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Entrance Exam 2017 - 2018 Mathematics Duration : 3 hours

The distribution of grades is over 50 July 08 , 2017

Exercise 1 ( 7 points )

The complex plane is referred to a direct orthonormal system (O ; u , v ) .

A- Let A be the point of affix 10 and ( ) the circle of diameter [OA ] .
1- Prove that the points B and C of respective affixes b  1 3i and c  8  4i belong to ( ) .
2- Let D be the point of affix d  2  2i .
bd d
Calculate and . Deduce that D is the orthogonal projection of O on (BC ) .
bc bc
Draw ( ) and plot the points A , B , C and D .
B- To each point M of plane with affix z , distinct from O , we associate the point M ' of affix z '
20
such that z ' .
z
1- Prove that the points O , M and M ' are collinear .
2- Suppose in this part that M belongs to the straight line ( ) of equation x  2 .
a) Verify that z  z  4 and prove that 5 ( z ' z ' )  z ' z ' . Deduce that M ' belongs to ( ) .
b) Take a point M on ( ) and plot the associated point M ' .

Exercise 2 ( 7 points )

30% of the students of a high school are members of the " extracurricular activities club " ( EAC ).
We know that one quarter of girls and one third of boys of the school are members of the EAC .

A- A student is chosen randomly from the high school . Consider the two events :
G : " the chosen student is a girl " and A : " the chosen student is a member of the EAC " .
2
1- a) Prove that the probability of the event G is equal to .
5
b) Calculate the probability that the chosen student is a boy not a member of the EAC .
2- We choose a student in the EAC . What is the probability that this student is a girl ?

B- To finance the school ceremony for the national day , the EAC organizes a lottery .
Each day , a student is randomly and independently chosen from the school to hold the lottery .
1- Determine the probability that, among the students chosen in a week of 5 days, there are exactly two
members of the EAC .
2- For any non zero natural number n , denote by p n the probability that in n consecutive weeks ,
5n
7
there is at least one member of the EAC chosen . Prove that pn  1    .
 10 
3- Determine the minimum number of weeks so that p n  0.999 .

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Exercise 3 ( 7 points )

1- Consider the functions f and h defined on the interval K  [1 ; 2 ] by :

f ( x )  1  2n ( x  1)  n ( x 2  1) and h( x )  f ( x )  x .
a) Prove that the two functions f and h are strictly decreasing in K .
b) Prove that if x  K , then f ( x )  K .
c) Prove that the equation f ( x )  x has a unique solution  .
1
2- Consider the sequence (U n ) of first term U 0  such that , for all natural numbers n , U n 1  f (U n ) .
5
a) Prove that , for all n  1 , 1  U n  2 .
1
b) We admit that , for all x  K , f ' ( x )  .
4
1
Knowing that , for all x  K , we have f ( x )    x   , prove that for all n  1 ,
4
1
U n 1    U n   .
4
n 1
1
c) Prove by induction that , for all natural numbers n , U n      .
4
Deduce the limit of the sequence (U n ) .

Exercise 4 ( 9 points )

The plane is referred to a direct orthonormal system (O ; i , j ) .

x2
Consider the ellipse ( ) of equation  ( y  1) 2  1 .
4
1- Draw ( ) . ( Unit : 2 cm )
2
2- Calculate the area of the domain interior to ( ) . Deduce 
0
4  x 2 dx .

3- Let F1 and F2 be the foci of ( ) ( F1 is the focus having positive abscissa) , (d1 ) the directrix
associated to F1 and M ( ;  ) where   1 , a point on ( ) .
a) The tangent ( ) to the ellipse ( ) at M cuts (d ) at L . Prove that the angle LFˆ M is right .
1 1
b) Plot the point M on ( ) and describe a geometric construction of the tangent ( ) .
4- Let  be the measure in radians of the angle F Mˆ F . 1 2
a) Calculate MF1 in terms of  and deduce MF2 .
3 2  8
b) Prove that cos  and determine  when M is one of the vertices of ( ) that belong to
16  3 2
the non focal axis .
c) Determine the abscissas of the points of ( ) that are also on the circle of diameter [ F1 F2 ] .

