1 Formwork for concrete structures

Chapter 15
Pre-award Formwork Management Issues

Dr. [Link]
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Delhi
 Learning objectives
2

 To understand pre-award formwork management,

 To understand customer/client requirement,
 To understand the tasks involved with the pre contract award
formwork management,
 To be able to estimate the cycle time of formwork activities,
 Understanding the selection of formwork system and formwork,
economy considerations in planning and design stage of a
project, and
 To be able to compute formwork material requirement and
estimate the cost of formwork.
 Formwork management –An overview
3

Formwork initial planning

Pre-award Costing

Value engineering

Upkeep/maintenance
Formwork
Management
Detailed formwork planning

Training of crew and supervisor

Post-
award Accountability of materials

Executing the formwork activities

Mobilization and demobilization of

material
Tasks involved
Tasks involved with the pre contract award formwork management

Study of customer requirement

Study of drawings, layouts of the structure and specifications
Construction schedule and the time available for formwork activities
Available materials, constraints if any
Evaluation of information
Estimate of cycle time of formwork activities
Selection of Formwork system
Formwork scheme preparation
Formwork economy consideration
Consideration of factors for form reuse
Computations of Formwork material requirement
Cost estimation of formwork materials
Computations of unit rates for various formwork items
 Contents of specifications
5

 Details of submittals to be provided by the contractor, for example:

 working drawings,

 shop drawings,

 material specifications, and manufacturer’s specifications,

 installation instructions for each type of form work, accessory and

 plan of reshoring

 Reference to code for design and construction of formwork

 Formwork design related information such as:

 The loads and lateral pressure

 The maximum deflection

 Instructions on formwork detailing and fabrication, Instruction on required

dimensions, plumb, and joints
 Instructions on supervision of formwork activities
 Contents of specifications contd..
6

 Instruction on delivery, storage, protection, and handling, of formwork

materials. Acceptance criteria of formwork materials.
 Prior to commencement of the work, existing dimensions, elevations, locations
and conditions applicable to the work shall be field verified.
 Instruction on time allowed between erection of forms and placing of
concrete for the various trades to properly install their work.
 Instruction on application of load on recently cast concrete.
 Specifications for lumber, sheathing material, and shoring , Panels shall be
fabricated in conformance with the approved submittals.
 Specifications for formwork accessories, such as form ties, hangers, clamps,
Lugs, cones, washers, Form liners or other devices
 Specifications for triangular fillets if applicable
 Instructions for cleaning and maintaining formwork materials.
 Contents of specifications contd..
7
 Instructions on horizontal and vertical joints
 Instruction on Rustications
 Instruction on inspections for cleanliness and accuracy of alignment prior to
placement of concrete
 Instruction on location, snugness and tightness of joints
 Instruction on level of horizontal joints and plumb of vertical joints
 Instruction on location, size, and construction of openings
 Specification on expansion joint material, water stops, and other
embedded items to be built into forms, and the instruction on their
placement and support against displacement.
 Instruction on filling of voids in sleeves, inserts and anchor slots
 Instruction on setting up of edge forms or bulkheads and intermediate
screed strips for slabs to obtain required elevations and contours in the
finished slab surface.
 Contents of specifications contd..
8
 Instruction on supervision for checking deviations from desired elevation,
alignment, plumpness and camber at the time of concreting.
 Guidelines for taking remedial measures in case at the time of casting,
weakness develops and the formwork shows settlement, deflection or
distortion.
 Specification on form coating material and instructions for their application.
 Instructions on reshoring, permissible loading on reshores, timing of placement
of reshores, instruction on tightening of reshores.
 Instructions and guidelines for removal of forms to insure complete safety to
the structure. Forms, form ties and bracing shall not be removed without
specific permission of the engineer.
 Instructions on removal of top forms on sloping surfaces of concrete so as to not
allow the concrete to sag. Instructions on notification to be given to the
Engineer in cases newly stripped surfaces require patching.
 Instruction on requirement of forms for re use. Instruction on cleaning and re-
oiling of forms prior to re-use.
 Recommended systems to be followed for
different structures in a project
9

