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Internet Security Concepts and Measures

The document contains various questions and exercises related to internet security, including definitions of terms like viruses, pharming, and phishing, as well as the use of SSL and firewalls. It also discusses methods for secure online banking and the importance of cookies and proxy servers in web security. Additionally, it covers HTML structure and presentation, and the role of various security measures in protecting data.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

4 views80 pages

Internet Security Concepts and Measures

Uploaded by

shikhorj

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

6

4 Choose six correct terms from the following list to complete the spaces in the paragraphs below:

• encryption
• file name
• firewall
• HTML tags/text
• IP address
• protocol
• proxy server
• SSL certificate
• web server name

A user enters a URL. The web browser breaks up the URL into three components:

1 ........................................................

2 ........................................................

3 ........................................................

The web server returns the selected web page.

The web browser reads the ............................................................ from the selected page and

shows the correctly formatted page on the user’s screen.

A ............................................................ is used between the user’s computer and the network to

examine the data traffic to make sure it meets certain criteria.

To speed up the access to the web pages next time, a ............................................................ is

used between the computer and web server; this device uses a cache to store the website home

page after it has been accessed for the first time.

[6]

© UCLES 2015 2210/11/M/J/15

6 (a) Viruses, pharming and phishing are all examples of potential Internet security issues.

Explain what is meant by each of these three terms.

Virus .........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Pharming ..................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Phishing ....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[6]

(b) An online bank requires a client to supply an 8-digit code each time they wish to access their
account on the bank’s website.

Rather than ask the client to use a keyboard, they are requested
to use an on-screen keypad (shown on the right) to input the 2 5 1
8-digit code.
6 8 3
The position of the digits on the keypad can change each time
the website is visited. 9 0 4

The client uses a mouse or touch screen to select each of the 7

8 digits.

(i) Explain why the bank has chosen to use this method of entering the 8 digits.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2015 2210/11/M/J/15

(ii) Name and describe another measure that the bank could introduce to improve the
security of their website.

Name .................................................................................................................................

Description ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2015 2210/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

1 (a) Four statements about cookies are shown in the table below.

Study each statement.

Tick (✓) to show whether the statement is true or false.

Statement True False

they are a form of spyware
they are used only in advertising
they are used to track browser use
they act in the same way as a virus
[4]

(b) Five descriptions and five security issues are shown below.

Draw a line to connect each description to the correct security issue.

Description Security issue

malicious code installed on the hard drive of a

user’s computer or on the web server; this code
hacking
will re-direct user to a fake web site without their
consent

software that gathers information by monitoring

key presses on a user’s computer and relays
pharming
the information back to the person who sent the
software

program or code that replicates itself and is

designed to amend, delete or copy data and files phishing
on a user’s computer without their consent

the act of gaining illegal access to a computer

spyware
system without the owner’s consent

creator of code sends out a legitimate-looking

email in the hope of gathering personal and
virus
financial data; it requires the recipient to follow a
link in the email or open an attachment

[4]

© UCLES 2015 2210/12/M/J/15

4 (a) State what is meant by the term SSL.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The following stages take place when a user wishes to access a secure website.

Put each stage in sequence by writing the numbers 1 to 6 in the column on the right. The first
one has been done for you.

Sequence
Stage
number

the encrypted data is then shared securely between the web browser
and the web server

the web browser attempts to connect to a website which is secured by

SSL 1

the web server sends the web browser a copy of its SSL certificate

the web browser requests the web server to identify itself

the web server will then send back some form of acknowledgement to
allow the SSL encrypted session to begin

the web browser checks whether the SSL certificate is trustworthy; if it

is, then the web browser sends a message back to the web server
[5]

© UCLES 2015 2210/12/M/J/15 [Turn over

(b) Complete the truth table for the monitoring system.

Working Space
D S T X

0 0 0

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 1 1

1 0 0

1 0 1

1 1 0

1 1 1

[4]

6 Secure socket layer (SSL) is used in the security of information on Internet websites.

(a) State how it is possible for a user to know that a website is secure by looking at the web
address.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Describe three of the stages a web browser goes through to detect whether a website is
secure.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3 ...............................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2016 2210/11/M/J/16 [Turn over

8 A bank offers an online service to its customers. The bank has developed a “SafeToUse” system
that asks each customer to enter four randomly chosen characters from their password each time
they log in.

The customer selects these four characters from drop-down boxes. For example:

Please select the 2nd character

5th character

6th character

8th character

(a) (i) Explain why it is more secure to use drop-down boxes rather than entering characters
using a keyboard.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Give a reason why the system asks for four characters chosen at random.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Biometrics is an additional form of security.

Give two examples of biometrics.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2016 2210/11/M/J/16 [Turn over

10 Six security issues and six descriptions are shown below.

Draw a line to link each security issue to its correct description.

