TEAM 8

Martin Malak Alfy

(political, economic)(threat of substitute)
Ghoprial William Ghoprial
(legal) (bargaining power of suppliers)
Omar Wael Mohamed
(social) (threat of new entrants)
Fatma Ahmed Hassanen
(technological) (competitive rivalry)
Omar Magdy Gamal
(environmental)
(bargaining power of buyers)

PESTEL ANALYSIS &

PORTER’S FIVE Submitted to
Dr/ Esraa Fathi
FORCES
REALESTATE SECTOR
 1-PESTEL Analysis
1. Political
•Political stability: After the 2014 presidential elections, Egypt's political situation stabilized internally, resulting in rapid
growth in the real estate market and increased demand for real [Link] the world instability about
wars around us that led to come many refugees in Egypt with great numbers like syrian, sudanese,
eritrean & other nations That incearse demand & price of properties & renting. Also, thes make an
negative impact on Stability& many problems like growth rate , inflation & unemployment that
have bad impact on Real estate sector .
•Government policies: The government put various policies in the real estate sector to regulate & control the market,
attract local & foreign investment, and fulfill market needs. The state represented by the Ministry of
Housing and the Urban Communities Authority is moving at a clear pace to implement an
integrated plan for social and medium housing through the one million housing units project, of which
about 630,000 units have been completed so far, in addition to other social housing projects being
implemented, noting that more than 20 billion pounds have been spent on these housing projects
and pointed out that the initiative of the Central Bank to support the financing of housing units for
low-income people, with facilities of up to 20 years.
The Egyptian government is making significant investments in infrastructure.
Egypt has a plan to build up to fourteen new smart cities throughout the country. According to the Minister of
Housing, Egypt completed infrastructure projects worth about LE 1.7 trillion (approximately US 106.25
billion) in less than two years. The government is also upgrading airports, ports, and transportation.
networks. In total, the Ministry of Transport has around25 projects in the railway sector in the pipeline.
The government’s top priority is to connect the cities with decent transportation means and to develop
the roads and ports for industrial expansions. Egypt has announced the construction of a high-speed train to connect the whole
country through different phases. This project was contracted to Siemens as a main contractor with a value of $8.7 billion.
•Corruption: One of the real estate market's biggest dangers and its detrimental effects. There are many cases of corruption
in the real estate industry, for example when it breaking building codes and permits, putting people
in risk or using poor supplies to cut costs. According to a report issued by the Ministry of Local
Development monitoring the period between 2000 and 2017, the number of violating buildings in all
regions of the Republic reached about two million and 800 thousand buildings out of about 13.5million
buildings in Egypt in that period, according to the 2017 census, amounting to 21% of the total number of buildings in Egypt.
There are about 14,000 cases of bribery and receiving money from officials in exchange for reconciliation procedures on real
estate, units, and buildings that violate the law in exchange for obtaining licenses for them, which do not conform to
specifications and lack security and safety requirements.
•Tax policies: The new real estate tax law is Law No. 196 of 2023, which repeals the previous Law No. 117 of 2008, and
regulates the tax on real estate subject to fair value. Fair value means the value at which a property can be sold in a free market
between two parties who are independent and equal in rights and obligations. This law will be implemented from the fiscal
year 2024/2025, and will include all real estate in Egypt, whether residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other.
This value is determined by a tripartite panel of real estate experts. real estate: The tax rate ranges between 0.1% and 0.3% of
the fair value of the [Link] Real Estate: The tax rate ranges between 0.2% and 0.5% of the fair value of the
[Link] real estate: The tax rate ranges between 0.05% and 0.1% of the fair value of the property.
•Foreign Trade: Due to a higher exchange rate and a lack of foreign cash, Egypt has numerous difficulties in foreign trade.
However, the import of building materials and raw materials makes international trade critical to the real estate industry.