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Exercise 5 ( 9 points )


In an oriented plane , consider an equilateral triangle ABC such that ( AB ; AC )  ( 2 ) .
3
Let H be the mid point of [AC ] and K the orthogonal projection of H on [AB ] .
1- Let S be the similitude of center A that transforms K into H
and S ' the similitude that transforms B into H and H into K . C
Determine the ratio and an angle of each of the similitudes S and S ' .
2- Consider the transformation T  S  S ' .
a) Determine T (H ) and precise the nature and the elements of T .
H
b) Determine T (C ) . Deduce that S ' (C )  A .
3- Let I be the mid point of [AB ] .
a) Justify that K is the mid point of [AI ] . Deduce that S ' ( A )  I .
b) Determine the point J  S ' ( I ) . A B
4- Consider the transformation f  S '  S '  S ' . K
a) Determine the nature and the elements of f . Figure 41

b) Prove that f (C )  J . Deduce the center L of S ' .

1
5- The plane is referred to the direct orthonormal system ( A ; u ; v ) where u  AB .
4
a) Determine the complex relation of S ' .
b) Deduce the affix of J and that of the center L of S ' .

Exercise 6 ( 11 points )

The plane is referred to an orthonormal system ( O ; i , j ) .

A- Let T be the transformation that , to each point M ( x ; y ) , associates the point N ( x ' ; y ' ) such that
x '   x and y '  2x  y .
1- a) Prove that MN is collinear to i  j and the mid point P of [MN ] belongs to the axis of ordinates .
b) Describe the geometric construction of the image N of any point M of the plane .
2- a) Prove that any point of the axis of ordinates is invariant by T .
b) Let (d ) be a straight line of director coefficient a . Prove that the image of (d ) by T is a straight
line (d ' ) and that the straight lines (d ) and (d ' ) intersect on the axis of ordinates .

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B- 1- a) Set up the table of variations of the function g defined on ]   ; 0 ] by g ( x )  x  1  2e x .

b) Set up the table of variations of the function h defined on [ 0 ;  [ by h( x )  x  1  2e  x .

2- Let (C1 ) and (C2 ) be the representative curves of g and h respectively ( It is not required to draw them ) .
a) Prove that (C2 ) is the image of (C1 ) by T .
b) Prove that the straight line ( ) of equation y  x  1 is asymptote to (C1 ) and to (C2 ) .
c) Determine the position of each of the curves (C1 ) and (C2 ) with respect to ( ) .

 x
3- Consider the function f defined on IR by f ( x )  x  1  2e . Let (C ) be its representative curve .
a) Prove that (C ) is the union of (C1 ) and (C2 ) .
b) Precise the semi tangents to (C ) at the point A of abscissa 0 .
c) Draw (C ) ( Graph unit : 2 cm ) .
4- Let ( ) be the straight line of equation y  x 1 2m where m ] 0 ; 1[ .
a) Prove that , for all m ] 0 ; 1[ , ( ) cuts (C ) at two points : E on (C1 ) and F on (C2 ) .
b) Verify that F  T (E ) ( T is the transformation defined in part A ) .
5- Let (t1 ) be the tangent at E to (C1 ) and (t 2 ) the tangent at F to (C2 ) .
Knowing that (t1 ) and (t 2 ) intersect on the axis of ordinates , deduce that (t 2 ) is the image of (t1 ) by T .

