NOTE MAKING 8 MARKS

Attempting question on Note making and summary:

Note making is a useful skill which comes in handy not

only in attempting questions but also in preparing you for
life. Notes form an essential part of your academic life &
help you in the following ways.
Notes help you to remember the information you have
gathered.
Notes come in handy for making quick revision before
exams
Lengthy lessons can be condensed in to short relevant
pieces by making notes.
Notes help in understanding the texts better
How to make notes

The students are required to read the passage to get a gist of the
passage, to know what it is all about, or what the theme is.

The main idea or the central theme of the passage should be found
out.

The important points related to the main theme are noted.

Add the sub-points which supplement the main points. There is no

need to give examples.

Pay attention to the way you would like to present the notes, There is a
proper format for note making you have to follow it & make your notes in
the proper format.

Use abbreviations wherever necessary.

Use proper indentation to present the notes as shown in the next slide.
1. ---------------------------------------------
[a] ----------------------------------
i) ------------------------------
ii) ------------------------------
[b] ----------------------------------
[c] ----------------------------------
2. ----------------------------------------------
[a]……………………………………….
[b]……………………………………….
[c]……………………………………….
_____________________________________OR
1. --------------------------------------------
1.1……………………………………….
1.2……………………………………….
1.2.1 ------------------------------
1.2.2 ------------------------------
1.3……………………………………….
2. ---------------------------------------------
2.1……………………………………….
2.2……………………………………….
2.3……………………………………….

The points can be numbered in different ways, but numbering should be consistent.
Complete sentences should not be written.
Abbreviation and symbols used :-

Abbreviations help in writing the information briefly. The following are some of
the ways in which you can use abbreviations.

1) Capitalized initial information:-

E.g. U.N. for United Nation M.L.A. [Link] M.P. U.S.A.
2) Taking the first two letters of the words :-
Sc. --- Science
Pract --- Practical
Edu --- Education
3)Taking the first and the last two letters of the word:-
rdng --- Reading
admn --- Administration
pds --- Periods
4)Symbol that are universally recognized:-
ie: That is
E.g : For example
5)Arithmetic symbol--
% percentage
+ ive positive
< > less than or greater than
Summary writing:-

These notes should be linked with each other in a proper

sequence to form a summary.
 The summary should be written in 80-100 words.
Use third person indirect speech and the past tense
wherever possible.
It should be short/brief and to the point. Write the
summary with the help of the notes you have already made.

Marking Scheme of Note making

Notes [04 Marks]
Summary [04 Marks]

Note:- If notes are not given, then no separate marks for

summary will be given.
Read the following passage carefully:-

1 The work of the heart can never be interrupted The heart’s job is to keep
oxygen rich blood flowing through the body. All the body’s cells need a constant
supply of Oxygen, especially those in the brain. The brain cells live only four to
five minutes after their oxygen is cut off, and death comes to the entire body.

2 The heart is a specialized muscle that serves as a pump. This pump is divided
into four chambers connected by tiny doors called valves. The chambers work to
keep the blood flowing round the body in a circle.

3 At the end of each circuit, veins carry the blood to the right atrium, the first of
the four chambers 2/5 oxygen by then is used up and it is on its way back to the
lung to pick up a fresh supply and to give up the carbon dioxide it has
accumulated. From the right atrium the blood flow through the tricuspid valve into
the second chamber, the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts when it is
filled, pushing the blood through the pulmonary artery, which leads to the lungs –
in the lungs the blood gives up its carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen.
Then it travels to the third chamber the left atrium. When this chamber is filled it
forces the blood through the a valve to the left ventricle. From here it is pushed
into a big blood vessel called aorta and sent round the body by way of arteries.
4 Heart disease can result from any damage to the heart muscle, the valves or
the pacemaker. If the muscle is damaged, the heart is unable to pump properly.
If the valves are damaged blood cannot flow normally and easily from one
chamber to another, and if the pacemaker is defective, the contractions of the
chambers will become un-coordinated.

5 Until the twentieth century, few doctors dared to touch the heart. In 1953 all this
changed. After twenty years of work, Dr. John Gibbon in the USA had
developed a machine that could take over temporarily from the heart and lungs.
Blood could be routed through the machine bypassing the heart so that
surgeons could work inside it and see what they were doing. The era of open
heart surgery had began.

6 In the operating theatre, it gives surgeons the chance to repair or replace a

defective heart. Many patients have had plastic valves inserted in their hearts
when their own was faulty. Many people are being kept alive with tiny battery
operated pacemakers; none of these repairs could have been made without the
heart – lung machine. But valuable as it is to the surgeons, the heart lung
machine has certain limitations. It can be used only for a few hours at a time
because its pumping gradually damages the bloods cells.
On the basis of your reading of the passage make notes on it, using recognizable
abbreviations wherever necessary and a suitable format. Give an appropriate title.