S Structure involved in the Recommended systems

No. project
1 Multistoried building with story Prop system with steel plates
height less than about 4 m or plywood depending on
repetition
2 Factory, Shed with floor height Tower system of staging with
more than 4 m steel plates or ply depending
on repetition
3 Tall structures like Silo, Chimney Climbing formwork or
slipforming
4 Shell roof Tower with ply/timber
5 Bridge or Dam Study different possibilities
and choose
 Formwork Economy Considerations In
Planning And Design Stage Of A Project
10

 Simple layout, uniform bay sizes

 Choosing suitable materials
 Choosing proper sizes of members
 Enhancing the number of repetitions of members
 Reducing the size of members
 Matching the edges of Beams and Columns
 Planning for maximum reuse
 Factors To Be Considered In Planning For Form
Reuse In Building Construction
11

 Some of the factors to be considered essential in

planning for form reuse in building construction are
 division of regions;
 allocation of tower cranes,

 number of form sets prepared,

 number of labor crews etc.

 Division of regions for form reuse
12

 The total area which is covered by full sets of

modular formwork is defined as a region.
 Each region is assumed to have the same number of
building units such as wall, column, beam, and slab.
 In a multistoried building there could be single or
several regions in a building floor.
 The reuse of form materials is dependent on the
number of regions in a floor, the number of floors,
and the number of such buildings in a project and
several other projects.
 Single building of n floors and 1 region
13

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡

= 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑠 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝑛 × 1

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑠
=𝑑×1×𝑛
 Single building of n floors and 2 regions
14

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡

= 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑠 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝑛 ×2
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
= 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 × 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑠
=𝑑×2×𝑛
 Allocation of tower cranes
15

 Depending on the nature of work, the following

assignment of tower crane could be adopted at a
given site.
A single tower crane being assigned to a single region
as shown in Fig 2.
 A single tower crane being assigned to multiple regions
as shown in Fig 3.
 Multiple tower cranes being assigned to single region
as shown in Fig 4.
 Multiple tower cranes being assigned to multiple
regions as shown in Fig 5.
 A single tower crane being assigned to a single
region
16
 A single tower crane being assigned to
17
multiple regions
 Multiple tower cranes being assigned to
18
single region
 Multiple tower cranes being assigned to
19
multiple regions
 Number of form sets prepared.
20

 Dependent on a number of factors such as

 area to be covered within available time,

 cycle time for formwork operations, and

 number of working days in a week.

 In conventional formwork system, the number of sets is defined

as the total number of forms required to cover one floor of a
building.
 In the case of modular formwork, the total number of sets here
is the total number of form sets mobilized to cover one region.
 Depending on the movement of form the number of sets can be
decided.
 Number of labor crews
21

 The labor crews are required for such tasks as form

and steel erection, the concrete pouring, etc.
 The number of labor crews available definitely
influences the choice of form reuse scheme.
 Increasing the number of crews can improve the
productivity of the operation, but only if the building
floors are appropriately divided and adequate
numbers of cranes and form sets are properly
allocated.
 Computations of Formwork Material Requirement
22

Steps in the  Step 1: From the construction schedule

computation
of formwork prepared at the time of tendering the
material duration of activities involving RCC is
requirement
found out.
 The distribution of different formwork
items can be obtained from the bill of
quantity if it is available. In case the
BOQ is not available, the quantities can
be estimated based on some
assumptions.
 Construction schedule for the project
23
 Break up (for planning purpose)
24

Break up of S Type of formwork The

different No required percentage of
formwork total
items for a
typical formwork
building area
project 1 Foundation 5%
2 Column 10%
3 Wall 15%
4 Slab and beam 65%
5 Domes/ Precast element 5%
if any
 Formwork Material Planning

Type of elements Total M1 M2 M3 …… Mn

Footings/Raft/Pile
caps
Walls
Columns
Beams and
Slabwith floor
height up to 4.5 m
Beams and
Slabwith floor
height more than
4.5 m
Access
scaffolding
 Step 3 The month-wise break up of
26
formwork items for the project

