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Mitosis: Stomach Cell Production

The document explains the processes of mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their roles in cell division. Mitosis produces identical body cells for growth and repair, while meiosis generates gametes with genetic variety through reduction division. Each process consists of distinct stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, with cytokinesis completing the division.

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4 views2 pages

Mitosis: Stomach Cell Production

The document explains the processes of mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their roles in cell division. Mitosis produces identical body cells for growth and repair, while meiosis generates gametes with genetic variety through reduction division. Each process consists of distinct stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, with cytokinesis completing the division.

Uploaded by

Hannah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MITOSIS

 Produces body cells, like skin cells and stomach cells.


 Makes identical cells.
 Important for growth and repair of damage.
 Mitosis is a very short amount of time in the entire cycle.
 Mitosis (10%); Interphase (90%)- the growth, DNA replication, and the cell functions., they’re
duplicating their DNA.
 Interphase happens before the mitosis.
 But mitosis is a very critical process because it is where it is going to divide and make more cells.

MITOSIS STAGE OF DIVISION

 P (prophase)- M (metaphase)- A (anaphase)- T (telophase)


 Prophase- “pro” means before.
o Because it’s the beginning step, the nucleus is still there.
o The chromosomes are visible, in fact we can say that they are condensing, which means
they are thickening and visible.
 Metaphase- “m” for middle.
o In this stage, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
o The nucleus has been disassembled, and it’s no longer there.
 Anaphase- “a” for away.
o The chromosomes move away.
o They are moving to the opposite side of the cell.
o They are not moving by themselves. They actually have something called spindles (fibers
that help move the chromosomes to the ends).
 Telophase- “t” for two.
o The chromosomes are finally at the end of the opposite ends.
o New nuclei are forming at each side to make these two new cells.
o The nuclei are starting to surround the chromosomes on both sides
 Now, cytokinesis is responsible for the final separation for the two cells by splitting the
cytoplasm.
MEIOSIS

 A process that contributes the genetic variety.


 Does not make body cells.
 It makes sperm and egg cells, in other words gametes.
 This is what we call a reduction division because you have a starting cell that have a 46
chromosome and your ending cells (sperm and egg cells) has only 23 chromosomes.
 There are some human cells that don’t have 46 chromosomes, human sperm cells and egg cells
have 23 chromosomes.
 Interphase happens before the meiosis.
 That means you need to duplicate your chromosomes first.
 Still use the term PMAT.
 But because this is a reduction division, you’re going from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes,
meaning you have to divide these twice.
 Prophase 1- the chromosomes will thicken and line up to their homologous pairs (approximately
has the same size and maintain the same type of genes, and the same locations.).
o The crossing over process occurs.
o They have this way that they can transfer their genetic information and exchange
between each other.
 Metaphase 1- chromosomes are now going to the middle of the cell.
o It’s a little bit different from mitosis because this time, these chromosomes are gonna be
in pairs.
 Anaphase 1- the chromosomes are going to pulled away by the spindle fibers.
 Telophase 1- there will be two newly form nuclei that ends the meiosis 1 with two new cells.
 Prophase 2- they’re not gonna have a homologous pair.
o Nor the cross over process.
o They’re already divided into two nuclei.
 Metaphase 2- the chromosomes are going to line up together in the middle.
o This time though, they are not single-fine line.
o They are not in pairs unlike to metaphase 1.
 Anaphase 2- this time, it’s gonna be chromatids that gonna be pulled away by the spindle fibers.
 Telophase 2- you can see that the nuclei are reforming.
o You can also see that the two cells are divided into two, making four cells.
o Cytokinesis will follow to completely split the cytoplasm.

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