Security issue Description

illegal access to a computer system

Pharming without the owner’s consent or
knowledge

software that gathers information by

monitoring key presses on a user’s
Phishing keyboard; the data is sent back to the
originator of the software

malicious code installed on the hard

drive of a user’s computer or on a web
Viruses server; this code will re-direct the user
to a fake website without the user’s
knowledge

creator of code sends out a

legitimate-looking email in the hope
of gathering personal and financial
Hacking
information from the recipient; it
requires the user to click on the link in
the email or attachment

a message given to a web browser by

a web server; it is stored in a text file;
Spyware the message is then sent back to the
server each time the browser requests
a page from the server

program or code that replicates itself;

designed to amend, delete or copy
Cookies data or files on a user’s computer;
often causes the computer to crash or
run slowly

[5]

© UCLES 2016 2210/11/M/J/16 [Turn over

(b) Describe three ethical issues that should be considered when using computers.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) Security of data is very important.

Three security issues are viruses, pharming and spyware.

Explain what is meant by each issue.

Viruses: .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Pharming: .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Spyware: ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[6]

© UCLES 2016 2210/12/M/J/16 [Turn over

(d) Describe three tasks carried out by a firewall.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

9 In the following barcode, each binary number is made up of seven bars.

Each bar is black or grey.

A black bar is interpreted as a “1” and a grey bar is interpreted as a “0”.

(a) Write the binary numbers that would be produced from this barcode:

%LQDU\QXPEHU$ %LQDU\QXPEHU%

Binary number A:

Binary number B:
[2]

(b) This barcode system uses odd parity.

Write the parity bit for each of the binary numbers in part (a):

Parity bit

Binary number A:

Binary number B:
[2]
© UCLES 2016 2210/12/M/J/16
14

11 Describe the use of structure and presentation in a HTML document.

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2016 2210/12/M/J/16

7 Six security terms and six statements are listed below.

Draw a line to match the security term with the most appropriate statement.

Security term Statement

Provides a secure connection between

Encryption web browsers and websites allowing
secure transmission of private data.

Computer that acts as an intermediary

Secure Socket
between a web browser and the
Layer (SSL)
Internet.

Legitimate-looking email is sent in the

hope of gathering personal information;
Pharming
it requires the user to click on a link in
the email.

Uses rules and criteria, set by the user,

Phishing to help protect a network or system from
unauthorised access.

Malicious code installed on the hard

drive of a user’s computer; this code
Firewall will redirect the user to a fake website
without the user’s knowledge.

Proxy server Scrambles data for secure transmission.

[5]
© UCLES 2017 2210/11/M/J/17 [Turn over
9

8 A company has a number of offices around the world.

(a) Data is transmitted between the offices over the Internet. In order to keep the data safe the
company is using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol and a firewall at each office.

Explain how SSL protocol and a firewall will keep the company’s data safe.

SSL protocol .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Firewall .....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(b) A company stores personal details of its customers on a computer system behind a firewall.

Explain, with reasons, what else the company should do to keep this data safe.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[6]

© UCLES 2017 2210/12/M/J/17 [Turn over

11 A company sells smartphones over the Internet.

Explain how the information stored on the company’s website is requested by the customer, sent
to the customer’s computer and displayed on the screen.

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[7]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at [Link] after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2017 2210/12/M/J/17

10 RockICT is a music business that has a website to allow customers to view and buy the products
it sells.

The website consists of web pages.

(a) Describe what is meant by HTML structure and presentation for a web page.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) The URL for the music company’s website is:

[Link]
Part 1 Part 2

(i) Identify what Part 1 and Part 2 represent in this URL.

Part 1 ................................................................................................................................

Part 2 ................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Describe what is meant by https.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2018 2210/11/M/J/18

(c) When a customer enters the website, a message is displayed:

“RockICT makes use of cookies. By continuing to browse you are agreeing to our use of
cookies.”

Explain why the music company uses cookies.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) The music company is concerned about the security of its website.

The company uses a proxy server as part of its security system.

Describe the role of a proxy server in the security system.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2018 2210/11/M/J/18

4 (a) Lola is concerned about the risks to her computer when using the Internet.

She wants to use some security methods to help protect her computer from the risks.

Identify a security method she could use for each of the following risks. Each security method
must be different.

Describe how each security method will help protect Lola’s computer.

(i) Computer virus

Security method ................................................................................................................

Description ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Hacking

Security method ................................................................................................................

Description ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(iii) Spyware

Security method ................................................................................................................

Description ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2019 2210/11/M/J/19 [Turn over

8 An art gallery has a website that is used to display and sell art.

(a) The gallery uses Secure Socket Layer (SSL) to provide a secure connection when selling art.

Describe the process of SSL and how it provides a secure connection.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [6]

(b) The art gallery also uses a firewall.

Six statements are given about firewalls.

Tick (3) to show if the statement is True or False.