Egypt’s foreign trade reached approximately $104.7bn in the fiscal year 2023/2024, as reported by the Central Bank of Egypt
This total comprises $72.1bn in imports and $32.6bn in exports, marking a significant volume of trade with global partners.
With over 15 ports and the Suez Canal, Egypt enjoys numerous advantages in international trade.
2. Economic
•Economic Growth: Real estate is considered the most important sector that influences economics globally and promotes
economic stability and growth. Furthermore, economic challenges are the biggest threat to the real estate sector's growth. The
world is currently dealing with the most challenging issues, such as the exchange rate, inflation, and wars.
The Ministry of Planning and Economic Development announced the results of economic.
performance during the last quarter of the fiscal year 23/2024, where the real growth rate of
GDP recorded a decline to 2.4% to reach an annual growth rate of 2.4% compared to a
growth rate of 3.8% in the previous fiscal year 22/[Link] slowdown in growth came against
the backdrop of the consequences of the global economic crises. Egypt’s GDP growth rate
for 2023 was 3.76%, a 2.83% decline from 2022. Egypt's GDP growth rate for 2022 was 6.59%, a 3.3% increase from 2021.
Egypt's GDP growth rate for 2021 was 3.29%, a 0.26% decline from [Link]'s GDP growth rate for 2020 was 3.55%, a 2%
decline from 2019. 60.0000
Max of Buy
•Exchange Rates: The impact of exchange rates on real estate has become 50.0000
Max of Sell
a crucial consideration for investors and stakeholders in the global market. 40.0000
Fluctuations in currency value can significantly shape investment decisions,
30.0000
affecting property purchases, valuations, and overall market dynamics. When
20.0000
a country’s currency strengthens, it often results in increased foreign investment,
as the relative value of properties becomes more appealing to overseas buyers. 10.0000
Conversely, a weaker currency can deter foreign investors, leading to decreased 0.0000
demand and affecting property prices. Additionally, the shortage of foreign currency 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

in Egypt affects investment costs while making it more difficult to export building materials. In last five years, Exchange rate
in Egypt has been increased by 212.5%.
•Inflation Rates: Egypt's core inflation rate averaged 12.11%from 2005 to 2025,
reaching an all-time high of 41.00 % in June 2023, and a low of 0.70 % in
July 2020. Real estate and physical asset investors often profit during periods of high
inflation. This is primarily because these tangible assets, like land or collectibles, tend
to increase in value compared to liquid assets like savings that quickly lose value with
inflation. Real estate demand often rises during inflation, leading to higher property prices. But also, inflation has a nega tive
impact on the construction period as costs are floating & will increase and will affect purchasing power.
•Interest Rates: Egypt's base interest rate was last recorded at 27.25 %. Egypt's
interest rate averaged 12.41 percent from 1991 to 2025, reaching an all-time high
of 27.25 % in March 2024 and a record low of 8.25 % in September 2009. The near-term
outlook for real estate has become increasingly clouded due to rising interest rates and
lingering fears of a recession. With rising interest rates and a slowed transaction market,
the commercial real estate sector faces an increased risk of economic distress.
•Disposable Income of Consumers: The report shows that the average income of Egyptian households at the present
time, according to Fitch estimates, is equivalent to 6,000 pounds per month, at 76,000 pounds per year, with expectations fro m
the global institution that this income will become 9,000 pounds per month by 2025, an increase of 3,000 pounds per month,
to record 109,000 pounds annually. The report classified the "middle class" as households whose annual income ranges
between 78,000 pounds per year, or 6.5 thousand pounds per month, and 156,000 pounds per year, or about 13,000 pounds
per month, to become 58.2% of Egyptians in 2025, compared to about 34.3% in 2021. This is extremely low in comparison to
the values of the homes, which caused demand for it to decline.
