DISTRIBUTION & LOGISTIC
IN EDUCATION INDUSTRY
Contents
Conceptual Note...................................................................................................................... 3
Executive Summary..................................................................................................................4
Introduction............................................................................................................................. 5
Value Chain Analysis.................................................................................................................7
Focus Area of Value Chain......................................................................................................11
Value Adding & Non-Value Adding Activities.........................................................................13
Time-Based Process Flow Chart............................................................................................. 16
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.................................................................................................. 17
Resolved Time-Based Process Chart.......................................................................................18
References..............................................................................................................................19
Conceptual Note
Under this study we discovered out many sorts of approaches that we may use
and discovered how it has been employed from years in the education sector
specifically Also, by implementing few technologies, we concluded minimizing
the duration of non-value-added activities in the education sector and how it
might be beneficial. We also identified different steps in the value chain which
informs us what are the main activities and which secondary activities support
those basic activities. These operations are highly crucial for the education
sector to grow exponentially. To Gain insight in the life cycle process of this
sector we interviewed several school owners who were industry for the past
20 years which helped us gather the right knowledge which helped in
preparing process chart.
1
Executive Summary
Education in India has been labelled always as a "Sunrise Sector". As a result of
a low literacy rate, high concentration in metropolitan areas, and rising per
capita income, the industry provides a significant untapped market in both
regulated and unregulated parts. In this regard, the government has taken a
leading role as a facilitator.
Today, India is seen as a global talent pool, with a plethora of highly skilled and
well-educated workers as a consequence, the founding fathers of India and
succeeding administrations have placed a great deal of emphasis on literacy,
school enrollment, higher education, and technical education since the
country's independence.
Indian goals for a knowledge society, higher and technical education provides
individuals with the necessary competitive skills and knowledge to compete
globally. We now know that a person's ability to succeed in life is directly
correlated to the quality of their education, and without a sufficient standard
of excellence, higher education devolves into a meaningless exercise in
conformity.
The capacity to assess and quantify innovation is critical to the implementation
of an improvement plan in education. Knowing whether and how much
practices are changing within classrooms and educational organisations, how
teachers develop and use their pedagogical resources, and to what extent
change can be linked to improvements would contribute significantly to the
expansion of the international knowledge base in the field of education. Using
new perspectives, Measuring Innovation in Education addresses the need for
measurement in educational innovation by comparing educational innovation
to innovation in other sectors, identifying specific innovations across
educational systems, and developing metrics to examine the relationship
between educational innovation and changes in student outcomes.
The report mentions the value chain and operations with specific focus on
certain key areas and with the use of tools and techniques few modifications
have been made to the non-value-based activities for enhancement of the
sector subsequently.
2
Introduction
When it comes to the global education market, India is a significant player.
India boasts one of the world's biggest networks of higher education
institutions, with more than 20,000 institutions in total. However, there is still
a great deal of room for improvement in the educational system as it is now.
With 26.31 percent of India's population between the ages of 0 and 14 years
old, the country's education sector offers several potentials for development
and progress.
India has the world's biggest population in the age bracket of 5-24 years, with
around 500 million people in the age bracket of 5-24 years. This presents a
tremendous potential for the education industry. The Indian education
industry was valued at US$ 91.7 billion in fiscal year 2018 and is predicted to
grow to US$ 101.1 billion in fiscal year 2019. Indian educational technology
(Ed-tech) sales are predicted to reach $4 billion by 2025, up from a current
value of US$ 750 million in 2020.
After the Covid-19 outbreak, the education industry is in need of a
revitalization. However, the digitalization of education has been a major lesson
during the whole process and is expected to continue. New EdTech start-ups
are springing up all the time, and the market for online education is expected
to increase exponentially. Similarly, the Indian higher education system is
expected to undergo a substantial revamp and improvement in 2021, thanks to
the growing popularity of online learning.
After 2021, it is expected that learning will continue to be significantly reliant
on the use of information and communication technology, whether or not
schools and educational institutions open (ICTs). The future of education lies
on blended learning, which combines classroom instruction with distance
education. This has enormous promise for providing youngsters with high-
quality instruction.
