Personal Issues

Unit 1: What are textiles?

At the end of this unit you will know
• whet is meant by the term texllles.
• the history of textiles .
At the end of this unit you will be able to
• give examples of textiles in your home.
• give examples of textiles in other situations.
At the end of this unit you will be able to appreciate
• why we need the technology of textiles.
• how efficiently textile products can be used.
• advances made in the textlle Industry for the benefit of people.

Glossary
You will use the following words:
.,: Arteries Blood vessels Inside the human body.
· Decorative To make something look nice.
Fabric Any cloth made from yam or fibre by weaving or knitting.
Fibre A long fine continuous thread.
Functional To serve a purpose.
· 1m;ulattng A material that Is a poor conductor of heal or cold .
. Jeans Casual close-fitting trousers.
Marginalised In a pos~on of no power.
Miniskirt A very short c!ress ending above the knee.
Parachutes Equipment used for gilding down from great heights, made of a
light material.
Punk A certain style of clothes worn by a movement among young people in the
1970s In Britain
Sweater A pullover.
Textiles Raw materials suitable to be made Into fabric, fibre or yam.
Upholstery A material used to make soft coverings for furniture.
Yam A twisted slrand of fibres.
I

Resources
You will need the following:
• Activity book
• Colour penclls or palnt
• Examples of wallpaper cutoffs
• MagazJnes or any other source with textile items in the pictures
• Questionnaire
 ~les- many purposes - from ~th~ to <:U~ CBIJ)8t and to l°
cushions. I ne t8XDl8 industry Is one of the wona's ma)or lradlng anouSD Md.
A

Most people think of textiles as clothing only. Humans have wom COY8rings
since prehistortc times. It Is from these early days that the clothing Industry
developed. However, textlles are also wldely used In the ho(ne as decoration or
for protection. These soft furnishings Include [Link], carpets, cushk>ns and
u~holste
. ry.
.
There are also lpdustrl~ 4S~ of ~es. Taxttlas are used as components 11:'
machinery, It IS also used In .filtersr ro~. nets and as !(lsulotfn~ matenaL For
~pie , \extiles are u s e d ~ ~ ~ . ~ and for_paradiutes. .
Textiles are U§~ lo ho§pttal s and In first-ald klb, In.sµ~ry and In reolacement
Joints end arteries. Furthermore, textiles are also used In transpart, tn [Link] and
lri ·agriculture.
JP"".,.nology ensures that the uses and appllcalfons of textiles are constan tly
c. . ., 1glng end It has also ensured that the equipment used to make ffbres, yams
and fabrics aia Improved continuously.
Q52[nplete:
Do the following questions In your actMty book.
·•tl Take any colour picture from a magazine and make a 11st of all the ~le ·
Items In the picture, saying whether each Item is decorative, functional or
both. . .
·2; What textile Items will you find In a car? Explain where they are used•
. ..
~--~' ExplaJn In writing U1~ 1'><tlle tnd't.1stty is so huge.

f€\~~;l~8~9~~fl½fi*'«!~~~~~·i~~•-,• .{ln~dual activity)

kJ people's lifestyles change, so technology contributes to the development of
·9usands of new designs and Innovations In textiles.
l sonal Influences such as an Interest In nallJra or the preference of new trends
In art, musfc, fllms and television are reflected In styles of textiles.
Clothing reflects per$0nal tasks and choices. Culture has become a dominant
factor In the choice of textiles. Fashion trends have Influenced the textile Industry
greatly over the decades. In the 1950s, nyton was produced and used on a large
scale. In the 1960s, the miniskirt made Its first appearance. So too did }eans.
sweaters and -Y:shlrta. In the 1970s shiny materials went with the punk style. In
the 1980s the professlonal corporate look was very popular. The Influence of
music during the 1990s greatly Influenced the design of textiles. Today 1n South
Afnca It Is very fashionable for people to wear ethnic clothing, which presents a
revival of marglnallsed cultures.
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1950’s-nylon
1960’s-miniskirt, jeans, sweaters, T-shirts