•Purchasing power: The current rate of purchasing power for Egypt (EGP) is 3. [Link]
means that 1 USD is equivalent to 3.116 EGP in Egypt based on the general cost & standard
of living in Egypt. Purchasing power in Egypt averaged 11863.24 USD from 1990 until 2023,
reaching an all-time high of 16960.57 USD in 2023 and a record low of 8067.11 USD in [Link] reflects changes in the
economy and cost of living.
3. Social
•Population Growth Rates: Egypt has seen extremely fast population growth in the last ten
years, with a 1.56% increase from the previous year. This leads to a higher demand for housing
and real estate services in Egypt. This affects city planning and increases housing prices
and the economy. Because of the high number of people and people from other countries coming to Egypt, the demand for
real estate is extremely high, so prices are extremely high. The current population of Egypt in 2025 is 116,275,465, a 1.56%
increase from [Link] population of Egypt in 2024 was 114,484,252, a 1.57% increase from [Link] population of Egypt
in 2023 was 112,716,598, a 1.56% increase from [Link] population of Egypt in 2022 was 110,990,103, a 1.58%
increase from 2021.
•Careers, Health & Lifestyle: More people are moving to cities to find better jobs, education, and living standards.
This means we need more real estate. Investing in Egypt is seen as valuable for the long term. Many families like to invest
in real estate as something that can be passed down through generations and increase in value over time. Also, gold is a good
investment that increases in value over time.
•Income Levels: The National Council for Wages in Egypt has increased the lowest wage for private sector workers
through regular increases, starting in January 2019 when the monthly rate was 2,400 Egyptian pounds, until it reached 7,000
pounds in March 2025. This leads to higher employment rates, and higher incomes increase the demand for housing, as more
people can buy homes or rent real estate. On the other hand, high unemployment and low wages can lead to lower demand,
which affects real estate prices and rental income a lot, because renting becomes the best option in these situations.
•Workforce and its Distribution According to Economic Activities:
Egypt has a very large workforce, with 33.9 million workers, 82% male and 18% female. Some work in farming, some in
trade, some in building, and some in industry.
4. Technological
•Technology Incentives: increase the efficiency of using artificial intelligence and market analysis to improve
customer decision. The customer experiences using artificial intelligence to display real estate remotely, such as virtual reality,
to facilitate the investor in making purchasing decisions. Smart cities improve infrastructure and resource management, such
as the new administrative capital, using (lot) to improve facilities and service management.
•Innovation: Digital marketing the use of electronic platforms and applications to display real estate and marketing more
easily and more widely. Artificial intelligence and data analysis help in analyzing the market and evaluating prices, which
helps to improve the decision when buying and selling. Sustainable construction the use of technologies for smart
construction and the use of environmentally friendly resources to reduce energy consumption. Blockchain technologies are
data logging systems based on the distribution of information over a decentralized network, making them more secure and
transparent. In real estate
[Link] Contracts: Digital contracts work automatically when the agreed conditions are met, reducing the need for
intermediaries and saving time and costs.
[Link] Estate Property Registration: Reduce forgery and fraud by documenting properties on the blockchain, making it
unmodifiable or manipulatable.
[Link] estate financing and real estate retail: Blockchain can be used to divide real estate properties into “digital tokens”,
allowing individuals to invest in parts of real estate easily.
[Link] and trust: All transactions are permanently registered and can be verified by any party, which reduces legal
disputes and increases security
•Automation: Property management Automation is used in real estate management through intelligent systems to follow
up rents, invoices, maintenance, and automatic updating of tenants. Dealing with customers Using AI applications to respond
to all the customer's messages and inquiries and providing information professionally and quickly to the customer such
as available rents. Booking and sales systems the use of atomization facilitates the process of booking and buying real estate
using platforms that allow the customer to determine the payment method and follow up the procedures easier and
faster to save time.
•R&D Activity: Investment in R&D contributes to improving the quality of real estate, reducing costs, and increasing
efficiency in construction and management processes. With the rapid technological development, it has become necessary
for real estate companies in Egypt to adopt innovative solutions to maintain their competitiveness in the market.
