Chapter-3
Methodology
This study focused on “ the challenges and opportunities of orphan's education”. This chapter
consisted of research method, population and sample, instrumentation, procedure and data analysis.
Research Method
This study was conducted with a mixed-methods approach (exploratory sequential) to
investigate the challenges and opportunities of orphan's education. It uses a quantitative phase with a
questionnaire survey, followed by a qualitative phase involving open-ended questions, and interviews
to gather in-depth information. The study sample includes _____ schools, 500 children(quantitative),
_____ founders (open-ended questions), and _____ individuals (parents and teachers) (interviews)
from these schools.
Detailed Methodology
Tashakkori and Teddlie (1998) defined mixed methods as the combination of “qualitative and
quantitative approaches in the methodology of a study” (p. ix). Mixed methods research is defined as
research in which the investigator collects and analyzes data, integrates the findings, and draws
inferences using both qualitative and quantitative approaches or methods in a single study or a program
of inquiry. (Tashakkori & Creswell, 2007b, p. 4) In the exploratory sequential approach the researcher
first begins with a qualitative research phase and explores the views of participants. The data are then
analyzed, and the information used to build into a second, quantitative phase. The qualitative phase
may be used to build an instrument that best fits the sample under study, to identify appropriate
instruments to use in the follow-up quantitative phase, to develop an intervention for an experiment,
to design an app or website, or to specify variables that need to go into a follow-up quantitative study.
Particular challenges to this design reside in focusing in on the appropriate qualitative findings to use
and the sample selection for both phases of research.
The researcher bases the inquiry on the assumption that collecting diverse types of data best
provides a more complete understanding of a research problem than either quantitative or qualitative
data alone. The study begins with a broad survey in order to generalize results to a population and then,
in a second phase, focuses on qualitative, open-ended interviews to collect detailed views from
participants to help explain the initial quantitative survey.
A mixed methods design is useful when the quantitative or qualitative approach, each by itself,
is inadequate to best understand a research problem and the strengths of both quantitative and
qualitative research (and its data) can provide the best understanding. For example, a researcher may
want to both generalize the findings to a population as well as develop a detailed view of the meaning
of a phenomenon or concept for individuals. In this research, the inquirer first explores generally to
learn what variables to study and then studies those variables with a large sample of individuals.
Example of mixed methods studies
A researcher collects data on quantitative instruments and on qualitative data reports based on
focus groups to see if the two types of data show similar results but from different perspectives. (the
study of food safety knowledge, practices, and beliefs in Hispanic families with young children by
Stenger, Ritter-Gooder, Perry, and Albrecht, 2014.)
Population and Sample
The study focuses orphans care centers on the vicinity of Yangon, mainly on three selected
orphan care centers among others. Primary data will be collected from four orphans care centers with
target population of 300 of orphaned students and 1 house guardians from two selected orphan care
centers and 4 headmasters, and 13 teachers from public schools where the orphans are studying. The
scope of this study is to explore the selected quality education of two orphaned care centers students
in Yangon Region, and therefore it will not go beyond scope and limitation of the study.
Demographic data of headmaster and teacher
Instrumentation
For quantitative study, based on Orphan and Vulnerable Children wellbeing tool (OVC)
(Shannon Senefeld, Susan Strasser & James Cambell, 2009) ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________, a set of questionaries was
developed to collect the information about….