Despite the government's best efforts, primary education in India continues to
suffer from a wide range of issues. Insufficient infrastructure, poorly prepared
instructors, significant absenteeism, and a lack of responsibility and incentive
among educators are all problems that must be adequately addressed.
Equitable access to educational resources may exacerbate existing inequalities
in educational achievement. As a result, it is essential to quickly train
3
instructors and supply them with tools such as smartphones that can be used
for remote instruction. The goal should be to ensure that all students,
regardless of their socioeconomic status, have equal access to education. The
government might take use of the extensive school education expertise of
public-private partnership (PPP) organisations and seek a joint engagement
model. The PPP project might have a plan in place to fit in with the larger
picture while still meeting the demands of the education sector.
Even though the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 framework has been
established, the real groundwork begins now; this remains the most difficult
component. Government investment choices in technology, private-public
partnerships, and innovation are anticipated to be made quickly and wisely in
2021.
To that end, it is possible that India might lead the way in mainstreaming
digital education. In the Budget, there are some signs of this as well. Students
would have easier access to online courses because of this, and educational
institutions would have less regulation to deal with. For both K-12 and higher
education, it would be beneficial if property ownership rules for affiliation and
accreditation of schools were eased. However, regulations aimed at
4
discouraging unscrupulous business practices would still be necessary. In 2021,
the federal and state governments have the potential to legislate significantly.
5
Value Chain Analysis
6
Primary Activities
Directly involved with the development or delivery of a product or a service.
These may be categorized into five key groups: inbound logistics, operations,
outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. For education sector,
major activities include the instructors, some of the key actions includes:
Inbound Logistic
The first important part is the acquisition of land at the right location
and with the expertise of the architects they need to plan out the
infrastructure both academically and curricular wise.
Recruitment of quality teachers is the most important step as you need
to make sure the hiring process is effective which will eventually bear
good results. Hiring administrative staffs and contractual drivers is also
considered to be inbound logistic.
Students taking up admission and purchase of resources for their holistic
development is also an integral part of logistic.
Operations
Student learning is defined as the measurable skills, attitudes, and
knowledge of the learner as a result of participation in an educational
activity and is the main motive of operating a educational institute.
Curriculum assessment is a process of gathering and analysing
information from multiple sources in order to improve student learning
in sustainable ways.
Through comprehensive school counselling programs of developmental,
preventive, remedial, and responsive services, school counsellors
address academic development, career development, and
personal/social development of students.
7
Outbound Logistic
The education sector needs to make sure to lay down the right career
path for each individual students with different career choice and the
community will judge the respective school on hoe effectively you shape
their children’s as they also need to make them prepare them for the
world.
Marketing & Sales
Customers are informed about items and services, encouraged to
acquire them, and the buying process is made easier by these activities.
Product creation, pricing, promotions, and sales force management are
all part of this set. In order to reach a wide range of students and
educators, many organisations adopt a variety of marketing and sales
methods. Online marketing, conventional marketing, and word of mouth
are some of the most prevalent methods of marketing.
Service
In the education sector a few key services is providing the highest quality
of education or learning to students. Providing healthcare and food
facilities is also a part of their service. Communicating the children
progress to their respective parents and building the right trust is
important.
Secondary Activities
Activities that do not directly contribute to the development of a product but
rather serve as vital underlying support for a main activity are known as
support or secondary activities. " Assistive functions in the building industry
are as follows:
Firm Infrastructure
Refers to the manner in which the company's executives are established
and managed. In the long run, the outcomes of these organisational and
leadership initiatives may be profoundly significant. In Education sector,
8
there is a lot of legalities to be done at the beginning of the project (e.g.,
Environmental Clearance, Fire NOC) therefore this involves legal
planning. Businesses also need a large quantity of cash to invest because
of the low volatility.
Human Resource Management
All operations including the recruitment, employment, training,
development, compensation, and dismissal of individuals who are
involved in the design, manufacture, and distribution of the product are
included. Part of this work includes the recruitment and training of new
instructors.
Technology Advancement
Equipment, hardware, software, processes, and technical expertise
needed in the transformation of raw materials into finished products are
included.
