Class 11 Chapter4

Quadratic Equation:
An equation containing one or more terms in Exercise 4.1
which the variable is raised to maximum positive
power two. In general 𝑎𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 10 = 0; Solve the following equations by
𝑎 = 1 , 𝑏 = −7, 𝑐 = 10 factorization:
Solution of Quadratic Equation: Question#1
We solve Quadratic Equation by following three 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Solution:
method.
3x 2 + 3x + x + 1 = 0
i) By factorization 3x(x + 1) + 1(x + 1) = 0
ii) By completing square (x + 1)(3x + 1) = 0
iii) By quadratic formula x + 1 = 0 , 3x + 1 = 0
1
Note: x = −1 , x = − 3
 The solution of an equation are also S.S = {−𝟏 , − 𝟑}
𝟏

called its roots. Question#2

By Quadratic formula Derivation of the quadratic 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐱 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟎
Formula: Solution:
Quadratic equation is standard form is x 2 + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4) = 0

pk
Dividing both sides by a (x + 3)(x + 4) = 0
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑏 𝑐 x + 3 = 0 ,x + 4 = 0
 +𝑎𝑥 +𝑎 = 0 x = −3 , x = −4
𝑎 s.
2
 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 = −𝑎
𝑏 𝑐 S. S = {−𝟑 , −𝟒}
Question#3
1 𝑏 2
te
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ( . ) 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝟗𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝐱 − 𝟓 = 𝟎
2 𝑎 Solution:
2 2
𝑏 𝑏
𝑥 2 + 𝑎 𝑥 + (2𝑎) = (2𝑎) − 𝑎
𝑏 𝑐 9x 2 + 3x − 15x − 5 = 0
no

3x(3x + 1) − 5(3x + 1) = 0
𝑏 2 𝑏2 𝑐
 (𝑥 + 2𝑎) = 4𝑎2 − 𝑎 (3x + 1)(3x − 5) = 0
2
3x + 1 = 0 ,3 x − 5 = 0
𝑏 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
sy

1 5
 (𝑥 + 2𝑎) = x = −3 , x = 3
4𝑎2
𝟏 𝟓
𝑏 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 S.S = {− 𝟑 , 𝟑 }
 𝑥 + 2𝑎 = ±√ 4𝑎2
Question#4
ea

𝑏 √𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
 𝑥 + 2𝑎 = ± 𝐱𝟐 − 𝐱 = 𝟐
2𝑎
𝑏 √𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
Solution:
 𝑥 = − 2𝑎 ± x 2 − x − 2x − 2 = 0
2𝑎
−𝑏± √𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 x(x + 1) − 2(x + 1) = 0
 𝑥= (x + 1)(x − 2) = 0
2𝑎
 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎" x + 1 = 0 ,x − 2 = 0
Quadratic equation is also known as x = −1 , x = 2
second degree polynomial.” S. S = {−𝟏 , 𝟐}
Question#5
In quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 =
𝐱(𝐱 + 𝟕) = (𝟐𝐱 − 𝟏)(𝐱 + 𝟒)
0 ∀ 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅 Solution:
x 2 + 7 = 2x 2 + 8x − x − 4
x 2 + 7 = 2x 2 + 7x − 4
2x 2 − x 2 + 7x − 7x − 4 = 0
x2 − 4 = 0
x 2 − (2)2 = 0
(x + 2)(x − 2) = 0
x + 2 = 0 ,x − 2 = 0
x = −2 , x = 2
S. S = {−𝟐 , 𝟐}

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Class 11 Chapter 4
Question#6 (a + b − abx)(ax + bx − 2) = 0
𝐱 𝐱+𝟏 𝟓 Either,
𝐱+𝟏
+ 𝐱 = 𝟐
; 𝐱 ≠ −𝟏 , 𝟏𝟎
abx = a + b , (a + b)x = 2
Solution: 3 51
Multiplying by 𝟐(𝟐𝐱 + 𝟏) ⇒𝑥−2=± 2
x x+1 5 a+b 2
2(2x + 1) . x+1 + 2(2x + 1) . x = 2(2x + 1) . 2 x= , x = (a+b)
ab
2x 2 + 2(x + 1)(x + 1) = 5(x + 1) 𝐚+𝐛
S. S = { 𝐚𝐛 , (𝐚+𝐛)}
𝟐
2x 2 + 2(x 2 + 2x + 1) = 5x 2 + 5x
4x 2 + 4x + 2 = 5x 2 + 5x Solve the following equations by
5x 2 − 4x 2 + 5x − 4x − 2 = 0 completing the square:
x2 + x − 2 = 0 Question#9
𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱 − 𝟖𝟗𝟗 = 𝟎
x 2 − x + 2x − 2 = 0 Solution:
x(x − 1) + 2(x − 1) = 0 x 2 − 2x = 899
𝟐 𝟐
(x − 1)(x + 2) = 0 Adding (− 𝟐) = (−𝟏)𝟐 on both sides
x − 1 = 0 ,x + 2 = 0
x 2 − 2x + (−1)2 = 899 + (−1)2
x = 1 , x = −2
(x − 1)2 = 899 + 1
S. S = {𝟏 , − 𝟐}
(x − 1)2 = 900
Question#7
𝟏 𝟐 𝟕 ⇒ x − 1 = ±30
𝐱+𝟏
+ 𝐱+𝟐 = 𝐱+𝟓 ; 𝐱 ≠ −𝟏 , −𝟐 , −𝟓 x − 1 = 30 , x − 1 = −30

pk
Solution: x = 30 + 1 , x = −30 + 1
Multiplying by (𝐱 + 𝟏)(𝐱 + 𝟐)(𝐱 + 𝟓) x = 31 , x = −29
1
(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 5). + (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + S. S = {31 , −29}
x+1
2 Question#10
s.
5) . x+2
𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝟓 = 𝟎
7
= (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 5) . x+5 Solution:
te
(x + 2)(x + 5) + 2(x + 1)(x + 5) = 7(x + 1)(x + 2) x 2 + 4x = 1085
x 2 + 5x + 2x + 10 + 2 + 2(x 2 + 5x + x + 5)
𝟒 𝟐
no

= 7(x 2 + 2x + x + 14) Adding (𝟐) = (𝟐)𝟐 on both sides

x 2 + 5x + 2x + 10 + 2 + 2x 2 + 12x + 10
x 2 + 4x + (2)2 = 1085 + (2)2
= 7x 2 + 21x + 14
(x + 2)2 = 1085 + 4
3x 2 + 19x + 20 = 7x 2 + 21x + 14
sy

(x + 2)2 = 1089
7x 2 − 3x 2 + 21x − 19x + 14 − 20 = 0
4x 2 + 2x − 6 = 0 ⇒ x + 2 = ±33
2x 2 + x − 3 = 0 x + 2 = 33 , x + 2 = −33
ea

x = 33 − 2 , x = −33 − 2
2x 2 − 2 x + 3x − 3 = 0
2x(x − 1) + 3(x − 1) = 0 x = 31 , x = −35
(x − 1)(2x + 3) = 0 S. S = {31 , −35}
x − 1 = 0 , 2x + 3 = 0 Question#11
3 𝐱 𝟐 + 𝟔𝐱 − 𝟓𝟔𝟕 = 𝟎
x=1, x=−
2 Solution:
𝟑
S. S = {𝟏 , − } x 2 + 6x = 567
𝟐
Question#8 𝟔 𝟐
Adding (𝟐) = (𝟑)𝟐 on both sides
𝐚 𝐛 𝟏 𝟏
𝐚𝐱−𝟏
+ 𝐛𝐱−𝟏 =𝐚+𝐛; 𝐱≠ 𝐚 , 𝐛 x 2 + 6x + (3)2 = 567 + (3)2
Solution: (x + 3)2 = 567 + 9
a b
− a + bx−1 − b = 0 (x + 3)2 = 576
ax−1
a−b(ax−1) b−a(bx−1) ⇒ x + 3 = ±24
+ bx−1 = 0
ax−1 x + 3 = 24 , x + 3 = −24
a−abx+b b−abx+a
ax−1
+ bx−1 = 0 x = 24 − 3 , x = −24 − 3
a+b−abx a+b−abx x = 21 , x = −27
+ bx−1 = 0
ax−1 S. S = {21 , −27}
1 1
(a + b − abx) { + bx−1} =0 Question#12
ax−1
bx−1+ax−1
(a + b − abx) {(ax−1)(bx−1)} =0 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎
Solution:
(a + b − abx)(ax + bx − 2) = 0(ax − 1)(bx − 1) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 648
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Class 11 Chapter 4
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
Adding (𝟐) on both sides
Solution:
3 2 3 2
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + (2) = 648 + (2) Comparing 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
3 2 9 We have 𝒂 = 𝟓 𝒃 = −𝟏𝟑 , 𝒄 = 𝟔
(𝑥 − ) = 648 + −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
2 4 Using 𝑥 =
3 2 2592+9 2𝑎
(𝑥 − 2) = 4 −(−13)±√(−13)2 −4(5)(6)
𝑥=
3 2 2601 2(5)
⇒ (𝑥 − 2) = ± 4 13±√169−120
3 51 3 51
𝑥= 10
𝑥−2= 2 , 𝑥−2=− 2 13±√49
51 3 51 3 𝑥= 10
𝑥 = 2 +2 , 𝑥 =− 2 +2
51+3 −51+3
𝑥= 2 , 𝑥= 2 Question#19
54 48 13±7
𝑥= 2 , 𝑥=− 2 𝑥= 10
54 48 13+7 13−7
S. S = { 2 , − 2 } 𝑥 = 10 , 𝑥 = 10
20 6
Question#13 𝑥 = 10 , 𝑥 = 10
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟔 = 𝟎 3
𝑥 = 2 ,𝑥 = 5
Solution:
𝟑
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 1806 = 0 S. S = {𝟐 , 𝟓}
𝟏 𝟐 Question#16
Adding (𝟐) on both sides

pk
𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
1 2 1 2
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + (2) = 1806 + (2) Solution:
1 2 1 s. Comparing 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
(𝑥 − 2) = 1806 + 4
We have 𝒂 = 𝟒 𝒃 = 𝟕 , 𝒄 = −𝟏
1 2 7224+1 −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
(𝑥 − 2) = Using 𝑥 =
4
te
2𝑎
1 2 7225 −7±√(7)2 −4(7)(−1)
(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑥=
4 2(4)
1 85
⇒𝑥−2=± 2 −7±√49+16
no

𝑥= 8
1 85 85
𝑥−2= 2 , 𝑥−1=− 2 −7±√65
𝑥= 8
85 1 85 1
𝑥 = 2 +2 , 𝑥 =− 2 +2 −7+√65 −7−√65
sy

85+1 −85+1 𝑥= 8 𝑥= 8
𝑥= 2 , 𝑥= 2 −7+√65 −7−√65
86 84 S. S = { 8 , 8 }
𝑥= 2 , 𝑥=− 2
Question#17
ea

𝑥 = 43 , 𝑥 = −42
𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝒙 − 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎
S. S = {43 , −42}
Solution:
Question#14
Comparing 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏𝟎 = 𝟎
We have 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒃 = 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒄 = −𝒂𝟐
Solution:
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 110 = 0 Using 𝑥 = 2𝑎
Dividing by 2 −(2𝑎)±√(2𝑎)2 −4(15)(−𝒂𝟐 )
𝑥=
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 = 55 2(5)
𝟔 𝟐 −2𝑎±√4𝒂𝟐 +𝟔𝟎𝒂𝟐
Adding (𝟐) = (𝟑)𝟐 on both sides 𝑥= 30
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + (3)2 = 55 + (3)2 𝑥=
−2𝑎±√64𝒂𝟐
(𝑥 + 3)2 = 55 + 9 30
−2𝑎±8𝑎
(𝑥 + 3)2 = 64 𝑥 = 30
⇒ 𝑥 + 3 = ±8 −2𝑎+8𝑎 −2𝑎−8𝑎
𝑥 = 30 , 𝑥 = 30
𝑥 + 3 = 8 , 𝑥 + 3 = −8 6𝑎 −10𝑎
𝑥 = 8 − 3 , 𝑥 = −8 − 3 𝑥 = 30 , 𝑥 = 30
𝑎 −𝑎
𝑥 = 5 , 𝑥 = −11 𝑥 = 5 ,𝑥 = 3
S. S = {5 , −11} 𝑎 𝑎
S. S = {5 , − 5 }
Find roots of the following equations by
using quadratic formula:
Question#15 Question#18

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Class 11 Chapter 4
𝟐 −(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)+𝑎−𝑐 −(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)−𝑎+𝑐
𝟏𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 𝑥= , 𝑥=
2(𝒂+𝒃) 2(𝒂+𝒃)
Solution: −𝒂−𝟐𝒃−𝒄+𝑎−𝑐 −𝒂−𝟐𝒃−𝒄−𝑎+𝑐
Comparing 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃)
, 𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃)
We have 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟔 𝒃 = 𝟖 , 𝒄 = 𝟏 −𝟐𝒃−2𝒄 −𝟐𝒃−2𝑐
𝑥 = 2(𝒂+𝒃) , 𝑥 = 2(𝒂+𝒃)
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Using 𝑥 = −𝟐(𝒃+𝒄) −𝟐(𝒂+𝒃)
2𝑎 𝑥 = 2(𝒂+𝒃) , 𝑥 = 2(𝒂+𝒃)
−(8)±√(8)2 −4(16)(1)
𝑥= 2(16)
−(𝒃+𝒄)
𝑥 = (𝒂+𝒃) , 𝑥 = −1
−8±√64−64
𝑥= 32
−(𝒃+𝒄)
S. S = { (𝒂+𝒃) , −1}
−8±√0
𝑥 = 32 Solution of Equations Reducible to the Quadratic
−8 equation:
𝑥 = 32 ,
−1 Type 1.
𝑥= 4
−1
The equation of the form 𝑎𝑥 2𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑐 =
S. S = { 𝟒 } 0,𝑎 ≠ 0
(𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃) + (𝒙 − 𝒃)(𝒙 − 𝒄) + (𝒙 − 𝒄)(𝒙 −  𝑎(𝑥 𝑛 )2 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑐 = 0
𝒂) = 𝟎 Put 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑦 𝑖𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑠
Solution:
𝑎𝑦 2 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞. 𝑖𝑛 𝑦)
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒄𝒙 − 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒙𝟐 −
(Q,1,2,3,4,5)
𝒂𝒙 − 𝒄𝒙 + 𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎
𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒙 − 𝟐𝒃𝒙 − 𝟐𝒄𝒙 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 Type 2.

pk
𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝒙 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 The equation of the form
Comparing 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 (𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 + 𝑑) = 𝑘
We have 𝒂 = 𝟑 𝒃 = −𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄) , 𝒄 = 𝒂𝒃 + s. 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 + 𝑑
𝒃𝒄 + 𝒂𝒄 (Q.6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13)
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 Type 3. Exponential Equations:
Using 𝑥 =
te
2𝑎
−[−𝟐(𝒂+𝒃+𝒄)]±√[−𝟐(𝒂+𝒃+𝒄)]2 −4(3)(𝒂𝒃+𝒃𝒄+𝒂𝒄)
Equations in which the variable occurs in
𝑥= 2(3) exponent, are called exponential Equations.
no

𝟐(𝒂+𝒃+𝒄)±2√(𝒂+𝒃+𝒄)2 −(3)(𝒂𝒃+𝒃𝒄+𝒂𝒄) (Q14,15,16,17)

𝑥=
6
(𝒂+𝒃+𝒄)±√𝑎 2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 +2𝒂𝒃+𝟐𝒃𝒄+𝟐𝒂𝒄−𝟑𝒂𝒃−𝟑𝒃𝒄−𝟑𝒂𝒄 Type 4. Reciprocal Equation:
𝑥=
3 𝐴𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛
sy

𝑥=
(𝒂+𝒃+𝒄)±√𝑎 2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 −𝒂𝒃−𝒃𝒄−𝒂𝒄 1
3 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
(𝒂+𝒃+𝒄)±√𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑐 2 −𝒂𝒃−𝒃𝒄−𝒂𝒄
𝑥
S. S = {𝑥 = }
3
ea

Question#20 Exercise 4.2

(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙𝟐 + (𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 + 𝒄)𝒙 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 Solve the following equations:
Solution: Question#1
Comparing 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
We have 𝒂 = (𝒂 + 𝒃) , 𝒃 = (𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 + 𝒄) , 𝒄 = Solution:
(𝑥 2 )2 − 6𝑥 2 + 8 = 0
𝒃+𝒄
Put 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒚 then,
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Using 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 8 = 0
2𝑎
−(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)±√(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)2 −4(𝒂+𝒃)(𝒃+𝒄)
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 8 = 0
𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃) 𝑦(𝑦 − 2) − 4(𝑦 − 2) = 0
−(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)±√(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)2 −4(𝒂𝒃+𝒂𝒄+𝒃𝟐 +𝒃𝒄)
(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 − 4) = 0
𝑥= 𝑦−2 =0 ,𝑦 −4 = 0
2(𝒂+𝒃)
𝑥= 𝑦 = 2,𝑦 = 4
If 𝒚 = 𝟐 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟒 then,
−(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)±√𝑎2 +4𝑏2 +𝑐 2 +4𝑎𝑏+4𝑏𝑐+2𝑎𝑐−4𝒂𝒃−4𝒂𝒄−4𝒃𝟐 −4𝒃𝒄
𝑥2 = 2 𝑥2 = 4
2(𝒂+𝒃)
−(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)±√𝑎2 +𝑐 2 −2𝒂𝒄 𝑥 = ±√2 𝑥 = ±2
𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃) S. S = {±√2 , ±2 }
−(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)±√(𝑎−𝑐)2 Question#2
𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃) 𝒙−𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑𝒙−𝟏
−(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)±(𝑎−𝑐) (𝑥 −1 )2 − 3𝑥 −1 − 10 = 0
𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃) Put 𝒙−𝟏 = 𝒚 then,
−(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)+(𝑎−𝑐) −(𝒂+𝟐𝒃+𝒄)−(𝑎−𝑐)
𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃)
, 𝑥= 2(𝒂+𝒃)
𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 10 = 0
𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑦 − 10 = 0
4|Page
Class 11 Chapter 4
𝑦(𝑦 + 2) − 5(𝑦 + 2) = 0 −1±√−3
S. S = {1 , 2 , , −1 ± √−3 }
(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 5) = 0 2
𝑦+2 =0 ,𝑦 −5 = 0 Question#4
𝑦 = −2 , 𝑦 = 5 𝟖𝒙𝟔 − 𝟏𝟗𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
If 𝒚 = −𝟐 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟓 then, Solution:
𝑥 −1 = −2 𝑥 −1 = 5 𝟖𝒙𝟔 − 𝟏𝟗𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
1 1
𝑥
= −2
𝑥
=5 8(𝑥 3 )2 − 19𝑥 3 − 27 = 0
𝑥 =−
1
𝑥 =
1
Put 𝒙𝟑 = 𝒚 then,
2 5
1 1 8𝑦 2 − 19𝑦 − 27 = 0
S. S = {− , }
2 5 8𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 − 27𝑦 − 27 = 0
Question#3 8𝑦(𝑦 + 1) − 27(𝑦 + 1) = 0
𝒙𝟔 − 𝟗𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖 = 𝟎 (𝑦 + 1)(8𝑦 − 27) = 0
Solution: 𝑦+1=0 , 8𝑦 − 27 = 0
(𝑥 3 )2 − 9𝑥 3 + 8 = 0 27
𝑦 = −1 , 𝑦 = 8
Put 𝒙𝟑 = 𝒚 then,
𝑦 2 − 9𝑦 + 8 = 0 If 𝒚 = −𝟏 then,
𝑦 2 − 𝑦 − 8𝑦 + 8 = 0 𝑥 3 = −1
𝑦(𝑦 − 1) − 8(𝑦 − 1) = 0 𝑥3 + 1 = 0
(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 8) = 0 (𝑥)3 + (1)3 = 0
𝑦−1=0 ,𝑦 −8 = 0 ∵ 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
𝑦 =1, 𝑦 =8 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥+1=0

pk
If 𝒚 = 𝟏 then
𝑥3 = 1 𝑥 = −1 , 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥3 − 1 = 0 Using 𝑥 = 2𝑎
(𝑥)3 − (1)3 = 0 s. −(−1)±√(−1)2 −4(1)(1)
∵ 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑥= 2(1)
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) = 0 1±√1−4
𝑥=
te
𝑥−1=0 2
1±√−3
Using 𝑥 =
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑥= 2
2𝑎
no

𝟐𝟕
−(1)±√(1)2 −4(1)(1) if 𝒚 = 𝟖 then,
𝑥= 2(1) 27
−1±√1−4
𝑥3 = 8
𝑥= 3
2 8𝑥 = 27
sy

−1±√−3 (2𝑥)3 − (3)3 = 0

𝑥=
2
(2𝑥 − 3)(4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) = 0
if 𝒚 = 𝟖 then,
𝑥3 = 8 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 , 4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 0
ea

3
3
𝑥 −8 = 0 𝑥 = 2 , 4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 0
(𝑥)3 − (2)3 = 0 −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Using 𝑥 =
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4) = 0 2𝑎

𝑥 − 2 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 = 0 −(6) ± √(6)2 − 4(4)(9)

𝑥=
𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 = 0 2(4)
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −6 ± √36 − 144
Using 𝑥 = 2𝑎 𝑥 =
8
−(2) ± √(2)2 − 4(1)(4) −6 ± √−108
𝑥= 𝑥 =
2(1) 8
−2 ± √4 − 16 −6 ± √36√−3
𝑥= 𝑥 =
2 8
−2 ± √−12 −6 ± 6√−3
𝑥= 𝑥 =
2 8
−2 ± √4√−3 𝑥=
6(−1±√−3)
𝑥= 8
2
−2±2√−3 3(−1 ± √−3)
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 4
2(−1±√−3) 3 1±√−3 3(−1±√−3)
𝑥= 2 S. S = {−1 , , , }
2 2 4
𝑥 = −1 ± √−3 Question#5

5|Page
Class 11 Chapter 4
𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟔𝒙
𝟓
𝟏
𝟓
𝑦 2 − 15𝑦 − 21𝑦 + 315 − 91 = 0
Solution: 𝑦 2 − 36𝑦 + 224 = 0
𝟐 𝟏 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 − 28𝑦 + 224 = 0
𝒙𝟓 − 𝟔𝒙𝟓 + 𝟖 = 𝟎 𝑦(𝑦 − 8) − 28(𝑦 − 8) = 0
1 2 1 2
(𝑥 5 ) − (𝑥 5 ) + 8 = 0 (𝑦 − 8)(𝑦 − 28) = 0
1 𝑦−8=0 , 𝑦 − 28 = 0
Put 𝑥 5 = 𝒚 then, 𝑦=8 , 𝑦 = 28
𝑦2 − 𝑦 + 8 = 0 If 𝒚 = 𝟖 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟖 then,
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 8 = 0 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 8 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 28
𝑦(𝑦 − 2) − 4(𝑦 − 2) = 0 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 8 = 0 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 28 = 0
(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 − 4) = 0 Using 𝑥 =
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 28 = 0
2𝑎
𝑦−2=0 , 𝑦−4=0 −1±√(−1)2 −4(2)(−8)
𝑦 =2, 𝑦 =4 𝑥= 2𝑥(𝑥 − 4) + 7(𝑥 − 4) = 0
2(2)
If 𝒚 = 𝟐 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟒 then, 𝑥=
−(−1)±√1+64
(𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 7) = 0
1 1 4
𝑥 =2
5 𝑥 =4
5
𝑥=
1±√65
𝑥 − 4 = 0 , 2𝑥 + 7 = 0
1 5 1 5 4
(𝑥 ) =
5 (2)5 (𝑥 ) =
5 (4)5 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑥 = −7/2
7 1±√65
𝑥 = 25 𝑥 = 45 S. S = {𝟒 , − ,
2 4
}
𝑥 = 32 𝑥 = 1024 Question#12
S. S = {32, 1024 } (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖) = 𝟏𝟎𝟓
Question#6

pk
Solution:
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟒) = 𝟐𝟒 Factorizing it
Solution: (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 48) = 105
Rearranging it s. [𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 4(𝑥 + 2)][𝑥(𝑥 + 6) + 8(𝑥 + 6)] = 105
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3) = 24 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 8) = 105
(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6) = 24 Rearranging it
te
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 6) = 105
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4 = 24 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 = 24 (𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 16)(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 24) = 105
Put 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 = 𝒚 then, (𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 16)(𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 24) = 105
no

(𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 + 6) = 24 Put 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 = 𝒚 then,

𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 24 = 24 (𝑦 + 16)(𝑦 + 24) = 105
𝑦 2 + 10𝑦 + 24 − 24 = 0 𝑦 2 + 24𝑦 + 16𝑦 + 384 − 105 = 0
sy

𝑦(𝑦 + 10) = 0 𝑦 2 + 40𝑦 + 279 = 0

𝑦=0 , 𝑦 + 10 = 0 𝑦 2 + 9𝑦 + 31𝑦 + 279 = 0
𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦 = −10 𝑦(𝑦 + 9) + 31(𝑦 + 9) = 0
ea

If 𝒚 = 𝟎 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟒 then, 𝑦+9=0 , 𝑦 + 31 = 0

2
𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 0 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 = −10 𝑦 = −9 , 𝑦 = −31
𝑥(𝑥 + 5) = 0 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10 = 0 If 𝒚 = −9 then, if 𝒚 = −31 then,
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥 = 0 , 𝑥 = −5 Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = −9 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = −31
−5±√(5)2 −4(1)(10) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 31 = 0
𝑥= 2(1) 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + 9(𝑥 + 1) = 0 Using 𝑥 =
−5±√25−40 −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2 2𝑎
𝑥=
−5±√−15 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 9) = 0 𝑥=
2
−10±√(10)2 −4(1)(31)
−5±√−15
S. S = {0 , −5 , 2
} 2(1)
−10±√100−124
Question#11 𝑥+1=0 𝑥+9 = 0 𝑥= 2(1)
(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓) − 𝟗𝟏 = 𝟎 𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = −9
Solution:
(2𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 5) − 91 = 0
Rearranging it
(2𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 5) = 91
(2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 21)(2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 15) = 91
(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 21)(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15) = 91
Put 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
(𝑦 − 21)(𝑦 − 15) = 91
6|Page
Class 11 Chapter 4
−4±√(−59)
𝑥=
(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 40) = −360 2

𝑦 2 − 40𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 80 + 360 = 0
−4± √59√−1
𝑦 2 − 38𝑦 + 280 = 0 𝑥= 2
𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 − 28𝑦 + 280 = 0 −4± √59ⅈ
𝑥=
𝑦(𝑦 − 10) − 28(𝑦 − 10) = 0 2
(𝑦 − 10)(𝑦 − 28) = 0 −4± √59ⅈ
S. S = {−6 , 2 , 2
}
𝑦 − 10 = 0 , 𝑦 − 28 = 0
Question#11
𝑦 = 10 , 𝑦 = 28
(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓) − 𝟗𝟏 = 𝟎
If 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟖 then,
Solution:
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 10 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 28
(2𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 5) − 91 = 0
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 = 0
2 Rearranging it
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 10 = 0 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 7𝑥 −
(2𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 5) = 91
28 = 0
(2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 21)(2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 15) = 91
𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 5(𝑥 + 2) = 0 𝑥(𝑥 − 7) + 4(𝑥 −
(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 21)(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15) = 91
7) = 0
Put 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 5) = 0 (𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 4) =
(𝑦 − 21)(𝑦 − 15) = 91
0
𝑦 2 − 15𝑦 − 21𝑦 + 315 − 91 = 0
𝑥+2=0 , 𝑥−5=0 𝑥−7=0 , 𝑥+
𝑦 2 − 36𝑦 + 224 = 0
4=0
𝑥 = −2 , 𝑥=5 𝑥=7 , 𝑥= 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 − 28𝑦 + 224 = 0

pk
−4 𝑦(𝑦 − 8) − 28(𝑦 − 8) = 0
(𝑦 − 8)(𝑦 − 28) = 0
S. S = {𝟓 , −2 , 7 , 4}
𝑦−8=0 , 𝑦 − 28 = 0
Question#10 s.
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟗𝟒𝟓 𝑦=8 , 𝑦 = 28
If 𝒚 = 𝟖 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟖 then,
Hint: (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟑) = 𝟗𝟒𝟓
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 8 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 28
te
Solution:
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 8 = 0 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 28 = 0
Rearranging it −𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 5) = 945 Using 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 28 = 0
no

2𝑎
(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 + 3)(4𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 15) = 945 𝑥=
−1±√(−1)2 −4(2)(−8)
2𝑥(𝑥 − 4) + 7(𝑥 − 4) = 0
2(2)
(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3)(4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 15) = 945 −(−1)±√1+64
(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3)(4(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥) + 15) = 945 𝑥= (𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 7) = 0
4
sy

Put 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 = 𝒚 then, 𝑥=
1±√65
𝑥 − 4 = 0 , 2𝑥 + 7 = 0
4
(𝑦 + 3)(4𝑦 + 15) = 945 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑥 = −7/2
4𝑦 2 + 15𝑦 + 12𝑦 + 45 − 945 = 0 7 1±√65
S. S = {𝟒 , − , }
ea

4𝑦 2 − 48𝑦 + 75𝑦 − 900 = 0 2 4

4𝑦(𝑦 − 12) + 75(𝑦 − 12) = 0 Question#12

(𝑦 − 12)(4𝑦 + 75) = 0 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖) = 𝟏𝟎𝟓
𝑦 − 12 = 0 , 4𝑦 + 75 = 0 Solution:
75 Factorizing it
𝑦 = 12 , 𝑦=− 4 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 48) = 105
75
If 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 then, if 𝒚 = − 4
then, [𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 4(𝑥 + 2)][𝑥(𝑥 + 6) + 8(𝑥 + 6)] = 105
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 12 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = −
75 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 + 8) = 105
4
Rearranging it
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 12 = 0 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 = −75
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 6) = 105
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 12 = 0 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 75 =
(𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 16)(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 24) = 105
0
(𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 16)(𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 24) = 105
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 6(𝑥 − 12) = 0 Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎 Put 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
−16±√(16)2−4(4)(75) (𝑦 + 16)(𝑦 + 24) = 105
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 6) = 0 𝑥= 2(4) 𝑦 2 + 24𝑦 + 16𝑦 + 384 − 105 = 0
−16±√256−1200
𝑥−2=0 , 𝑥+6=0 𝑥= 𝑦 2 + 40𝑦 + 279 = 0
8
−16±√16×(−59) 𝑦 2 + 9𝑦 + 31𝑦 + 279 = 0
𝑥=2 , 𝑥 = −6 𝑥= 8 𝑦(𝑦 + 9) + 31(𝑦 + 9) = 0
4(−4±√(−59)) 𝑦+9=0 , 𝑦 + 31 = 0
𝑥= 8 𝑦 = −9 , 𝑦 = −31
If 𝒚 = −9 then, if 𝒚 = −31 then,
7|Page
Class 11 Chapter 4
2 2 (𝑦 − 1)(8𝑦 − 1) = 0
𝑥 + 10𝑥 = −9 𝑥 + 10𝑥 = −31
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 31 = 0 𝑦−1 =0 , 8𝑦 − 1 = 0
1
𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + 9(𝑥 + 1) = 0 Using 𝑥 = 𝑦 = 1, 𝑦 =
8
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝟏
If 𝒚 = 1 then, if 𝒚 = then,
𝟖
2𝑎 1
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 9) = 0 𝑥= 2𝑥 = 1 2𝑥 =
8
1
−10±√(10)2 −4(1)(31) 2 𝑥 = 20 2𝑥 =
23
2(1)
𝑥 =0 2𝑥 = 2−3
−10±√100−124
𝑥+1=0 𝑥+9 = 0 𝑥= 2(1)
𝑥 = −3
S. S = {0 , −3}
𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = −9
−10±√4(−6)
Question#15
𝑥= 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐−𝒙+𝟔 − 𝟐𝟎 = 𝟎
2

𝑥=
2(−5±√(−6)) Solution:
2
2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 . 26 − 20 = 0
𝑥 = −5 ± √−6
2𝑥 + 2−𝑥 . 64 − 20 = 0
𝑥 = −5 ± √6√−1 64
2𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 20 = 0
𝑥 = −5 ± √6𝑖
S. S = {−1 , −9 , −5 ± √6𝑖} Put 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
64
Question#13 𝑦2 + − 20 = 0
𝑦
(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟐𝟕)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝟓) = 𝟑𝟖𝟓 2
𝑦 + 64 − 20𝑦 = 0
Solution:
Factorizing it 𝑦 2 − 20𝑦 + 64 = 0

pk
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 27)(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 35) = 385 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 − 16𝑦 + 64 = 0
[𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + 9(𝑥 − 3)][𝑥(𝑥 + 5) − 7(𝑥 + 5)] = 385 𝑦(𝑦 − 4) − 16(𝑦 − 4) = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 5) = 385 s.(𝑦 − 4)(𝑦 − 16) = 0
Rearranging it 𝑦−4=0 , 𝑦 − 16 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 + 9) = 385 𝑦 = 4 , 𝑦 = 16
(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 15)(𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 63) = 385 If 𝒚 = 4 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔 then,
te
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 63) = 385 2𝑥 = 4 2𝑥 = 16
Put 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
2𝑥 = 22 2 𝑥 = 24
(𝑦 − 15)(𝑦 − 63) = 385
no

𝑥 =2 𝑥=4
𝑦 2 − 63𝑦 − 15𝑦 + 945 − 385 = 0
𝑦 2 − 78𝑦 + 560 = 0 S. S = {2 , 4}
𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 − 70𝑦 + 560 = 0 Question#16
𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑. 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝟖 = 𝟎
sy

𝑦(𝑦 − 8) − 70(𝑦 − 8) = 0
𝑦−8 =0 , 𝑦 − 70 = 0 Solution:
𝑦 = 8 , 𝑦 = 70 (22 )𝑥 − 3. 2𝑥 . 23 + 128 = 0
If 𝒚 = 8 then, if 𝒚 = 70 then, (2𝑥 )2 − 3. 2𝑥 . 8 + 128 = 0
ea

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 8 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 70 (2𝑥 )2 . −24. 2𝑥 + 128 = 0

2
𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 8 = 0 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 70 = 0 Put 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 4(𝑥 − 2) = 0 Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
𝑦 2 − 24𝑦 + 128 = 0
−2±√(2)2 −4(1)(−70) 𝑦 2 − 𝟖𝑦 − 16𝑦 + 128 = 0
(𝑥 − 𝟐)(𝑥 + 4) = 0 𝑥=
2(1) 𝑦(𝑦 − 8) − 16(𝑦 − 8) = 0
−2±√4+280
𝑥−𝟐=0 𝑥+4=0 𝑥= (𝑦 − 8)(𝑦 − 16) = 0
2
−2±√4(71) 𝑦−8=0 , 𝑦 − 16 = 0
𝑥=2 𝑥 = −4 𝑥=
2 𝑦 = 8 , 𝑦 = 16
2(−1±√71)
𝑥=
2
If 𝒚 = 8 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔 then,
𝑥 = −1 ± √71 2𝑥 = 8 2𝑥 = 16
S. S = {𝟐 , −4 , −1 ± √71} 2𝑥 = 23 2 𝑥 = 24
Question#14 𝑥 =3 𝑥=4
𝟒. 𝟐𝟐𝒙+𝟏 − 𝟗. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 S. S = {3 , 4}
Solution: Question#17
4. 22𝑥 . 21 − 9. 22𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝟑𝟐𝒙−𝟏 − 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎
4. (2𝑥 )2 . 2 − 9. 22𝑥 + 1 = 0 Solution:
8. (2𝑥 )2 . −9. 22𝑥 + 1 = 0 (3𝑥 )2 . 3−1 − 12 . 3𝑥 + 81 = 0
Put 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒚 then, 1
8𝑦 2 − 9𝑦 + 1 = 0 (3𝑥 )2 . − 36 . 3𝑥 + 243 = 0
3
8𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 Put 𝟑𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
8𝑦(𝑦 − 1) − 1(𝑦 − 1) = 0 𝑦 2 − 36𝑦 + 243 = 0
8|Page
Class 11 Chapter 4
2 𝑥 2 + 1 = 2𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1 = −3𝑥
𝑦 − 9𝑦 − 27𝑦 + 243 = 0
𝑦(𝑦 − 9) − 27(𝑦 − 9) = 0 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 0
(𝑦 − 9)(𝑦 − 27) = 0 −𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
(𝑥 − 1)2 = 0 Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
𝑦−9=0 , 𝑦 − 27 = 0 −(3)±√(3)2 −4(1)(1)
𝑦 = 9 , 𝑦 = 27 𝑥−1=0 𝑥=
2(1)
If 𝒚 = 9 then, if 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕 then, 𝑥=1 𝑥=
−3±√9−4
2
3𝑥 = 9 3𝑥 = 27 −3 ± √5
3𝑥 = 32 3𝑥 = 33 𝑥=
2
𝑥 =2 𝑥=3 −3±√5
𝑥=
S. S = {2 , 3} 2

Question#18
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
S Question#20
(𝒙 + ) − 𝟑 (𝒙 + ) − 𝟒 = 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝒙 𝒙 (𝒙 − ) + 𝟑 (𝒙 + ) = 𝟎
Solution: 𝒙 𝒙
𝟏 Solution:
Put 𝒙 + = 𝒚 then, 1 1
𝒙 𝑥2 + − 2 + 3 (𝑥 + ) = 0
𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 4 = 0 𝑥2 𝑥
𝟏
𝑦 2 + 𝑦 − 4𝑦 − 4 = 0 Put 𝒙+ = 𝒚 then,
𝒙
𝑦(𝑦 + 1) − 4(𝑦 + 1) = 0 1 2
(𝑥 + ) = 𝑦 2
(𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 − 4) = 0 𝑥
2 1
𝑦+1 =0 , 𝑦−4=0 𝑥 + = 𝑦2 − 2
𝑥2
𝑦 = −1 , 𝑦 = 4 Given equation takes form
If 𝒚 = −1 then, if 𝒚 = 4 then, 𝑦 2 − 2 − 2 + 3𝑦 = 0

pk
1 1
𝑥 + = −1 𝑥+ =4 𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 + 1 = −𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1 = 4𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 4𝑦 − 4 = 0
𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑦(𝑦 − 1) + 4(𝑦 − 1) = 0
s.
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 (𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 + 4) = 0
Using 𝑥 = Using 𝑥 = 𝑦−1 =0 , 𝑦+4=0
2𝑎 2𝑎
−1 ± √(1)2 − 4(1)(1) 𝑦 = 1 , 𝑦 = −4
te
𝑥= 𝑥 If 𝒚 = 1 then, if 𝒚 = −4 then,
2(1)
1 1
−(−4) ± √(−4)2 − 4(1)(1) 𝑥+ =1 𝑥 + = −4
𝑥 𝑥
no

=
2(1) 𝑥2 + 1 = 𝑥 𝑥 2 + 1 = −4𝑥
−1±√1−4 4±√16−4 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2 −𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
−1±√−3 4±√12 Using 𝑥 = Using 𝑥 =
𝑥= 𝑥= 2𝑎 2𝑎
sy

2 2
−(−1)±√(−1)2 −4(1)(1)
−1± √3√−1 4±√4×3 𝑥= 𝑥=
𝑥= 𝑥= 2(1)
2 2
−1± √3ⅈ 4±2√3 −(4)±√(4)2 −4(1)(1)
𝑥= 𝑥= 2(1)
ea

2 2
1±√1−4
𝑥 = 2 ± √3 𝑥= 𝑥=
2
−1± √3ⅈ
S. S = { ,2 ± √3 } −4±√16−4
2
2
Question#19 1±√3√−1 −4±√12
𝟏 𝟏 𝑥= 𝑥=
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟒 + + =𝟎 2 2
𝒙 𝒙𝟐 1±√3ⅈ −4±2√3
Solution: 𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2
1 1
𝑥2 + 2 + 𝑥 + − 4 = 0 𝑥=
2(−2±√3)
𝑥 𝑥 2
𝟏
Put 𝒙+ = 𝒚 then, 𝑥 = −2 ± √3
𝒙
1 2 S. S = {
1±√3ⅈ
, −2 ± √3 }
(𝑥 + ) = 𝑦 2 2
𝑥
𝑥2 +
1
= 𝑦2 − 2 Question#21
𝑥2 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
Given equation takes form
Solution:
𝑦2 − 2 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0
Dividing by 𝒙𝟐
𝑦2 + 𝑦 − 6 = 0 2𝑥 4 3𝑥 3 𝑥2 3𝑥 2
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑦 − 6 = 0 − − − + =0
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
3 2
𝑦(𝑦 − 2) + 3(𝑦 − 2) = 0 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 − + =0
𝑥 𝑥2
(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 + 3) = 0 2 2 3
2𝑥 + − 3𝑥 − − 1 = 0
𝑦−2 =0 , 𝑦+3=0 𝑥2 𝑥
2 1 1
𝑦 = 2 , 𝑦 = −3 2 (𝑥 + ) − 3 (𝑥 + ) − 1 = 0
𝑥2 𝑥
If 𝒚 = 2 then, if 𝒚 = −3 then, 𝟏
1 1 Put 𝒙+ = 𝒚 then,
𝒙
𝑥+ =2 𝑥 + = −3
𝑥 𝑥

9|Page
Class 11 Chapter 4
1 2 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
(𝑥 + ) = 𝑦 2
𝑥
1
, 𝑥+2=0
𝑥2 + = 𝑦2 − 2 𝑥=
1
𝑥2
2
Given equation takes form , 𝑥 = −2
2(𝑦 2 − 2) − 3𝑦 − 1 = 0
2𝑦 2 − 4 − 3𝑦 − 1 = 0
2𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 − 5 = 0 S. S = {𝟏, −𝟏, 𝟐, −𝟐 }
2𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑦 − 5 = 0
Question#23
2𝑦(𝑦 + 1) − 5(𝑦 + 1) = 0
(𝑦 + 1)(2𝑦 − 5) = 0
𝟔𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
𝑦 + 1 = 0 , 2𝑦 − 5 = 0 Solution:
5 6𝑥 4 35𝑥 3 35𝑥 62𝑥 2
6
𝑦 = −1 , 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥2 𝑥2
+ + 𝑥2 = 0
𝑥2
−
2 𝑥
5 2 35 6
If 𝒚 = −1 then, if 𝒚 =
2
then, 6𝑥 − 35𝑥 + 62 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 0
1 1 5 6 35
𝑥+ = −1 𝑥+ = 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 − 35𝑥 − 𝑥 + 62 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 2
2 2
𝑥 + 1 = −𝑥 2𝑥 + 2 = 5𝑥 1 1
𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
6 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 ) − 3 (𝑥 + 𝑥) + 62 = 0
−3±√5 𝟏
S. S = {1 , } Put 𝒙 + 𝒙 = 𝒚 then,
2
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 1 2
Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 𝟐 = 0 (𝑥 + 𝑥) = 𝑦 2
−1±√(1)2 −4(1)(1) 1
𝑥= 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) − 2(2𝑥 − 1) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥2 − 2 = 𝑦 2
2(1)
Given equation takes form

pk
0
−1±√1−4 6(𝑦 2 − 2) − 35𝑦 + 62 = 0
𝑥= (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
2 6𝑦 2 − 12 − 35𝑦 + 62 = 0
−1±√3√−1
𝑥= 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 6𝑦 2 − 15𝑦 − 20𝑦 + 50 = 0
s.
2
, 𝑥−2=0 3𝑦(2𝑦 − 5) − 10(2𝑦 − 5) = 0
−1±√3ⅈ 1 (2𝑦 − 5)(3𝑦 − 10) = 0
𝑥= 𝑥= 𝑥=2
2𝑦 − 5 = 0 , 3𝑦 − 10 = 0
te
2 2
5 10
𝑦= , 𝑦=
𝟏 1±√3ⅈ 2 3
S. S = {𝟐, , } 5 10
𝟐 2 If 𝒚 = then, if 𝒚 = then,
no

2 3
Question#22 1 5 1 10
𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 𝑥+ = 𝑥+ =
𝑥 2 𝑥 3
2 2
Solution: 2𝑥 + 2 = 5𝑥 3𝑥 + 3 = 10𝑥
2𝑥 4 3𝑥 3 4𝑥 2 3𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 3 = 0
sy

+ − − + =0
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
3
𝑥2
2
𝑥2 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 2 = 0 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 3 =
2
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 − + =0 0
𝑥 𝑥2
2𝑥 2 +
2
+ 3𝑥 − − 4 = 0
3 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) − 2(2𝑥 − 1) = 0 𝑥(3𝑥 − 1) −
𝑥2
ea

𝑥
1 1 3(3𝑥 − 1) = 0
2 (𝑥 2 + ) + 3 (𝑥 − ) − 4 = 0 (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0 (3𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) =
𝑥2 𝑥
𝟏
Put 𝒙− = 𝒚 then, 0
𝒙
1 2
2𝑥 − 1 = 0 , 𝑥 − 2 = 0 3𝑥 − 1 = 0 , 𝑥 − 3 =
(𝑥 − ) = 𝑦 2 0
𝑥
1 1
𝑥2 + − 2 = 𝑦2 𝑥= , 𝑥=2 3𝑥 − 1 = 0 , 𝑥 −
𝑥2 2
Given equation takes form 3=0
2(𝑦 2 + 2) + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0 3𝑥 − 1 = 0
2𝑦 2 + 4 + 3𝑦 − 4 = 0 , 𝑥−3=0
1
2𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 = 0 𝑥=
3
𝑦(2𝑦 + 3) = 0 , 𝑥=3
−3
𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1 1
2 S. S = { ,2 , ,3}
−3 2 3
If 𝒚 = 𝟎 then, if 𝒚 = then, Question#24
2
1 1 3 𝟔 𝟏
𝑥− =0 𝑥− =− 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎 − + =𝟎
𝑥 𝑥 2 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟒
𝑥2 − 1 = 0 2𝑥 2 − 2 = −3𝑥 Solution:
𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 1
𝑥 4 + 4 − 6𝑥 2 −
6
+ 10 = 0
𝑥 𝑥2
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 2 = 1 1
0 𝑥4 + − 6 (𝑥 2 + ) + 10 = 0
𝑥4 𝑥2
𝟏
𝑥−1=0 , 𝑥+1=0 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) + 2(2𝑥 − Put 𝒙 + 𝟐
= 𝒚 then,
𝒙𝟐
1) = 0 1 2
𝑥=1 , 𝑥 = −1 (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 0 (𝑥 2 + ) = 𝑦2
𝑥2

10 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
1
𝑥4 + + 2 = 𝑦2 Type v. Radical Equation:
𝑥4
𝑥4 +
1
= 𝑦2 − 2
Equation involving radical expression of the variable
𝑥4 are called radical equations. e.g.;
Given equation takes form
(𝑦 2 − 2) − 6𝑦 + 10 = 0 √2𝑥 + 8 + √𝑥 + 5 − 7 = 0
𝑦 2 − 2 − 6𝑦 + 10 = 0 Extraneous roots:
𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 8 = 0 A root that does not satisfied given equation is called
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 8 = 0 an extraneous root.
𝑦(𝑦 − 2) − 4(𝑦 − 2) = 0 i) The equation of the form
2
(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 − 4) = 0 𝑙(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥) + 𝑚√𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑦−2 =0 , 𝑦−4 =0 Question rerated of the form
𝑦 = 2, 𝑦 = 4 Q1,2,10
If 𝒚 = 2 then, if 𝒚 = 4 then, ii) The equations of the form
2 1 1
𝑥 + 2 =𝑦 𝑥2 + 2 = 𝑦 √𝒙 + 𝒂 + √𝒙 + 𝒃 = √𝒙 + 𝒄
𝑥 𝑥
2 1 2 1 Question related to this type Q3,4,5
𝑥 + =2 𝑥 + =4
𝑥2 𝑥2
4
𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑥 2
𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥2
4 iii) The equation of the form
𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 √𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 + √𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 =
(𝑥 2 − 1)2 = 0 (𝑥 2 )2 − 4𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 √𝒍𝒙𝟐 + 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒏
𝑥2 − 1 = 0 Let 𝑥 2 = 𝑧 , then Where 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 and
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 + 1 = 0 𝑥 2 + 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛 Have common factor.
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥−1=0 , 𝑥+1=0 𝑧= Questions related to this type Q7,8,9
2𝑎

pk
−(−4)±√(−4)2 −4(1)(1) iv) The equation of the form
𝑥=1 , 𝑥 = −1 𝑧=
2(1) √𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 + √𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒏
4±√16−4
𝑧= Where 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓
2

