Grade 9 Integrated Science Paper 2
Uploaded by
felixckamauGrade 9 Integrated Science Paper 2
Uploaded by
felixckamauCommon questions
Powered by AIThe basic science skills applied include observation, where visual characteristics of the mixture and separated components are noted; measurement, involving precise volume assessment and temperature evaluation; and manual dexterity, for handling apparatus and performing separation techniques like sieving and filtration .
Filtration is used to separate solid particles from a liquid by passing the mixture through filter paper in a funnel. The solid particles form a residue on the filter paper, while the liquid, known as the filtrate, passes through and is collected below .
The two main pieces of apparatus are the measuring cylinder, used for accurate measurement of liquid volume, and the thermometer, used for determining temperature, which is crucial for understanding how temperature might affect experimental conditions or outcomes .
The separation technique used is sieving. This method allows the separation of particles based on size, where larger particles remain on the sieve and finer particles pass through .
The practical assessment ensures accuracy in liquid measurement using a calibrated measuring cylinder and precise temperature readings with a thermometer. Accurate measurements are crucial as they ensure that any changes in the mixture components can be quantitatively assessed, affecting the efficiency of separation and purity of recovered materials. Accurate data underpins reliable and reproducible scientific conclusions .
In the practical assessment, sieving is applied by transferring the mixture to a sieve, separating larger maize flour particles, which remain on the sieve, from finer salt and sand particles, which pass through. This method exploits the physical property differences, particularly particle size, allowing for the preliminary separation of the mixture components .
After adding water and stirring the mixture, observations likely include maize flour and possibly sand settling, while salt dissolves in the water, creating a solution that can be effectively separated in subsequent filtration steps .
The original components of the mixture are sand, maize flour, and salt .
Using an evaporating dish allows for the removal of the solvent through heating, leaving behind any dissolved solids. Heating the filtrate evaporates the water, thus recovering the salt, which remains as a solid residue in the dish .
The SI unit for volume is the cubic centimeter (cm³). The SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius (°C).