Sl. No. Type of Total Month-wise split up of quantity of

elements quantity formwork planned to be executed
1 2 3 4 5
01 Footings/Raft/Pi 4,796 4,796
le caps
02 Walls 44,667 8933.4 8933.4 8933.4 8933.4 8933.4
03 Columns 11,352 2270.4 2270.4 2270.4 2270.4 2270.4
04 Beams and Slab 41,479 8295.8 8295.8 8295.8 8295.8 8295.8
with floor
height up to 4.5
m
05 Beams and Slab 16,328 3265.6 3265.6 3265.6 3265.6 3265.6
with floor
height more
than 4.5 m
06 Staircase 2,706 541.2 541.2 541.2 541.2 541.2
 Step 4
27

Typical Type of formwork Possible Cycle Time

possible
usage and
elements usage (days)
cycle time Footings/Raft 8 uses / 3
for various month
formwork Walls 5 uses/ 5
activities month
Columns 8 uses / 3
month
Beams and Slabs 2 15
uses/mont
h
 Step 5
28

 The formwork area to be catered or mobilised for various

formwork items can be estimated based on the total area to
be executed in a month, cycle time, and number of working
days in a month.
 Example:
 A=1000 m2 of wall formwork area in a month.
 the cycle time for wall formwork to be 5 days and
 number of working days in a month =25

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ×𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
 Step 6
29

 The above step has yielded the overall area to be

mobilized for a given formwork type on a monthly
basis. This in itself is not sufficient. One would also
require the breakup of major material types for
accurate costing. For example, how much is the
requirement of plywood, timber, and steel for the
total project? Similarly what is the requirement of
scaffolding material and so on?
 Formwork Cost Planning
Type of elements Total Area to Investme Timber Plywood Labor
area be nt in purchase purchase and
catered steel plant
cost per
sqm
Footings/Raft/Pile
caps
Walls
Columns
Beams and Slabwith
floor height up to 4.5
m
Beams and Slabwith
floor height more than
4.5 m

Access scaffolding
 Thumb rules for assessing requirement of
formwork materials
31

Item Description Steel Timbe H-16

Kg/sq r Rm/sq
m Cft/sq m
m
Footings/Raft/Pile caps 20 3 N.A.*
Walls 60 0.2 3.5
Columns 100 0.2 7.0
Beams and Slab with floor height up to 4.5 m 25 1 4.0
Beams and Slab with floor height 6m Ht 75 1 3.5

Access scaffolding (Area in elevation) 16

Assembly of HDT
 Example
32

 Wall formwork area to be mobilized = 200 m2 for

a cycle time of 5 days and 25 working days in a
month.
 The requirement of steel = 60 kg/m2 = 60 x 200 =
12000 kg
 The requirement of timber = 0.2 cft/m2= 0.2 x 200 =
40 cft,
 The requirement of H-16 beam =3.5 m/m2 = 3.5 x
200 = 700 m.
 Case study
33
 Case study- Formwork workings
34

Formwork Duration Cycle Time Area to be

[Link] Description AS Per BOQ Unit
System in Months in days Catered

1 Foundation 4,796 L&T - Floor forms m2 1 3 586

L&T - Column
2 Columns 11,352 m2 5 3 377
FW

3 RC walls 44,667 L&T - Wall FW m2 5 7 2,586

4 Flat slab 41,479 L&T - Flex Table m2 5 10 8,296

Conventional beams
5 16,328 L&T - BFS,HDT m2 5 14 1,996
& slab
6 Staircase 2,706 L&T Flex m2 5 14 331

Summary 121,328 m2 14,171

 Case study- Formwork workings
35

Duration Cycle
Formwork Area to be
[Link] Description AS Per BOQ Unit in Time in
System Catered
Months days

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
L&T - Floor
1 Foundation 4,164 m2 1 3 573
forms
L&T - Column
2 Columns 15,031 m2 6 3 498
FW
3 RC walls 33,564 L&T - Wall FW m2 6 7 1,678