True False
Statement
(3) (3)

Firewalls are only available as hardware devices

Firewalls allow a user to set rules for network traffic

Firewalls will automatically stop all malicious traffic

Firewalls only examine traffic entering a network

Firewalls encrypt all data that is transmitted around a network

Firewalls can be used to block access to certain websites

[6]

© UCLES 2019 2210/11/M/J/19

(c) Priya stores her website on a webserver.

To transmit the website data to the webserver she uses parallel duplex data transmission.

Describe how data is transmitted using parallel duplex data transmission.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(d) Priya has a URL for her website.

State what is meant by a URL.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Priya is concerned about a denial of service attack (DoS) occurring on her webserver.

(i) Explain what is meant by a denial of service attack.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(ii) Give one security device that can be used to help prevent a denial of service attack.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 2210/12/M/J/19 [Turn over

7 Hans has a website selling comic books. Customers can create an account to buy the comic
books.

Customers enter a username and password to log in to their account.

(a) Customers may worry about keylogging software being used to gain unauthorised access to
their account.

(i) Describe how keylogging software can be used to gain unauthorised access to a
customer’s account.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(ii) Identify a feature that Hans can add to the website to limit the threat of keylogging
software.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Hans makes sure data transmission for his website is secure.

(i) State how customers can check that the personal details they enter into the website will
be transmitted securely.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain how a customer’s browser checks that the website is secure.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2020 2210/11/M/J/20
5

5 Meena uses a browser to research information for her business.

(a) Give three functions of a browser.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Meena buys products for her business using the Internet.

The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol is used for transferring data when she buys
products.

One layer of the TLS protocol is the handshake layer.

(i) Describe the purpose of the handshake layer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Identify the other layer of the TLS protocol.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Identify another protocol that can be used to transfer data securely.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Meena visits a website to buy products for her business.

The browser uses a small file to store the details of the products she views. This allows the
website to display advertisements for other products she may like.

The small file also stores her log-in details.

Give the name of this type of file.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20 [Turn over

10 Uma is concerned about risks that she may encounter when using the Internet.

Two of the risks she is concerned about are phishing and pharming.

(a) Give one similarity and two differences between phishing and pharming.

Similarity ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Difference 1 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Difference 2 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Identify two other risks that Uma could encounter when using the Internet.

Risk 1 ........................................................................................................................................

Risk 2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

(c) Uma uses a firewall to secure the data on her computer.

(i) Uma tells her friend that a firewall can only be software-based.

Tick (3) to show whether Uma is Correct or Incorrect.

Correct

Incorrect
[1]

(ii) Describe how the firewall helps to keep Uma’s data secure.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2020 2210/12/M/J/20

3 A firewall can be used to help keep the data secure that is stored on a computer.

(a) The given paragraph describes how the firewall operates to help keep the data secure.

Complete the paragraph using the most appropriate terms from the given list. Not all of the
terms on the list need to be used.

• Accept
• Criteria
• Hacking
• Input
• Network
• Outgoing
• Output
• Processor
• Reject
• Software
• Store
• Storage

A firewall can be ............................................ or hardware based. It monitors traffic between

the computer and the ............................................ The user sets ............................................

for the traffic. The firewall will .............................................. or ............................................

the traffic based on this. It can help prevent ............................................ and malicious

software that could be a threat to the security of the data.

[6]

(b) Identify three other methods that could be used to keep the data secure.

Method 1 ...................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ...................................................................................................................................

Method 3 ...................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2021 2210/11/M/J/21 [Turn over

4 Two internet risks are phishing and pharming.

Describe what is meant by phishing and pharming.

Phishing ...........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Pharming ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[6]

© UCLES 2021 2210/11/M/J/21

(b) Describe how the web pages for the website are requested and displayed on a user’s
computer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

Explain why this will prevent users from accessing the website.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2021 2210/11/M/J/21 [Turn over

4 Three types of Internet security risk are virus, spyware and denial of service (DoS) attack.

(a) Six statements are given about Internet security risks.

Tick (3) to show whether the statement applies to virus, spyware or denial of service. Some
statements may apply to more than one Internet security risk.

Denial of
Statement Virus Spyware service
(3) (3) (3)
captures all data entered using a keyboard

can be installed onto a web server

prevents access to a website

is malicious code on a computer

is self-replicating

damages the files on a user’s hard drive

[6]

(b) Identify three other types of Internet security risks.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

State three ways that data could be accidentally damaged.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2021 2210/12/M/J/21

6 Cookies can be used to store a user’s personal data and online browsing habits.

(a) A cookie could be used to automatically enter a user’s payment details when the user makes
a purchase online.

Describe how cookies can be used to store and automatically enter a user’s payment details.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Explain why a user may be concerned about their personal data and online browsing habits
being stored in cookies.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© UCLES 2021 2210/12/M/J/21

7 Jolene uses HTML to create a website. She separates the HTML into structure and presentation.

(a) (i) Give one example of HTML structure.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give two examples of HTML presentation.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Explain why Jolene separates the HTML into structure and presentation.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

8 A keyboard is a type of input device that can be used to enter data into a computer.

Complete the paragraph that describes one method of operation for a keyboard, using the most
appropriate terms from the given list. Not all terms in the list need to be used.