1-Innovative construction resources: Developing construction resources to reduce energy consumption and using
environmentally friendly resources such as eternity bricks and smart concrete.
2-Construction technology: Using smart construction techniques such as 3D printing to create residential units by using AI
to minimize errors when building.
3-Sustainable energy systems: How to use solar energy to improve the efficiency of adaptation and lighting systems to
reduce electricity use.
•Technological changes: Mobile apps related to the real estate industry have also been developed. These apps facilitate
the process of renting, buying, selling, and leasing of property. As a result, the present complications have been overcome,
and now more people have entered the real estate industry, making it big. Augmented Reality is a technology that allows
users to experience a property virtually before buying. This allows them to see if it suits their needs and lifestyle without
buying the property.
5. Environmental
•Sustainability: It is a no-brainer that the real estate sector is among the biggest producers of carbon emissions and the
main causes of global warming. The sector produces 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions, according to Forbes.
To zero in on the issue, interviewed experts regarding the efforts of the Egyptian government and developers to support
sustainability and environment-aware standards and relevant recommendations, to reduce emissions and attract foreign
capital toward the sustainable property sector as a long-term investment that preserves the environment. Real Estate
Development Chamber, notes: “Egypt embarked on a mission 5 years ago to move towards green transformation in most
sectors, especially real estate. The first manifestation of these efforts was the launch of new cities, starting with the New
Administrative Capital, on immense areas with consensual environmental standards, which obligated real estate developers
to maintain harmony in all their projects in each city with Egypt’s environmental and sustainability policies.
•Weather: The weather in Egypt plays a noticeable role in shaping the real estate market, and its impact varies by season
and region. Let us break it down:
[Link] and Summer Destinations (North Coast, Ain Sokhna, Hurghada):
Peak demand in summer: These areas boom during summer as people look for vacation homes or rental properties near the
beach.
Investment appeal: Developers often focus on luxury resorts and summer compounds, driving prices up, especially during
peak seasons.
Off-season slowdown: In winter, demand drops, leading to short-term rental price cuts, but property prices usually remain
stable.
[Link] and Urban Areas:
Steady demand year-round: Cairo’s real estate market is less weather-dependent, as it’s driven by population growth, job
opportunities, and infrastructure projects.
Heat waves: Extremely hot summers might push some high-income buyers to seek homes with better cooling systems, like
in compounds with pools and green spaces.
[Link] Regions and Upper Egypt (Luxor, Aswan):
Seasonal tourism effect: The real estate market is linked to the tourism season, peaking in winter when the weather is cooler.
•Environment laws: Environmental laws in Egypt affect the real estate sector by obliging developers to adhere to
sustainability standards, such as rationalizing energy and water consumption, and using environmentally friendly materials.
Large real estate projects must also submit environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports before approval. This saves costs
to developers, but at the same time it saves the value of sustainable real estate and attracts investors who are looking for
environmentally friendly projects, especially in new cities and coastal areas.
•Climate: The climate affects the real estate, especially with rising temperatures and increasing environmental risks. In
coastal areas such as the North Coast and Ain Sokhna, the demand for summer real estate is increasing, but at the same time,
rising sea levels are forcing developers to use flood-resistant designs. In the new cities, such as the administrative capital, he
remained in the direction of using solar energy, recycling water, and heat-tolerance materials. This created more interest in
sustainable real estate that has been attractive to investors because it not only protects against climate change but also raises
the value of the property in the long term.
•Environment Offsets: In Egypt is affected by the real estate sector because it obliges developers to compensate for any
environmental damage by financing projects such as planting trees or using renewable energy, especially in coastal areas and
reserves. This increases the cost of projects, but in return it raises the value of sustainable real estate that attracts investors
and buyers interested in the environment and helps projects to obtain green building certificates such as the Green Pyramid
system, and this has remained an important element for the success of real estate projects now.
