RESOURCES & DEVELOPMENT

Land degradation is a process in which upper layer of the soil is depleted & land becomes unfit for cultivation. Three
steps to control land degradation in India are followings:-
1. Afforestion: - The best way to control land degradation is to plant more & more trees. Rampant cutting of trees
should be banned.
[Link] on Overgrazing: - Another way to control land degradation is to restrict the overgrazing. Fodder crops
should be grown in large quantity.
3. ConstructingDam: - Constructing Dam across the river is a great way to control land degradation.
4. Modern Farming Techniques: - By adopting modern farming techniques land degradation can be controlled.
5. Control on over irrigationcan be proved a great effort to control land degradation.
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF LAND AS A NATURAL RESOURCE?
1. Land is an important resource because all economic activities are performed on land
2. It also supports natural vegetation and wildlife.
3. Land is essential resource as it is used for transportation and communication system.
4. Most of the minerals are formed on land. That’s why it is considered an important resource.
RESOURCE PLANNING is the planning for the judicious use of the resources as resources are unevenly
distributed upon the Earth and are limited.
Resource planning is important because
1. Some states are rich in Minerals and coal deposits but lacks in infrastructural development.
2. Some states like Haryana Punjab and Uttar Pradesh are rich in soil but lack minerals therefore resource
planning is important for country like India.
3. As resources are limited so there is a need of resource planning for their conservation.
4. India has a great diversity in the availability of resources so there is a need for the resource planningfor the
proper distribution of resources.
FOLLOWINGS ARE THE FEATURES OF BLACK SOIL
1. Black soil are made up of extremely fine clayey material.
2. Black soils have capacity to hold moisture.
3. Black soils are rich in nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
[Link] soils are found in Gujarat, Maharashtra, MP etc. they are also found in Godavari and Krishna Valley.
5. They develop deep cracks during hot weather.
6. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton, it is also known by Regur soil.
KHADAR BHANGAR
1. They are found in the low areas of the valley 1. They are found about 30 m above the flood level.
flooded every year.
2. These soils are finer in texture. 2. These soils are course in texture.
3. These soils are more fertile in nature 3. These soils are less fertile in nature
DISCUSS THE PROBLEM OF OVERUTILIZATION OF RESOURCES & MENTION TWO WAYS TO SAVE THE
RESOURCES.
The overutilization of resources to meet the greed of few individuals is resulting in the depletion of resources.
2. This overutilization has resulted in increasing the gap between rich & poor.
3. Overuse of resources has also affected badly on the economic growth of the countries like India.
4. Overuse of resources has resulted in the global warming in the world.
THE EARTH HAS ENOUGH RESOURCES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF ALL BUT NOT ENOUGH TO SATISFY THE
GREED OF EVEN ONE PERSON.” DISCUSS THIS STATEMENT OF GANDHI JI.
1. Resources are important for the development of any country. But their overuse may lead to serious
economic & environmental problems.
2. The resources are enough on the earth but our greed & overuse of resources’ is causing the depletion of
resources.
3. If we are unable to stop this overusing of resources our planet existence would be in danger.
4. There is a dire need of the sustainable development so that our future generation can also use it.
THERE IS A NEED TO CONSERVE OUR NATURAL RESOURCES BECAUSE
1. Most of the resources are limited in their supply then their demand
2. Overuse of resources has also affected badly on the economic growth of the countries like India.
3. Overuse of resources has resulted in the global warming in the world so there is a need to conserve our
natural resources.
4. If we are unable to stop this overusing of resources our planet existence would be in danger.
THE MAIN CAUSES OF THE LAND DEGRADATION IN INDIA ARE FOLLOWINGS
1. Mining in the states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and M Petc. is the main cause of land degradation.
2. Over irrigation in the states like Punjab & Haryana is the reason for land degradation.
3. Overgrazing in the states like Gujarat, Rajasthan & M P is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
4. Deforestation has also resulted in land degradation in a large part of India.
THREE PHYSICAL FACTORS AS WELL AS THREE HUMAN FACTORS WHICH DETERMINE THE USE OF LAND IN INDIA
1. The use of land is determined by physical factors such as topography, climate and soil types.
2. It is also determined by human factors such as population density, technological capability, culture and traditions etc.
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN RED SOIL AND LATERITE SOIL STATING ANY THREE POINTS OF DISTINCTION.
RED SOILS LATERITE SOILS
[Link] soils develop on crystalline igneous rocks in areas 1. Develop in areas with high temperature and heavy
of low rainfall. rainfall.

2. Red soils are found in path of Odisha and 2. Laterite soil is mainly found in Karnataka Kerala and
Chhattisgarh. the hilly areas of Assam.

3. Red and yellow soil develops a reddish colour due to [Link] laterite soil humus content is very low.
diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF HUMAN IN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT?