• Binary
• Breaks
• Calculated
• Character
• Circuit
• Current
• Information
• Network
• Press
• Processor
• Signal
• Switch

A keyboard has a key matrix underneath the keys. When a key is pressed, it presses a

............................................. that completes a ............................................. . This allows

............................................. to flow. The location of the key pressed is

............................................. . The location of the key pressed is compared to a

............................................. map to find the ............................................. value for the key that

has been pressed.

[6]

© UCLES 2021 2210/12/M/J/21

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2022 2210/11/M/J/22 [Turn over

9 Three Internet terms are browser, Internet Protocol (IP) address and
Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

Five statements are given about the Internet terms.

Tick (3) to show which statements apply to each Internet term. Some statements may apply to
more than one Internet term.

Browser IP address URL

Statement
(3) (3) (3)

it contains the domain name

it is a type of software

it converts Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

to display web pages

it is a type of address

it stores cookies

[5]

10 Many devices have a Media Access Control (MAC) address.

Give three features of a MAC address.

Feature 1 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Feature 2 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Feature 3 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2022 2210/11/M/J/22

(c) Websites can be created using HTML structure and presentation.

State what is meant by HTML structure and presentation.

Give an example of each in your answer.

Structure ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Presentation .............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(d) Explain why presentation is often separated from structure when creating a web page.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2022 2210/12/M/J/22

3 Joelle is a student who uses the Internet.

(a) The table contains five terms or definitions that relate to the Internet.

Complete the table by writing each missing term or definition.

Term Definition

........................................................................................

browser ........................................................................................

........................................................................................

this is the company that provides a user with a

...................................................
connection to the Internet

this is a protocol that is used to send data for web

...................................................
pages across the Internet

........................................................................................

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ........................................................................................

........................................................................................

cookie ........................................................................................

........................................................................................

[5]

© UCLES 2022 2210/12/M/J/22 [Turn over

(b) Joelle uses a firewall to keep her data safe when she uses the Internet.

Tick (3) to show which statement about firewalls is true.

Tick (3)

Firewalls can only be hardware‑based

Firewalls can only be software‑based

Firewalls can be hardware‑based or software‑based

[1]

Explain how the firewall is used to limit the websites that Joelle can access.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© UCLES 2022 2210/12/M/J/22

(b) Online security attacks can maliciously damage data.

One security method to keep data safe from online attacks is a firewall.

Identify two other security methods that keep data safe from online attacks.

Security method 1 .....................................................................................................................

Security method 2 .....................................................................................................................

[2]

(c) Data can also be damaged accidentally.

One example of how data can be damaged accidentally is by shutting down a computer
before saving data. To prevent this from happening, a user should make sure they have
saved all data before shutting down a computer.

Complete the table by giving three other examples of how data can be damaged accidentally.

Give a method of prevention for each example.

Example Method of prevention

...................................................................... ......................................................................

......................................................................

...................................................................... ......................................................................

......................................................................

...................................................................... ......................................................................

......................................................................

[6]

© UCLES 2022 2210/12/M/J/22

1 There are a number of security risks associated with using the Internet.

Name three of these risks. For each, state why it is a risk and describe how the risk can be
minimised.

Security risk 1 ...................................................................................................................................

Why it is a risk ..................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

How to minimise the risk ..................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Security risk 2 ...................................................................................................................................

Why it is a risk ...................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

How to minimise the risk ..................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Security risk 3 ...................................................................................................................................

Why it is a risk ..................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

How to minimise the risk ..................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

[9]

© UCLES 2015 2210/12/O/N/15

(b) (i) The following code shows HTML ‘tag’ pairs on either side of the text stating the colour
that each creates.

RED

GREEN 
 BLUE

YELLOW

MAGENTA 
 CYAN

Yellow is a combination of red and green, magenta a combination of red and blue and
cyan a combination of green and blue.

State what 6-digit hexadecimal values should replace X, Y and Z in the above code.

X ........................................................................................................................................

Y ........................................................................................................................................

Z ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Describe how other colours, such as a darker shade of blue, are created.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) 1A – 16 – C5 – 22 – FF – FF is an example of a MAC address.

(i) Identify what the first six and last six hexadecimal digits represent.

First six digits ....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Last six digits .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) State why MAC addresses are used.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

© UCLES 2015 2210/12/O/N/15 [Turn over

6 (a) Explain what is meant by HTML.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) HTML uses both structure and presentation.

Describe what is meant by the two terms.

Structure ....................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Presentation ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Explain the function of a web browser.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2015 2210/12/O/N/15 [Turn over

(c) Explain three ways of preventing accidental loss or corruption of data.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[6]

© UCLES 2015 2210/13/O/N/15 [Turn over

10 Choose five correct terms from the following list to complete the spaces in the sentences below:

• cypher text
• encryption algorithm
• encryption key
• firewall
• plain text
• proxy server
• symmetric encryption

....................................................................................... is a security system.