𝑧=
4±2√3 s. 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 − (𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟)
2
2(2±√3)
𝑧=
2
te
𝑧 = 2 ± √3 Exercise 4.3
no

As, , 𝑥 2 = 𝑧
Solve the following equations:
So, 𝑥 2 = 2 ± √3
Question#1
𝑥 = √2 ± √3 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − √𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟑
sy

Solution:
S. S = {1 , −1 , √2 ± √3} Put √𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝒚
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 𝑦 2
ea

3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 𝑦 2 + 1
Then given equation takes form
𝑦2 + 1 − 𝑦 = 7
𝑦2 − 𝑦 + 1 − 7 = 0
𝑦2 − 𝑦 − 6 = 0
𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑦 − 6 = 0
𝑦(𝑦 + 2) − 3(𝑦 + 2) = 0
(𝑦 + 2)(𝑦 − 3) = 0
𝑦+2=0 ,𝑦 −3 = 0
𝑦 = −2 , 𝑦 = 3
If 𝒚 = −𝟐 then,
√3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = −2
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 4
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 − 4 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 5 = 0
3𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 5(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 5) = 0
𝑥 − 1 = 0 , 3𝑥 + 5 = 0
5
𝑥 = −1 , 𝑥 = − 3
If 𝒚 = 𝟑 then,

11 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
√3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 3 −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Using 𝑥 = 2𝑎
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 9
−(−3)±√(−𝟑)2 −4(2)(−62)
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 − 9 = 0 𝑥= 2(2)
3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 10 = 0 3±√9+496
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
4
Using 𝑥 = 2𝑎 3±√505
𝑥= 4
−(2)±√(2)2 −4(3)(−10)
𝑥= 2(3) 3±√505
On checking we found that 4
−2±√4+120
𝑥= are extraneous roots. Hence,
6
−2±√124 −1
𝑥= S. S = { 2 , 2
}
6
−2±√4×13 Question#3
𝑥= 6
√𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖 + √𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟕
−2±2√13
𝑥= 6
Solution:
−2(−1±√13) Squaring on both sides
𝑥= 2
6
(√2𝑥 + 8 + √𝑥 + 5) = (7)2
−1±√13
𝑥= 2 2
3 (√2𝑥 + 8) + (√𝑥 + 5) + 2√2𝑥 + 8. √𝑥 + 5 = 49
5
On checking we found that 1 and − are 2𝑥 + 8 + 𝑥 + 5 + 2√(2𝑥 + 8)(𝑥 + 5) = 49
3
Extraneous roots. Hence, 3𝑥 + 13 + 2√2𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 40 = 49
−1±√13
S. S = { } 2√2𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 40 = 49 − 3𝑥 − 13

pk
3
Question#2 2√2𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 40 = 36 − 3𝑥
𝒙
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 − 𝟕 = 𝒙 − 𝟑√𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 Squaring on both sides
s. 4(2𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 + 40) = (36 − 3𝑥 )2
Solution:
8𝑥 2 + 72𝑥 + 160 = 1296 + 9𝑥 2 − 216𝑥
Multiplying by 2
9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 2 − 216𝑥 − 72𝑥 + 1296 − 160 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 14 = 2𝑥 − 6√2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
te
𝑥 2 − 288𝑥 + 1136 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 14 − 2𝑥 + 6√2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 284𝑥 + 1136 = 0
Put √𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝒚 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) − 284(𝑥 − 4) = 0
no

2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 𝑦 2 (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 284) = 0
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 2 𝑥 − 4 = 0 , 𝑥 − 284 = 0
Then given equation takes form 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑥 = 284
sy

𝑦 2 − 2 − 14 + 6𝑦 = 0 On checking we found that 284

𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 − 16 = 0 is an extraneous root. Hence,
𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 8𝑦 − 16 = 0 S. S = { 4 }
ea

𝑦(𝑦 − 2) + 8(𝑦 − 2) = 0 Question#4

(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 + 8) = 0 √𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟐 + √𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒
𝑦−2=0 ,𝑦 +8 = 0 Solution:
𝑦 = 2 , 𝑦 = −8 √3𝑥 + 4 − √2𝑥 − 4 = 2
If 𝒚 = 𝟐 then, Squaring on both sides
√2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 2 (√3𝑥 + 4 − √2𝑥 − 4) = (2)2
2

2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 4 2 2
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 − 4 = 0 (√3𝑥 + 4) + (√2𝑥 − 4) + 2√3𝑥 + 4. √2𝑥 − 4 = 4
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 3𝑥 + 4 + 2𝑥 − 4 + 2√(3𝑥 + 4)(2𝑥 − 4) = 4
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 5𝑥 − 2√6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 16 = 4
𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) − 2(2𝑥 + 1) = 0 −2√6𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 16 = 4 − 5𝑥
(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
−2√6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16 = 4 − 5𝑥
2𝑥 + 1 = 0 , 𝑥 − 2 = 0 Squaring on both sides
−1
𝑥= , 𝑥=2 4(6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 16) = (4 − 5𝑥 )2
2
If 𝒚 = −𝟖 then, 24𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 64 = 16 + 25𝑥 2 − 40𝑥
√2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = −8 25𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 + 16𝑥 + 16 + 64 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 64 𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 80 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 − 64 = 0 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 20𝑥 + 80 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 62 = 0 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) − 20(𝑥 − 4) = 0
(𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 20) = 0

12 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
𝑥 − 4 = 0 , 𝑥 − 20 = 0 𝟑 𝟏
If 𝒂 = 𝟐 then , If 𝒃 = 𝟐 then ,
𝑥 = 4 , 𝑥 = 20 3 1
On checking we found that no root √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 2
is an extraneous root. Hence, 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 3 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 = 3
S. S = { 4 ,20 } Squaring on both sides Squaring on
Question#5 both sides
√𝒙 + 𝟕 + √𝒙 + 𝟐 = √𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟑
Solution: 4(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) = 9 4(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 −
Squaring on both sides 1) = 9
2
(√𝑥 + 7 + √𝑥 + 2) = (√6𝑥 + 13)
2 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 9 = 0 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 +
2 2 4−9=0
(√𝑥 + 7) + (√𝑥 + 2) + 2√𝑥 + 7. √𝑥 + 2 = 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 0 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 0
13 Solving any one
𝑥 + 7 + 𝑥 + 2 + 2√(𝑥 + 7)(𝑥 + 2) = 6𝑥 + 13 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 0
2𝑥 + 9 + 2√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 14 = 6𝑥 + 13 Using 𝑥 =
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
2√𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 14 = 6𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 13 − 9 −(4)±√(4)2 −4(4)(−5)
2√𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 14 = 4𝑥 + 4 𝑥= 2(4)
√𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 14 = 2𝑥 + 2 𝑥=
−4±√16+80
8
Squaring on both sides −4±√96
𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 14 = (2𝑥 + 2)2 𝑥=
8

pk
𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 14 = 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 𝑥=
−4±√16×6
4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 4 − 14 = 0 8
−4±4√6
3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 10 = 0 s. 𝑥= 8
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 10 = 0 4(−1±√13)
𝑥=
3𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 5(𝑥 − 2) = 0 8
−1±√6
(𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 + 5) = 0 𝑥=
te
2
𝑥 − 2 = 0 , 3𝑥 + 5 = 0 On checking we found that no root is an
5
𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 = −3 extraneous root. Hence,
no

5 −1±√6
On checking we found that − 3 is an S. S = { }
2
extraneous root. Hence, Question#7
S. S = { 2 } √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟖 = √𝟓(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)
sy

Question#6 Solution:
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 + √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟏 Factorizing the factor under the radical sign
√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 3 + √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 8 =
Solution:
ea

√5(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 4) = 0
Put √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝒂 , √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝒃 √𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 3(𝑥 − 1) + √𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 8(𝑥 − 1) =
Then given equation takes form √5[𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 3(𝑥 − 1)]
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 1 . . . (1) √(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) + √(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 8) − √5[(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)] = 0
To find a and b we find that √(𝑥 − 1) {√(𝑥 + 3) + √(𝑥 + 8) − √5(𝑥 + 4)} = 0
2 2
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) − (√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)
√(𝑥 − 1) = 0 , √(𝑥 + 3) + √(𝑥 + 8) −
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1)
√5(𝑥 + 4) = 0
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 2 ∵ 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑥−1=0 , √(𝑥 + 3) + √(𝑥 + 8) = √5(𝑥 + 4)
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 2 . . . (2) 𝑥=1 , Squaring on both sides
2 2
Putting values of 𝒂 − 𝒃 from (𝟏) in (𝟐) (√(𝑥 + 3) + √(𝑥 + 8)) = (√5(𝑥 + 4))
1(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 2
𝑥 + 3 + 𝑥 + 8 + 2√(𝑥 + 3) + √(𝑥 + 8) = 5(𝑥 + 4)
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 2 . . . (3)
Adding (1) and (3) 2𝑥 + 11 + 2√𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 24 = 5𝑥 + 20
𝑎−𝑏 =1 2√𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 24 = 5𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 20 − 11
𝑎+𝑏 =2 2√𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 24 = 3𝑥 + 9
2𝑎 = 3 Squaring again
3
⇒𝑎= 4(𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 + 24) = (3𝑥 + 9 )2
2
Putting values of a in (𝟏) 4𝑥 2 + 44𝑥 + 96 = 9𝑥 2 + 54𝑥 + 81
3 3−2 1 9𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 + 54𝑥 − 44𝑥 + 88 − 96 = 0
2
−1=𝑏 ⇒𝑏 = 2 =2
13 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
2 72𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 2 − 108𝑥 + 24𝑥 + 40 − 9 = 0
5𝑥 + 10𝑥 − 15 = 0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0 56𝑥 2 − 84𝑥 + 31 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 3 = 0 Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 3(𝑥 − 1) = 0 −(−84)±√(−84)2 −4(56)(31)
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) = 0 𝑥=
2(3)
𝑥 − 1 = 0 ,𝑥 +3 = 0 𝑥=
84±√7056−6994
112
𝑥 = 1 , 𝑥 = −3 84±√112
𝑥=
On checking we found that no root is an 112
84±√16×7
extraneous root. Hence, 𝑥=
112
S. S = {1 , −3 } 84±4√7
𝑥=
Question#8 112
4(21±4√7)
√𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 + 𝟑√𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = √𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 𝑥=
112
Solution: 21±√7
𝑥=
Factorizing the factor under the radical sign 28
On checking we found that no root is an
√2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 3 + 3√2𝑥 + 1 =
extraneous root. Hence,
√2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 24𝑥 + 12 = 0 21±√7
√𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) − 3(2𝑥 + 1) + 3√2𝑥 + 1 = S. S = { }
28

√𝑥(2𝑥 + 1) + 12(2𝑥 + 1) Question#10

(𝒙 + 𝟒)(𝒙 + 𝟏) = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝟏
√(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) + 3√2𝑥 + 1 − √(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 12) = 0
Solution:
√(2𝑥 + 1) {√(𝑥 − 3) + 3 − √(𝑥 + 12)} = 0 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 + 3𝑥 + 31

pk
√2𝑥 + 1 = 0 , √(𝑥 − 3) + 3 − √(𝑥 + 12) = 0 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 4 = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 + 3𝑥 + 31
2𝑥 + 1 = 0 , √(𝑥 − 3) + 3 = √5(𝑥 + 12) 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 4 − 31 − √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 0
𝒙=
−𝟏
, Squaring on both sides 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 27 − √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 0
𝟐
2
(√(𝑥 − 3) + 3) = (√(𝑥 + 12))
2
s.
Put √𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝒚
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 𝑦 2 + 15
𝑥 − 3 + 9 + 2(3)√𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 + 12 Then given equation takes form
te
𝑥 + 6 + 6√𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 + 12 𝑦 2 + 15 − 27 − 𝑦 = 0
6√𝑥 − 3 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 12 − 6 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 − 12 = 0
𝑦 2 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑦 − 12 = 0
no

6√𝑥 − 3 = 6
𝑦(𝑦 + 3) − 4(𝑦 + 3) = 0
√𝑥 − 3 = 1
(𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 − 4) = 0
𝑥−3=1
𝑦+3 =0 ,𝑦 −4 = 0
𝑥=4
sy

𝑦 = −3 , 𝑦 = 4
On checking we found that no root is an
If 𝒚 = 𝟒 then,
extraneous root. Hence,
S. S = {4 } √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = −3
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 + 9 = 0
ea

Question#9
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 24 = 0
√𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 + √𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙 + 𝟓 = √𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟒
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
Solution: Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
Factorizing the factor under the radical sign −(𝟐)±√(𝟐)2 −4(2)(−31)
√𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 + √6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 5 = √5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥=
2(2)
√3𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − 2(𝑥 − 1) + √6𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − 5(𝑥 − 1) = −2±√4+124
𝑥=
√5𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − 4(𝑥 − 1) 4
−2±√128
√(𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 − 2) + √(𝑥 − 1)(6𝑥 − 5) − √(𝑥 − 1)(5𝑥 − 4) = 0 𝑥=
4
√(𝑥 − 1) {√(3𝑥 − 2) + √(6𝑥 − 5) − √5𝑥 − 4} = 0 −2±8√2
𝑥=
2
√(𝑥 − 1) = 0 , √(3𝑥 − 2) + √(6𝑥 − 5) − √5𝑥 − 4 𝑥=
−2±8√64×2
2
𝑥−1=0 , √(3𝑥 − 2) + √(6𝑥 − 5) = √5𝑥 − 4 2(−1±4√2)
𝒙=𝟏 , Squaring on both sides 𝑥=
2
2 2 𝑥 = −1 ± 4√2
(√(3𝑥 − 2) + √(6𝑥 − 5)) = (√5𝑥 − 4)
2 2
If 𝒚 = −𝟑 then,
(√(3𝑥 − 2)) + (√(6𝑥 − 5)) + 2√(3𝑥 − 2)(6𝑥 − 5) = 5𝑥 − 4 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 9
3𝑥 − 2 + 6𝑥 − 5 + 2√(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 8) = 5𝑥 − 4 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 − 9 = 0
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 124 = 0
9𝑥 − 7 + 2√18𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 10 = 5𝑥 − 4
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 124 = 0
2√18𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 10 = 5𝑥 − 9𝑥 − 4 + 7 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) + 6(𝑥 − 4) = 0
2√18𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 10 = 3 − 4𝑥 (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 6) = 0
Squaring again 𝑥 − 4 = 0 ,𝑥 + 6 = 0
4(18𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 10) = (3 − 4𝑥 )2 𝑥 = 4 , 𝑥 = −6

14 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
On checking we found that 4, −6, are extraneous 𝑎+𝑏 =𝑥+4
roots. Hence, 2𝑎 = 2𝑥
S. S = { −1 ± 4√2 } ⇒𝑎=𝑥
Question#11 Putting values of a in (𝟏)
√𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 + √𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟑 𝑥−𝑏 =𝑥−4⇒𝑏 =4
Solution: If 𝒂 = 𝒙 then, If 𝒃 = 𝟒 then,
2 2
Put √𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 = 𝒂 , √𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝒃 √5𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥 √4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 18 = 4
2 2
Then given equation takes form 5𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 18 = 16
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 13 . . . (1)
To find a and b we find that 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥 2 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 18 − 16 =
2 2 0
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (√3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 9) − (√3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4) 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 = 0 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 9 − 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 13 Solving any one
∵ 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 = 0
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 13 . . . (2) −𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
Putting values of 𝒂 − 𝒃 from (𝟏) in (𝟐) Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
13(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 13 𝑥=
−(7)±√(7)2 −4(4)(2)
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 1 . . . (3) 2(4)
−7±√49−32
Adding (𝟏) and (𝟑) 𝑥=
8
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 13 −4±√17
𝑎−𝑏 =1 𝑥=
8
2𝑎 = 14 On checking we found that no root is an

pk
⇒𝑎=7 extraneous root. Hence,
−4±√17
Putting values of a in (𝟏) S. S = { }
8
7 + 𝑏 = 13 ⇒ 𝑏 = 6
If 𝑎 = 7 then ,
2
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 9 = 7
2
If 𝑏 = 6 then ,
√3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4 = 6
s.
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 9 = 49 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4 = 36
te
2
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 40 = 0 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 40 = 0
Solving any one
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 40 = 0
no

3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 10𝑥 − 40 = 0
3𝑥(𝑥 − 4) + 10(𝑥 − 4) = 0
(𝑥 − 4)(3𝑥 + 10) = 0
sy

𝑥 − 4 = 0 ,3 𝑥 + 10 = 0
−10
𝑥 =4, 𝑥 =
3
On checking we found that no root is an
ea

extraneous root. Hence,

−10
S. S = {4, }
3
Question 12.
√𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟐 − √𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝒙 − 𝟒
Solution:
Put √𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝒂 , √𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝒃
Then given equation takes form
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝑥 − 4 . . . (1)
To find a and b we find that
2 2
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (√5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2) − (√4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 18)
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 − (4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 18)
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 − 4𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 18
𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 𝑥 2 − 16 ∵ 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
2 2 2 2
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (𝑥) − (4)
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4) . . . (2)
Putting values of 𝒂 − 𝒃 from (𝟏) in (𝟐)
(𝑥 − 4)(𝑎 + 𝑏) = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4)
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑥 + 4 . . . (3)

Adding (𝟏) and (𝟑) Important Note:

𝑎−𝑏 =𝑥−4
15 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
We know that the numbers containing 𝑖 are called −1 + √3𝑖 −1 − √3𝑖
−1+√3ⅈ −1−√3ⅈ
1. 𝑤. 𝑤 2 = 1 × ×
complex nos. so , are complex or 2 2
2 2
imaginary roots of cube roots of unity.” 2
(−1 + √3𝑖)(−1 − √3𝑖) (−1)2 − (√3𝑖)
 Every non-zero real number has one real 3
𝑤 = =
2 4
and two complex cube roots.
−1+√3ⅈ −1−√3ⅈ
 Let 𝑤 = , 𝑤2 = 3
1 − 3𝑖 2 1 + 3 4
2 2 𝑤 = = = =1
So 4 4 4
1, 𝑤, 𝑤 2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦. 𝑤 3 = 1 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑
Properties of Cube Roots of Unity: iv) For any 𝒏 ∈ 𝒁 , 𝒘𝒏 𝒊𝒔 equivalent to
i) Each complex cube of unity is square one of the cube roots of unity.
of the other. Proof:
Proof: 𝑤 4 = 𝑤63 . 𝑤 = (1)𝑤 = 𝑤
𝑤 5 = 𝑤 3 . 𝑤 2 = (1). 𝑤 2 = 𝑤 2
We know that complex cube roots of unity are
𝑤 6 = 𝑤 3 . 𝑤 3 = (1)(1) = 1
−1 + √3𝑖 −1 − √3𝑖
and 𝑤 15 = (𝑤 3 )5 = (1)5 = 1
2 2 𝑤 17 = (𝑤 3 )5 . 𝑤 2 = (1)5 . 𝑤 2 = 𝑤 2
−1+√3ⅈ
Let 𝑤 = 𝑤 10 = 𝑤 9 . 𝑤 = (𝑤 3 )3 . 𝑤 = (1)3 . 𝑤 = 𝑤
2
−1+√3ⅈ
2
𝑤 −1 = 𝑤 −3 (𝑤 2 )(𝑤 3 )−1 (𝑤 2 ) = (1)−1 . 𝑤 2 = 𝑤

pk
 𝑤2 = ( ) 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
2 𝑤 −5 = 𝑤 −6 . 𝑤 = (𝑤 3 )−2 = (1)−2 . 𝑤 = 𝑤
2 −12
(−1) 2
+ (√2𝑖) + 2(−1)(√3 𝑖) 𝑤 = (𝑤 3 )−4 = (1)−4 = 1 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑c
𝑤2 =
4 Four fourth roots of Unity:
𝑤2 =
1+3ⅈ 2 −2√3ⅈ
4
=
1+3(−1)−√3ⅈ
4
s. 𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒙 𝒃𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚.
4
1
te
1 − 3 − 2√3𝑖 −2 − 2√3𝑖 ∵ 𝑥 = √1 = (1)4
2
𝑤 = = 1 4
4 2  𝑥 4 = [(1)4 ] ⇒ 𝑥 4 = 1
−1 − √3𝑖 −1 − √3𝑖
no

𝑤2 = 2 ( )=  𝑥 4 − 1 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 2 )2 − (1)2 = 0
4 2
 (𝑥 2 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 1) = 0
Which is other root  𝑥 2 − 1 = 0, 𝑥2 + 1 = 0
sy

Hence proved.  𝑥 2 = 1, 𝑥 2 = −1
ii) 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒓𝒆𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚  𝑥 = ±1, 𝑥 = ±√−1 = ±𝑖
𝒊𝒔 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐. 𝒊. 𝒆  So four roots of unity are 1, −1, 𝑖, −𝑖
ea

1 + 𝑤 + 𝑤2 = 0
Properties of four fourth Roots of unity.
Proof :
i) Sum of four forth roots of unity is zero.
We know that three cube roots of unity are 1.
𝒊. 𝒆 𝟏 + (−𝟏) + 𝒊(−𝒊) = 𝟎
−1+√3ⅈ −1−√3ⅈ
𝑤 = 2 , 𝑤2 = 2 ii) 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒
Now 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟. 𝑖. 𝑒
−1 + √3𝑖 −1 − √3𝑖 𝟏 + (−𝟏) = (−𝟏) + 𝟏 = 𝟎
1 + 𝑤 + 𝑤2 = 1 + + iii) Both the complex fourth roots of unity
2 2
2 − 1 + √3𝑖 − 1 − √3𝑖 2 − 2 are conjugate of each other.
= = =0 𝑖. 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖 = −𝑖
2 2
Hence proved. 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 − 𝑖 = 𝑖
 1 + 𝑤 + 𝑤2 = 0 iv) Product of all the fourth roots of unity
iii) Product of all the three cube roots of is -1
2
unity is unity. 1. 𝑤. 𝑤 = 1 𝒊. 𝒆 𝟏 × (−𝟏) × 𝒊 × (−𝒊)
Proof: −𝟏 × (−𝒊𝟐 ) = 𝒊𝟐 = −𝟏
We know that three cube roots of unity are
−1+√3ⅈ −1−√3ⅈ
1, 𝑤 = 2
, 𝑤2 = 2
So,

16 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
Question#2
Exercise 4.4 Evaluate:
(𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 9) = 0 𝟖
(𝒊). (𝟏 + 𝝎 − 𝝎𝟐 )
(𝑥 − 3) = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 9 = 0
Solution:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 (1 + 𝜔 − 𝜔2 )8 = (1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 − 2𝜔2 )8
𝑥 = 3 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 =
2𝑎 = (0 − 2𝜔2 )8 ∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0
−(3) ± √(3)2 − 4(1)(9) 8
= (2) . (𝜔 )2 8
𝑥= = 256𝜔16
2(1)
(−3) ± √9 − 36 −(−2) ± √−27 = 256𝜔15 . 𝜔
𝑥= ⇒𝑥= = 256(𝜔3 )5 . 𝜔
2 2 ∵ 𝜔3 = 1
−(−2) ± √9 × (−3) = 256(1 )5 . 𝜔
𝑥=
2 = 256𝜔
(−3) ± 3√× (−3) (𝒊𝒊). 𝝎𝟐𝟖 + 𝝎𝟐𝟗 + 𝟏
𝑥=
2 Solution:
−1 ± √3𝑖 𝜔28 + 𝜔29 + 1 = 𝜔27 . 𝜔 + 𝜔27 . 𝜔2 + 1
𝑥 = 3( ) = (𝜔3 )9 . 𝜔 + (𝜔3 )9 . 𝜔2 + 1
2
−1+√3ⅈ −1−√3ⅈ
∵ 𝜔3 = 1
𝑥 = 3( ) , 𝑥 = 3( ) = (1)9 . 𝜔 + (1)9 . 𝜔2 + 1
2 2
𝑥 = 3𝑤, 𝑥 = 3𝑤 2 = 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 1

pk
Hence cube roots of 27 𝑎𝑟𝑒3,3𝑤, 3𝑤 2 ∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0
(𝒊𝒗). . Let 𝒙 be a cube root of 𝟖 then, =0
1 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). (𝟏 + 𝝎 − 𝝎𝟐 )(𝟏 − 𝝎 + 𝝎𝟐 )
𝑥 = (−27)3 ⇒ 𝑥 3 = −27 s. Solution:
⇒ 𝑥 3 + 27 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥)3 + (3)3
= (1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 − 2𝜔2 )(1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 − 2𝜔)
⇒ (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9) = 0
∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0
te
⇒ 𝑥 + 3 = 0 , 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9 = 0
= (0 − 2𝜔2 )(0 − 2𝜔)
⇒ 𝑥 = −3 , 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9 = 0
= (−2𝜔2 )(−2𝜔)
no

