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Microorganism and Plant Classification

The document categorizes living organisms into three main groups: microorganisms, plants, and animals, detailing their features and providing examples. It also discusses cell division, chromosomes, and the processes of selective and natural breeding. Key points include the genetic variation that arises during gamete formation and the importance of selective breeding in enhancing desired traits.

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sowmyamunuswamy1808
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19 views3 pages

Microorganism and Plant Classification

The document categorizes living organisms into three main groups: microorganisms, plants, and animals, detailing their features and providing examples. It also discusses cell division, chromosomes, and the processes of selective and natural breeding. Key points include the genetic variation that arises during gamete formation and the importance of selective breeding in enhancing desired traits.

Uploaded by

sowmyamunuswamy1808
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Classification and Variation

Microorganisms
Group Features Examples

Fungi Kingdom have spores, and feeding yeast, mushroom


threads called hyphae

Monera Kingdom one cell body without a bacteria, blue-green algae


nucleus

Protoctista Kingdom one cell body with a amoeba, ciliates


nucleus

Viruses no cell structure influenza, HIV, COVID-19

Plants
Group Features Examples

Algae don’t have roots, stems or leaves green slime, seaweeds

Liverworts and don’t have true roots, have spores sphagnum moss,
Mosses common or umbrella
liverwort

Ferns roots, stems, fronds and spores fiddlehead ferns

Conifers roots, woody stem, cones, seeds fir, pine

Flowering Plants roots, stem, leaves, flowers, seeds, daisy, mango, mint, oak,
some are woody, some are non- pineapple, fig, chestnut,
woody dandelion

Animals
● Invertebrates
Group Features Examples

Jellyfish soft body, tentacles at one box jellyfish, sea anemone, coral
end round the mouth
Flatworms very thin, flat body flukes, tapeworms

Annelid Worms cylindrical bodies divided earthworm, leech, ragworm, fan


into rings worm

Nematode Worms small cylindrical bodies not hookworm, pinworm


divided into rings

Arthropods jointed legs insects, spiders, scorpions,


crustaceans (shrimps and crabs),
centipedes and millipedes

Mollusks soft body with shell (which snails, slugs, octopus, mussels, squid,
might be inside) scallops, limpets

Echinoderms spiny skin, arms (starfish) or brittle star, sea cucumber, sea lily
globe-shaped (sea urchins)

● Vertebrates
Group Features Examples

Fish scales, fins barracuda shark

Amphibians smooth or warty skin, tadpole frogs, toads, salamanders


stage

Reptiles skin covered in dry scales snakes, turtles, lizards

Birds feathers, beaks hummingbird, eagle

Mammals fur, give milk to young mouse, lion

Cells and Reproduction


○ Before a cell divides, long strands of material appear in the
nucleus called chromosomes.
○ Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs in every nucleus.
○ During fertilization, 23 is in the female gamete and 23 is in the
male gamete and fuse together to make 46 chromosomes in
the zygote.
○ Chromosomes are made of genes that give all the information
of how a cell grows, develops and behaves.
○ During formation of gametes, parts of chromosomes are
swapped.
○ Leads to mixing up of genes and therefore, variation.

Selection
● Selective Breeding
○ selecting organisms with the desired features and breeding
them together.
● Natural Breeding
○ only organisms that can survive and adapt to the environment
are the ones to breed and live.

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