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Entrance Exam 2017 - 2018 Mathematics (SOLUTION) July 08 , 2017

N ( ' ) ( Program : Lebanese bac )
M

Exercise 1 ( 7 points )

A- ( ) is the circle of diameter [OA ] of center the point I with affix 5 , the mid point of [OA ] , and radius 5 .
B
1- IB  b  5   4  3i  5 then , B belongs to ( ) . y
IC  c  5  3  4i  5 then C belongs to ( ) . ( )
2- D is the point of affix d  2  2i ;
bd 1 i 1
  and
b  c  7  7i 7 B ( )
d 2  2i 2 i (1  i ) 2
   i . D
b  c  7  7i  7(1  i ) 7
bd
is real then , D  (BC ) ; I A
bc O x
d M
is pure imaginary then , (OD ) is perpendicular
bc
to (BC ) . M'
Therefore (OD ) is perpendicular to (BC ) at D ;
that is D is the orthogonal projection of O on (BC ) . C
Drawing a figure showing ( ) , A , B and C .
Figure 5

z ' 20 z'
B- 1-  then , is a pure positive real number ; therefore ( OM ; OM ' )  0 ( 2 ) and the points
z zz z
O , M and M ' are collinear .
2- ( ) is the straight line of equation x = 2 and M a point of ( ) then , z  2  yi with y  IR .
a) z  z  2  yi  2  yi  4 .
20 20 20 ( z  z ) 80 400 20 20
z ' z '     ; 5 ( z ' z ' )     z' z' .
z z zz zz zz z z
IM ' 2  ( z ' 5 ) ( z ' 5 )  z ' z '  5 ( z '  z ' )  25  25 then , IM ' 5 and M ' ( ) .
Therefore , M ' is the point of intersection of (OM ) and ( ) .
b) Plotting M ' on the figure as the point where (OM ) cuts ( ) .

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Exercise 2 ( 7 points )
3 1 1
A- It is given that p( A )  , p( A / G )  and p( A / G )  .
10 4 3
1- a) Let x  p(G ) . By the law of total probability ,
3 1 1
P( A )  p( A  G )  p( A  G )  p(G )  p( A / G )  p(G )  p( A / G ) , then  x   (1  x )  .
10 4 3
1 1 2 2
Therefore , x , then x  ; that is p(G )  .
12 30 5 5
3 2 2
b) The required probability is p(G  A)  p(G )  P( A / G )  p(G )  (1  P( A / G ) )    .
5 3 5
p(G  A ) p(G )  p( A / G ) 2 1 3 1
2- The required probability is p(G / A )       .
p( A ) p( A ) 5 4 10 3
B- 1- The 2 days of choosing a member of the EAC can be selected in 5 C 2  10 ways ;
3 7
in addition p( A )  and p( A )  ; therefore , the required probability is
10 10
2 3
3 7 30870
p  10         0.3087 .
 10   10  100000
2- In n weeks there are 5n days . Consider the event :
5n
7
E : " no student is a member of the EAC " ; p( E )    .
 10 
5n
7
The required probability is p n  p( E )  1   
 10 

 
5n
7
3- We have to solve the inequality 1     0.999 which is equivalent to n (0.7 ) 5 n  n (0.001) ;
 10 
n (0.001)
that is 5n n (0.7 )  n (0.001) ; n   3.87 .
5 n (0.7 )
Therefore we need at least 4 weeks for having p n  0.999 .

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Exercise 3 ( 7 points )

2 2x 2(1  x )
1- a) f ' ( x )   2  .
x  1 x  1 ( x  1) ( x 2  1)
For all x in ]1 ; 2[ , f ' ( x )  0 then f is strictly decreasing in K .
h ' ( x)  f ' ( x )  1 where f ' ( x )  0 then , for all x in K , h ' ( x )  0 and h is strictly decreasing in K .
b) f is continuous and strictly decreasing in K then , for all x in K , f (2 )  f ( x )  f (1) where
f (1)  1  n 2  2 and f (2 )  1  n 9  n 5  1 then , f ( x )  K .
c) h is continuous and strictly decreasing in K then , h( K )  [ h(2 ) ; h(1) ] where h(1)  n 2  0.693
and h(2 )  1  n 9  n 5   0.412 .
h is a bijection of K into the interval h(K ) that contains 0 then , the equation h( x )  0 which is
equivalent to f ( x )  x has a unique solution  in K .
18
2- a) U1  f (U 0 )  1  n  1.325 then , U1  K .
13
If , for a certain all n  1, U n  K then , f (U n )  K ( proved in 1-b ) ; that is U n 1  K .
Therefore , for all n  1, U n  K .
1
b) U n 1    f (U n )   where U n  K then , U n 1    Un  .
4
c) Proof by induction :
11
1
1    2 and 1  U1  2 then ,  1  U1    1 and U 1    1    .
4
n 1
1
If , for a certain all n  1, U n      ,
4
n 1 n
1 1 1 1
U n 1    f (U n )    Un      
4 4 4 4
n 1
1
Therefore , for all n  1, U n      .
4
n 1
1
im    0 then , im U n    0 ; im U n   . Consequently , (U n ) converges to  .
n    4  n n