4 Flat slab 68,545 L&T - Flex Table m2 6 10 6,528

conventional
5 32,049 L&T - BFS,HDT m2 6 14 3,205
Beams & slab
6 Staircase 5,099 L&T Flex m2 6 14 510

Summary 158,452 m2 12,992

 Details of formwork direct cost
36
 Material Cost
37

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 − 𝑆𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑝 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 − 𝑆𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑝 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 × 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
=
𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠
 Plywood costing-Three cases
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
 Area to be catered  Area to be catered •Area to be catered
1000sqm 1000sqm 1000sqm
 Area mobilized for  Area mobilized for •Area mobilized for 200
40 sqm based on 200 sqm based on
cycle time and total cycle time and total sqm based on cycle time
duration available duration available and total duration
 Total repetition  Total repetition available
possible possible •Total repetition
=100040=25 =1000200=5 possible =1000200=5
 Since plywood  In case you are not In case this plywood is
cannot last for this able to make use of further used for some
many repetition, take this plywood at the
cost of plywood per project site, Take other application at the
sqm as: cost of plywood per project, take cost of
1.05*plywood cost sqm as: 1.05* plywood per sqm as:
12, where 5% is plywood cost 5, 1.05*plywood cost 12,
the wastage and 12 where 5% is the
is the reptn. wastage and 5 is where 5% is the wastage
the reptn. and 12 is the total reptn.
 Thumb rules for assessing labour requirement
39

Item Description manhour/m2 (for

labour)

Footings/Raft/Pile caps 0.9

Walls 1.7

Columns 1.8

Beams and Slab with floor height up to 4.5 m 1.5 (Slab and Beam)
0.8 (Flat slab)
Beams and Slab with floor height 6m Ht 2 (Slab and Beam)

Access scaffolding (Area in elevation) 0.2

Assembly of HDT
 Generic Template for Preparing Estimate of
Unit Rate for 1 m2 of Formwork
S. No. Item Amount (Rs.)
Description

01 Steel 𝐶×𝐼×𝑅
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 =
𝑁
Where,
C=𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚2
I=𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑘𝑔
R=R𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
N=Number of uses in a month
Altt.
𝐶×𝐿
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 =
𝑁
Where,
C=𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚2
L=Leased rental or hire charges 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑘𝑔
N=Number of uses in a month
40
 Generic Template for Preparing Estimate of
Unit Rate for 1 m2 of Formwork…contd..

S. No. Item Amount (Rs.)

Description
02 Timber 𝐶×𝑃
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 =
𝑁
Where,
C=𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑚3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚2
I=𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚3
N=Maximum number of uses envisaged
03 Plywood 𝐶×𝑃
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 =
𝑁
Where,
C=𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑚2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚2
P=𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚2
N=Maximum number of uses envisaged

41
 Generic Template for Preparing Estimate of
Unit Rate for 1 m2 of Formwork…contd..

S. No. Item Amount (Rs.)

Description
04 H-16 beam 𝐶×𝐼×𝑅
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐻 − 16 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 =
𝑁
Where,
C=𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐻 − 16 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚2
I=𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐻 − 16 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 𝑚2
R=R𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
N=Number of uses in a month
05 Consumable- 𝑊×𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠 =
nails 𝑁
Where,
W=Weight of nails in kg for 1m2
C=𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑘𝑔
N=Number of reuse envisaged for the form

42
 Generic Template for Preparing Estimate of
Unit Rate for 1 m2 of Formwork…contd..

S. No. Item Amount (Rs.)

Description
06 Consumable- 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝐶 × 𝐶𝑜
Form coating Where,
agent C=𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑒
Co=𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑚2 of 1 litre from coating
agent
07 Labour charges 𝐶
𝐿𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 =
for making 𝑁
Where,
C=Cost of making 1 m2 of form
N=Number of reuse envisaged for the form
08 Labour charges 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ′ 𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
for fixing and
removing 1 m2

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 Generic Template for Preparing Estimate of
Unit Rate for 1 m2 of Formwork…contd..

S. No. Item Amount (Rs.)

Description
09 Overhead 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
and profit

10 Unit rate/m2 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒

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