HEART: INTEGRAL TO LIFE

1. Function of Heart
a) Vital for living
(i) never stops working.
b) Supplies oxygen rich blood to diff. parts of the body.
2. Structure of the heart
a) div. 4 chambers connected by valves
b) Blood purified in the lungs.
c) Arteries carry pure blood to diff. parts of the body.
3. Heart disease – causes
a) Weak muscles
b) Defve valves
c) Defve pace maker
4. History of open heart Surgery.
a) 1953 – Dr. Gibbon inv. Heart lung machine
b) Blood could pass through the machine
c) Enabled open heart surgery
d) Limitations
(i) can be used only for a few hrs. at a time.
(ii) damages blood cells.
Abbreviations used:
Diff. Different
inv. Invented
div. Division
defve Defective
hist. History
hrs. Hours

Summary:-
The heart is a vital organ of the body, which never stop working. It supplies
oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body. It is divided into four chambers inter
connected by valves. Blood is purified in the lungs and arteries carry it to
different parts of the body. Heart disease has various cause such as weak
muscles defective valves or a defective pace maker. The era of open-heart
surgery began in 1953 when Dr. Gibbon developed the heart lung machine.
Replacement of valves and other areas of a damaged heart is now possible.
 Passage II
Read the following passage carefully.
The great wall of China is said to be the one structure built on the earth by
man, which is visible from the moon. It covers a distance of 1500 miles. From
the Liaotung Peninsula Westward to the last fortress in Central Asia, it crosses
the northern province of China.

In the eastern section its height varies from 15 to 30 feet, and its width from
about 25 feet at the bottom to 15 feet at the top, where there is a pathway wide
enough for six horse– men to ride side by side protected by parapets. When
the wall was first built it had about 25000 towers each 40 feet square and 40
feet high projecting from it every few hundred yards, with holes from which the
defenders could shoot at attackers. There were also many watch-towers on the
enemy side, outside the wall on hilltops or passes. These and the towers of the
wall were used for signalling with smoke or flags by day & with fire by night.

The great Emperor Shih Huang Li joined these earlier frontier walls to form a
great wall to act as boundary between China & the north and keep out the
feared nomads of The Mangolian Steppes. The wall was designed to
strengthen the nation’s defenses. Later it became, in Ming times, a substitute
for a strong army and state.
Construction was started in about 221 B.C. and the structure was practically
completed when Shih Huang Li died in 210 B.C. The man who contributed most
in carrying out the emperor’s plans was General Meng Ledn who, in 221 B.C., led
an expedition against the Tartars and drove them back from the Yellow River into
the Steppes, and set his men to work on building the wall. They were later joined
by thousands of Convicts. Year in and year out, in icy winds and snow storms in
winter, and in dust storms in summer, the work went on and so many men died.
The wall therefore was sometimes called the Longest Cemetery in the world. The
core of the wall is earth and stone, faced with bricks and set in a stone
foundation. In hilly place the design was altered; two parallel ditches were dug out
of the rake, 25 feet apart and great blocks of stone were laid in the benches to a
height of several feet. Along each said of these stones, baked bricks about 2 feet
long were laid at right angles to the face of the wall, joined together with a white
mortal so hard that no nail could be driven in to it.

Emperor Wu Ti (140-86 B.C.) resumed work on the wall and extended it to its
greatest length The Emperors of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1386-1644) carried out
work on the wall repairing its whole length and establishing new wall west of the
yellow river. The Wing dynasty, which now exists dates from the Ming.
But many of the foundation are nearly 2000 years old
Hints:-
Title China Wall: The invincible Fortress

[Link] of the unique wall

(a) huge wall
(i) ----------on earth --------
(b) covers-------------
(c) width 25 fit. -------------
(d) 25000 towers --------------

[Link] for building

(a) bldng.------------
(b) Ming’s times------------

[Link]. of the wall

(a) foundation in stone
(b) core-------------
(c) hilly places
(i) Two parallel--------------
(ii) Strengthened--------------
4. Hist. of construction & development of the wall.
a) Began in ----------------------------
b) Gen. Meng tien helped --------------------
(i) used workers & convicts
c) Emperor -----------------------
d) Emperor of Meng -------------

Abbreviations used/key to abbreviations: -

Struct. == structure
Dist. == distance
Ft. == feet
Wh. == Which
Notes :-
1) Abbreviations (at least 04) must be part of your notes. Other wise 01
mark may be deducted.
2) Title must also be written in the beginning. It carries 01 marks
Summary: -
The great wall of -------------- from the moon , covers ------------ miles. It had
25000 towers --------------- attackers. It is ----------------- stone faced --------------
The construction ------------------------- completed in 210 B.C. general ------------
--- workers & convicts --------------- extended by emperor Wuti & Ming dynasty