It uses the same ....................................................................... to encrypt and decrypt a message.

Before encryption, the message is called ...................................................................................... .

The ..................................................................................... processes the original message.

The output is known as ........................................................................... . [5]

© UCLES 2015 2210/13/O/N/15

8 Identify whether the four statements about file compression are correct by writing TRUE or FALSE
in the following table.

Statement TRUE or FALSE

MIDI files store the actual music notes in a compressed format

JPEG files are examples of lossless file compression

MP3 files are, on average, 90% smaller than the music files
stored on a CD

MP4 files are examples of lossy file compression

[4]

9 (a) Explain what is meant by a denial of service attack.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Name and describe two other potential security threats when using the Internet.

Security threat 1 .......................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Security threat 2 .......................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2016 2210/12/O/N/16 [Turn over

10 (a) Describe what is meant by HTML.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) The following URL is typed in:

[Link]

This URL is composed of three parts.

State the part of this URL that is the:

File name ..................................................................................................................................

Protocol ....................................................................................................................................

Web server name .....................................................................................................................

[3]

© UCLES 2016 2210/12/O/N/16

1 To process an instruction, a central processing unit (CPU) goes through a cycle that has three
main stages.

Name each stage in this cycle.

Stage 1 ................................................................................

Stage 2 ................................................................................

Stage 3 ................................................................................
[3]

2 Name each of the potential security issues described in the five statements below:

Statement Security issue

The act of gaining unauthorised access to

a computer system ..................................................................................

Program code that can replicate itself with

the intention of deleting or corrupting files
stored in a computer ..................................................................................

A small file sent by a web server to a web

browser; every time the user visits the
website, data about user preferences is
collected ..................................................................................

The act of illegally changing the source

code of a program so that it can be
exploited for another use ..................................................................................

Malicious code installed on a user’s hard

drive or a web server which redirects
the user to a fake website without their
knowledge ..................................................................................

[5]

© UCLES 2016 2210/13/O/N/16

4 The Henslows Diner is a local restaurant.

(a) Staff currently use a keyboard to input a customer food order into a computer. The food order
is then sent to the kitchen.

State two disadvantages of using a keyboard to input a customer food order.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A concept keyboard has a flat surface that is overlaid with images of food items available
from the restaurant menu. Staff can click on an image to add the food item to a customer food
order.

The Henslows Diner wants to change to a concept keyboard to input customer food orders.

Explain two benefits of making this change.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2016 2210/13/O/N/16

(c) The Henslows Diner stores personal data on a computer. This computer is connected to the
Internet to allow the data to be backed up.

There is currently one security method in place to protect the data on the computer from
unauthorised access. This is a password.

Give two other security methods that could be added to improve the security of the data.
Describe how each method will keep the data safe.

Security method 1 .....................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Security method 2 .....................................................................................................................

Description ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

© UCLES 2016 2210/13/O/N/16 [Turn over

The computer in the aeroplane has a MAC address and an IP address.

State what is meant by these two terms.

MAC address ............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

IP address .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) When sending this data, security is very important. Data are sent over the Internet using
Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol.

Name the two layers that make up TLS.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2016 2210/13/O/N/16 [Turn over

5 Raj is using the Internet to do some online shopping. He visits a website that tells him that it uses
cookies.

(a) Explain what is meant by the term cookies.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) Give two examples of the use of cookies.

Example 1 .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Example 2 .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2017 2210/12/O/N/17

10 (a) Describe what is meant by Transport Layer Security (TLS).

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Name three different applications of TLS.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2017 2210/12/O/N/17 [Turn over

11 Complete the paragraphs choosing the correct five terms from the list. Each term can only be
used once:

• Ethics
• Freeware
• Free Software
• Hacking
• Malware
• Plagiarism
• Shareware
• Virus

Taking another person’s work from the Internet and claiming it as your own is called

............................................. . It is possible to protect your work online with copyright.

One product that people may want to protect is software. ............................................. does allow

a person to share, copy and change software freely, but ............................................. does not

allow a person to do this legally. Software that has a licence allowing free use for a trial period

is called ............................................ . The name given to this area of Computer Science is

............................................. .
[5]

© UCLES 2017 2210/12/O/N/17

2 Data files are stored in different file formats.

Complete the table by providing a suitable file format for each file type. The first one has been
done for you.

File type File format

Pictures .JPEG
Text
Sound
Video
[3]

3 (a) An example of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is:

[Link]
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

Identify the three parts that make up this URL.

Part 1 ........................................................................................................................................

Part 2 ........................................................................................................................................

Part 3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Describe what is meant by an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2017 2210/13/O/N/17 [Turn over

7 Six statements about firewalls are shown.

Tick (3) to show whether each statement is true or false.

Statement true false

(3) (3)
Firewalls can monitor incoming and
outgoing traffic.