•Natural Resource: Natural resources directly affect the real estate sector, and this increases the value of real estate such:
1-Nature reserves such as Siwa Oasis and Ras Mohammed enhance environmental properties such as tourist lodges.
2-Agricultural Land: IN the Nile Delta, fertile land supports rural real estate, but urban expansion and land reclamation
projects are driving up land prices.
3-Minerals and natural resources: Mineral-rich areas such as the Eastern Desert attract industrial projects such as warehouses
and factories, which increases the demand for nearby real estate.
•Climate Change: Climate change is one of the main challenges affecting the real estate sector in Egypt.
Increased temperatures: Rising temperatures increase the costs of cooling and maintenance of buildings, which affects the
attractiveness of real estate and increases the financial burdens on owners and tenants.
The decline in the value of coastal real estate: Areas such as Alexandria and some areas of the Nile Delta have witnessed
effects due to rising sea levels and coastal erosion, and this has made investors and real estate developers rethink before
pumping their money into coastal projects, for fear of losing the value of the property over time, This has led to a change in
demand in the real estate market, with some buyers and investors avoiding vulnerable coastal properties and opting for more
inland cities such as the New Administrative Capital.
6. Legal
•Discrimination Law: Anti-discrimination laws prohibit any kind of discrimination in all aspects when selling, buying,
renting or financing real estate and not approving unfair loans, which led to companies that deserve to be at the top, such a s
(Talaat Moustafa Company, Nasr City, etc. ... )This is by a law that stipulates equality and non-discrimination among citizens,
which is Law No. 53 of 2014.
•The Antitrust Law: was issued on February 15 by Law No. 3 of 2005 and was amended in 2022. Then the regulations
for the law were issued in 2005 and were amended in 2010, 2016 and 2024. This helped in preventing any type of monopoly
and most of the economy is permitted.
•Employment Law: The Egyptian House of Representatives has enacted laws to regulate the real estate market, most
notably the Real Estate Development Law, which aims to regulate the relationship between the consumer and the real estate
developer, and protect the consumer in light of the expansion of the real estate market, and the joining of new companies that
announce their projects without legal restrictions that oblige them to deliver residential or commercial units to the consumer
on the scheduled date.
•Consumer protection laws: Article 15 of Law No. 181 of 2018 on Consumer Protection stipulates that the sale of real
estate units, contracting for their sale, or the sale or division of lands prepared for construction, shall not be regulated except
after obtaining a building permit in accordance with the provisions of the Building Law issued by Law No. 119 of 2008.
•Intellectual Property Law: and Copyright Law in Egypt Protecting ideas has become more important because the
rapid growth of the world has made it realize the need for intellectual property protection. They mentioned that one of the
frameworks in Egypt is the commitment to international standards such as the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights. This agreement confirms Egypt's commitment to fostering a world where intellectual property
rights will remain.
•Health and safety Law: Health and safety laws in the field of real estate target many things such as protecting workers
in the field of construction and building. The state imposed a law on business owners to provide a safe environment for
workers and use safe equipment and safety clothing such as helmets and protective shoes. Which is Law No. 12 of 2003, Law
No. 119 of 2008 also imposing companies to adhere to engineering standards to prevent the property from collapsing during
natural disasters, obligating property and building owners to put safety means such as fire extinguishers and escape means.
The Ministry of Manpower, the Ministry of Housing and the Ministry of Civil Protection provide and monitor these things.
•Summary: The most important things that the law did are Establishing and organizing sales and rental contracts and
protecting both parties to prevent disputes and facilitating the transfer and registration of ownership according to the
constitution. It also attracted foreign investments because there is a law that protects individuals' property from fraud. On the
other hand, it protected citizens such as workers or residents and provided means of safety. Laws were established for
all these things.
2-Porter's Five Forces
1. Competitive rivalry
leading real estate companies in Egypt such as TMG (through projects like the New Administrative Capital), Emaar Misr,
Palm Hills Developments, SODIC, and Orascom Development have successfully implemented these strategies. They
continuously adopt advanced technologies and innovative designs to stay ahead in a rapidly evolving market.