−(−3)±√(−3)2 −4(1)(9)
𝑥= 2(1)
= 4𝜔3
3±√9−36 ∵ 𝜔3 = 1
= 2 = 4(1) = 4
3±√−27
sy

𝟕 𝟕
= 2 (𝒊𝒗). (
−𝟏+√−𝟑
) + (
−𝟏−√−𝟑
)
𝟐 𝟐
3±3√−3
= 2 Solution:
−1+√−3 −1−√−3
ea

𝑥=
−1−√−3 −1+√−3
−3 [ 2 ] or 𝑥 = −3 [ 2 ] = 𝜔7 + (𝜔2 )7 ∵𝜔= 2
, 𝜔2 = 2
⇒ 𝑥 = −3𝜔 or 𝑥 = −3𝜔 2 = 𝜔7 + 𝜔14
Hence the cube roots of −27 are = 𝜔6 . 𝜔 + 𝜔12 . 𝜔2
−3 , −3𝜔 , −3𝜔2 = (𝜔3 )9 . 𝜔 + (𝜔3 )9 . 𝜔2 + 1
(𝒗). ∵ 𝜔3 = 1
1 = (1)9 . 𝜔 + (1)9 . 𝜔2 + 1
𝑥 = (64)3 ⇒ 𝑥 3 = 64
= 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 1
⇒ 𝑥 3 − 64 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥)3 − (4)3
∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 16) = 0
=0
⇒ 𝑥 − 4 = 0 , 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 = 0 𝟓 𝟓
⇒𝑥=4 , 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 16 = 0 (𝒗). (−𝟏 + √−𝟑) + (−𝟏 − √−𝟑)
−(4)±√(4)2 −4(1)(16) Solution:
𝑥= 2(1) 5 5
−1+√−3 −1−√−3
−4±√16−64 (2. 2
) + (2. 2
)
= 2 −1+√−3 −1−√−3
−4±√−48 = (2𝜔)5 + (2𝜔2 )5 ∵𝜔= 2
, 𝜔2 = 2
=
2 = 32𝜔5 + 32𝜔10
−4±4√−3
= 2
= 32𝜔3 . 𝜔2 + 32𝜔9 . 𝜔1
−1+√−3 −1−√−3 = 32(1). 𝜔2 + 32(1). 𝜔
𝑥= 4 [ 2 ] or 𝑥 = 4 [ 2 ]
= 32(𝜔 + 𝜔2 )
2
⇒ 𝑥 = 4𝜔 or 𝑥 = 4𝜔 ∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0
Hence the cube roots of 64 are 4 , 4𝜔 , 4𝜔2 = 32(−1)
17 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
= −32 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0 . . . . (𝑖𝑖)
Question#3 To prove 𝝎𝟐 is the root of (𝒊),
Show that: Consider
(𝒊). 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑 = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 − 𝝎𝒚)(𝒙 − 𝝎𝟐 𝒚) (𝜔2 )2 + 𝜔2 + 1 = 𝜔4 + 2𝜔2 + 1 − 𝜔2
Solution: = (𝜔2 + 1)2 − 𝜔2
𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝜔𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝜔2 𝑦) = (𝜔2 + 1 + 𝜔)(𝜔2 + 1 − 𝜔)
= (𝑥 − 𝑦)[𝑥(𝑥 − 𝜔2 𝑦) − 𝜔𝑦(𝑥 − 𝜔2 𝑦)] = (0)(𝜔2 + 1 − 𝜔) from (𝑖)
= (𝑥 − 𝑦)[𝑥 2 − 𝜔2 𝑥𝑦 − 𝜔𝑥𝑦 + 𝜔3 𝑦 2 ] ⇒ (𝜔2 )2 + 𝜔2 + 1 = 0 . . . (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
∵ 𝜔3 = 1 𝝎𝟐 is the root of (𝒊)
∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0 Now subtracting (𝒊𝒊) from (𝒊𝒊𝒊)
= (𝑥 − 𝑦)[𝑥 2 − (𝜔2 + 𝜔)𝑥𝑦 + (1)𝑦 2 ] (𝜔2 )2 + 𝜔2 + 1 = 0
∵ 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = −1 𝜔2 + 𝜔 + 1 = 0
= (𝑥 − 𝑦)[𝑥 2 − (−1)𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ] − − −
= (𝑥 − 𝑦)[𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ] = 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 𝜔4 −𝜔 =0
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒛𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝒛 3
⇒ 𝜔(𝜔 − 1) = 0
= (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)(𝒙 + 𝝎𝒚 + 𝝎𝟐 𝒛)(𝒙 + 𝝎𝟐 𝒚 ⇒ 𝜔3 − 1 = 0 , ⇒ 𝜔 ≠ 0
+ 𝝎𝒛)
⇒ 𝜔3 = 1
Solution: Hence proved.
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 + 𝜔𝑦 + 𝜔2 𝑧)(𝑥 + 𝜔2 𝑦 +
Question#5
𝜔𝑧)
Prove that complex cube roots of −𝟏 are
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 2 + 𝜔2 𝑥𝑧 + 𝜔𝑥𝑧 + 𝜔𝑥𝑦 + 𝜔3 𝑦 2 +

pk
𝟏+√𝟑𝒊 𝟏−√𝟑𝒊
𝜔2 𝑦𝑧 + 𝜔2 𝑥𝑧 + 𝜔4 𝑦𝑧 + 𝜔3 𝑧 2 ) 𝟐
and 𝟐
hence prove that
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 2 + (𝜔2 + 𝜔)𝑥𝑦 + (𝜔2 + 𝜔)𝑥𝑧 + 𝟏+√−𝟑
𝟗
𝟏−√−𝟑
𝟗
( ) + ( ) =𝟐
(𝜔2 + 𝜔4 )𝑦𝑧 + 𝜔3 𝑦 2 + 𝜔3 𝑧 2 ) s. 𝟐 𝟐
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 2 + (−1)𝑥𝑦 + (−1)𝑥𝑧 + (𝜔2 + Solution:
𝜔)𝑦𝑧 + (1)𝑦 2 + (1)𝑧 2 ) . Let 𝑥 be a cube root of 8 then,
1
te
∵ 𝜔4 = 𝜔 , 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = −1 𝑥 = (−1)3 ⇒ 𝑥 3 = −1
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + −𝑥𝑧 + (−1)𝑦𝑧) ⇒ 𝑥 3 + 1 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥)3 + (1)3
= (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑧 − 𝑦𝑧) ⇒ (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) = 0
no

= 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑥 + 1 = 0 , 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 9 = 0
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). (𝟏 + 𝝎)(𝟏 + 𝝎𝟐 )(𝟏 + 𝝎𝟒 )(𝟏 + 𝝎𝟖 ). . . 𝟐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 = 𝟏 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1 , 𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0
Hint: 𝟏 + 𝝎𝟒 = 𝟏 + 𝝎𝟑 . 𝝎 = +𝝎𝟐 , 𝟏 = −(−1)±√(−1)2 −4(1)(1)
𝑥=
sy

Solution: 2(1)
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )(1 + 𝜔4 )(1 + 1±√1−4
= 2
𝜔8 ). . .2𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 1±√−3
ea

= [(1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )][(1 + 𝜔4 )(1 + = 2

𝜔8 )]. . . 𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 1±√−3
= 2
= [(1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )][(1 + 𝜔3 . 𝜔)(1 +
1+√−3 1−√−3
𝜔6 . 𝜔2 )]. . . 𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 ⇒ 𝑥= 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2
= [(1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )][(1 + 𝜔3 . 𝜔)(1 +
(𝜔3 )2 . 𝜔2 )]. . . 𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 1+√3ⅈ 1−√3ⅈ
⇒𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
= [(1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )][(1 + 1. 𝜔)(1 + 2 2

(1)2 . 𝜔2 )]. . . 𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠

= [(1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )][(1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )]. . . 𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 Hence the complex cube roots of −1 are
1+√3ⅈ 1−√3ⅈ
= [(1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔2 )]𝑛 2
,
2
∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0 , 𝜔3 = 1 Now
= [0 + 1]𝑛 9 9
= [1]𝑛 = 1 = 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 1 + √3𝑖 1 − √3𝑖
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = ( ) +( )
Question#4 2 2
If 𝝎 is a root of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, show that 9 9
1 + √3𝑖 −1 − √3𝑖
its other [− ( )] + [ ]
2 2
root is 𝝎𝟐 and prove that 𝝎𝟑 = 𝟏.
Solution: = (−𝑤)9 + (−𝑤 2 )9 = −𝑤 9 − 𝑤 18
Let 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 . . . (𝑖) = −(𝑤 9 + 𝑤 18 ) = −(𝑤 3 )3 + (𝑤 3 )6
Since 𝝎 is the root of (𝒊), therefore = −(1)3 + (1)6 = −(1 + 1) = −2 = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆

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Class 11 Chapter 4
Hence proved. Solution:
Question#6 2(𝑥 4 − 16) = 0
If 𝝎 is a cube root of unity, form an 𝑥 4 − 16 = 0
equation (𝑥 2 )2 − (4)2 = 0
whose roots are 𝟐𝝎 and 𝟐𝝎𝟐 . (𝑥 2 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 4) = 0
Solution: 𝑥 2 = 4, 𝑥 2 = −4
Since 𝟐𝝎 and 𝟐𝝎𝟐 are the roots of 𝟏𝟔 𝑥 = ±2, 𝑥 = ±2𝑖
then, S.S{ ±2 , ±2 }
(𝑥 − 2𝜔)(𝑥 − 2𝜔2 ) (𝒊𝒊). 𝟑𝒚𝟓 − 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝜔𝑥 − 2𝜔2 𝑥 + 4𝜔3 = 0 Solution:
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥(𝜔 + 𝜔2 )𝑥 + 4𝜔3 = 0 3𝑦(𝑦 4 − 81) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥(−1) + 4(1) = 0 ⇒ 3𝑦 = 0 𝑦 4 − 81 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4(1) = 0 ⇒𝑦=0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 2 − 81 = 0 ⇒ (𝑦 2 )2 − (9)2
Is the required equation ⇒ (𝑦 2 − 9)(𝑦 2 + 9) = 0
Question#7 ⇒ 𝑦2 − 9 = 0 or 𝑦 2 + 9 = 0
Find four fourth roots of 𝟏𝟔, 𝟖𝟏, 𝟔𝟐𝟓.
Solution: ⇒ 𝑦 = ±√9 or 𝑦 = ±9
(𝒊) ⇒ 𝑦 = ±3 or 𝑥𝑦 = ±3𝑖
Let 𝑥 be a cube root of 8 then, Hence S.S = {0, ±3, ±3𝑖}

pk
1
𝑥 = (16)4 ⇒ 𝑥 4 = 16 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
⇒ 𝑥 4 − 16 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 2 )2 − (4)2 Solution:
⇒ (𝑥 2 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 4) = 0 s. 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1) + 1(𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥2 − 4 = 0 or 𝑥 2 + 4 = 0 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥2 = 4 or 𝑥 2 = −4 ⇒ 𝑥 + 1 = 0 , 𝑥2 + 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = ±√4 or 𝑥 = ±√−4 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1 , 𝑥 2 = −1
te
⇒ 𝑥 = ±2 or 𝑥 = ±2𝑖 𝑥 = ±√−1
Hence the four fourth roots of 16 are 𝑥 = ±1𝑖
no

2 , −2 , − 2𝑖, 2𝑖 Hence S.S = {−𝟏, ±𝟏𝒊}

(𝒊𝒊) ⇒ 𝑦2 = 9 or 𝑦 2 = −9
Let 𝑥 be a fourth root of 81 then, (𝒊𝒗). 𝟓𝒙𝟓 − 𝟓𝒙 = 𝟎
1
sy

𝑥 = (81)4 ⇒ 𝑥 4 = 81 Solution:
⇒ 𝑥 4 − 81 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 2 )2 − (9)2 5(𝑥 4 − 1) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 2 − 9)(𝑥 2 + 9) = 0 ⇒ 5𝑥 = 0 , 𝑥 4 − 1 = 0
ea

⇒ 𝑥2 − 9 = 0 or 𝑥 2 + 9 = 0 ⇒𝑥=0
⇒ 𝑥2 = 9 or 𝑥 2 = −9 ⇒ 𝑥 4 − 1 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 2 )2 − (1)2
⇒ 𝑥 = ±3 or 𝑥 = ±√−9, ±√9𝑖 ⇒ (𝑥 2 − 1)(𝑥 2 + 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = ±23 or 𝑥 = ±3𝑖 ⇒ 𝑥2 − 1 = 0 or 𝑥 2 + 1 = 0
Hence the four fourth roots of 81 are ⇒ 𝑥2 = 1 or 𝑥 2 = −1
3 , −3 , − 3𝑖, 3𝑖 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±√1 or 𝑥 = ±√−1
(𝒊𝒊𝒊). ⇒ 𝑥 = ±1 or 𝑥 = ±1𝑖
Let 𝒙 be a cube root of 𝟖 then, Hence S.S = {0, ±1, ±1𝑖}
1
𝑥 = (625)4 ⇒ 𝑥 4 = 625
⇒ 𝑥 4 − 625 = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 2 )2 − (25)2
⇒ (𝑥 2 − 25)(𝑥 2 + 25) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 25 = 0 or 𝑥 2 + 25 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 = 25 or 𝑥 2 = −25
⇒ 𝑥 = ±√25 or 𝑥 = ±√−25
⇒ 𝑥 = ±5 or 𝑥 = ±5𝑖
Hence the four fourth roots of 16 are
5 , −5 , − 5𝑖, 5𝑖
Question#8
Solve the following equations:
(𝒊). 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎

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Class 11 Chapter 4
∵ 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
Polynomial function:  Remainder = 𝑅 = 𝑜
A polynomial in x is an expression of the form  𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑔(𝑥) + 0
𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙+ … + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎 , 𝒂𝒏 ≠ 𝟎 → (𝒊)  𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑔(𝑥)
Where n is non- negative integer and 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎𝑛−1 + Take 𝑥 = 𝑎
⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. 𝑠  𝑓(𝑎) = (𝑎 − 𝑎)𝑔(𝑥) + 0
*the highest power of polynomial is 𝑥 are called  𝑓(𝑎) = 0 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑.
degree of polynomial so expression (i) is Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎)
polynomial of degree n. Conversely, suppose 𝑓(𝑎) = 0
Note: We prove
Consider a polynomial p(x) is divided by 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)𝑏𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑚
𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄(𝑥) be quotient while R be 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑅 → (𝑖𝑖)
remainder then ∵ 𝑓(𝑎) = 0 𝑠𝑜
𝑓(𝑎) = (𝑎 − 0)𝑔(𝑎) + 𝑅 → 𝑅 = 0
𝑖𝑖 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑔(𝑥)𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑗𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑡 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑖𝑠
Q(x) Quotient
Factor of 𝑓(𝑥). ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑.
Note:
x-a P(x) Dividend To determine if a given linear polynomial
Divisor (𝒙 − 𝒂)

pk
R Is a factor of
Remainde 𝒇(𝒙)𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒘𝒆 𝒏𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒉𝒕𝒆𝒓
Theorem: r
s.𝒇(𝒂) = 𝟎
Synthetic Division:
Remainder theorem:
This is shortest method for long division of a
te
“if a polynomial f(x) of degree 𝑛 ≥ 1 nis non
polynomial 𝒇(𝒙)𝒃𝒚 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒚𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎
negative integer is dividend by 𝑥 − 𝑎 till no
𝒙−𝒂
𝑥−
no

Outline of the method:

𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑎)𝑖𝑠
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟" i) write down the coefficient of the
Proof: dividend
sy

Let us divide a polynomial 𝑓(𝑥)𝑏𝑦 𝑥 − 𝒇(𝒙)𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇

𝑎 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒙. 𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒕 𝟎 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎
𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑞(𝑥)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑟 ii) to the left of the first line, write a of
ea

𝑅 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑞(𝑥) + 𝑅 the divisor (𝒙 − 𝒂).

𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑅 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑅 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟. iii) Use the following patterns to write
Note: the second and third lines. Vertical
Remainder obtained when pattern (↓)
𝒇(𝒙)𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝒚 (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒂𝒔 And diagonal pattern (↗) multiply by a.
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒗𝒆 o𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒚𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇(𝒙)𝒂𝒕𝒙 = 𝒂
Factor theorem:
the polynomial 𝑥 − 𝑎 is factor of the polynomial
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑎) = 0 𝑂𝑅
𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑚𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓
𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑓(𝑥) = 0
Proof:
Suppose g(x) is quotient and R is the remainder
when a polynomial 𝑓(𝑥) is divided 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑎 then
by Remainder theorem. .
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑅 → (1)
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Class 11 Chapter 4
𝒙 − 𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Solution:
Exercise 4.5 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Use the remainder theorem to find the 𝑥−𝑎 = 𝑥−2⇒𝑎 =2
remainder when the first polynomial is Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎)
divided by the second polynomial: By Remainder theorem
Question#1 𝑅 = 𝑓(2) = (2)3 + (2)2 − 7 (2) + 1
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟕 , 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 8 + 4 − 14 + 1 ≠ 0
Solution: Hence (𝒙 − 𝟐) is not a factor of 𝒇(𝒙) by
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 𝑥 + 7 factor theorem
𝑥 + 𝑎 = 𝑥 + 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = −1 Question#7
Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎) 𝝎 + 𝟐 , 𝟐𝝎𝟑 + 𝝎𝟐 − 𝟒𝝎 + 𝟕
By Remainder theorem Solution:
𝑅 = 𝑓(−1) = (−1)2 + 3 (−1) + 7 Let 𝑓(𝜔) = 2𝜔3 + 𝜔2 − 4𝜔 + 7
=1−3+7=5 𝜔−𝑎 = 𝜔−2⇒𝑎 =2
Question#2 Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓 𝒙 + 𝟒 , 𝒙 − 𝟐 By Remainder theorem
Solution: 𝑅 = 𝑓(2) = 2(2)3 + 2(2)2 − 4 (2) + 7
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 5 𝑥 + 4 = −16 + 4 + 8 + 7 = 3 ≠ 0
𝑥−𝑎 = 𝑥−2⇒𝑎 =2 Hence (𝝎 + 𝟐) is not a factor of 𝒇(𝝎) by
Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎) factor theorem

pk
By Remainder theorem Question#8
𝑅 = 𝑓(2) = (2)3 −(2)2 + 5 (2) + 4 𝒙 − 𝒂 , 𝒙𝒏 − 𝒂𝒏 ,where n is a positive
= 8 − 4 + 10 + 4 = 18 integer.
s.
Question#3 Solution:
𝟑𝒙𝟒 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙 − 𝟓 , 𝒙 + 𝟏 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛
te
Solution: where n is a positive integer.
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 − 5 𝑥−𝑎 = 𝑥−𝑎 ⇒𝑎 =𝑎
By Remainder theorem By Remainder theorem
no

𝑅 = 𝑓(−1) = 3(−1)4 + 4(−1)3 + (−1) − 5 𝑅 = 𝑓(𝑎) = (𝑎)𝑛 − (𝑎)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛 = 0

=3−4−1−5 Hence (𝒙 + 𝒂) is a factor of 𝒇(𝒙) by factor
= −7 theorem
sy

Question#4 𝑥 + 𝑎 = 𝑥 + 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = −1
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟑 , 𝒙 − 𝟑 Question#9
Solution: 𝒙 + 𝒂 , 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏 where n is an odd integer.
ea

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3 𝑥 + 3 Solution:

𝑥−𝑎 = 𝑥−3⇒𝑎 =3 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛
Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎) where n is an odd integer.
By Remainder theorem 𝑥 − 𝑎 = 𝑥 + 𝑎 ⇒ 𝑎 = −𝑎
𝑅 = 𝑓(3) = (3)3 − 2(3)2 + 3 (3) + 3 By Remainder theorem
= 27 − 18 + 9 + 3 = 21 𝑅 = 𝑓(−𝑎) = (−𝑎)𝑛 + (𝑎)𝑛 = −𝑎𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛 = 0
Use the factor theorem to determine if Hence (𝒙 + 𝒂) is not a factor of 𝒇(𝒙) by
the first polynomial is a factor of the factor theorem
second polynomial. Question#10
Question#5 When 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒌𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑 is divided by 𝒙 −
𝒙 − 𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒 𝒙 − 𝟓 𝟐 the remainder is 1. Find the value of k.
Solution: Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4 𝑥 − 5 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 𝑘𝑥 2 + 3
𝑥−𝑎 = 𝑥−1⇒𝑎 =1 𝑘 =? , 𝑅 = 1
Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎) 𝑥−𝑎 = 𝑥−2⇒𝑎 =2
By Remainder theorem Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑅 = 𝑓(1) = (1)2 + 4 (1) − 5 By Remainder theorem
=5−5=0 𝑅 = 𝑓(2)
Hence (𝒙 − 𝟏) is a factor of 𝒇(𝒙) by factor 1 = (2)4 + 2(2)3 + 𝑘(2)2 + 3
theorem 1 = 16 + 16 + 4𝑘 + 3
Question#6 4𝑘 = −34
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Class 11 Chapter 4
17
⇒𝑘= −2
1 7 −4 −27 −18
Question#11
2 0 4 22 36 18
When 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒌𝒙 + 𝟒 the polynomial is
2 11 18 9 0
divided by 𝒙 − 𝟐 the remainderis 14. Find
−3 0 −6 −15 −9
the value of k.
2 5 3 0
Solution:
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 𝑘𝑥 + 4
Quotient = 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 3
𝑘 =? , 𝑅 = 14
= 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 3
𝑥−𝑎 = 𝑥−2⇒𝑎 =2
2𝑥(𝑥 + 1) + 3(𝑥 + 1) = 0
Remainder = 𝑓(𝑎)
(𝑥 + 1)(2𝑥 + 3) = 0
By Remainder theorem
Hence 𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝟕𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟖 = (𝒙 −
𝑅 = 𝑓(2)
𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑)
14 = (2)3 + 2(2)2 + 2𝑘 + 4
2𝑘 = −6
Question#15
⇒ 𝑘 = −3
Use synthetic division to find the values of
Use Synthetic division to show that x is
p and q if 𝒙 + 𝟏 and 𝒙 − 𝟐 are the factors
the solution of the polynomial and use
o the polynomial 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝟔 .
the result to factorize the polynomial
Solution:
completely.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 6
Question#12
𝑥 − 𝑎 = 𝑥 + 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = −1

pk
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 , 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝑥−𝑎 =𝑥−2⇒𝑎 =2
Solution:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑜𝑥 2 + 6
s. 1 𝑝 𝑞 6
𝑥=2
1 0 −7 6 −1 0 − −𝑝 + 1 −𝑞 + 𝑝
−1
2 0 2 4 −6
te
1 𝑝 𝑞−𝑝 −𝑞 + 𝑝
1 2 −3 0 −1 +1 +5
2 0 −6 2𝑝 + 2
no

Quotient = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 2 𝑝 𝑞+𝑝
= 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 − 3 +1 +3
𝑥(𝑥 + 3) − 1(𝑥 + 3) = 0
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
sy

Since (𝒙 + 𝟏) and (𝒙 − 𝟐 )are the factors of

Hence 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) 𝒇(𝒙)
Question#13 Then remainder = 𝟎
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟖𝒙 − 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎 , 𝒙 = 𝟒 −𝑞 + 𝑝 + 5 = 0 … . (1)
ea