Firewalls operate by checking traffic against

a set of rules.

Firewalls cannot block access to a certain

website.

Firewalls can be software and hardware.

Firewalls can act as intermediary servers.

Firewalls can block unauthorised traffic.

[6]

© UCLES 2017 2210/13/O/N/17 [Turn over

8 (a) Data is valuable. It needs to be kept secure and it can easily be damaged.

Give three different ways that data can be accidentally damaged.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol can be used to securely transmit data in online
banking.

State three other different applications that use SSL.

Application 1 .............................................................................................................................

Application 2 .............................................................................................................................

Application 3 .............................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2017 2210/13/O/N/17

(c) Online banking is increasing in popularity.

Online banking can be a risk as it can raise a number of security issues. SSL can be used as
a security method to make online banking safer.

Identify and describe three other security methods that could be used to make online banking
safer.

Security method 1 .....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Security method 2 .....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Security method 3 .....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[6]

© UCLES 2017 2210/13/O/N/17 [Turn over

4 (a) Identify three security issues that can put a computer system at risk.

Security issue 1 ........................................................................................................................

Security issue 2 ........................................................................................................................

Security issue 3 ........................................................................................................................

[3]

(b) Explain how a firewall can help to protect a computer system from security issues.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

5 (a) Karina is taking her Computer Science examination. She has three questions to answer
about output devices.

(i) For the first question she writes the answer:

“It is a high powered laser that cuts materials such as thin metals or wood.”

Identify the output device that Karina is describing.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) For the second question she writes the answer:

“The screen is made up of blocks of red, green and blue pixels. The screen uses layers
of different types of liquid.”

Identify the output device that Karina is describing.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) For the third question she writes the answer:

“It is responsible for powering and moving a motor in machinery, such as a robot arm in
a factory.”

Identify the output device that Karina is describing.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2018 2210/12/O/N/18 [Turn over

7 Six internet terms and six definitions are listed.

Draw a line to connect each term to a correct definition.

Internet term Definition

A program that allows a user to view

Browser
webpages

Internet Service Provider The main protocol that governs the

(ISP) transmission of data using the Internet

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol The website address that is typed into the
(HTTP) address bar

Uniform Resource Locator An address given to each device on a network.

(URL) It is provided by the network

A unique address given to a device on a

MAC address
network. It is provided by the manufacturer

A company that provides a connection to

IP address
access the Internet

[5]

8 Describe the purpose of an interrupt in a computer system.

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2018 2210/12/O/N/18

6 Sarah stores data electronically.

Describe three methods that she could use to avoid loss of stored data.

Method 1 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Method 3 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[6]

© UCLES 2018 2210/13/O/N/18 [Turn over

8 Alice enters a URL into a web browser to access a webpage.

(a) State what URL represents.

U ........................................... R ........................................... L ........................................... [1]

(b) Explain how the web browser uses the URL to access the webpage.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

9 Describe two differences between Read Only Memory (ROM) and Random Access Memory
(RAM).

Difference 1 .......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Difference 2 ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[4]

12 Explain the difference between a Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) file and a MP3 file.

..........................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................[4]

13 State which types of storage device or media would be most suitable for these scenarios.

For each device or media, justify your choice.

(a) Creating a backup of 150 GB of data.

...................................................................................................................................................

Justification ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Storing applications on a tablet device.

...................................................................................................................................................

Justification ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Storing a 1200 MB high-definition promotional movie about a new car. The movie is to be
given to people who are interested in buying a new car.

...................................................................................................................................................

Justification ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

6 Touch screen technologies can be described as resistive or capacitive.

Six statements are given about resistive and capacitive technology.

Tick (✓) to show if the statement applies to Resistive or Capacitive technology.

Resistive Capacitive
Statement
(✓) (✓)
This touch screen has multi-touch capabilities
This touch screen cannot be used whilst wearing gloves
This touch screen is made up of two layers with a small
space in between
This touch screen uses the electrical properties of the
human body
This touch screen is normally cheaper to manufacture
This touch screen has a quicker response time
[6]

7 Gerald uses a keyboard to enter a website address into the address bar of his browser.

(a) Describe how Gerald’s key presses on his keyboard are processed by the computer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) State three functions of a browser.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) The website Gerald visits uses https.

Explain what is meant by https.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

10 Data is valuable to a company.

(a) Companies use error detection methods to make sure that data is accurate.

One error detection method is the use of a check digit.

Explain what is meant by a check digit and how it is used to detect errors.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) Companies can use a range of security methods to keep their data secure.

Identify two security methods that a company can use to keep their data secure and explain
how each method can keep the data secure.

Security method 1 .....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Security method 2 .....................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[6]

1 A library has a system that allows customers to check out the books that they want to borrow.

Each book has a barcode that can be used to identify the book.

(a) (i) Identify two input devices that may be used in the library’s system.

Input device 1 ....................................................................................................................