For all the technological progress, though, implementation remains a
major challenge. Schools and educators across the country continue to
wrestle with the changing role of teachers, how to balance flexible and
“personalized” models with the state and federal accountability
requirements they still must meet, and the deeper cultural challenge of
changing educators’ long-standing habits and routines.
Procurement
Purchasing raw materials or inputs for the goods, maintaining
relationships with suppliers, and negotiating pricing are all part of the
job description. In an ideal world, this would be coordinated with
marketing, inbound logistics, and operations to ensure that supplies are
sourced on time and at a reasonable cost. This operation includes
suppliers of books and other stationery, as well as the storage and
administration of inventory for the things that have been purchased.
9
Focus Area of Value Chain
Everything starts off with right OPERATIONS and it takes central stage in
everything around the education sector. Systematic implementation of rules
and procedures helps to guarantee that teaching and learning go as smoothly
as possible in the classroom and beyond. Important information like as testing
scores, pastoral data, and class observations are used to create customized
teaching techniques that assist students reach their highest potential levels of
success. Effective operations make certain that data is entered in a timely way,
that it is presented to instructors in an easy-to-use manner, and that multiple
datasets are combined into a cohesive strategy. This helps instructors to
devote their time and energy to their classes and the accomplishment of their
students, rather of being distracted by the administrative tasks necessary to
get access to such critical information. It is only via the gathering and proper
display of data that schools can establish communication channels with
parents, enabling them to get a knowledge of their child's academic
achievement and participate in fruitful talks with teachers to promote their
child's academic success. Additionally, effectively providing academic data to
students assists them in becoming a part of their learning plan and goal setting,
which is backed by the knowledge and expertise of their professors.
Schools are chosen by parents who feel that such a school will offer their
children with the greatest possible education and prepare them for their
future employment. Parents are just as essential to school administrators as
children from a marketing standpoint. Families will continue to pick the schools
for their children's younger siblings and will make recommendations to their
friends based on their experience. As a result, it is critical for principals to
ensure that their processes, protocols, and record-keeping are well-
documented and organized. Parents may have peace of mind knowing that
their child's academic and personal growth, as well as their general safety and
everyday well-being, are being taken care of because of detailed school
records. Through the establishment and administration of reporting protocols,
school administrators play an important role in the management of
interactions with families. Aside from this, they make certain that parents have
simple access to the information on their children.
Good data supports the vision and decision-making of the school leadership
team. An effective operations department is able to extract and analyse key
data to inform a school's strategic decisions around education provision.
10
School leaders cannot remain static but must adapt and change their vision
and processes as the world of education embraces new challenges and fresh
technologies. Effective data analysis shows the leadership team where the
school's strengths and weaknesses currently lie, enabling them to understand
the knowledge and skills they need to focus on embedding, and at what stage
of a pupil's education.
11
Value Adding & Non-Value Adding
Activities
Students in value-added schools are less likely to be subjected to restrictions
that adults find difficult to justify because they are so ludicrous. Creating rules
and procedures that are more tailored to the needs and interests of students is
essential since they are all unique people. School should be a place where
children are eager to learn. The onus is on us to examine our work and culture
with a critical eye and make both minor and large adjustments to improve the
educational experience of our children. One thing we can all agree on is the
importance of fostering strong interpersonal connections through fostering an
environment of trust: -
Instead of obsessing about your academics, put more effort into your
education.
Give children in grades K–12 greater opportunity for play.
You may tailor your learning strategy to your skills and weaknesses as
well as to the location where you're studying.
The "cemetery effect" may be addressed by using research-based and
design thinking methodologies to alter classrooms.
Students have a right to be heard, to have a say, and to advocate for
themselves.
Creating a culture of REAL learning would include reconsidering old
methods such as homework and grading.
In order to encourage people to interact, provide makerspaces, charging
stations, thinking games (such as chess), and healthy food and drink
alternatives in public areas.
12
Connectivity should be seen as a lifeline for this generation of children,
and equal access should be provided through gadgets or the Internet.
Increasing the number of after-school activities geared on fostering
students' long-term interests and career goals.
Rather of treating technology as an afterthought, see it as an integral
part of the student learning experience.