𝑞 +𝑝+3= 0 … . (2)
Solution:
2𝑝 + 8 = 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑜𝑥 2 − 28𝑥 − 48
⇒ 𝑝 = −4
𝑥 = −4
Put 𝑝 = −4 in (2)
1 0 −28 −48
⇒𝑞 −4+𝟑=𝟎
−4 0 −4 16 48
⇒𝑞 =1
1 2 −12 0
⇒ 𝒑 = −𝟒 , ⇒ 𝒒 = 𝟏

Quotient = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12
Question#16
= 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 12
Find the values of a and b if −𝟐 and 𝟐 are
𝑥(𝑥 − 6) + 2(𝑥 − 6) = 0
the roots of the polynomial
(𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃 .
Hence 𝑥 3 − 28𝑥 − 48 = (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 2)
Solution:
Question#14
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝟕𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎 , 𝒙 = 𝟐 , 𝒙 = 𝟑
⇒ 𝑎 = −2
Solution:
⇒𝑎=2
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 + 7𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 − 18
𝑥 = −3

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Class 11 Chapter 4
1 −4 𝑎 𝑏 Dividing eq(1) by a
−1 0 −2 12 −2𝑎 − 24 𝒂𝒙𝟐 𝒃𝒙 𝒄 𝟎
1 −6 𝑎 + 12 𝑏 − 2𝑎 + + =
− 24
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
𝒃 𝒄
2 0 2 −8  𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + = 𝟎
𝒂 𝒂
1 −4 𝑎 + 12 𝟐
 𝒙 − (𝒂) 𝒙 + 𝒂 = 𝟎
𝒃 𝒄
−8
𝒃 𝒄
 𝒙𝟐 − (− 𝒂) 𝒙 + 𝒂 = 𝟎
Since −𝟐 and 𝟐 are the roots of 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒃 𝒄
Then remainder = 0  ∵ −𝒂 = 𝑺 ,𝑷 = 𝒂
⇒ 𝑎 + 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 = −4  𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒅 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.
𝑏 − 2𝑎 − 24 = 0
⇒ 𝑏 − 2(−4) − 24 = 0 Exercise 4.6
⇒ 𝑏 + 8 − 24 = 0
Question#1
⇒ 𝑏 − 16 = 0
If 𝜶 , 𝜷 are the root of 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟎,
⇒ 𝑏 = 16
find the values of
⇒ 𝒂 = −𝟒 , ⇒ 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟔 𝟏 𝟏
Relation between the Roots and the coefficients (𝒊). 𝜶𝟐
+ 𝜷𝟐
of a quadratic Equation: Solution:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 \𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4 = 0
=0 𝑎 = 3 , 𝑏 = −2 , 𝑐 = 4

pk
−(−2)𝑏 2
𝑎≠0 𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑎 = 3
=3
𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑐 4 4
𝛼 𝛽=𝑎=3=3

𝛼=
−𝑏 + √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 =
−𝑏 − √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
s.
1
𝛼2
1
+ 𝛽2 =
𝛽 2 +𝛼2 +2𝛼𝛽−2𝛼𝛽
(𝛼𝛽)2
(𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽
Sum of the Roots = 𝜶 + 𝜷 =
te
(𝛼𝛽)2
−𝑏 + √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏 − √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 2 2 4
( ) −2( )
𝑺= + = 3 3
2𝑎 2𝑎 4 2
no

( )
3
−𝑏 + √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 − √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 4 8 9
𝑺= = (9 − 3) × 16
2𝑎 4−24 9
2𝑏 𝑏 = × 16
sy

𝑆=− =− 16
−20
2𝑎 𝑎 = 16
Product of Roots= 𝜶𝜷 5
= −4
−𝑏 + √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏 − √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
ea

𝑷=( )( ) 𝜶 𝜷
2𝑎 2𝑎 (𝒊𝒊). 𝜷 + 𝜶
𝟐 Solution:
(−𝒃)𝟐 − (√𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐) 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 2 +𝛽 2
𝑷= + =
(𝟐𝒂)𝟐 𝛽 𝛼 𝛼𝛽
𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 +2𝛼𝛽−2𝛼𝛽
𝒃𝟐 − (𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄) 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝒄
= = 𝛼𝛽
𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝟒𝒂𝟐 (𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽
𝒄 =
𝛼𝛽
𝑷= 2 2
𝒂 ( ) −2( )
3
4
3
Thus = 4
3
𝒃 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒙
Sum of roots 𝑺 == − 𝒂 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐 4
= ( 9 − 3) × 4
8 3

𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 4−24 3

Product of roots 𝑷 == 𝒂 = 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟐 = ×4
16
−20 3
Formation of an Equation whose roots are = 9 ×4
Given: 5
= −3
∵ 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒊𝒔 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝜶 + 𝜷𝟒
𝟒
𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎 → (𝟏) Solution:
𝒃
Then 𝑺 = 𝜶 + 𝜷 = − 𝒂 𝛼 4 + 𝛽 4 = {(𝛼 2 )2 + (𝛽 2 )2 + 2𝛼 2 𝛽 2 − 2𝛼 2 𝛽2 }
𝒄 = (𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 )2 − 2(𝛼𝛽)2
𝑷 = 𝜶𝜷 = = [(𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 2𝛼𝛽) − 2𝛼𝛽]2 − 2(𝛼𝛽)2
𝒂
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Class 11 Chapter 4
= [(𝛼 2 +𝛽 2 )2 2
− 2𝛼𝛽] − 2(𝛼𝛽) 2
𝛼+𝛽 =
−𝐵 −(−𝑝)
= 1 =𝑝
2 𝐴
2 2 4 4 2 𝐶 −𝑝−𝑐
= [(3) − 2 (3)] − 2 (3) 𝛼𝛽 = = 1 = −𝑝 − 𝑐
𝐴
4 8 2 32 L.H.S = (1 + 𝛼)(1 + 𝛽)
= [ 9 − 3] − 9 = 1 + 𝛽 + 𝛼 + 𝛼𝛽
4−24 2 32 = 1+𝑝−𝑝−𝑐
=[ 9
] − 9
400 32 = 1 − 𝑐 = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆
= 81
− 9 Question#3
400−288
= Find the condition that one root of 𝒙𝟐 +
81
112 𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒 = 𝟎 is
= 81 (𝒊). double the other
𝟑 𝟑
(𝒊𝒗). 𝜶 + 𝜷 Solution:
Solution: 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0
𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 = [𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 + 3𝛼𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛽) − 3𝛼𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛽)] 𝑎 = 1 ,𝑏 = 𝑝 ,𝑐 = 𝑞
= (𝛼 + 𝛽)3 − 3𝛼𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛽) Let 𝜶 and 𝟐𝜶 be the roots of the equation
2 3 4 2 −𝑏 𝑝
= (3) − 3 (3) (3) 𝑆 = 𝛼 + 2𝛼 = = − 1 = −𝑝
𝑎
8 8 −𝑝
= 27 − 3 3𝛼 = −𝑝 ⇒ 𝛼 = 3
8−72 𝑐 𝑞
= 𝑃 = 𝛼(2𝛼) = 𝑎 = 1 = 𝑞
27
64 −𝑝 2
= − 27 2𝛼 2 = 𝑞 ⇒ 2 ( 3 ) = 𝑞

pk
𝟏 𝟏 𝑝2
(𝒗). 𝜶𝟑 + 𝜷𝟑 ⇒ 2 = 𝑞 ⇒ 2𝑝2 = 9𝑞
𝑞
Solution: Which is required condition
1 1 𝛽 3 +𝛼3
+ 𝛽3 = 𝛼3 𝛽3 (𝒊𝒊). square of the other
𝛼3

=
[(𝛼+𝛽)3 −3𝛼𝛽(𝛼+𝛽)]
s. Solution:
𝛼3 𝛽3 Let 𝛼 and 𝛼 2 be the roots of the equation
te
2 3 −𝑏 𝑝
4 2
[( ) −3( )( )]
3 3 3
𝑆 = 𝛼 + 𝛼2 = 𝑎
= − 1 = −𝑝
= 4 3 𝑐 𝑞
( ) 𝑃 = 𝛼(𝛼 2 ) =𝑎=1 =𝑞
no

3
8 8 27
= [27 − 3] × 64 (𝛼+𝛼 2 )3 = (−𝑝)3
3 2 )3
64 27 𝛼 + (𝛼 + 3𝛼𝛼 2 (𝛼 + 𝛼 2 ) = −𝑝3
= [− 27] × 64
𝛼 + (𝛼 ) + 3𝛼 3 (𝛼 + 𝛼 2 ) = −𝑝3
3 2 3
sy

= −1 𝑞 + 𝑞 2 + 3𝑞(−𝑝)+𝑝3 = 0
(𝒗𝒊). 𝜶𝟐 − 𝜷𝟐 𝑞 + 𝑞 2 − 3𝑝𝑞+𝑝3 = 0
Solution: Which is required condition
ea

𝛼 2 − 𝛽 2 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)(𝛼 − 𝛽) (𝒊𝒊𝒊). additive inverse of the other

= (𝛼 + 𝛽)√(𝛼 − 𝛽)2 Solution:
= (𝛼 + 𝛽)√(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 4𝛼𝛽 Let 𝜶 and − 𝜶 be the roots of the equation
−𝑏 𝑝
2 2 2 4
𝑆 = 𝛼 + (− 𝛼) = 𝑎
= − = −𝑝 ⇒ 𝑝 = 0
1
= (3) √(3) − 4 (3) 𝑐 𝑞
𝑃 = 𝛼(− 𝛼) = 𝑎 = 1 = 𝑞 ⇒ −𝛼 2 = 𝑞
2 4 16
= ( )√ − So,
3 9 3
𝑝=0
2 4−48
= 3√ Which is required condition
9
(𝒊𝒗). multiplicative inverse of the other.
2 −44
= 3√ Solution:
9 𝟏
2√11ⅈ Let 𝜶 and 𝜶
be the roots of the equation
= 1 −𝑏 𝑝
3
𝑆 = 𝛼 + (𝛼) = 𝑎 = − 1 = −𝑝
Question#2
1 𝑐 𝑞
If 𝜶 , 𝜷are the root of 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒑𝒙 − 𝒑 − 𝒄 = 𝟎, 𝑃 = 𝛼 (𝛼) = 𝑎 = 1 = 𝑞
prove that So,
(𝟏 + 𝜶)(𝟏 + 𝜷) = 𝟏 − 𝒄 ⇒ 𝑞 = 1 Which is required condition
Solution: Question#4
𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑝 − 𝑐 = 0 If the roots of the equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒 =
𝐴 = 1 , 𝐵 = −𝑝 , 𝐶 = −𝑝 − 𝑐 𝟎 differ by unity, prove that

24 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
𝟐 𝑏
𝒑 = 𝟒𝒒 + 𝟏. 𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑎
Solution: 𝑐
𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎
𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 0
𝐴 = 1 , 𝐵 = −𝑝 , 𝐶 = 𝑞 𝑆 = 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 2𝛼𝛽
−𝐵 −(−𝑝) 𝑏 2 𝑐
𝛼+𝛽 = = =𝑝 = (− 𝑎) − 2 (𝑎)
𝐴 1
𝐶 𝑞 𝑏2 2𝑐 𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
𝛼𝛽 = = =𝑞 = 𝑎2 − =
𝐴 1 𝑎 𝑎2
By given condition 𝑃 = (𝛼𝛽)2
𝛼 − 𝛽 = 1 ⇒ (𝛼 − 𝛽)2 = 1 𝑐 2
= (𝑎 )
(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 4𝛼𝛽 = 1
𝑐2
𝑝2 − 4𝑞 = 1 = 𝑎2
⇒ 𝑝2 = 4𝑞 + 1 Required quadratic equation
𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
Question#5 𝒃𝟐 −𝟐𝒂𝒄 𝒄𝟐
𝒂 𝒃
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − ( 𝒂𝟐
)𝒚 + 𝒂𝟐
=𝟎
Find the condition that + 𝒙−𝒃 5 may
𝒙−𝒂 ⇒ 𝒂 𝒚 − (𝒃 − 𝟐𝒂𝒄)𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
have roots equal in magnitude but 𝟏 𝟏
opposite in signs. (𝒊𝒊). 𝜶
, 𝜷
Solution: Solution:
Multiplying both sides by (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃) 1 1 𝛽+𝛼 −
𝑏
𝑏
𝑆=𝛼 + = = 𝑐
𝑎
= −𝑐
𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒃) + 𝒃(𝒙 − 𝒂) = 𝟓(𝒙 − 𝒂) 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
𝑎

pk
⇒ 𝒂𝒙 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒃𝒙 − 𝟓𝒂𝒙 + 𝟓𝒃𝒙 𝑃 = ( )( ) =
1 1 1
=
1
=
𝑎
𝑐
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽 𝑐
⇒ −𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒂𝒙 + 𝟔𝒃𝒙 −𝟕𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎 𝑎

⇒ 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙 +𝟕𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎 Required quadratic equation

𝑨 = 𝟓 , 𝑩 = −𝟔(𝒂 + 𝒃) , 𝑪 = 𝟕𝒂𝒃
Let 𝜶 and − 𝜶 be the roots of the equation
s. 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − (− 𝒄 ) 𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
𝒃 𝒂

−6(𝑎+𝑏)
te
𝑆 = 𝛼 + (− 𝛼) = − [ 5
] ⇒ 𝒄𝒚𝟐 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒂 = 𝟎
6(𝑎+𝑏) 𝟏 𝟏
0= ⇒𝑎+𝑏 =0 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝜶𝟐
, 𝜷𝟐
5
no

𝑃 = 𝛼(− 𝛼) =
7𝑎𝑏
⇒ 𝛼2 = −
7𝑎𝑏 Solution:
5 5 𝟏 𝟏
So , 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 is the required equation 𝑺 = 𝜶𝟐 + 𝜷𝟐
Question#6 𝜷𝟐 +𝜶𝟐
=
sy

If the roots of 𝒑𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒒 = 𝟎 are 𝜶 and 𝜶𝟐 𝜷𝟐

(𝜶+𝜷)𝟐 −𝟐𝜶𝜷
𝜶 𝜷 𝒒 = (𝜶𝜷)𝟐
𝜷then prove that √𝜷 + √𝜶 + √𝒑 = 𝟎
−𝒃 𝟐 𝟐𝒄
ea

[( ) − ]
Solution: =
𝒂 𝒂
𝒄 𝟐
𝑎 = 𝑝 ,𝑏 = 𝑞 ,𝑐 = 𝑞 ( )
𝒂
Let 𝜶 and 𝜷 be the roots of the equation −𝒃 𝟐 𝟐𝒄 𝒂𝟐
−𝑞 = [( 𝒂 ) − 𝒂 ] . 𝒄𝟐
𝛼+𝛽 = 𝑝
𝒃𝟐 −𝟐𝒂𝒄 𝒂𝟐
𝛼𝛽 =
𝑞 = [ 𝒂 𝟐 ] . 𝒄𝟐
𝑝
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂𝟐
𝛼 𝛽 𝑞 𝑷 = ( 𝟐 ) ( 𝟐) = (𝜶𝜷)𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐
=
√ 𝜶 𝜷 𝒄𝟐
L.H.S = √𝛽 + 𝛼
+ √𝑝 ( )
𝒂
Required quadratic equation
𝛼+𝛽 𝑞
= + √𝑝 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
√𝛼𝛽
𝒃𝟐 −𝟐𝒂𝒄 𝒂𝟐
−𝑞
𝑞 ⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − [ ] 𝒚 + =𝟎
= 𝑝
+ √𝑝 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐
−𝑞
√𝑝 ⇒ 𝒄 𝒚 − (𝒃 − 𝟐𝒂𝒄)𝒚 + 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝑞 𝑞 (𝒊𝒗). 𝜶𝟑 , 𝜷𝟑
−√𝑝 + √𝑝 = 0 = R.H.S Solution:
Question#7 𝑆 = 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)3 − 3𝛼𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛽) =
−𝑏 3 𝑐 −𝑏 −𝑏3 3𝑏𝑐 −𝑏3 +3𝑏𝑐
If 𝜶 , 𝜷 are the roots of the equation 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + ( 𝑎 ) − 3 (𝑎) ( 𝑎 ) = 3 + 2 =
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎3
𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, form the equations whose 𝑐 3 𝑐 3
roots are 𝑃 = 𝛼 3 𝛽3 = (𝛼𝛽)3 = ( ) = 3
𝑎 𝑎
(𝒊). 𝜶𝟐 , 𝜷𝟐 Required quadratic equation
Solution: 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
25 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − [
−𝒃𝟑 +𝟑𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝟑
] 𝒚 + 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟎 If 𝜶 , 𝜷 are the roots of the equation 𝒂𝒙𝟐 +
𝒂𝟑
𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎, form the equations whose
⇒ 𝒂𝟑 𝒚𝟐 − (𝟑𝒃𝒄 − 𝒃𝟑 )𝒚 + 𝒄𝟑 = 𝟎 roots are
𝟏 𝟏
(𝒗). 𝜶𝟑
, 𝜷𝟑 (𝒊). 𝜶𝟐 , 𝜷𝟐
Solution: Solution:
𝑏
𝟏 𝜷𝟑 +𝜶𝟑
𝟏 𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑎
𝑺 = 𝜶𝟑 + 𝜷𝟑 = 𝜶𝟑 𝜷𝟑 𝑐
[(𝜶+𝜷)𝟑 −𝟑𝜶𝜷(𝜶+𝜷)] 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎
= 𝜶𝟑 𝜷𝟑 𝑆 = 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 2𝛼𝛽
[(𝜶+𝜷)𝟑 −𝟑𝜶𝜷(𝜶+𝜷)] 𝑏 2 𝑐
= (𝜶𝜷)𝟑 = (− 𝑎) − 2 (𝑎)
−𝒃 𝟑 𝒄 −𝒃 𝑏2 2𝑐 𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐
[(
𝒂
) −𝟑( )( )]
𝒂 𝒂 = 𝑎2 − =
= 𝒄 𝟑
𝑎 𝑎2
𝒂
( ) 𝑃 = (𝛼𝛽)2
−𝒃𝟑 𝟑𝒃𝒄 𝑐 2
[ 𝟑 + 𝟐]
𝒂 𝒂 = (𝑎 )
= 𝟑
𝒄𝟑 𝑐2
( 𝟑)
𝒂 = 𝑎2
Question#5 Required quadratic equation
𝒂 𝒃
Find the condition that
𝒙−𝒂
+
𝒙−𝒃
5 may 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
𝒃𝟐 −𝟐𝒂𝒄 𝒄𝟐
have roots equal in magnitude but ⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − ( )𝒚 + =𝟎
𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
opposite in signs.
⇒ 𝒂 𝒚 − (𝒃 − 𝟐𝒂𝒄)𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

pk
Solution: 𝟏 𝟏
Multiplying both sides by (𝒙 − 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒃) (𝒊𝒊). ,
𝜶 𝜷
𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒃) + 𝒃(𝒙 − 𝒂) = 𝟓(𝒙 − 𝒂) Solution:
⇒ 𝒂𝒙 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒃𝒙 − 𝟓𝒂𝒙 + 𝟓𝒃𝒙
⇒ −𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒂𝒙 + 𝟔𝒃𝒙 −𝟕𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎
s. 𝑆=
1
𝛼
+
1
𝛽
=
𝛽+𝛼
𝛼𝛽
=
−
𝑐
𝑎
𝑏
𝑎
= −𝑐
𝑏

⇒ 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙 +𝟕𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎 1 1 1 1 𝑎

te
𝑃 = (𝛼 ) ( 𝛽) = 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑐 =𝑐
𝑨 = 𝟓 , 𝑩 = −𝟔(𝒂 + 𝒃) , 𝑪 = 𝟕𝒂𝒃 𝑎
Let 𝜶 and − 𝜶 be the roots of the equation Required quadratic equation
no

𝑆 = 𝛼 + (− 𝛼) =
−6(𝑎+𝑏)
−[ 5 ] 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
𝒃 𝒂
6(𝑎+𝑏) ⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − (− 𝒄 ) 𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
0= 5
⇒𝑎+𝑏 =0
7𝑎𝑏 7𝑎𝑏 ⇒ 𝒄𝒚𝟐 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒂 = 𝟎
sy

𝑃 = 𝛼(− 𝛼) = ⇒ 𝛼2 = − 𝟏 𝟏
5 5 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝜶𝟐
, 𝜷𝟐
So , 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 is the required equation
Solution:
Question#6 𝟏 𝟏
ea

If the roots of 𝒑𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒒 = 𝟎 are 𝜶 and 𝑺 = 𝜶𝟐 + 𝜷𝟐

𝜶 𝜷 𝒒 𝜷𝟐 +𝜶𝟐
𝜷then prove that √𝜷 + √𝜶 + √𝒑 = 𝟎 = 𝜶𝟐 𝜷𝟐
(𝜶+𝜷)𝟐 −𝟐𝜶𝜷
Solution: = (𝜶𝜷)𝟐
𝑎 = 𝑝 ,𝑏 = 𝑞 ,𝑐 = 𝑞 −𝒃 𝟐 𝟐𝒄
[( ) − ]
Let 𝜶 and 𝜷 be the roots of the equation =
𝒂 𝒂
−𝑞 𝒄 𝟐
𝛼+𝛽 = 𝑝 ( )
𝒂
𝑞 −𝒃 𝟐 𝟐𝒄 𝒂𝟐
𝛼𝛽 = = [( 𝒂 ) − 𝒂 ] . 𝒄𝟐
𝑝
𝛼 𝛽 𝑞 𝒃𝟐 −𝟐𝒂𝒄 𝒂𝟐
L.H.S = √𝛽 + √𝛼 + √𝑝 =[ 𝟐 ] . 𝟐
𝒂 𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂𝟐
𝛼+𝛽 𝑞 𝑷 = ( 𝟐 ) ( 𝟐) = (𝜶𝜷)𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐
=
= + √𝑝 𝜶 𝜷 ( ) 𝒄𝟐
√𝛼𝛽 𝒂
−𝑞 Required quadratic equation
𝑝 𝑞
= +√ 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
−𝑞 𝑝
√𝑝 𝒃𝟐 −𝟐𝒂𝒄 𝒂𝟐
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − [ 𝒄𝟐
]𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐
=𝟎
𝑞 𝑞
−√𝑝 + √𝑝 = 0 = R.H.S ⇒ 𝒄 𝒚 − (𝒃 − 𝟐𝒂𝒄)𝒚 + 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

Question#7 (𝒊𝒗). 𝜶𝟑 , 𝜷𝟑
Solution:

26 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
−𝑏 3 𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑏2 𝑐 2𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑆 = 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 = (𝛼 + 𝛽)3 − 3𝛼𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛽) = ( 𝑎 ) − = 2 (− 𝑎) − 4 (𝑎) = 2 𝑎2 − 4 (𝑎) = 𝑎2
2 2
𝑐 −𝑏 −𝑏3 3𝑏𝑐 −𝑏3 +3𝑏𝑐 𝑃 = (𝛼 − 𝛽) (𝛼 + 𝛽)
3 (𝑎) ( 𝑎 ) = + =
𝑎3 𝑎2 𝑎3 = [(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 4𝛼𝛽](𝛼 + 𝛽)2
𝑐 3 𝑐3 𝑏 2 𝑏 2
𝑃 = 𝛼 3 𝛽3 = (𝛼𝛽)3 = ( ) = = [(− ) − 4 ( )] (− ) = (
𝑐 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏 2
) 𝑎2
𝑎 𝑎3 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎2
Required quadratic equation Required quadratic equation
𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎 𝑦 2 − 𝑆𝑦 + 𝑝 = 0
−𝒃𝟑 +𝟑𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝟑 2𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏2
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − [ 𝒂𝟑
]𝒚 + 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟎 ⇒ 𝑦2 − [ ]𝑦 + ( ) 𝑎2 = 0
𝑎2 𝑎2
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 4 2 2 (𝑏 2
⇒ 𝒂 𝒚 − (𝟑𝒃𝒄 − 𝒃 )𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 ⇒ 𝑎 𝑦 − 2𝑎 − 2𝑎𝑐)𝑦 + 𝑏2 (𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐) = 0
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒗). , 𝜷𝟑 (𝒗𝒊𝒊𝒊). − 𝜶𝟑 , − 𝜷𝟑
𝜶𝟑
Solution: Solution:
1 1 𝛽3 +𝛼3
𝟏 𝟏 𝜷𝟑 +𝜶𝟑 𝑆 = −𝛼3 + (− 𝛽3 ) = − [ 𝛼3 𝛽3 ]
𝑺 = 𝜶𝟑 + 𝜷𝟑 = 𝜶𝟑𝜷𝟑
[(𝛼+𝛽)3 −3𝛼𝛽(𝛼+𝛽)]
[(𝜶+𝜷)𝟑 −𝟑𝜶𝜷(𝜶+𝜷)] =−
= 𝜶𝟑 𝜷𝟑
𝛼 3 𝛽3
[(𝛼+𝛽)3 −3𝛼𝛽(𝛼+𝛽)]
[(𝜶+𝜷)𝟑 −𝟑𝜶𝜷(𝜶+𝜷)] =− (𝛼𝛽)3
= (𝜶𝜷)𝟑 −𝑏 3 𝑐 −𝑏
[( ) −3( )( )]
−𝒃 𝟑 𝒄 −𝒃 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
[(
𝒂
) −𝟑( )( )]
𝒂 𝒂
=− 𝑐 3
= 𝒄 𝟑 𝑎
( )
( ) −𝑏3 3𝑏𝑐
𝒂 [ 3 + 2]
𝑎 𝑎
−𝒃𝟑 𝟑𝒃𝒄 =−

pk
[ 𝟑 + 𝟐] 3
𝑐3
𝒂 𝒂 ( 3)
= 𝟑 𝑎
𝒄𝟑
( 𝟑) 𝑏 3 −3𝑏𝑐 𝑎3
𝒂 =[ 𝑎3
] . 𝑐3
−𝒃𝟑 +𝟑𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝟑 1 1
=[ 𝒂𝟑
] . 𝒄𝟑 s.
𝑃 = (− 𝛼3 ) . (− 𝛽3 )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂𝟑 1 1
𝑷= .
𝜶𝟑 𝜷𝟑
= (𝜶𝜷)𝟑 = 𝒄 𝟑
= 𝒄𝟑 = (𝛼𝛽)3 =
( ) 𝑐 3
te
𝒂 ( )
𝑎
Required quadratic equation 𝑎3
=
𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎 𝑐3
Required quadratic equation
no

−𝒃𝟑 +𝟑𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝟑
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − [ 𝒄𝟑
] 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
⇒ 𝒄 𝒚 − (𝟑𝒃𝒄 − 𝒃𝟑 )𝒚 + 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟎
𝟑 𝟐 𝒃𝟑 −𝟑𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − [ 𝒄𝟑
] 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟑 = 𝟎
(𝒗𝒊). 𝜶 + , 𝜷+
⇒ 𝒄𝟑 𝒚𝟐 − (𝒃𝟑 − 𝟑𝒃𝒄)𝒚 + 𝒂𝟑 = 𝟎
sy

𝜶 𝜷
Solution: Question#8
𝑏
1 1 𝛽+𝛼 𝑏 − If 𝜶 , 𝜷 are the roots of the 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎,
𝑆 = 𝛼+𝛼+𝛽+ 𝛽
= 𝛼+𝛽+ 𝛼𝛽
= (− 𝑎) + 𝑐
𝑎
= 𝟑 𝟑
form the equation whose roots are ,
ea

𝑎
−𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑏 𝜶 𝜷
𝑎𝑐 Solution:
1 1
𝑃 = (𝛼 + 𝛼 ) (𝛽 + ) 5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0
𝛽
𝛼 𝛽 1 𝑎 = 5 , 𝑏 = −1 , 𝑐 = −2
= 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽 + 𝛼 + 𝛼𝛽 Let 𝜶 and 𝜷 be the roots of the equation
(𝛼𝛽)2 +(𝛼+𝛽)2 −2𝛼𝛽+1 −𝑏 −(−1) 1
= 𝛼+𝛽 = = =
𝛼𝛽 𝑎 5 5
𝑐 2 −𝑏 2 2𝑐
𝑐 −2
[( ) +( ) − +1] 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎 = 5
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
= 𝑐 1
3( )
3 3 3(𝛽+𝛼) −3
𝑎
𝑎2 +𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐+𝑐 2 𝑎
𝑆=𝛼 + 𝛽
= 𝛼𝛽
= 5
−2 = 2
( )
=[ 𝑎2
]. 𝑐 5
3 3 9 9 −45
Required quadratic equation 𝑃 = (𝛼 ) ( 𝛽) = 𝛼𝛽 = −2 = 2
5
𝑦 2 − 𝑆𝑦 + 𝑝 = 0 Required equation
−𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 +𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑐+𝑐 2
⇒ 𝑦2 − [ 𝑎𝑐
]𝑦 + [ 𝑎𝑐
]=0 𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎
−𝟑 −𝟒𝟓
⇒ 𝑎𝑐𝑦 2 − 𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑐)𝑦 + 𝑏2 + (𝑎 − 𝑐)2 = 0 ⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − ( 𝟐 ) 𝒚 + =𝟎
𝟐
(𝒗𝒊𝒊). (𝜶 − 𝜷)𝟐 , (𝜶 + 𝜷)𝟐 ⇒ 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚 − 𝟒𝟓 = 𝟎
Solution: Question#9
𝑆 = (𝛼 − 𝛽)2 (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 If 𝜶 , 𝜷 are the roots of the 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟎,
= 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 − 2𝛼𝛽 + (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 form the equation whose roots are
= 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 2𝛼𝛽 − 4𝛼𝛽 + (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 𝟏−𝜶 𝟏−𝜷
and
= (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 4𝛼𝛽 + (𝛼 + 𝛽)2 𝟏+𝜶 𝟏+𝜷
= 2(𝛼 + 𝛽)2 − 4𝛼𝛽 Solution:
27 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
2
𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 5 = 0
𝑎 = 1 , 𝑏 = −3 , 𝑐 = 5
Exercise 4.7
Let 𝜶 and 𝜷 be the roots of the equation Discuss the nature of the roots of the
−𝑏 −(−3) 3 following equations:
𝛼+𝛽 = = =5
𝑐
𝑎
5
5 Question#1
𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎 = 1 = 5 (𝒊). 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
1−𝛼 1−𝛽
𝑆 = 1+𝛼 + 1+𝛽 Solution:
(1−𝛼)(1+𝛽)+(1+𝛼)(1−𝛽) 4𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1 = 0
= (1+𝛼)(1+𝛽) Here
1+𝛽−𝛼−𝛼𝛽+1−𝛽+𝛼−𝛼𝛽 𝑎 =4, 𝑏 =6, 𝑐 =1
= 1+𝛼+𝛽+𝛼𝛽
2−2𝛼𝛽 Disc.= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= 1+(𝛼+𝛽)+𝛼𝛽 = (6)2 − 4(4)(1)
2(1−𝛼𝛽) 2(1−5) −8
= 1+(𝛼+𝛽)+𝛼𝛽 = = = 36 − 16 = 20 > 0
1+3+5 9
(1−𝛼)(1−𝛽) Discriminant is not perfect square
𝑃 = (1+𝛼)(1+𝛽) therefore the roots are irrational (real)
1−𝛽−𝛼+𝛼𝛽
= 1+𝛼+𝛽+𝛼𝛽 and unequal.
1−(𝛼+𝛽)+𝛼𝛽 (𝒊𝒊). 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎
= 1+(𝛼+𝛽)+𝛼𝛽 Solution:
1−3−5 3 1
= 1+3+5 = 9 = 3 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0
Required equation Here
𝒚𝟐 − 𝑺𝒚 + 𝒑 = 𝟎 𝑎 = 1 , 𝑏 = −5 , 𝑐 = 6

pk
−𝟖 𝟏 Disc.= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
⇒ 𝒚𝟐 − ( )𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎
𝟗 = (−5)2 − 4(4)(6)
⇒ 𝟗𝒚𝟐 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 = 25 − 24 = 4 > 0
Nature of the roots of a Quadratic equation:
We know that the roots of the quadratic
s. Discriminant is not perfect square
therefore the roots are irrational (real)
and unequal.
te
equation
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
Are given by quadratic formula. Solution:
no

𝑎𝑠 𝑥 =
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
2𝑎
2 𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒃 = −𝟓, 𝒄 = 𝟏
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐. 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−5)2 − 4(2)(1)
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐. )
sy

*nature of roots depends on the value of expression Disc.= 25 − 18 = 17 >

𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 0 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒.
Case 1 Thus roots are real, irrational and unequal.
ea

𝑖𝑓 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 (𝒊𝒗). 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝒙 + 𝟗 = 𝟎

Then roots are real and unequal. Solution:
Case11. 25𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 9 = 0
𝑖𝑓 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 Here
Are real rational and unequal. 𝑎 = 25 , 𝑏 = −30 , 𝑐 = 9
Case 111: Disc.= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑖𝑓 = (−30)2 − 4(25)(9)
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 = 900 − 900 = 0
𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠. Are real , irrational and unequal. ∴ roots are rational (real) and equal.
Case iv. Question#2
Show that the roots of the following
𝑖𝑓 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑
equations will be real:
Unequal. 𝟏
Case V. (𝒊). 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐 (𝒎 + 𝒎) 𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 ; 𝒎 = 𝟎
𝑖𝑓 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙. Solution:
1
𝑥 2 − 2 (𝑚 + 𝑚) 𝑥 + 3 = 0
Here
1
𝑎 =1, 𝑏 = −2 (𝑚 + 𝑚) , 𝑐 = 3
Disc.= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐

28 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
2 (𝑚 + 1)𝑥 2 + 2(𝑚 + 3)𝑥 + 𝑚 + 8 = 0m
1
= (−2 (𝑚 + 𝑚)) − 4(1)(3)
Here
1 𝑎 = 𝑚 + 3 , 𝑏 = 2(𝑚 + 3) , 𝑐 = 𝑚 + 8
= 4 (𝑚2 + 𝑚2 ) − 12
1 Disc.= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= 4 (𝑚2 + − 12) (2(𝑚 + 3)2 ) − 4(𝑚 + 1)(𝑚 + 8)
𝑚2
1
= 4 (𝑚2 + 𝑚2 + 2 − 3) = 4(𝑚2 + 6𝑚 + 9) − 4(𝑚2 + 8𝑚 + 𝑚 + 8)
1 = 4(𝑚2 + 6𝑚 + 9 − 𝑚2 − 8𝑚 − 𝑚 − 8)
= 4 (𝑚2 + 𝑚2 − 1)
= 4(−3𝑚 + 1)
1
= 4 (𝑚2 + 𝑚2 − 2 + 1) For equal roots, we have
1 2 Disc. = 𝟎
= 4 ((𝑚 − 𝑚) + 1) > 0 ⇒ 4(−3𝑚 + 1) = 0
Hence roots are real. ⇒ −3𝑚 + 1 = 0
(𝒊𝒊). (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝒙𝟐 − (𝒄 − 𝒂)𝒙 + (𝒂 − 𝒃) = ⇒ 3𝑚 = −1
−1
𝟎 ; 𝒂 ,𝒃 ,𝒄 ∈ 𝑸 ⇒𝑚= 3
Solution: 𝟐
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒙 − 𝟐(𝟏 + 𝟑𝒎)𝒙 + 𝟕(𝟑 + 𝟐𝒎) = 𝟎
Here, Solution:
𝐴=𝑏−𝑐, 𝐵 =𝑐−𝑎 , 𝐶 =𝑎−𝑏
𝑥 2 − 2(1 + 3𝑚)𝑥 + 7(3 + 2𝑚) = 0
Disc.= 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
Here a=1𝑏 = −2(1 + 3𝑚), 𝑐 = 7(3 + 2𝑚)
= (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 − 4(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Disc.=𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑐𝑎 − 4(𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐)
= 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑐𝑎 − 4𝑎𝑏 + 4𝑏 2 + 4𝑎𝑐 − 4𝑏𝑐 = [−2(1 + 3𝑚]2 − 4(1)[7(3 + 2𝑚)]

pk
= 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑐𝑎 − 4𝑎𝑏 + 4𝑏 2 + 4𝑎𝑐 − 4𝑏𝑐 = 4(1 + 3𝑚)2 − 4(21 + 14𝑚)
= (𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 )2 − 4𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑐) + (2𝑏)2 = 4(1 + 9𝑚2 + 6𝑚) − 4(21 + 14𝑚)
= (𝑎 + 𝑐 + 2𝑏)2 > 0 s. 4 + 36𝑚2 + 24𝑚 − 84 − 56𝑚
Hence roots are real. 𝐷𝑖𝑠 = 36𝑚2 − 32𝑚 − 80
Question#3 Given roots are equal
te
Show that the roots of the following 𝑖. 𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 0
equations will be rational:  36𝑚2 − 32𝑚 − 80 = 0
(𝒊). (𝒑 + 𝒒)𝒙𝟐 − 𝒑𝒙 − 𝒒 = 𝟎
no

 9𝑚2 − 8𝑚 − 20 = 0(÷ 𝑏𝑦 4)
Solution:
 9𝑚2 − 18𝑚 + 10𝑚 − 20 = 0
(𝑝 + 𝑞)𝑥 2 − 𝑝𝑥 − 𝑞 = 0
 9𝑚(𝑚 − 2) + 10(𝑚 − 2) = 0
Here
sy

𝑎 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 , 𝑏 = −𝑝 , 𝑐 = −𝑞  𝑚 − 2 = 0,9𝑚 + 10 = 0
Disc.= 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 𝑚 = 2 9𝑚 = −10
10
= (𝑝 + 𝑞)2 − 4(𝑝 + 𝑞)(−𝑞) 𝑚 = 2, 𝑚 = − 9
ea

𝑝2 + 4𝑝𝑞 + 4𝑞 2 = 0 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). (𝟏 + 𝒎)𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏 + 𝟑𝒎)𝒙 + (𝟏 + 𝟖𝒎) = 𝟎

= (𝑝 + 2𝑞)2 Solution:
Hence roots are rational. 𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂 = 𝟏 + 𝒎, 𝒃 = −𝟐(𝟏 + 𝟑𝒎), 𝒄 = 𝟏 + 𝟖𝒎
(𝒊𝒊). 𝒑𝒙𝟐 − (𝒑 − 𝒒)𝒙 − 𝒒 = 𝟎
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄 = 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
Solution:
= [−2(1 + 3𝑚)]2 − 4(1 + 𝑚)(1 + 8𝑚)
𝒑𝒙𝟐 − (𝒑 − 𝒒)𝒙 − 𝒒 = 𝟎 = 4(1 + 3𝑚)2 − 4(1 + 3𝑚)2
𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂 = 𝒑, 𝒃 = −(𝒑 − 𝒒), 𝒄 = −𝒒 − 4(1 + 𝑚 + 8𝑚 + 8𝑚2 )
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄 = 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 4(1 + 9𝑚2 + 6𝑚) − 4(1 + 9𝑚 + 8𝑚2 )
[−(𝒑 − 𝒒)]𝟐 − 𝟒(𝒑)(−𝒒) 4 + 36𝑚2 + 24𝑚 − 4 − 36𝑚 − 32𝑚2
= (𝒑 − 𝒒)𝟐 + 𝟒𝒑𝒒 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐. 4𝑚2 − 12𝑚
𝒑𝟐 + 𝒒𝟐 − 𝟐𝒑𝒒 + 𝟒𝒑𝒒 Given roots are equal.
𝒑𝟐 + 𝒒𝟐 + 𝟐𝒑𝒒 𝑖. 𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐. = 0
 4𝑚2 − 12𝑚 = 0
𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒄 = (𝒑 + 𝒒)𝟐 > 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆
 4𝑚(𝑚 − 3) = 0
Hence roots are rational.
 4𝑚 = 0, 𝑚 − 3 = 0
Question#4
 𝑚 = 0, 𝑚 = 3
For what values of m will the roots of the
Question#5
following equations be equal?
Show that the roots of 𝒙𝟐 + (𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄)𝟐 =
(𝒊). (𝒎 + 𝟏)𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒎 + 𝟑)𝒙 + 𝒎 + 𝟖 = 𝟎
𝒂𝟐 will be equal, if 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒎 𝟐 )
Solution:
Solution:
29 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
2 2 2 Disc. = 0
𝑥 + (𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐) = 𝑎
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑚2 + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 (−𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑚2 ) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 (1 + 𝑚2 ) + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 +𝑚2 𝑎2
Here ⇒ 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 𝑚 2 + 𝑏 2 ; 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏
𝐴 = 1 + 𝑚2 , 𝐵 = 2𝑚𝑐, 𝐶 = 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 Question#8
Disc.= 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 Show that the roots of the equation (𝒂𝟐 −
= (2𝑚𝑐)2 − 4(1 + 𝑚2 )(𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 ) 𝒃𝒄)𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒃𝟐 − 𝒄𝒂)𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎 will be
= 4𝑚2 𝑐 2 − 4(𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 + 𝑚2 𝑐 2 − 𝑚2 𝑎2 ) equal, if either 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑 =
= 4(𝑚2 𝑐 2 − 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 𝑚2 𝑐 2 +𝑚2 𝑎2 ) 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝒐𝒓 𝒃 = 𝟎.
For equal roots, we have Solution:
Disc. = 𝟎 (𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐)𝑥 2 + 2(𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑎)𝑥 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 = 0
−𝒄𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 +𝒎𝟐 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎 Here
⇒ 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 +𝒎𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝐴 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐 , 𝐵 = 2(𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑎), 𝐶 = (𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2 )
⇒ 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒎𝟐 ) Disc.= 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
As required. = [2(𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑎)]2 − 4(𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐)(𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏)
Question#6 = 4(𝑏 4 + 𝑎2 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐) − 4(𝑎2 𝑐 2 − 𝑎3 𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 3 −
Show that the roots of (𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄) 𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒙 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐)
𝒂
will be equal, if 𝒄 = 𝒎 ; 𝒎 = 𝟎 = 4(𝑏 4 + 𝑎2 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 − 𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑎3 𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 3 −
𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐)
Solution:
= 4(𝑎3 𝑏 + 𝑏 4 + 𝑏𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐)
(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐) 2 = 4𝑎𝑥

pk
⇒ 𝑚2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 2 − 4𝑎𝑥 = 0 = 4𝑏(𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐)
For equal roots, we have
⇒ 𝑚2 𝑥 2 +2(𝑚𝑐 − 2𝑎)𝑥 + 𝑐 2 = 0
Disc. = 𝟎
Here s.4𝑏(𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐) = 0
𝐴 = 𝑚2 , 𝐵 = 2(𝑚𝑐 − 2𝑎) , 𝐶 = 𝑐 2
⇒ 4𝑏 = 0 or 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0
Disc.= 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
⇒𝑏=0 or 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
= [2(𝑚𝑐 − 2𝑎)]2 − 4( 𝑚2 )(𝑐 2 )
te
= 4(𝑚2 𝑐 2 + 4 𝑎2 − 4𝑎𝑚𝑐 − 𝑚2 𝑐 2 ) System of two Equations involving two variables:
= 4(4 𝑎2 − 4𝑎𝑚𝑐) Simultaneous Equation:
no

For equal roots, we have

Disc. = 𝟎 A set of two or more than two equations in which
4(4 𝑎2 − 4𝑎𝑚𝑐) = 0 the values of variables satisfied all the equation
sy

⇒ 16𝑎(4𝑎 − 𝑚𝑐) are called simultaneous equations or a system of

⇒ 𝑎 − 𝑚𝑐 = 0
equation.
⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑚𝑐
𝑎
ea

⇒𝑚=𝑐 Case [Link] one equation is linear and other is

𝑎
⇒𝑐= quadratic:
𝑚
As required. If one of the equation is linear. We can find value
Question#7
of one variable in term of the other variable from
𝒙𝟐 (𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄) 𝟐
Prove that 𝒂𝟐
+ 𝒃𝟐
= 𝟏 will have equal linear equation.
roots, if 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂 𝒎 + 𝒃 ; 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

Solution: Put this value of one variable to the quadratic

𝑏 2 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 (𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐)2 = 𝑎2 𝑏 2 equations. We solve it see example
⇒ 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 (𝑚2 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑚𝑐𝑥) − 𝑎2 𝑏 2 = 0 1.Q1,2,3,4,5,6,7
⇒ 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑚2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎2 𝑚𝑐𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑏 2 = 0
⇒ (𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑚2 )𝑥 2 + 2𝑎2 𝑚𝑐𝑥 − 𝑎2 (𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0
Note :
Here Two quadratic equations in which xy term is
𝐴 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑚2 , 𝐵 = 2𝑎2 𝑚𝑐, 𝐶 = 𝑎2 (𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2 )
missing and the coefficients of 𝑥 2
Disc.= 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
and𝑦 2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙, 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑏𝑦
= (2𝑎2 𝑚𝑐)2 − 4(𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑚2 )(𝑎2 (𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2 ))
= 4𝑎4 𝑚2 𝑐 2 − 4𝑎2 (𝑐 2 𝑏2 + 𝑏 4 − 𝑎2 𝑚2 𝑐 2 + Subtracting 𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 2. 𝑄8,9,10
𝑎 2 𝑏 2 𝑚2 )
= 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 (−𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑚2 )
For equal roots, we have

30 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
11 4
Exercise 4.8 S. S = { (3 ,2) , ( 3 , 3) }
Solve the following systems of equations: Question#3
Question#1 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟕 ; 𝟑𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐
𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟒 ; 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟔 Solution:
Solution: 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7 … (1)
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 … (1) 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 25 … (2)
𝟕 −𝟑𝒙
2𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 6 … (2) From (𝟏) 𝒚 = … (𝟑)
𝟐
From (𝟏) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 … (𝟑) Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐)
Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐) 7 −3𝑥 2
2𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥(2𝑥 − 4 ) − (2𝑥 − 4 )2 = 6 3𝑥 2 − 2 ( 2
) − 25 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − (4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 16) − 6 = 0 49−42𝑥+9𝑥 2
3𝑥 2 − 2( 4
) − 25 = 0
−6𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 16 − 6 = 0 49−42𝑥+9𝑥 2
−10𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 − 22 = 0 3𝑥 2 − ( 2
) − 25 = 0
Dividing by −𝟐 we get Dividing by 𝟐 we get
5𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 11 = 0 6𝑥 2 − (49 − 42𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 ) − 50 = 0
5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 11 = 0 6𝑥 2 − 49 + 42𝑥 − 9𝑥 2 − 50 = 0
5𝑥(𝑥 − 1) − 11(𝑥 − 1) = 0 −3𝑥 2 + 42𝑥 − 90 = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(5𝑥 − 11) = 0 Dividing by −𝟑 we get
𝑥−1=0 , 5𝑥 − 11 = 0 𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 33 = 0
11
𝑥 =1, 𝑥 = 5 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 33 = 0

pk
If 𝒙 = 𝟏 then, from (𝟑) 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) − 11(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑦 = 2(1) − 4 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 11) = 0
𝑦 =2−4 𝑥−3=0
s. , 𝑥 − 11 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 = −2 𝑥 = 3 , 𝑥 = 11
11 If 𝒙 = 𝟑 then, from (𝟑)
If 𝑥 = 5 then,
te
7−3(3)
11 𝑦= 2
𝑦 = 2(5 ) − 4 7−9 −2
22 22−20 𝑦= 2
= 2
𝑦 = 5 −4= 5
no

⇒ 𝑦 = −1
2
⇒𝑦=5 11
If 𝑥 = 5 then,
11 2
S. S = { (1 , −2) , ( 5 , 5) } 𝑦=
7−3(11)
sy

2
Question#2 7−33 −26
𝑦= = 2
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟓 ; 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕 2

Solution: ⇒ 𝑦 = −13
ea

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 … (1) S. S = { (3 , −1) , (11 , −13) }

𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 17 … (2) Question#4
𝟐 𝟑
From (𝟏) 𝒚 = 𝟓 − 𝒙 … (𝟑) 𝒙+𝒚 = 𝟓 ; 𝒙
+𝒚 = 𝟐 ,𝒙 ≠ 𝟎 ,𝒚 ≠ 𝟎
Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐) Solution:
𝑥 2 + 2(5 − 𝑥 )2 = 17 𝑥+𝑦=5 … (1)
𝑥 2 + 2(𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 25) − 17 = 0 2 3
+𝑦 =2
𝑥
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 50 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 33 = 0 Multiplying by 𝒙𝒚 we get
3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 33 = 0 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦 … (2)
3𝑥(𝑥 − 3) − 11(𝑥 − 3) = 0 From (1) 𝑦 = 5 − 𝑥 … (3)
(𝑥 − 3)(3𝑥 − 11) = 0 Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐)
𝑥−3=0 , 3𝑥 − 11 = 0 2(5 − 𝑥) + 3𝑥 = 2𝑥(5 − 𝑥)
11 10 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 10𝑥 − 2𝑥 2
𝑥 =3, 𝑥 = 3 10 + 𝑥 = 10𝑥 − 2𝑥 2
If 𝒙 = 𝟑 then, from (𝟑) 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 𝑥 + 10 = 0
𝑦 =5−3 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 10 = 0
⇒𝑦=2 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 10 = 0
11
If 𝑥 = 3 then, 2𝑥(𝑥 − 2) − 5(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑦 =5−
11
=
15−11 (𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 5) = 0
3 3 𝑥−2=0 , 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
4
⇒𝑦=
3
31 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
5 Putting value of 𝑦 in eq. (2)
𝑥 =1, 𝑥 = 2 25−3𝑥 25−3𝑥
If 𝒙 = 𝟐 then, from (𝟑) 3( 4
)+ 4𝑥 = 2𝑥 ( 4
)
𝑦 =5−2 Multiplying by 4 we get
⇒𝑦=3 3(25 − 3𝑥) + 16𝑥 = 2𝑥(25 − 3𝑥 )
5
If 𝑥 = 2then, 75 − 9𝑥 + 16𝑥 = 50𝑥 − 6𝑥 2
5 10−5 75 + 7𝑥 = 50𝑥 − 6𝑥 2
𝑦 =5−2= 2 6𝑥 2 − 50𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 75 = 0
5
⇒𝑦=2 6𝑥 2 − 43𝑥 + 75 = 0
5
S. S = { (2 ,3) , ( 2 , 2) }
5 6𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 75 = 0
6𝑥(𝑥 − 3) − 25(𝑥 − 3) = 0
Question#5 (𝑥 − 3)(6𝑥 − 25) = 0
𝒂 𝒃
𝒙+𝒚= 𝒂+𝒃 ; 𝒙
+𝒚 =𝟐 𝑥−3=0 , 6𝑥 − 25 = 0
25
Solution: 𝑥 =3, 𝑥 = 6
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 … . (𝑖) If 𝒙 = 𝟑 then, from (𝟑)
𝑎 𝑏
𝑥
+𝑦 = 2 … . (𝑖𝑖) 𝑦=
25−3(3)
=
25−9
=
16
4 4 4
From (1) 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 … (3) ⇒𝑦=4
Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐) 𝟐𝟓
If 𝑥 = then,
𝑎(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥) + 𝑏𝑥 = 2𝑥(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥) 𝟔
25
25−3( )
𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 = 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 𝑦= 6 1
= 4 (25 −
25
)
1 50−25
= 4( ) =
1 25
. =
25
4 2 2 4 2 8

pk
2𝑥 3 − 2𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 = 0 25
2𝑥 3 − 3𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 = 0 ⇒𝑦 =
8
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 25 25
Using 𝑥 = S. S = { (3 ,4) , ( 2
, 8
) }
2𝑎 s.
−(−3𝑎+𝑏)±√(−3𝑎+𝑏)2 −4(2)(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ) Question#7
𝑥= 2(2) (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟓 ; 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒚 + 𝟔
Solution:
te
(3𝑎+𝑏)±√(3𝑎+𝑏)2 −8(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
𝑥=
4 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 4𝑦 2 = 5
(3𝑎+𝑏)±√9𝑎2 +𝑏2 +6𝑎𝑏−8𝑎 2 −8𝑎𝑏
𝑥= 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0 … (1)
no

4
(3𝑎+𝑏)±√𝑎2 +𝑏2 −2𝑎𝑏 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 … (2)
𝑥= 4 From (𝟏) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔 … (𝟑)
𝑥=
(3𝑎+𝑏)±√(𝑎−𝑏)2 Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐)
4
𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 − 6 )2 − 6𝑥 + 4 = 0
sy

(3𝑎+𝑏)±(𝑎−𝑏)
𝑥= 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 36 − 6𝑥 2 + 4 = 0
4
3𝑎+𝑏+𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎+𝑏−𝑎+𝑏
𝑥= 𝑥= 5𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 40 = 0
4 4
ea

4𝑎 3𝑎+𝑏−𝑎+𝑏 Dividing by 𝟓 we get

𝑥= ,𝑥=
4 4 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 0
2𝑎+2𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑥= 𝑎, 𝑥 = 4 = 2 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8 = 0
If 𝒙 = 𝒂 then, from (𝟑) 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) − 4(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑦 = 𝑎+𝑏−𝑎 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
⇒𝑦=𝑏 𝑥−2=0 ,𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑎+𝑏 𝑥 =2, 𝑥 =4
If 𝑥 = then,
2
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
If 𝒙 = 𝟐 then, from (𝟑)
𝑦=𝑎+𝑏− 2
= 2 𝑦 = 2(2) − 6
⇒𝑦=
5 𝑦 =4−6
2
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 ⇒ 𝑦 = −2
S. S = { (𝑎 , 𝑏) , ( 2
, 2
) } If 𝑥 = 4 then,
Question#6 𝑦 = 2(4) − 4
𝟑 𝟒 𝑦 =8−6=2
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐𝟓 ; + =𝟐
𝒙 𝒚
⇒𝑦=2
Solution:
S. S = { (2 ,2) , (4 , 2) }
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 25 … (1)
3 4 Question#8
𝑥
+𝑦 = 2 … (2) (𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟓 ; 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟗
From (𝟏) Solution:
4𝑦 = 25 − 3𝑥 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 − 5 = 0
⇒𝑦=
25−3𝑥
… . (3) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5 = 0 … (1)
4
32 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 9 … (2) 𝑥=
−4±√4×89
10
or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 9 = 0 −4±2√89
𝑥=
Subtracting eq. (𝟐) from eq(𝟏) 10
2(−2±√89)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5 = 0 𝑥=
10
(−2±√89)
𝑥=
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 −9=0 5
−2+√89 −2−√89
− − − + 𝑥= ,𝑥 =
5 5
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 14 = 0 −2+√89
If 𝒙 = then, from (𝟑)
𝟓
−2+√89
Dividing by 𝟐 we get 𝑦 = 2( )
5
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 7 = 0 −4+2√89
⇒𝑦=
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 7 = 0 … (3) 5
−2−√89
Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐) If 𝑥 =
5
then,
𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 + 7 )2 + 2𝑥 − 9 = 0 … (1) 𝑦 = 2(
−2−√89
)
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 + 28𝑥 + 49 + 2𝑥 − 9 = 0 5
−4−2√89
5𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 40 = 0 ⇒𝑦=
5
−2+√89 −4+√89 −2−√89 −2−2√89
Dividing by 𝟐 we get S. S = { ( , ) ,( , ) }
5 5 5 5
𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8 = 0 Question#10
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 8 = 0 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 = 𝟏 ; 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚) = 𝟑
𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 4(𝑥 + 2) = 0 Solution:
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 4) = 0 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 = 1 … (1)

pk
𝑥+2=0 ,𝑥 + 4 = 0 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 3
𝑥 = −2 , 𝑥 = −4 or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 … (3)
If 𝒙 = −𝟐 then, from (𝟑) Subtracting eq. (𝟐) from eq(𝟏)
𝑦 = 2(−2) + 7
𝑦 = −4 + 7
s. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 =1
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
− − − −
te
⇒𝑦=3 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −2
If 𝑥 = −4 then,
𝑦 = 2(−4) + 7 Dividing by 𝟐 we get
no

𝑦 = −8 + 7 = −1 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −2
⇒ 𝑦 = −1 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 … (3)
S. S = { (−2 ,3) , (−4 , −1) } Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐)
𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 + 1 )2 + 6𝑥 = 0 … (1)
sy

Question#9
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 + 6𝑥 = −1
𝒙𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖 ; (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏 5𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 = 0
Solution: 5𝑥(𝑥 + 2) = 0
ea

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 − 18 = 0 5𝑥 = 0 ,𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 17 = 0 … (1) 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑥 = −2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 21 = 0 If 𝒙 = 𝟎 then, from (𝟑)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 17 = 0 … (2) 𝑦 = 2(0) + 1
Subtracting eq. (𝟐) from eq(𝟏) ⇒𝑦=1
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 17 = 0 If 𝑥 = −2 then,
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 17 = 0 𝑦 = 2(−2) + 1
𝑦 = −4 + 1 = −3
− − − +
⇒ 𝑦 = −3
2𝑦 − 4𝑥 = 0
S. S = { (0 ,1) , (−2 , −3) }
2𝑦 − 4𝑥 = 0
⇒ 2𝑦 = 4𝑥 Case 2nd when both equations are Quadratic:
⇒ 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 a) When both equations contain
Putting value of 𝒚 in eq. (𝟐) 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚𝟐 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔.
𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 )2 + 4𝑥 − 17 = 0 … (1)
See example:
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 17 = 0
5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 17 = 0 b) When one of the equations is
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 homogenous in 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚
Using 𝑥 =
2𝑎
−(4)±√(4)2 −4(5)(−17)
Homogenous Equations:
𝑥= The equation whose degree is 2 of every term is
2(4)
−4±√16+340
𝑥= called homogenous quadratic equation:
8

𝑥=
−4±√356 𝑒. 𝑔 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 0
10

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Class 11 Chapter 4
2 2 𝑢 + 2𝑣 = 19
𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 = 0
See example 2, 𝑄4,5,6
16𝑢 − 2𝑣 = 0
c) When both equations are non-
17𝑢 = 19
homogenous. ⇒ 17𝑢 = 19
𝒙 𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟓 ⇒ 𝑢 = 17
19

Exercise 4.9 Putting value of 𝒖 in eq. (𝟏), we get

19
Solve the following systems of Equations: 8(17 ) − 𝑣 = 0
Question#1 152
⇒𝑣=
𝟐𝒙𝟐 = 𝟔 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 ; 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒚𝟐 = 𝟕 17
19
Solution: If 𝒖 = 17 then,
2𝑥 2 = 6 + 3𝑦 2 𝑥2 =
19
or 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 = 6 17
19
and 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑦 2 = 7 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±√17
put 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒖 , 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒗 thus we get 152
2𝑢 − 3𝑣 = 6 … (1) If 𝑣 = 17
then,
152
3𝑢 − 10𝑣 = 14 … (2) 𝑦2 = 17
To balance the coefficient of u
152
multiplying eq. (𝟏) by 3 and eq. (𝟐) by 2 𝑦 = ±√ 17
we get ,
4×38

pk
6𝑢 − 10𝑣 = 14 … (3) ⇒ 𝑦 = ±√ 17
6𝑢 − 9𝑣 = 18 … (4)
38
Subtracting eq. (𝟑) from eq(𝟒) ⇒ 𝑦 = ±2√17
6𝑢 − 10𝑣 = 14 s. 19 38
S. S = { ±√17 , ±2√17 }
6𝑢 − 9𝑣 = 18
te
− + − Question#3
−𝑣 = −4 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖 = 𝟓𝒚𝟐 ; 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟐𝒚𝟐
⇒𝑣=4 Solution:
no

Putting value of 𝒗 in eq. (𝟏), we get 2𝑥 2 − 8 = 5𝑦 2

2𝑢 − 3(4) = 6 or 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑦 2 = 8
2𝑢 − 12 = 6 𝑥 2 − 13 = −2𝑦 2
sy

2𝑢 = 6 + 12 or 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 13
2𝑢 = 18 put 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒖 , 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒗 thus we get
⇒𝑢=9 2𝑢 − 5𝑣 = 8 … (1)
ea

If 𝒖 = 𝟗 then, 𝑢 + 2𝑣 = 13 … (2)
𝑥2 = 9 To balance the coefficient of u
⇒ 𝑥 = ±3 multiplying eq. (𝟐) by 2 we get ,
If 𝑣 = 4 then, 2𝑢 + 4𝑣 = 26 … (3)
𝑦2 = 4 Subtracting eq. (𝟏) from eq (𝟑)
⇒ 𝑦 = ±2 2𝑢 + 4𝑣 = 26
S. S = { ±𝟑 , ±𝟐 }
Question#2 2𝑢 − 5𝑣 = 8
𝟖𝒙𝟐 = 𝒚𝟐 ; 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗 − + −
+9𝑣 = 18
Solution:
⇒𝑣=2
8𝑥 2 = 𝑦 2
Putting value of 𝒗 in eq. (𝟐), we get
or 8𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 0
𝑢 + 2(2) = 13
and 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 19
𝑢 + 4 = 13
put 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒖 , 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒗 thus we get
𝑢 = 13 − 4
8𝑢 − 𝑣 = 0 … (1)
⇒𝑢=9
𝑢 + 2𝑣 = 19 … (2)
If 𝒖 = 𝟗 then,
To balance the coefficient of v
𝑥2 = 9
multiplying eq. (𝟏) by 2 we get,
⇒ 𝑥 = ±3
16𝑢 − 2𝑣 = 0 … (4)
If 𝑣 = 2 then,
Adding eq. (𝟐) and eq(𝟑)
𝑦2 = 2

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Class 11 Chapter 4
⇒ 𝑦 = ±√2 333 3
⇒ 𝑦 = ±2√127 𝑥 = 4 (4)
S. S = { ±𝟑 , ±√𝟐}

333
Question#4 If 𝒚 = 2√127 then, 𝑥=3
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝟔𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 ; 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟒𝟓
4 333
Solution: 𝑥 = 3 (2√ ) If 𝒚 = −4 then
127
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 = 0 … (1)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 45 … (2) 8
= 3 √127
333 3
𝑥 = 4 (4)
Factorizing homogeneous equation we get
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 = 0 If 𝒚 = −2√127 then,
333
𝑥 = −3
𝑥(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − 3𝑦(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0
(𝑥 − 2𝑦)(𝑥 − 3𝑦) = 0
𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 , 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0 4
𝑥 = 3 (−2√127)
333
𝑥 = 2𝑦 , 𝑥 = 3𝑦
If 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒚 then, from (2) If 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚 then, 8 333
= −3√
from (2) 127
(2𝑦)2 + 𝑦 2 = 45 (3𝑦)2 + 𝑦 2 = 45 8 333 9 3 −9 −3
2 2 S. S = { (3 √127 , 𝟑) , (𝟔, −𝟑), ( , ),( , )}
4𝑦 + 𝑦 = 45 9𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 = 45 √2 √2 √2 √2
5𝑦 2 = 45 10𝑦 2 = 45 Question#6
45
2
𝑦 =9 𝑦 = 2 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 ; 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙𝒚 = 𝟔𝟎

pk
10
9 3 Solution:
⇒ 𝑦 = ±3 𝑦2 = ⇒𝑦 =±
2 √2 12𝑥 2 − 11𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 = 0 … (1)
2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑦 = 60 … (2)
3 s.
If 𝒚 = 𝟑 then, If 𝒚 = then, Factorizing homogeneous equation, we
√2
3 9 get
𝑥 = 2(3) = 6 𝑥 = 3 ( 2) = 2
√ √ 12𝑥 2 − 8𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 = 0
te
3
If 𝒚 = −3 then, If 𝒚 = − 2 then, 4𝑥(3𝑥 − 2𝑦) − 𝑦(3𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0
√
3 9 (3𝑥 − 2𝑦)(4𝑥 − 𝑦) = 0
𝑥 = 2(−3) = −6 𝑥 = 3 (− 2) = − 2
no

√ √ 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 , 4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
9 3 −9 −3
S. S = { (𝟔, 𝟑), (𝟔, −𝟑), ( 2 , 2 ) , ( 2 , 2 )} 3𝑥 = 2𝑦 , 4𝑥 = 𝑦
√ √ √ √
2𝑦 𝑦
Question#5 𝑥= ,𝑥 =
3 4
sy

𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 ; 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖 If 𝒙 =

2𝑦
then, from (2) If 𝒙 =
𝑦
then, from
3 4
Solution: (2)
12𝑥 2 − 25𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 2 = 0 … (1) 2𝑦 2 2 𝑦 2 1
2 ( ) + 7 ( 𝑦) 𝑦 = 60 2 ( ) + 7 ( 𝑦) 𝑦 = 60
ea

4𝑥 2 + 7𝑦 2 = 148 … (2) 3 3 4 4
8 2 14 2 1 2 7
Factorizing homogeneous equation we get
9
𝑦 + 3
𝑦 = 60 8
𝑦 + 4 𝑦 2 = 480
12𝑥 2 − 16𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦 2 = 0 2
8𝑦 + 42𝑦 = 540 2
15𝑦 2 = 480
4𝑥(3𝑥 − 4𝑦) − 3𝑦(3𝑥 − 4𝑦) = 0 480
50𝑦 2 = 540 𝑦 2 = 15 = 32
(3𝑥 − 4𝑦)(4𝑥 − 3𝑦) = 0
3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 0 , 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
540 54
𝑥=
4𝑦
,𝑥 =
3𝑦 𝑦2 = = 𝑦 2 = ±√32
3 4 50 5
4𝑦 3𝑦 9×6
If 𝒙 =
3
then, from(2) If 𝒙 =
4
then, from (2) 𝑦 = ±√ 𝑦 = ±√16 × 2 = ±4√2
5
4𝑦 2 3𝑦 2
4( ) + 7𝑦 2 = 148 4( ) + 7𝑦 2 = 148 6
3 4 𝑦 = ±3√5 If 𝒚 = 4√2
64 2 9 2
𝑦 + 7𝑦 2 = 148 𝑦 + 7𝑦 2 = 148
9 4 then
64𝑦 + 63𝑦 2 = 1332
2
9𝑦 2 + 28𝑦 = 592
2
6 1
127𝑦 2 = 1332 37𝑦 2 = 592 If 𝒚 = 3√ then, 𝑥 = (4√2) = √2
5 4

2 6
𝑦2 =
1332
𝑦2 =
592
= 16 𝑥 = 3 (3√5) If 𝒚 = −4√2 then
127 37
6 1
= 2√5 𝑥 = 4 (−4√2)
1332
𝑦 = ±√ 𝑦 = ±4
127 6
If 𝒚 = −3√5 then, 𝑥 = −√2
4×333
𝑦 = ±√ If 𝒚 = 4 then
127

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Class 11 Chapter 4
2 6 − − −
𝑥 = 3 (−3√5) 2 2
7𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 0
6
7𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑦 2 = 0
= −2√5 7𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑥𝑦 − 9𝑦 2 = 0
S. S = 7𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 9𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0
6 6 6 6
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(7𝑥 − 9𝑦) = 0
{ (2√ , 𝟑√ ) , (−2√ , −𝟑√ ) , (√𝟐 ,4√2 ), (−√2 , −4√2)} 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 , 7𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 0
5 5 5 5

Question#7 𝑥 = −𝑦 , 7𝑥 = 9𝑦
9𝑦
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 ; 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓 𝑥 = −𝑦 , 𝑥 = 7
Solution: If 𝒙 = −𝑦 then, from (2) If 𝒙 =
9𝑦
then, from (2)
7
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 16 … (1) 9𝑦 2
𝑥𝑦 = 15 … (2) (−𝑦)2 − 𝑦 2 = 2 (7) − 𝑦2 = 2
To balance constant terms multiply eq. 81
𝑦2 − 𝑦2 = 2 49
𝑦2 − 𝑦2 = 2
(𝟏) by 15 and eq. (𝟐) by 16 we get,
0=2 81𝑦 − 49𝑦 2 = 98
2
15𝑥 2 − 15𝑦 2 = 240 … (3)
Which is impossible 32𝑦 2 = 98
𝑥𝑦 = 240 … (4) 98 49
Subtracting eq. (𝟒) from eq(𝟑) 𝑦 2 = 32 =
16
7
15𝑥 2 − 15𝑦 2 − 16𝑥𝑦 = 0 𝑦= ±
4
15𝑥 2 − 16𝑥𝑦 − 15𝑦 2 = 0 7
If 𝒚 = 4 then
Factorizing
9 7 9
15𝑥 2 − 25𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑥𝑦 − 15𝑦 2 = 0 𝒙 = 7 (4) = 4

pk
5𝑥(3𝑥 − 5𝑦) + 3𝑦(3𝑥 − 5𝑦) = 0 If 𝒚 = − 4 then
7
(3𝑥 − 5𝑦)(5𝑥 + 3𝑦) = 0
9 7 9
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 0 , 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0 s. 𝒙 = (− ) = −
7 4 4
3𝑥 = 5𝑦 , 5𝑥 = −3𝑦
5𝑦 −3𝑦
𝑥= ,𝑥 = 9 7 9 7
te
3 5 S. S = { (− 4 , − 4) , (4 , 4)}
5𝑦 −3𝑦
If 𝒙 = then, from (2) If 𝒙 = then,
3 5 Question#9
from (2) 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟕 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚 ; 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑 = 𝒙𝒚
no

5𝑦 2 −3
( 3 ) = 15 ( 5 𝑦) 𝑦 = 15 Solution:
3 −3 2 𝑦 2 − 7 = 2𝑥𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 7 … (1)
𝑦 2 = 15 × 𝑦 = 15 2 2
5 5 2𝑥 + 3 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 = −3 … (2)
sy

−5
𝑦2 = 9 𝑦2 = 15 ( 3 ) = ±√25 To balance constant terms, multiply eq.
𝑦 = ±3 𝑦 = ±5𝑖 (𝟏) by 3 and eq. (𝟐) by 7 we get,
If 𝒚 = 3 then, If 𝒚 = 5𝑖 3 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 = 21 … (3)
ea

then 14𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑦 = −21 … (4)

5 −3(5ⅈ) Adding eq. (𝟑) and eq (𝟒)
𝑥 = 3 (3) x= 5 3𝑦 2 − 6𝑥𝑦 = 21
−15ⅈ
𝑥=5 𝑥= = −3𝑖 14𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑦 = −21
3
If 𝒚 = −3 then, If 𝒚 = 5𝑖 14𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 13𝑥𝑦 = 0
then
5 −3(−5ⅈ) 15ⅈ 14𝑥 2 − 13𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 = 0
𝑥 = 3 (−3) = −5 x= = = 3𝑖
5 3 14𝑥 2 − 7𝑥𝑦 − 6𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 = 0
S. S = { (5, 𝟑), (−5, −𝟑), (−𝟑𝒊 ,5𝑖 ), (𝟑𝒊, −5𝑖)} 7𝑥(2𝑥 − 𝑦) − 3𝑦(2𝑥 − 𝑦) = 0
Question#8 (2𝑥 − 𝑦)(7𝑥 − 3𝑦) = 0
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟗 ; 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 , 7𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
Solution: 𝑦
𝑥=2 , 𝑥=
3𝑦
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 9 … (1) 𝑦
7
3𝑦
If 𝒙 = then, from (2) If 𝒙 = then, from (2)
𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 2 … (2) 2 7
1𝑦 3𝑦
To balance constant terms multiply eq. 𝑦2 − 2 ( 2 ) 𝑦 = 7 𝑦2 − 2 ( 7 ) 𝑦 =
(𝟏) by 15 and eq. (𝟐) by 16 we get, 7
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 18 … (3) 𝑦2 − 𝑦2 = 7
6
𝑦2 − 7 𝑦2 = 7
9𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 18 … (4)
Subtracting eq. (𝟏) from eq (𝟑) 0=7 7𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 2 = 49
9𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 18
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 18