1. Expanding the use of technology:
Real estate companies are competing in developing the use of technology such as online platforms, smartphone applications,
virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies to display real estate.
•For example, some companies have begun to use artificial intelligence to analyze the market and determine the best
marketing and sales strategies, while others have learned from these steps and begun to apply them to stay competitive.
[Link] Development:
Real estate companies are increasingly moving towards sustainability projects, such as building environmentally friendly
residential communities that use renewable energy sources.
•For example, Emaar Misr in the Marassi project used solar energy technologies in the design of buildings, and these steps
push other companies such as Palm Hills and SODIC to invest in similar projects to maintain their competitiveness
2. Threat of new entrants
-To enter a new company into the real estate market, you need a high cost, about three billion Egyptian pounds. This makes
it difficult for new companies to enter now, and the cost is high. Despite this, 7,000 new companies entered the real estate
market last year. This shows that the risks of entering this field are low. Despite this, big companies benefited from their
financial strength by buying land and buying the best building technologies. This allows them to offer competitive prices,
and this makes it difficult for small companies to compete with a big company like Talaat Moustafa (TMG) or Orascom.
Now, these companies have extremely high capital, which makes it difficult to compete with them. Also, these companies
issue stocks and bonds, which provides them with very high liquidity that helps them to always be at the top and
compete strongly.
3. Threat of substitute
-threats of the real estate sector, rising prices, and people searching for cheaper alternatives, such as renting instead of b uying
or buying an old property instead of a new one. Alternative investment options to compete with real estate could include
other types of investments such as: -
1-gold
the big competitor as at just 20 years, the price of the gold has increased by 487% in Egypt. Gold is considered a safe asset
during times of economic crises, due to its long history of retaining value, because of its limited supply & high demand,
which means it does not face the same inflationary pressures as currencies and stocks, making it an attractive option for
investors seeking a stable long-term investment.
2-bank certificates
Certificates and bank deposits provide a guaranteed option with a fixed return. Guaranteed returns without risks. Suitable fo r
investors seeking safety. Bank interest rates in Egypt are relatively high with central bank policies.
3-stocks&bonds
-All of that may reduce industrial demand; however, it isn't seen as a danger because properties are a human necessity rather
than a well-being.
4. Bargaining Power of Buyers
negotiation is greatly affected by the real estate, and this appears in:
[Link] on prices: Since there is a large supply of real estate, buyers have the ability to negotiate to reduce prices or obtain
facilities such as installment payment without interest.
[Link] and facilities: Real estate developers are forced to make special offers, such as longer repayment periods or
cancellation of maintenance expenses, to attract buyers.
[Link] on real estate design: The power of buyers forces developers to present projects that suit the needs of the market,
such as smart and sustainable apartments, to meet customer demands
5. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
It is a picture of the bargaining power of buyers and refers to the pressures that suppliers can impose on companies by raising
their prices, lowering their quality or reducing the availability of their products. In the real estate sector, offering good places
for investment or residence. This framework is an essential part of business strategy. The bargaining power of suppliers is
the most important force that shapes the competitive landscape in any industry and helps determine the attractiveness of real
Suppliers in the Egyptian real estate market rely on high negotiating power, especially in owning land, building materials an d
financing, and developers rely on negotiation to a significant extent.
1- Land
The government has included a large part of the land for investment and housing for the people as well.
It has made it possible to have high negotiating power, such as New Cairo, the New Administrative Capital and coastal cities.
2- Building materials
Such as cement and steel, and among the largest companies are Suez Cement Company and Ezz Steel, due to the unstable
situation in the country, costs are always changing.
3- Workers and engineers
Each company must have skilled workers and engineers who are able to work in the best way to make each unit or property
negotiable. Also, high interest rates in Egypt affect the ability to bear costs and increase financing costs.