1, .r'; ·"l.t
1970’s-shiny materials (punk style)
1980’s-professional corporate look
1990’s-textiles
fsxt<l<-\ Today’s times-ethnic clothing

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 Unit 2: Fibre s and fabri cs,

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• haw 'R nl &19 [PIWM:i;,cd m:n,~
,~ (he ,~ m'cfflae .g;labc b.
t,;Ji,- .-dfdU ..Ull~ dblab iam
• U. pn)CeS5 thi1! bN lbra Into labrim.
..plilnW hlnrlill ufal R n a ~
• DDWI ..t,y·we MN't abta wJa-q dffer-en1
11w md d tis Ll'II ,au wa b11i llilll 'ID appirJala
• a'ffY•n llil!dfa ba hm"" IWJhl a.
=tie 8111c ltlld 01&811\a!Qll'I,, .... In ,S mrlt,1Afr1cl.

Glcss ary
'1"bu d [Link] lftl JDllcMlng warm: Fabric-yarn
AlksorhflCr To &DIii' up I~ Filament-fibre
~Fli lllnl dzm bric :.
DurabBJNlll » IIIL
AiJla IO 11-1....
fabric 'Rw mallda wtid1 made by Joflirto - - - al f,lffl\.
flln:I, Fht. hair.a. - - ..:.
Allmar d A lang·f ln 1tJC bl:llcl ac. 11 llh .-1
Gniin Tlw dlrlicdan ol bl al I ~ a l ~.
Natural flbras FbM MWCn 00m1 nim [gllffll o r ~
nm. Nabn1 . _ M'ild'l r.v. CMm1c:a1s addld 1o iham,
~Tiw llC1g edwtN 91fab ic.
SfnlM k llbrn FbB ffllldi tomd1l lmicall or,ily,
Tam. QbjKb MIida DI [Link] ,m .rdabi ffbtN.
·w-, pm Yamli /IIRWll1'«ta lmglh D I ~ llbria. •
WIii Yim lwnl n:ml,g1~ I I / ~ • 'l!IO\WI fudc.
Wov•n Th'Nds jcihld 1a maJm flli::rtca.
Yam.a fhl hudl lhm:lbc.a .,. twlidMI or.s:p1.111nto.
~"- t-J-K.~ f ~"" - YARNS (of a woven fabric)
Ruourcas Warp-running the length
FIBRES_.. .-..d Ill Urowt~; Weft-running horizontally
Natural-plants and animals
"'h:AM fbodc
Regenerated-natural withrl'lll~
• Ala,g eVJlri lltyrll chemicals
dfahrl c
Synthetic-only
•Cotlior'I chemicals
THREADS
• Flab lb-.l js~
Woven-joined together
. _...._..DJ wm
• llb£rL NI
Yarns-twisted or spun into
, N•t~
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flw-. ... .....,. [Link] - . . paUlllil In lllptha(,ptil. " " "-·
i!!p DbJ:PI_QI" ~UI 1ha)' COJ'IW from thr!IIIII ff!jiJll'\I &OU(CIH,

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d-11 Iha--•• odp.

md!:l anti. Labm lhli 'fabric me;!
yau waJld UA fmk kit.
z:. Vilhllll . . hi_, mm..._ ur~
el' .
Mtiii#&»lii~iiii!iiit~i!li\~ and gmup Kttvrty)
h'AIII ! 9 ~ N A made lmm.¥1PJ1i, Spinning
ffl:nl \together makes yarns. ,Splnnt,la W8fi
1done man~Hy b many yll8fl. ~nne!!.,
Is
pr,odudng 'lab
•
lb= populp, 1111111hod qi
QVm\cmni II ffll!U~lt lrQfJII
Jwa r1m gf yams. name1rJ ~ a n d
t ~, ·the yam, wtlh their &igers or tfiay used W(;fTYA:RNS, (en fig,. 5.3)~AH wmian, doltl ha,
a ~ring whl!l.r(-· 111. 5.2) Whara~1htl twist 11 • g1rllri lh whleh u,e yams H•.
T

·rrui lnio 1tMI yam"'bJ t,e roldon or. the wheat

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Y1t.r.11
• Knitting
- yarn
0 ffbrn
~a Ii
A lnnm wttti e st» rru, wRI \eeve e &1bcedge
(JJKn~ ~c ;s-ma~a
yam and Is called 'weft lmltllng' (see fig. 5.5}.
~~,:-long klngth of
[Link]! )Pir:b wrepe !he tAd
warp. f-to,Never; modem looms . _ no sootlle lntilltocldng loops are lonnad to hold the fabric
and thaelore rlo. aetvadges. ~.l:i..ltl!! . toglllhar.