Input device 2 ....................................................................................................................

[2]

(ii) Identify two storage devices that may be used in the library’s system.

Storage device 1 ...............................................................................................................

Storage device 2 ...............................................................................................................

[2]

(iii) Identify two output devices that may be used in the library’s system.

Output device 1 .................................................................................................................

Output device 2 .................................................................................................................

[2]

(b) The data stored by the library is archived at the end of each day. The archive is held on a
server in the library office.

The data is encrypted with an 8-bit key. As some of the data is confidential, the library wants
to make the encryption more secure.

(i) State how the library could make the encryption more secure.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The term used to describe data before it is encrypted is plain text.

State the term used to describe encrypted data.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Computer systems often use interrupts.

Five statements are given about interrupts.

Tick (3) to show if each statement is True or False.

True False
Statement
(3) (3)
Interrupts can be hardware based or software based
Interrupts are handled by the operating system
Interrupts allow a computer to multitask
Interrupts work out which program to give priority to
Interrupts are vital to a computer and it cannot function without them
[5]

8 A company discovers malware on its network.

Explain two ways that the malware could have been introduced to the company’s network.

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [4]

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at [Link] after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

1 Tina is creating a website for charity events. She uses HTML to create the website.

(a) State what is meant by HTML.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) She uses the hexadecimal colour code #43B7F0 as the background colour for her website.

(i) State whether background colour is an example of structure or presentation, in the

website.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The hexadecimal colour code #43B7F0 is stored in three 8-bit registers.

Give the 8-bit binary values for each part of the hexadecimal code.

F0
[6]

(i) State whether the microphone is an input or output device.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) She wants to compress the recording to make sure that the file is as small as possible
for the website.

Identify which type of compression she should use and describe how this would compress
the file for the website.

Type of compression .........................................................................................................

Description

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(iii) Give two benefits of compressing the file for the website.

Benefit 1 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ............................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Tina will use the TLS protocol in her website when selling tickets to people for different charity
events. This makes sure that their personal data is transmitted securely.

(i) Identify the two layers that are present in the TLS protocol.

Layer 1 ..............................................................................................................................

Layer 2 ..............................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Explain how data is sent securely using the TLS protocol.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [6]

(e) Tina is concerned about security threats to her web server.

(i) Identify three security threats to her web server that Tina might be concerned about.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Tina installs a proxy server to help protect her website from security threats.

Describe how the proxy server will help protect the website.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

2 Four 7-bit binary values are transmitted from one computer to another. A parity bit was added
to each binary value creating 8-bit binary values. All the binary values have been transmitted
correctly.

(a) Tick (✓) to show whether an Even or an Odd parity check has been used for each binary
value.

Even Odd
8-bit binary value
(✓) (✓)

11111111

01100110

01111011

10000000
[4]

(b) The data will also be checked using a checksum.

Describe how a checksum can be used to check that the data has been transmitted correctly.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [5]

3 Alessandro has some important data stored on his computer.

He is concerned about accidental damage to his data.

(a) (i) Identify three ways that the data could be accidentally damaged.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) State what Alessandro could do to make sure that he can retrieve his data if it is
accidentally damaged.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Tammy connects the computer to her home network. The computer has a MAC address and
an IP address.

A paragraph is given about MAC addresses and IP addresses.

Complete the paragraph using the list of terms given. Not all terms need to be used.

• compiled
• computer
• control
• dynamic
• identify
• packet
• principal
• protocol
• similar
• unique

A MAC address is a media access …………………………………………………….. address.

A network device has a ……………………………………………………… MAC address that

can help ………………………………………………. the device in the network. An IP address

is an Internet ………………………………………… address. An IP address can be static or

…………………………………………… .
[5]

(c) Tammy uses a browser when accessing the Internet.

Describe the role of the browser.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

3 (a) Four denary to 8-bit binary conversions are given.

Tick (3) to show if each denary to 8-bit binary conversion is Correct or Incorrect.

Correct Incorrect
Denary Binary Conversion
(3) (3)
145 10010001

179 10110101

11 00010011

100 01100010
[4]

(b) Convert the 12-bit binary number into hexadecimal.

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

4 Eugene has a web server that stores his online shopping website.

Customers access the website using a browser.

(a) Describe how the webpages are requested and displayed on the customer’s computer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) State three online security threats to Eugene’s web server.

Threat 1 ....................................................................................................................................

Threat 2 ....................................................................................................................................

Threat 3 ....................................................................................................................................
[3]

5 Arjun uses a scanner to create digital versions of some printed documents.

The scanner is attached to his computer using a USB connection.

(a) Tick (3) to show if the USB connection uses Parallel or Serial data transmission.

Describe your chosen method of data transmission.

Parallel

Serial

Description

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Give three benefits of a USB connection.

Benefit 1 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 2 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Benefit 3 ...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) Arjun uses the Internet to send the digital documents to his friend. He wants to make sure the
documents are sent securely.