•Reference
Online website Article (Section 1.1)
Egypt - Infrastructure
Real Estate website Article (Section 1.1)
‫كل ما تحتاج لمعرفته حول قانون الضرائب العقارية الجديد‬
Online Magazine Article (Section 1.1)
‫ ألف قضية فساد عقاري في مصر – زاوية ثالثة‬23 ..‫رشا ٍو وحقوق مهدرة‬
Journal Article (Section 1.1)
‫خطط مصرية لبناء نصف مليون وحدة سكنية سنويا‬
Data Set (Section 1.2)
Egypt GDP Growth Rate 1961-2025 | MacroTrends
‫ التوقعات‬2027-2026 | ‫ معطيات‬2025-1991 | ‫ سعر الفائدة‬- ‫مصر‬
‫ التوقعات‬2027-2026 | ‫ معطيات‬2025-2005 | ‫ معدل التضخم المالي األساسي‬- ‫مصر‬
Egypt GDP per capita PPP
YouTube Video (Section 1.2)
[Link]
The Ministry of Planning, Economic Development, and International Cooperation website (Section 1.2)
Egypt's GDP Developments for the fourth quarter and FY 2023/2024
Journal Article (Section 1.2)
‫ الوطن‬- 202 ‫ آالف جنيه متوسط دخل األسرة المصرية شهريا بحلول‬9 :‫تقارير‬
Official website for the Central Bank of Egypt (Section 1.2)
Exchange Rates Historical Data
Real Estate website Article (Section 1.3)
Understanding the Driving Factors in the Egyptian Real Estate Market | Bayut Egypt Blog
Information service provider Article (Section 1.4)
PESTEL analysis of the real estate industry - [Link]
Information service provider Article (Section 1.4)
WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization
Journal Article (Section 1.4)
‫ جريدة المال‬- 2025 ‫العاصمة اإلدارية تبدأ أعمال البنية التحتية للمرحلة الثانية خالل الربع األول من‬
Madinet Masr Annual Reports (Section 1.5)
[Link]
Real Estate website Article (Section 1.5)
Sustainability: The Global Trend and Future of Real Estate Industry in Egypt | INVEST-GATE
Information service provider Article (Section 1.5)
‫"فيتش"تقرير‬: ‫ المركز المصري للفكر والدراسات االستراتيجية‬- ‫مستقبل قطاع العقارات في مصر‬
‫تأثير التغيرات المناخية على سوق العقارات – المرسال‬
Journal Article (Section 1.5)
‫ األسبوع‬- ‫خبير يكشف لـ «األسبوع» تأثير المناخ على القطاع العقاري‬
‫)‪Laws (Section 1.6‬‬
‫قانون حماية المستهلك ألزم الشركات العقارية بهذه اإلجراءات لحماية العمالء | برلمانى‬
‫جهاز حماية المنافسة ومنع الممارسات االحتكارية ‪ -‬قانون حماية المنافسة‬
‫كل ما تريد معرفته عن قانون تسجيل العقارات الجديد ‪ - 2024‬انشاء مصر‬
‫قانون البناء رقم ‪ 119‬لسنة ‪ | 2008‬منشورات قانونية‬
‫)‪Journal Article (Section 1.6‬‬
‫القانون يُحدد مهام اتحادات الشاغلين‪ ..‬أبرزها الحفاظ على سالمة العقار وملحقاته ‪ -‬اليوم السابع‬
‫)‪Ahram Newspaper Article (Section 2.2‬‬
‫)‪Journal Article (Section 2.3‬‬
‫ا لذهب أم العقارات أم الشهادات البنكية‪ ..‬ما هي أفضل الخيارات لالستثمار في ‪2025‬؟ خبراء يجيبون‬
‫)‪Finance website Article (Section 2.5‬‬
‫‪Bargaining Power of Suppliers - Factors that Give Suppliers Power‬‬