- ----
mosl basic weave (see Ilg. 5.4).

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Ag. Alllan · - Ro. 6.5: wllf1lnllllilj~,·~

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"""? "'11:h other (see lig s 6) All
knllled 1abdc7nnicie on huge lndustl1al lcnltti~frlact 1
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~go~eo fabrf~_ Wii• [Link] lilOO da OQI
CJl!:r:N' we!!. ~r;abie cras1'11ct=lhs. ma
maid.a 1mm nocwovel!'I ·~ ~Ml- 5. 7).
~y .eosy and ~.!lu..taJDBlm. They
a111 lllsci used m:. an ur,dene,:i:'kir ~[Link].. .

_Q(~; 1tie
- - - . ..... - !!"' - -

Fdi=,z ~. or
~ -. · .· . . ~· S-5).. l'l l~ah!dc and hos
1"19 ~[Link], Itc wool Dbms 1111!1 t~
im;il!tl•.1F:1d-Ll'Sad ICI [Link] Of hm =o~
and§! ll:5CI gb..ceo l!n10 fl"lf undemldn
1
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d. SQ1!11@ ~hJ~ l:f"tg. 5.9}. ~ ~(]S_h1

I ~ 'W!41i" tao: ffluk5~1rCJl!in 0011WOV1Pn
tii..bnc ;ard pmlunts :~ ·go fat c;pe111Uon.!i
ilUC i1!r,Mi ~
r.t """"'r"WOVE!fl ll'n&t9Fi;a1.
.~ 1 1 . ' . a . ~ ~ - - •

~ :
Do u,. '1110mg In )'tlJf aC'tNtty bamk.
1. ~ n 'h p-v,. -,tla ,cf WO'IIU!' IIWd
dffl•.
2. M,roo ooc:un u.. no,I W'Qft'tln~in
3.. Collet any mhrw,fabric IIBmS.. Bring these
'1MII I D ~ . Haw .B IJFDUp lfmre&'tiglUOl'l 'IC
-d•llmurnl haw iBCh bill wu [Link].d.

RJ. 15.1: Mll ,nd ft

 r~&J
Aat,iviity
'
,[Link] t'1 roo,[Link] 'f1Jursalf lh ul will h a,!,,'a enounh well-p llliced :storngo sr,ac.e ro,
~our clo thes._Doolde if U1e sb::araga· gpm:::e you allOV"ted for vour cJ01hos reaUy wa s
a m1o_ugh whtiNl packing away tha woek s woshitta; 1

ci eas·1lv ucc1:n,slbte w hun pacldnQ Din ovorn~oh i ciiso,

labe!s
W1lh Uu: cvcr-ihcrca.,lng co,sts or Loda:y, fl is imP,orlilfi[ llrnl we 1u10w how to c.1ke cw-c oi
our dothts properly. The~ ~hould !!i. labeJ hmde nJl [Link]-m11dc:i g,arm~nas witb
in.slru1c:1ia:ms on bow to ci,rr.: for the item.

W'h at}nfiormotion is ,g1iven on labels?