Identify two protocols that can be used to transfer data securely.

Protocol 1 .................................................................................................................................

Protocol 2 .................................................................................................................................
[2]

6 Elsa writes a paragraph in an examination about encryption.

There are several terms missing from the paragraph.

Complete the paragraph using the list of given terms. Not all terms may need to be used.

Some terms may be used more than once.

• algorithm
• alphanumeric
• cookie
• cypher
• key
• padlock
• plain
• word processed

The data is encrypted using a ....................................................................... . This is an

....................................................................... that is used to scramble the data. The data before

encryption is known as ....................................................................... text. When the data has been

encrypted it is known as ....................................................................... text. To read the encrypted

data it needs to be decrypted using a ....................................................................... .

[5]

13 Phishing and pharming are two security issues a user should be aware of when using the Internet.

(a) State one similarity between phishing and pharming.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Explain two differences between phishing and pharming.

Difference 1 ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Difference 2 ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

5 Sammi works for a finance company and has a laptop that he uses for his work. He has confidential
data about his customers stored on his laptop.

Sammi does not connect the laptop to any networks.

(a) Sammi is concerned about his customers’ confidential data being viewed by other people in
his office.

One method he uses to prevent others viewing the data is encryption.

Identify three other methods Sammi could use to prevent his customers’ confidential data
being viewed.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) Sammi creates videos for the finance company website that give customers advice about
their finances.

He uses lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos for the website.

(i) Give three ways that lossy compression can reduce the file size of the videos.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii) Give one drawback of using lossy compression to reduce the file size of the videos.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

..........................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................... [7]

9 Padma opens an application on her computer.

An interrupt is generated to inform the Central Processing Unit (CPU) that the application has
been opened.

(a) Give three other examples of when an interrupt signal could be generated.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) State what would happen if interrupt signals were not used in a computer.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

10 Jermain uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol for secure transmission when sending data
using the internet.

(a) Explain how the SSL protocol secures the data for transmission.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Identify an alternative protocol that could be used for secure transmission of data using the
internet.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2021 2210/12/O/N/21 [Turn over
7

3 Five statements are shown about Random Access Memory (RAM), an internal
Solid State Drive (SSD) and a USB flash memory drive.

Tick (✓) to show which statements apply to each component. Some statements may apply to
more than one component.

Component
Internal USB flash
RAM
Statement SSD memory drive
(✓)
(✓) (✓)

it is a type of primary storage

it is volatile

it uses NAND and NOR technology

it does not have any moving parts

it is not directly connected to the

central processing unit (CPU)
[5]

4 Doris has data stored on her computer.

She accidentally loses some data by deleting a file.

State two methods she could use to help prevent accidental loss of data in this way.

Describe how each method would help prevent accidental loss of the data.

Method 1 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
[4]

6 Jian has a website that uses the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol to make sure that data is
kept secure during transmission.

(a) Give two ways that a user could check that a website uses the SSL protocol.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) State the name of the updated version of the SSL protocol.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Jian’s system for his website has a proxy server.

Explain why Jian uses a proxy server as part of the system for his website.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(d) Jian sells products using his website. He wants to create a secure login system for user
accounts.

He is worried that a user’s login details may be gathered by malware when they are logging
into their account.

(i) State the type of malware that could be used to gather a user’s login details.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give three methods that could be used to help prevent a user’s login details being
gathered by malware, when they are logging into their account.

Describe how each method can help prevent this happening.

Method 1 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Method 2 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

Method 3 ...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[6]

(e) The paragraph describes how the web pages are obtained and displayed for the user.

Complete the paragraph using the list of terms. Not all terms in the list need to be used.

• browser
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Media Access Control (MAC) address
• presentation
• protocols
• structure
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• web pages
• web server

The browser sends the ....................................................................................... to the

Domain Name Server (DNS) that looks up the corresponding

..................................................................................... . This is returned to the browser, which

then sends a request to the ...................................................................................... where the

.......................................................................................... are stored. The website is written in

.......................................................................................... that is rendered by the

.......................................................................................... .
[6]

7 NAND, OR and XOR are three types of logic gate.

(a) Four statements are shown about the logic gates.

Tick (✓) to show which statements apply to each logic gate. Some statements may apply to
more than one logic gate.

NAND OR XOR
Statement
(✓) (✓) (✓)

if both inputs are 1, the output is 1

if both inputs are different from each other, the output is 1

if both inputs are 0, the output is 0

if both inputs are the same as each other, the output is always 0

[4]

10 Mario has a website that he uses to sell his artwork.

(a) The website uses HTTPS to transmit data.

(i) Describe what is meant by HTTPS.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) One way a user can check a website uses HTTPS is to check whether the
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) begins with HTTPS.

Give one other way a user can check if a website uses HTTPS.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) There is a risk that people that use the Internet to access websites can have their stored data
maliciously damaged.

State three ways that stored data can be maliciously damaged.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at [Link] after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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