As a result, the goal of this study and the group's work on this subject is to
identify and categories educational waste as non-value-added in order to
determine how to eradicate it. To do this, we modify the classifications
produced in earlier procedures.
Overprocess: To give more teaching and/or administrative processes
than the consumer needed from an educational standpoint (public or
private), overprocessing might include, for example, repetitious topics
and time-consuming enrollment procedures. Overprocessing in the
context of teaching and learning is working on subject that students
already know or repeating explanations on topic because they don't
comprehend or don't pay attention. Overprocessing, in this context,
refers to engaging in activities that are unnecessary or redundant, such
as repetitive practical tasks or the use of ineffective approaches (and
consequently not successful.
Defects: That which kids do not learn in school is called a "fault," and it is
this lack of knowledge that causes them to fall short of their goals.
Consequently, individuals have to repeat the teaching-learning process,
resulting in overprocesses or even desertion, which results in significant
losses. Defects might also include those programmes that don't meet
the needs of the consumer. As a result of their inability to get adequate
homologation or a lack of available jobs, they will no longer be used in
the future.
Motion: Workers (teachers and other staff) are in constant motion, but
no new knowledge is being produced. This is what is meant by the term
"motion." This waste, if taken literally as physical motion, may not have
much significance in the educational setting [25] since the industrial
context may be simplified (e.g., small universities and schools). In other
words, it may be interpreted as the amount of time that employees
13
devote on non-work-related activities. The time that instructors spend
performing various non-teaching chores (e.g., administrative work,
research in other subject areas, photocopying) may be referred to as
"waste" in the educational setting.
Waiting: Literally, waiting refers to workers that are stopped from
producing, that is, workers (teachers and other staff) waiting for the
development of their tasks. As in other cases, students must also be Be
taken into account in this kind of waste due to their special role in the
teaching–learning process. Specifically, in Lean Education, waiting waste
refers to students who are not learning and teachers who are not
teaching because they are waiting for something. For example, teachers
and students waiting for the beginning of the course, exams, and delays
in the enrolment process.
Unused Creativity: Severe underutilization or non-inclusion of educators
(as well as other personnel) in improving the educational system is at
the root of this waste (e.g., researchers as teachers, teachers as
researchers, administrative staff as concierges). A student's
underutilized creativity should be recognized in the same way that
waiting waste is, because instructors are required to assist students in
improving the teaching–learning process by receiving their opinions and
suggestions as well. It's worth noting that this waste is mostly due to the
curriculum pre-establishing all of the components of the process (or in
Lean Teaching, by the guide of the subject, adjusted to the curriculum).
That is to say, the information, abilities, and attitudes that students will
learn, as well as the teaching methods and tests that will be used, are all
preset.
14
Time-Based Process Flow Chart
From the above time-based flow chart, we identified the Non-Value Adding
activities in Advertising and Admission Process and below we will try to
improve on those aspect to bring down the total number of days a process is
taking.
15
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
NVA ACTIVITIES (Advertisement & SOLUTION
Admission)
1. Acknowledgement By CO The school management can
communicate the identified issue as
it should not take more than one day
and try to speed up process.
2. Advertisement CDR Exactly as the previous one
importance of receiving the
advertisement is important and
Corporate needs to be
communicated the lying issue.
3. Changes in the Advertisement Building up pressure on them and
asking for the final after changes
within 2 days
4. Approval by Management It will be better if the school
management acts faster and reduce
it by one day to ensure early ads.
5. Marketing Team Approval The team needs to increase its
productivity as the only objective
they have is to roll out advertisement
at the right time.
6. School Tour Better Training to the admission
team to reduce it to one day.
7. Paperwork & Formalities Ensure that paper trail is converted
completely into digital way as it will
make all formalities faster and easier
8. Result of Aptitude Test Examination Department needs to
employ one more personnel to
ensure faster corrections.
16
Resolved Time-Based Process Chart
In this section, we attempted to decrease the time required by all non-value-
adding operations and considered how we may improve things, ultimately
arriving at the options shown in the table above.
And we can observe that the overall time has reduced from 31 days to 18 Days
in Advertising Case scenario and in case of admission it has gone down from 24
to 15 Days subsequently.
17
References
1. Interview from School Owners
2. [Link]
18