,o l'\iruutf:acturer's n0_1ne
1 G Trndam11rk .
• Siu· of 1m1.rmc11t or qg~ it .mould oL
• Fibre c ontcnt
:S pccinl. fi [Link] ug p.r~ c s
'11
o QuaH!y muk:s
o Dcy-cluTiiDg ot washing [Link],~~
,e S peci nl care Instn1climu

c ·are s'y mbols and their meanings

'

Most ltlbe;l:s tt,a\lc wuh1u_g nnclt c.~ irutru.c1icmi printed on r.h=m. On the bt\.Ck o,f many
wnihing-!Jowdicr box~ rm,d [Link]:r dotlu.111g·--cW'l; producl!I Mt Hsu of \\'l111t Lh~ syrn.b-o]~
mou n. Thc.s~ sym b11111 alWP.j'B [Link] in Lh: :s ami= ordc r, usunlty :al'!Xt. lo ~c:h \Jlhr.::r.

0 c9 0
\V ushing procc.,s Ulenching procc.s:s UO!tl'ITI,& Drying Dry-clerunng

Additionel inform1ati,on
W11shiing

Ten1.11cra1ure of [Link] 1.hJri1ilg washi1\1 D o not wa,h

Hn.m,1 wnsh o olj'
 Bleachinr-

.A
'
Use household (chlorine) blench Do not bleach

Ironing

Cool iron Wann iron Hot iron Do not iron

Dry-cleaning

Dry-cleaning instructions are glven so clcnncrs know which cleaning ngent lhe fabric wJll
acccpL . ,.,.,,-.
' I ' .
0 0 0
11,cse: symbols refer to certain solvcnL~. Do not dry clen1t

· Drying

B El
Hang on line Drip-dry . Dry on Out su1fncc Tumble-dry Do oq.t tumble-dry

.Y!, Activities

1, Na me. the process that each ol the following symbols

'
depicts:

o D©f:4 Eloo
d A ~
(OG) 2. Draw a care label for a particular garmJt. Swop with a class member and see II
you can interpret each other's correctly, .
3, Find a set of ca re symbols. Stick them I to your book and wrile the interpretation
' benaath.
 -
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~il~ clo · () q a (V\() ,
\ n-;-f - k , ; \ A ~ t ~-'6-~ 0::_
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_ _ _ _- l -- -

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f ~, Fl ===r --r--/- -----, ---r::-- --t-- -f-----½1----- :t== ~- - -

c -- ._ -
 l\. - lC , ·L.3:v

lp.n, L<\.l,'(JL?
" hY~ ~" t\, d C\.V' ( j_ I!} t' to(...')(.(; k (te.¥1-"~ ~vt
<Ai~ la~l 1twn o~ tJ~M,
V '\ ~ w.. lQi'\v(, \ i''? Q, 'iv~ o\ if\stt'v\.!.,lro_1.,$ ~\l i c!d _t/') (.t'h~~tt•\! (!

~bt11A t "'-.cw {;,,, (pl._'rL ~Or- '?so.~~s er:_ le..xllk ,i(,ll)"Ll,._

t-k 1'n~d.l1•~"'-o,,1 .L~~J\~Y'1 lOWl,;l°"'{.'1~ V\', s:Jll"'I b2{5 _ ~ 2M&l.
~V\~~:-i (, t { fll'\~ ...v--tx S::~~c..vJ(~ l-t-rt-fJq,-.r(l-t,nl LL~1J.<, t' t,.;,, O;-(r.'l
~o: ,(t b ~-~'-'° f' K,<.- f w~s kl'4 ~v- t\~~ 1'il\3.
" k .4 \[Link] \ ,'<1:., \N\ lL.. (.Qr-(, t~w$ w,·n ll, /.o r~ ~ov l°'"A,,
8.,- L~~,&, ( kA_ Lh- , ~I' -

•
 Clothing

Shrinkag, retr ,
You_need at least four dinerenr types of fabric, ior example wool. silk. corum,
poly~ster-or linpn. · ·
Carefully measure and cut threa 10-cm squares from each iype of iabric.
Keep· one square of S?ch as a. control. II is important that the squares are
accurateiy measur<ld. Put one square of each typo of fabric into very hot water.
rub well and wring. Hang qn the line to dry.
Wash eac'h of the other squares corractly according to fabric rype. When
all the SlJUijros are dry, measure oaeh one and compare to the original unwashed
•· sq u2:~· Discuss the results in s!JisS:

Labels aald--lafJelling'
Labels on clolhil!g perform a ntlIIlbcr of functioDS.
• They state the f ihrt content used in the manufacrure of a partic:uur gann1::1t. T1llS
may be indica1~· by means of a quality mark, e.g. woo!mark.