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Class 11 Chapter 4
Which is impossible 𝑦2 = 2. Translate the problems into symbolically
49 5 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 3 𝑏𝑦 2 = 5 − 3
𝑦 = ±7 3. 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 3 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 − 3
If 𝒚 = 7 4. 5 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑦 5 − 𝑦
then,
5. 𝑋𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑦 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦
3
𝑥 = (7) = 3
7
If 𝒚 = −7 then Exercise 4.10
3 Question#1
𝑥 = (−7) = −3
7 The product of one less than a certain
S. S = { (3,7), (−3, −7)} positive number and two less than three
Question#10 times the number is 14. Find the number.
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟓 ; 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐 Solution:
Solution: Let 𝑥 be a certain positive number , then one
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 5 … (1) less than 𝑥 means 𝑥 − 1
𝑥𝑦 = 2 … (2) two less than 3𝑥 means 3𝑥 − 2.
To balance constant terms multiply eq. Now according to the given condition
(𝟏) by 2 and eq. (𝟐) by 5 we get, (𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑥 )(𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑥)
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 10 … (3) = 14
5𝑥𝑦 = 10 … (4) i.e.
Subtracting eq. (𝟏) from eq (𝟑) (𝑥 − 1 )(3𝑥 − 2) = 14

pk
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 10 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2 − 14 = 0
5𝑥𝑦 = 10 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 12 = 0
− −
3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
s.
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 5𝑥𝑦 = 0
3𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + 4(𝑥 − 3) = 0
2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(3𝑥 + 4) = 0
2𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 = 0
te
𝑥−3=0⇒𝑥 =3 ,
𝑥(𝑥 − 2𝑦) − 2𝑦(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 0 −4
(𝑥 − 2𝑦)(2𝑥 − 𝑦) = 0 3𝑥 + 4 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3
(impossible being
no

𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 , 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 negative)
1
𝑥 = 2𝑦 , 𝑥 = 𝑦 Hence 𝒙 = 𝟑 is required positive number.
2
If 𝒙 = 2𝑦 then, from
1
(2) If 𝒙 = 𝑦 then, from (2) Question#2
2
The sum of a positive number and its
sy

1
(2𝑦)𝑦 = 2 (2 𝑦) 𝑦 =2 square is 380. Find the number.
2
2𝑦 = 2 𝑦2 = 4 Solution:
𝑦2 = 1 𝑦 = ±2 Let 𝑥 be a certain positive number , then its
ea

𝑦 = ±1 If 𝒚 = 2 square will be 𝑥 2
then, Now according to the given condition
1
If 𝒚 = 1 then, 𝑥 = 2 (2) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 380
𝑥 = 2(1) x=1 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 380 = 0
𝑥=2 If 𝒚 = −2 𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 19𝑥 − 380 = 0
then, 𝑥(𝑥 + 20) − 19(𝑥 + 20) = 0
1 (𝑥 − 19)(𝑥 + 20) = 0
If 𝒚 = 2 then, 𝑥 = (−2)
2 𝑥 − 19 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 19 ,
𝑥 = 2(−1) = −2 x = −1 𝑥 + 20 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −20 (impossible being
negative)
S. S = { (2, 𝟏), (−2, −𝟏), (𝟏, 2 ), (−𝟏, −2)} Hence 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟗 is required positive number.
Question#3
Divide 40 into two parts such that the
Problems on Quadratic Equation:
sum of their squares is greater than 2
Remember following steps to solve problems times their product by 100.
expressed symbolically, lead to quadratic Solution:
Let 𝑥 be one part then other part will be 40 − 𝑥
equations in one or two variables.
Sum of squares of parts = 𝑥 2 + (40 − 𝑥)2
1. Suppose the unknown quantities Product of the parts = 𝑥 (40 − 𝑥)
𝑥 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 𝑒𝑡𝑐. Now according to the given condition

37 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
𝟐 𝟐 Find two consecutive numbers, whose
[𝒙 + (𝟒𝟎 − 𝒙) ] − 𝟐[𝒙 (𝟒𝟎 − 𝒙)] = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑥 2 + 1600𝑥 − 80𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 80𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 = 100 product is 132.
𝑥 2 + 1600𝑥 − 80𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 80𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 100 = 0 (Hint: Suppose the numbers are 𝒙 and 𝒙 +
4𝑥 2 − 160𝑥 + 1500 = 0 𝟏).
Dividing by 4 Solution:
𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 + 375 = 0 Let 𝑥 and 𝑥 + 1 be two consecutive numbers.
𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 − 15𝑥 + 375 = 0 Then according to the given condition
𝑥(𝑥 − 25) − 15(𝑥 − 25) = 0 𝑥(𝑥 + 1) = 132
(𝑥 − 25)(𝑥 − 15) = 0 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 132 = 0
𝑥 − 15 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 15 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 11𝑥 − 132 = 0
𝑥 − 25 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 25 𝑥(𝑥 + 12) − 11(𝑥 + 12) = 0
If one part is 15 then the other part = 40 − (𝑥 − 11)(𝑥 + 12) = 0
15 = 25 𝑥 − 11 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 11 ,
If one part is 25 then the other part = 40 − 𝑥 + 12 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −12
25 = 15 If 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏 then,
Question#4 𝑥 + 1 = 11 + 1 = 12
The sum of a positive number and its If 𝒙 = −𝟏𝟐 then,
𝟐𝟔 𝑥 + 1 = −12 + 1 = 11
reciprocal is .Find the number.
𝟓 Hence two consecutive numbers are
Solution: 𝟏𝟏 , 𝟏𝟐 , 𝒐𝒓 − 𝟏𝟏 , −𝟏𝟐
Let 𝑥 be a certain positive number , Question#7

pk
Now according to the given condition The difference between the cubes of two
𝟏 𝟐𝟔
𝒙+𝒙= 𝟓 consecutive even numbers is 296. Find
Multiply by 𝟓𝒙 we get, s. them.
5𝑥 2 + 5 = 26𝑥 (Hint: Let two consecutive even numbers
5𝑥 2 − 26𝑥 + 5 = 0 be x and x + 2)
te
5𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 − 𝑥 + 5 = 0 Solution:
5𝑥(𝑥 − 5) − 1(𝑥 − 5) = 0 Let 𝑥 and 𝑥 + 2 be two consecutive numbers.
(𝑥 − 5)(5𝑥 − 1) = 0 Then according to the given condition
no

𝑥−5=0⇒𝑥 =5 , (𝑥 + 2)3 − 𝑥 3 = 296

5𝑥 − 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 5
1 𝑥 3 + 8 + 3(𝑥 2 )(2) + 3(𝑥)(2)2 − 𝑥 3 − 296 = 0
1 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 288 = 0
sy

Hence 𝒙 = 𝟓 and 𝑥 = 5 are required Dividing by 6 we get

positive numbers. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 48 = 0
Question#5 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 48 = 0
ea

A number exceeds its square root by 56. 𝑥(𝑥 + 8) − 6(𝑥 + 8) = 0

Find the number. (𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 8) = 0
Solution: 𝑥−6=0⇒𝑥 =6 ,
Let 𝑥 be the number , then its square root = √𝑥 𝑥 + 8 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −8
𝑥 = √𝑥 + 56 If 𝒙 = 𝟔 then,
𝑥 − 56 = √𝑥 𝑥 + 2=6+2=8
Squaring both sides If 𝒙 = −𝟖 then,
(𝑥 − 56)2 = (√𝑥)
2 𝑥 + 2 = −8 + 2 = −6
Hence two consecutive numbers are 𝟔 , 𝟖 ,
𝑥 2 − 112𝑥 + 3136 = 𝑥
𝒐𝒓 − 𝟔 , −𝟖
𝑥 2 − 112𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3136 = 0
Question#8
𝑥 2 − 113𝑥 + 3136 = 0
A farmer bought some sheep for Rs. 9000.
𝑥 2 − 64𝑥 − 49𝑥 + 3136 = 0
If he had paid Rs. 100 less for each, he
𝑥(𝑥 − 64) − 49(𝑥 − 64) = 0
would have got 3 sheep more for the
(𝑥 − 64)(𝑥 − 49) = 0
same money. How many sheep did he buy,
𝑥 − 64 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 64
when the rate in each case is uniform?
𝑥 − 49 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 49
Solution:
𝑥 = 49 does not satisfy the given condition
Let 𝑥 be the number of sheep
Hence 𝒙 = 𝟔𝟒 is required number
Amount for 𝑥 sheep = 9000
Question#6 9000
Amount for 1 sheep = 𝑥

38 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
9000 Let speed to cover 48𝑘𝑚 = 𝑥
Amount for 𝑥 + 3 sheep = 𝑥+3
Time to cover 48𝑘𝑚 = 𝑡
according to the given condition
9000 9000 As 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
− 100 =
𝑥 𝑥+3 So,
Multiply by 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟑) we get, 48 = 𝑥𝑡 or 𝑥𝑡 = 48 … (1)
9000 9000
𝑥(𝑥 + 3) . 𝑥
− 100. 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) . 𝑥+3
Now speed to cover 48𝑘𝑚 for travelling
9000(𝑥 + 3) − 100𝑥(𝑥 + 3) = 9000𝑥 2 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟. slower = 𝑥 − 2
Dividing by 100 we get 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
90(𝑥 + 3) − 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) = 90𝑥 48 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑡 + 2)
90𝑥 + 270 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 90𝑥 48 = 𝑥𝑡 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑡 − 4
0 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 90𝑥 − 90𝑥 − 270 48 = 48 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑡 − 4
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 270 = 0 2𝑥 − 2𝑡 − 4 = 0
𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 15𝑥 − 270 = 0 𝑥−𝑡−2 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 + 18) − 15(𝑥 + 18) = 0 𝑥 =𝑡+2
(𝑥 − 15)(𝑥 + 18) = 0 Putting value of 𝒙 in eq.(𝟏), we get
𝑥 − 15 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 15 , (𝑡 + 2)𝑡 = 48
𝑥 + 18 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −18 (impossible) 𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 = 48
Hence 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓 is required number of sheep. 𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 − 48 = 0
Question#9 𝑡 2 − 6𝑡 + 8𝑡 − 48 = 0
A man sold his stock of eggs for Rs. 240. 𝑡(𝑡 − 6) + 8(𝑡 − 6) = 0
(𝑡 − 6)(𝑡 + 8) = 0

pk
If he had 2 dozen more, he would have
got the same money by selling the whole 𝑡−6=0⇒𝑡 =6 ,
for Rs. 0.50 per dozen cheaper. How 𝑡 + 8 = 0 ⇒ 𝑡 = −8 (impossible)
many dozen eggs did he sell? [Link], 𝒕 = 𝟔 is the required time.
Solution: Question#11
Let total dozen eggs to be sold = 𝑥 The area of a rectangular field is 297
te
Amount for 𝑥 dozen eggs = 240 square meters. Had it been 3 meters
240 longer and one meter shorter, the area
Amount for 1 dozen egg = 𝑥 would have been 3 square meters more.
no

240
Amount for 𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑜𝑧𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑠 = 𝑥+2 Find its length and breadth.
according to the given condition Solution:
240
−
240
0.50 = 𝑥+2 Let length of original rectangle = 𝑥
sy

𝑥
Width of original rectangle = 𝑦
Multiply by 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐) we get,
240 240 ∵Area = Length × Width
𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐) . − 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐) .0.50 = 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐) . 𝑥+2 So,
𝑥
ea

240
(𝒙 + 𝟐) 𝑥 − 0.50𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐) = 240𝑥 297 = 𝑥𝑦 … (1)
2
240𝑥 + 480 − 0.50𝑥 − 𝑥 = 240𝑥 After changing the length and width
−0.50𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 480 = 0 Now, length of new rectangle = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑦 − 1)
−0.50𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 480 = 0 But given that area = 297 + 3 = 300
Multiply by 𝟐 we get, So,
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 960 = 0 300 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑦 − 1)
300 = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3
𝑥 2 + 32𝑥 − 30𝑥 − 960 = 0
300 = 297 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3
𝑥(𝑥 + 32) − 30(𝑥 + 32) = 0
(𝑥 − 30)(𝑥 + 32) = 0 300 − 294 + 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 6 … . (2)
𝑥 − 30 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 30 ,
Putting value of 𝒙 in eq.(𝟏), we get
𝑥 + 32 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −32 (impossible)
297 = (3𝑦 − 6)𝑦
Hence 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎 dozen eggs were sold by the
stockist. 3𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 = 297
Question#10 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 99 = 0
A cyclist travelled 48 km at a uniform 𝑦 2 + 9𝑦 − 11𝑦 − 99 = 0
speed. Had he travelled 2 km/hour 𝑦(𝑦 + 9) − 11(𝑦 + 9) = 0
slower, he would have taken 2 hours (𝑦 + 9)(𝑦 − 11) = 0
more to perform the journey. How long 𝑦 + 9 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = −9 (impossible)
did he take to cover 48 km? 𝑦 − 11 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 11
Solution: If 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏 then, from eq. (2)
𝑥 = 3(11) − 6 = 33 − 6 = 27
39 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
So, (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 6) = 0
length of original rectangle = 𝑥 = 27𝑚 𝑥−3=0⇒𝑥 =3 ,
Width of original rectangle = 𝑦 = 11𝑚 𝑥 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −6
Question#12 If 𝒙 = 𝟑 then, from (𝟐)
The length of a rectangular piece of paper 𝑦 =3+3=6
exceeds its breadth by 5 cm. If a strip 0.5 Then number = 𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 3 + 10(6)
cm wide be cut all around the piece of = 3 + 60 = 63
paper, the area of the remaining part If 𝒙 = −𝟔 then, from (𝟐)
would be 500 square cms. Find its original 𝑦 = −6 + 3 = −3
dimensions. Then number = 𝑥 + 10𝑦 = −6 + 10(−3)
Solution: = −6 − 30 = −36
Let breadth(width ) of original rectangle = 𝑥 Hence required number is 𝟔𝟑 or −𝟑𝟔
length of original rectangle = 𝑥 + 5 Question#14
After cutting a strip of 0.5 cm from all around A number consists of two digits whose
Change in breadth = 𝑥 − 2(0.5) = 𝑥 − 1 product is 14. If the digits are
Change in length = 𝑥 + 5 − 2(0.5) = 𝑥 + 4 interchanged, the resulting number will
∵Area = Length × Width exceed the original number by 45. Find the
Now, breadth of new rectangle = 𝑥 − 1 number.
length of new rectangle = 𝑥 + 4 Solution:
∵Area = Length × Width Let unit digit = 𝑥
So, Tens digit = 𝑦

pk
∵Area = (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 1) According to the given condition
But Area = 500𝑐𝑚2 𝑥𝑦 = 14 … (1)
500 = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 45 = 𝑦 + 10𝑥
s.
𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 4 = 500 𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 45 − 𝑦 − 10𝑥 = 0
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 504 = 0 9𝑦 − 9𝑥 + 45 = 0
te
𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 − 21𝑥 − 504 = 0 𝑦 =𝑥−3 … (2)
𝑥(𝑥 + 24) − 21(𝑥 + 24) = 0 Putting value of 𝒚 in eq.(𝟏), we get
(𝑥 − 21)(𝑥 + 24) = 0 𝑥(𝑥 − 5) = 14
no

𝑥 − 21 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 21 , 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 14 = 0
𝑥 + 24 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −24 (impossible) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 7𝑥 − 14 = 0
If 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏 then, 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) − 7(𝑥 + 2) = 0
sy

𝑥 + 5 = 21 + 5 = 26 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 7) = 0
So, 𝑥 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −2 ,
length of original rectangle = 𝑥 = 26𝑐𝑚 𝑥−7=0⇒ 𝑥 =7
ea

Width of original rectangle = 𝑦 = 21𝑐𝑚 If 𝒙 = 𝟕 then, from (𝟐)

Question#13 𝑦 =7−5=2
A number consists of two digits whose Then number = 𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 7 + 10(2)
product is 18. If the digits are = 7 + 20 = 27
interchanged, the new number becomes If 𝒙 = −𝟐 then, from (𝟐)
27 less than the original number. Find 𝑦 = −2 − 5 = −7
the number. Then number = 𝑥 + 10𝑦 =
Solution: −2 + 10(−7) = −2 − 70 = −72
Let unit digit = 𝑥 Hence required number is 𝟐𝟕 or −𝟕𝟐
Tens digit = 𝑦 Question#15
According to the given condition The area of a right triangle is 210 square
𝑥𝑦 = 18 … (1) meters. If its hypotenuse is 37 meters
𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 27 = 𝑦 + 10𝑥 long. Find the length of the base and the
𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 27 − 𝑦 − 10𝑥 = 0 altitude.
9𝑦 − 9𝑥 − 27 = 0 Solution:
𝑦=𝑥+3 … (2) Given that in right triangle
Putting value of 𝒚 in eq.(𝟏), we get Area = 210𝑚2
𝑥(𝑥 + 3) = 18 Hypotenuse = 37
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 18 = 0 Let Base = 𝑥 , Perpendicular = 𝑦
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 18 = 0 We know that
𝑥(𝑥 − 3) + 6(𝑥 − 3) = 0
40 | P a g e
Class 11 Chapter 4
1 (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = (2)2
Area of triangle = (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 )(𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒)
2
1 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 22
210 = (𝑥)(𝑦)
2 𝑥 =𝑦+2
𝑥𝑦 = 420 ⇒ 2𝑥𝑦 = 840 . . . (1) Putting value of 𝒙 in eq.(𝟏), we get
By Pythagoras theorem (𝑦 + 2)𝑦 = 1680
(𝑯𝒚𝒑)𝟐 = (𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆)𝟐 + (𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒑)𝟐 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 1680 = 0
𝑯𝒚𝒑 = √(𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒆)𝟐 + (𝑷𝒓𝒆𝒑)𝟐 𝑦 2 + 42𝑦 − 40𝑦 − 1680 = 0
Putting values, we get , 𝑦(𝑦 + 42) − 40(𝑦 + 42) = 0
37 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 (𝑦 + 42)(𝑦 − 40) = 0
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (37)2 𝑦 + 42 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = −42 (impossible)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1369 . . . (2) 𝑦 − 40 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 40
Subtracting eq. (𝟏) from eq. (𝟐) If 𝒚 = 𝟒𝟎 then, from (𝟒)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 1369 − 840 𝑥 = 40 + 2 = 42
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 529 so,
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = (23)2 Let length of rectangle = 42𝑚
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 23 Width of rectangle = 40𝑚
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 23 Question#17
Putting value of 𝒙 in eq.(𝟏), we get To do a piece of work, A takes 10 days
2(𝑦 + 23)𝑦 = 840 more than B. Together they finish the
𝑦 2 + 23𝑦 = 420 work in 12 days. How long would B take
to finish it alone?

pk
𝑦 2 + 23𝑦 − 420 = 0
𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 + 35𝑦 − 420 = 0 Hint: If someone takes 𝒙 days to finish a
𝟏
𝑦(𝑦 − 12) + 35(𝑦 − 12) = 0 work. The one day’s work will be 𝒙
.
(𝑦 + 35)(𝑦 − 12) = 0
𝑦 + 35 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = −35 (impossible)
s. Solution:
Let B can do work in days = 𝑥
𝑦 − 12 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 12 1
Work done by B in one day =
te
𝑥
If 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 then, from (𝟑)
A can do work in days = 𝑥 + 10
𝑥 = 12 + 23 = 35 1
Work done by A in one day = 𝑥+10
no

so,
1
Base = 𝟑𝟓𝒎 Work done by both A and B in one day = +
𝑥
Perpendicular = 𝟏𝟐𝒎 1
Question#16 𝑥+10
sy

The area of a rectangle is 1680 square Given that,

1
meters. If its diagonal is 58 meters long, Work done by both A and B in one day = 12
find the length and the breadth of the So,
ea

rectangle. 17. 𝟏 𝟏
+ 𝒙+𝟏𝟎
𝟏
= 𝟏𝟐
Solution: 𝒙
Multiplying by 𝟏𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎)
Let length of rectangle = 𝑥 1 1 1
Width of rectangle = 𝑦 12(𝑥 + 10) . 𝑥 + 12(𝑥 + 10). 𝑥+10
= 12 . 12(𝑥 + 10)
diagonal of rectangle = 𝑧 12(𝑥 + 10) + 12𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 10)
So, 12𝑥 + 120 + 12𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 10)
1680 = 𝑥𝑦 … (1) 12𝑥 + 120 + 12𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥
Given that 𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 24𝑥 − 120 = 0
𝑧 = 58 𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 − 120 = 0
By Pythagoras theorem 𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 120 = 0
(𝐻𝑦𝑝)2 = (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒)2 + (𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑝)2 𝑥(𝑥 − 20) + 6(𝑥 − 20) = 0
By the figure (𝑥 − 20)(𝑥 + 6) = 0
𝑧2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 − 20 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 20 ,
(58)2 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑥 + 6 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −6 (impossible)
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 3364 . . . (2) Hence B can finish his work alone in 20
From (𝟏) days.
𝑥𝑦 = 1680 ⇒ 2𝑥𝑦 = 3360 . . . (3) Question#18
Subtracting eq. (3) from eq. (2) To complete a job, A and B take 4 days
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 3364 − 3360 working together. An alone takes twice as
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 4 long as B alone to finish the same job. How

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Class 11 Chapter 4
long would each one alone takes to do the Profit role in company II = (𝑦 + 1)𝑧
job? As we know that,
Solution: 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 ×𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 × 𝑃𝑒𝑟ⅈ𝑜𝑑
Profit = 100
Let B can do the job in days = 𝑥
1 So,
Work done by B in one day = 𝑥 ×𝑦× 1
𝑥 1980 = 100
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 = 198000 . . . . (1)
A can do the job in days = 2 𝑥
1 Also,
Work done by A in one day = 2𝑥 (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝒙) ×(𝒚+𝟏)× 𝟏
𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
1 1
Work done by both A and B in one day = 𝑥
+ 2𝑥 (𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝒙)(𝒚 + 𝟏) = 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟎
Given that, 100000𝒚 + 100000 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
both A and B can do the job in day𝑠 = 4 100000𝒚 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
1
both A and B can do the job in one day𝑠 = 4 100000𝒚 − 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
So, 100000𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 100000𝒚 − 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 . . . (𝟐)
+ 𝟐𝒙 =𝟒 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒙
From (𝟏) 𝒙 = . . . (3)
Multiplying by 𝟒𝒙 𝒚
1
4𝑥 . 𝑥 + 4𝑥.
1 1
= 4 . 2𝑥 Putting value of 𝒙 in eq.(𝟐), we get
2𝑥 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
4+2=𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 =6 100000𝒚 − = 𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒚
If 𝒙 = 𝟔 then, from (𝟒) 100000𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒚
2𝑥 = 2(6) = 12 50𝒚𝟐 − 𝟗𝟗 = 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝒚

pk
Hence B can do job in 6 days while A can 50𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝒚 − 𝟗𝟗 = 𝟎
do job in 12 days. −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Using 𝑥 =
Question#19 2𝑎
s. −(−𝟐𝟎𝟑)±√(−𝟐𝟎𝟑)2 −4(50)(−𝟗𝟗)
An open box is to be made from a square 𝑦=
2(50)
piece of tin by cutting a piece 2 dm square 203±√61009
from each corner and then folding the 𝑦=
te
100
sides of the remaining piece. If the 203±247
𝑦= 100
capacity of the box is to be finish 128 450 −44
𝑦= , 𝑦 = 100
no

[Link], find the length of the side of the 100

piece 𝑦 = 4.5 , 𝑦 = −0.44 (Impossible)
Solution:
Let length of piece of square tin= 𝑥𝑑𝑚 Putting value of y in eq. (3)
sy

𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎
After cutting 2𝑑𝑚2 from each corner 𝒙= ⇒ 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟒, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒.𝟓
Length of box = 𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑚
Investment in company I = 44 ,000 𝑅𝑠.
Width of box = 𝑥 − 4 𝑑𝑚
ea

Thus amount invested in II=

Height of box = 2 𝑑𝑚
100,000-44000=56000
We know that
Volume of box = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ × 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
So,
128 = (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 4). 2
(𝑥 − 4)2 = 64
(𝑥 − 4)2 = (8)2
𝑥 − 4 = 8 ⇒ 𝑥 = 8 + 4 = 12
So,
𝑥 = 12𝑑𝑚 is the length of the square tin piece
Question#20
A man invests Rs. 100,000 in two
companies. His total profit is Rs.3080. If
he receives Rs. 1980 from one company
and at the rate 1% more from the other,
find the amount of each investment.
Solution:
Let I and II be the two companies. Now let
Investment in company A = 𝑥 𝑅𝑠.
Investment in company B = 100000 − 𝑥 𝑅𝑠.
Profit role in company I = 𝑦𝑧
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