1. Resources are function of human activities
2. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create Institutions to accelerate their economic
development.
3. Human beings transfer materials available in our environment into resource and use them.
4. For example river is a natural endowment and it becomes resource when its water is used for irrigation or power
production.
INDIA HAS LAND UNDER A VARIETY OF RELIEF FEATURES JUSTIFY.
1. 43% of land area is plain which provides facilities for cultivation.
2. 30% mountainous area and sure regular flow of some rivers facilities for tourism etcetera
3. 27% plateau area possesses reserves of minerals fossil fuels and forests.
 INDIA HAS ENORMOUS DIVERSITY IN THE AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES. EXPLAIN.
1. The state of Jharkhand Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in mineral resources but lack industrialisation.
2. Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
3. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
4. The cold desert area of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country due to lack of means of
transportation and communication.
5. Most of North Eastern states are rich in natural vegetation but lacks in fertile soil.
How Over Irrigation And Mining Lead To Land Degradation Which States Of India Face This Problem?
1. Over irrigation and mining lead to land degradation as
2. Over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging which leads to increase in salinity and
alkalinity in the soil.
3. Water logging is a major issue in Punjab Haryana and UP.
4. The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry, calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry
generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it
settles down on the land.
LAND DEGRADATION IN GUJARAT, RAJASTHAN AND MADHYA PRADESH IS DUE TO LARGE SCALE OVERGRAZING. IT
CAN BE CHECKED THROUGH FOLLOWING STEPS
1. Afforestation and proper management of grazing.
2. Planting of shelter belts control on overgrazing.
3. Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.
MAJOR FACTORS WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FORMATION OF SOIL ARE FOLLOWINGS:
1. Relief parent rock or Bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the
formation of soil.
2. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, action of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of
decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.
3. Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important
4. Soil also consists of organic and inorganic materials.
HOW BLACK SOIL IS FORMED? EXPLAIN THE DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK SOIL.
Black soil is formed due to the weathering of the Lava spread over large areas during volcanic activity in the Deccan
Plateau and different climatic conditions.
1. Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap region spread over North West Deccan Plateau.
2. They cover the plateau of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
3. They are also found in the Godavari and Krishna Valley.
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF LAND AS A NATURAL RESOURCE?
1. Land is an important natural resource because all economic activities are performed on land.
2. It supports natural vegetation and wildlife.
3. Most of the minerals are formed in land.
4. It is used for transport and communication system.
MENTION THE STEPS WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN RESOURCE PLANNING.
1. Resource planning involves identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country.
2. This involves serving mapping qualitative and quantitative Estimation and measurement of the resources.
3. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate Technology.
4. It also involves matching the resource development plans with overall National Development plans.
EXPLAIN THE FORMATION AND IMPORTANT FEATURES OF LATERITE SOIL.
FORMATION It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
The laterite soil is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy Tropical Rain.
FEATURES 1. The soils are acidic in nature coarser and crumbly in texture.
2. Due to lack of Nitrogen potassium and organic elements the laterite soils lack fertility and are not suitable for
cultivation.
3. All the soils are indefinitely durable so they provide valuable building materials

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL RESOURCES?

Resources are used to satisfy human needs
Resources are important for human survival as well as maintaining the quality of life.
Resources are also important for the economic development of a country.
Resources are also important for plant and wildlife.
All the economic activities are done with the help of resources.
MENTION ANY FOUR FEATURES OF ARID SOILS
1. Arid soil is widely found in western Rajasthan.
2. The soil Rangers red to brown in colour.
3. The soils contain considerable amount of soluble salts.
4. The soil is alkaline in nature as there is no rainfall to wash soluble salts
5. The soils contain a low percentage of organic matter.
6. The soils are infertile so needs proper irrigation and fertilizers.
SUGGEST ANY THREE MEASURES OF SOIL CONSERVATION
1. Crop rotation is a good idea to conserve the soil.
2. Checking and reducing shifting agriculture by persuading the tribal people to switch over to settled agriculture.
3. Soil conservation can be done with the help of strip cropping.
4. Shelterbelts are also useful for the conservation of soil.

THE VARIOUS METHODS OF SOIL CONSERVATION ARE

CONTOUR PLOUGHING: Ploughing along the contour lines can check the flow of water down the slopes it is practiced on
the hilly areas
TERRACE CULTIVATION: Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces it restricts soil erosion it is practiced in
western and Central Himalayas.
STRIP CROPPING Large fields can be divided into strips of grass are left to grow between the crops this method is called
strip cropping.
PLANTING OF SHELTER BELT also checks the soil erosion. Rows of planted trees are called shelterbelts.
HOW IS RED SOIL FORMED? MENTION ITS THREE CHARACTERISTICS
Most of the red soils have come into existence due to weathering of ancient crystalline igneous rocks
ITS MAIN FEATURES ARE
1. Soils are loamy in deep depression and in upland.
2. They consist of loose gravels and highly course materials.
3. The colour of these soils is generally red often grading into brown chocolate or yellow.
4. Red soils are deficient in phosphoric acid.
5. Red soils are fairly rich in potash.