LIOOJ

i>ure wool
-"'
Cotton
_,,,...,.
·-
.
IRJsh
-
unen I

)
Woo1bl\tmd man
81:.wc:1
~--J
[Link] bJ.wi4
Jlltl#/111?
I

Should a mixtuxe or blend llave beell uS<d, the percentage composition may stated,

0 They include. ibe =•

e.g. 80% [Link]/20¾ nylon.
symbols as. prescribed by the Internatiot,al Textile u..-e
Lalbelling Code.
• They give the me of [Link] gannenl.
Depe11ding on ~• 1YP1 of garment, the ,label "'ill state the size as
- a standard size, e.g. l2, 14, 16, etc.;
- a body mea5t!ret11ent, e.g. bust, waist, hip;
- a height mcasuremeo(, e.g. 81 cm leg length;
an age, e.g. birth-J. months, months, l-2 years;
- a description, e.g. small,. mc&l/lll, large.
 QUESTION2 ONE-WORD ITEMS
only the~rd/ s.
Give ONE lenn/word for_ each of the ~n g descriptions. Write
2.1 Used for measunng sma ~nti ties of ingredients.

'tV\~ Suri J e. p6o/l

2.2 Used for stirring, beating and ~ ending.

,_,,,aJoo 1do Q Jf .
2.3 .. Used [Link] he volume of liquids.

2.4 The basic equipment for stry and biscuit making.

r11 ii ;~ Fi I\ Of\ d CJLl,/;-l&f

· 2.5
Sea)e- J ~- ~
Used for mea suri ni ingredients.
[5]

QUESTION 3

b e.a
3.1 What is food poisoning.

iii ne65 O:, cM d &' ) Cl! r, r, [!VI i' "'11-, e d k> cl [1]

3.2 Give FIVE hints how you could prevent food poisoning.
- bo Aob eat ),;.4 ld,,,,Jr· Ms be-er, e,,pre/

[5]
b- tetvy>~ h,r f"
Name FOUR bacteria which are food poisoning.
3.4
-s~IM~ l\q boclcr
[4]
[10]
 Unit 6: Packaging
At the end or this unll you wtl know
• why pad(aglng la Important In selllng food products.
• how packaging protecls food.
• how to design and make a secure rorm or packaging.
N. the end of this unit you wlll be able to
• explain the purpose of packaging.
• plan how to make a package.
N. the ond of this unit you wlii be able to eppraclate
• lhe at.tracUven888 of somo packaging.
• purpoee and uselulness of packaging.

Glossary
You wtll 1.188 the following words:
Bek:h A group of similar objects.
Breakage The quantity of brolteil objects.
Contain To hold.
Olapoeed To get rid of.
Fizzy AIied with carbon dlOXlde to make II produce bubbles.
Freglllty Easy to break. .,,
llar1toUog The promodon ol lhlngs to eell.
Package Arr, wrapped-up object Inside a conta111or.
Pl1ma,y First In Importance.
P ~ ,o defend or keep lrom harm.
Recycling To let something pass through the ~tern again for uae.
Reveal To open up and show.
Rigid Sturdy, cannot bend.
SN I To :securely ctoso.
S.C:Ondary Ono grade below the ,besl
.si.m....:ro.c1een-m,m.ba81eria,
Stol'llge Space or area where objects are kepi.
Sturdy Strong; cannot break easn:y.
llunpe, To tntorlars with something.

Resources
You wtH nooo the lo04?wtng:
• Actlvttybool<
• Card or any other suitable materfals to make own package
• Colourtng·pencus or paint
• Examples o1 different kinds or packaging
• Glue
• Pu or scissors
• Measuring lape or ruler
:~vlt(e:~·:'N eta (lndMduaJ actlYlly)
!, _n ~ la lhe llal st,ape of a package Ihm has been unfolded and llallened out.
Nets can be,quite compllcalecl to design when lhey have unua'uel:~{flll!.····
' . . .
The more common shapes aro a:

_Pyramid
When nets are designed, dolled fotp lines are aoored wtlh a sharp lnatrull')Qllt 119
that the llnes can bend_~lly.
NOi sides or forces ma folded and [Link] (tabs). The flaps·
o:Yll.'1!1P the edges where.11\6 sides 11'11181 and are glued lnts, place. Sometlmes
ne1s lock together to form a package wtlhout glue. Pften ~eslgners Include a-
wl~ow Into the package, so that customers can see~ produot.
CapablRty_luk
1. For eap'l of the shepes below, sketch the net neoded lor their con811uction.
Show ell out end fold Ines.

Pyramid Hexagonal cube

2. Collect some examples or peckeglng1that are no longer needed. Carefully
take them apart end sketch their nels. Determine how they aro joined? Do
they serve lhe purpose for which they were designed? Can they be Improved
and how?

Why do we, peclcage food? .

Food that has been p,ocessed, nueds to be pacl<aged well ao that 11 remains 1n
good condition. A package should perform four funollons:
• It must protect the lood. ·
• It must contain tho [Link] avoid loss through breakage or lh811.
• 11 must glve Information.
• It can be used lor marketing.
The label
Most prepacked fOod must •Ive the followlng Information on the label:
• .Name of food
• Lie! of lngredlenlll
• lnslruetlona ·ror use
 • .Storage lnslruCtlons
• 'Use by' or 'be!lt boforu• dates. FOOd labels c:on101n lnformouon obout whon
the food should bo eaten.
• •A l~l or batch ITJl;lr11
• Name and oddl'888 of manutaoturor
• A sta lament that the food boen lrmdlotod or contalnu lrmdloted
lngro,dfents
Comp/ate:
Answer Iha followtng questions:
1. a) What lnlormallon must be Included on a food label?
I
b) Why Is this lnlormaUon lncludod?
2. Design your own packaging Isbel. Indicate what you ~lkMl ls lmPOrtanl Ill
have on a packaging label,

Prtmary..1111d 1141condary packing

Packaging fall~ Into two categories:
PRIMAA:,'_PACKAGING ls_~\)olC Of [Link]§f [Link] ~ -I! ~!!,..![Link]~
RmlllQ.t Qml display the. productto 11s boitlJl.d_vQ!!!~g~,.
~~NDARY !'.A(?_MJ;,lN<li!_~e~ . Jl:8C!jsglng (~quired. !Qr. ~l!Qll. e.g.
eevemr!,,o~-~I 'qjer may be ~p~yJilh.l,e~l:.S.8_i![Link]. lo.p((?\/1d!I
llddltlanel [Link]. , " -1-ru...., ~:,[Link] ,.,i.,~ ._,
. '
.Matertalua.e.d.1oc.pa1:kaglog-. '·
Cane
Tin cans used for food are made of ataol s:!.)B!!!SI...Wilh UV!!!.1(:!)..Qf.llo_lf>_P.(Olad.
the steel from rusllng.-Cens"iiri!"lighl-~-!1M be8f1 partly replaced by .
lllllmlollJm. Tole Is a otrong llghlwelght malerlal, but (1 la expansive to 8Xlracl and
: use. Toe recydlng of cans Is becoming a huge Industry.
Glaq
BoWea .el'.[Link] may be made of glass.
-~lass: •
• ..PI.Q.C;tt,ICIJ... tlrnee
• le eaey 10 ct<MUJ !!n_d sterUlso - and can be recycled many •
• reveals contoots.. Cf"'I' , .[/'
3
;r -~-3 '=""
• can wtthstancl 1n1ema1 p(U§UAI ol producta such1as ftzzy dl1nlul.
~UQll am s e c u c o £ l l l Y ~ ~ ~Tht.!IIHIIYJln11lgga,n Iha
fragfllty of the product and lhat grass Is heavy to IJ?!l~d..
rdboard .
z~=p,.Ugbhv,:;lgbl, AMY Jo prtnt on and aa!\IIY disposed ofnr recydad,
 .,,,. ..
PapGf end cardboard can bo lroeled to fulnl portJcutsr funcllons:
.
Am11111" UIMlllr
~ - and 1/Xl!l)b all in< lYIM/S lliJWlpapor or wrapplno up food
.c,,.,1...,J . Cb!li>. hi llcydal~ .. .
[Link].
- - YllrY1!J]llJI.
\lfY ml10...llitl~ rucyolll!!O l°ffQIG~cis
[Link].
[Link]~
.fswl-P"Cl~-

• Greaseproof paper Ii! VMld lor IBUy products.

• Waxed baa! l!PIJtala oeme1s,
• Cnrtons are lad for packaging llgt!~
Cardboard~ !I'll _11!~!'.!!Y.~ rlgjd Md ~ -Ile [Link] In many shepee
IVld s~ _to sui!.v!'i¥_1f19- ~ >

., nation 'dl3COYered' poper and dlBOJBB It In dass.

1. And out which
2. Collect some wastnpaper and make your own recycled paper.
Plutlc
Plestlc conlalners come In a wide range of sizes and shapM. Modom plastlca
can be recycled,
There ive six types of plastlo. Here are 80ll1e:
PVC - Polyvtny/Chlorlde TJlls plasUo la quite bltllle and la used for blister
pocks. A thin fllm la heated up end forms a wcuum oYer the (l(Oduc'I.
PS - Polystyrene This plastic Is U8ad for protection.
PP - Polypropylene This plastlo Is tough and 11gld and used to make aqueezy
bottles for sauces. .
LDPE - Polyth- 1hla la a ~ t y plasllo u1141d for courier bags and bin
llnenl.

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1. Collecl a 1/iiifety ofl plaallc packaging Md lhen classlfy your oolleotion undor
the typee mentioned eb0'18,
Complete:
Do the follOWlng: .
1. a) Give an example ol o food packaged In esc::h or the dlaa ISaed In
this activity,
b) Wny do you think lhe manufacturer hes selected 1hls type of malarial lclf
Iha llp8Ctllo producf1 .
2. Orange Juice can be packaged In vanooa dlflllrent malel1ala.
a) Ust the packaging malal1ale lhat can be used.
b) Give the advantages and dlsadvanlllgee of each material.
3. Envtronmenta1 groups advl11G people •
ways that YoU could reduce rnu.e to reduce, f8US&, recyde'. &igges,
household. ' and rec,,de •~e pee• glng In yoo,

4. Design a package and consider th- requlrum-•-

• Shape -•'°·
-Paolcages should be made to ffl naaUy on the 60_ . . . , _ ....
• Size .-.:"-= '"""'·
· - The ~ q should be eppl'Ol)!laie fDr lhovolume of the producl to
IM>ld wastage of materlale.
• Colour
-Colour Is Important as h oommunlcotes ITl98aoges to lhe consumer.
• Graphlca
- The 111tyte of graphloa rvllects lh8 Image ol lhe product.

Designers of peclulQlng must dtMllop sldls to communl<:ale l/lsually, They

should create deslgn111 thol make an Impact.
Logos on packages ere symbol8 Ul88d to adverUee tne produd. Tho most
sue<:eesful logos ere thoee thot are Instantly [Link].
Tuldemerks elao appear on peclcagoe and are reglstijred Images. logol and
~arks create an Identity and are referTed to as iho corporate Identity.
Complete
1. Sketai thr&e common logos and ask yoursoll:
a) Which one Is the most sucx:e6Sfull and wlr{1
'b) Whal do the togoa oommunloale about the oroduot Dr tho company?
2. Design a logo for a shoe compeny to go oo their boxes.
Self-assessment
:rtilnk about how you worked on your own and also a member of the email
- the following lewis t o o - youreelf. Cf:10080 lhe epp,oprlota rating
group. U-
for your ..a ,1eyemenl Wr1te II In tho rallng spaoe pro..ilded
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....... al aclilaWmllll
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