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Exercise 4 ( 9 points )

x2
Consider the ellipse ( ) of equation  ( y  1 ) 2  1.
4
1- For the ellipse ( ) , the center is I ( 0 ;  1) y ( d1 )
and the focal axis is the straight line ( ) of
equation y  1 .
a  2 , b  1 then , the vertices of ( ) are :
( 2 ;  1) , (  2 ;  1) , ( 0 ; 0 ) , ( 0 ;  2 ) .
Drawing ( ) .  x
2- The area of the domain interior to ( ) is
S   a b  2 units of area . F2 I F1 ( )
2
x
The equation  ( y  1) 2  1 can be written 
4 L
( )
4  x2 M
as y  1  where x  [  2 ; 2 ] then ,
2
 ( )
4  x 2 
2

 

S Figure 16 a
dx units of area .
4  2 
0 
2


S
Therefore 4  x 2 dx   .
2
0
x
3- a) An equation of ( ) is  (   1)( y  1)  1 .
4
4 4 3 
( ) cuts the directrix (d1 ) of equation x  at L( ;  1) .
3 3 3 (   1)
1 3 
F1 M (  3 ;   1) and F1 L ( ; ) then F1 M  F1 L  0 and the angle LFˆM is right .
3 3 (   1)
b) M being given on ( ) , the perpendicular to ( F1 M ) at F1 cuts (d1 ) at a point L such that (ML )
is the tangent to ( ) at M .

4 4 3 4 3
4- a) d ( M ; (d1 ) )       then , MF1  e d ( M ; (d1 ) )  (  )  2   and
3 3 2 3 2
3
MF2  2 a  MF1  2   .
2

b) MF1 ( 3   ;  1   ) and MF2 ( 3   ;  1   ) then ,

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2
 2  3 1
MF1  MF2   3  (   1)
2 2
4  3  8 .
2
cos  cos( MF1 ; MF2 )   
MF1  MF2  3  3  2 16  3 2
2     2    43
 2 2 4
  
1
If M is one of the vertices on the non focal axis of ( ) then ,   0 and cos   ; therefore
2
2
 radians .
3

c) The points of ( ) of ordinate  1 do not belong to the circle of diameter [ F1 F2 ] .

The points of ( ) that belong to the circle of diameter [ F1 F2 ] are the points M (  ;  ) where   1
3 2  8
such that F1Mˆ F2 is right ; they are the points M (  ;  ) such that cos   0 ; 3 2  8  0 ;
16  3 2

2 2
  2 or   2 .
3 3
Therefore , the points of ( ) that are on the circle of diameter [ F1 F2 ] are the 2 points of abscissas
2 2
2 and the 2 points of abscissas 2 .
3 3

Exercise 5 ( 9 points )

1- The similitude S of center A transforms K into H .

AH 
The triangle AKH is semi equilateral then , the ratio of S is  2 and an angle of S is .
AK 3
The similitude S ' transforms B into H and H into K where
HK  1   2
 sin  and ( BH ; HK )  ( BH ; HA )  ( HA ; HK )    ( 2 ) then , the ratio
BH 6 2 2 6 3
1 2
of S ' is and an angle of S ' is .
2 3

2- a) T ( H )  S  S ' ( H )  S S ' ( H )  S ( K )  H .
1 
T  S  S ' where S and S ' are two similitudes of ratios 2 and of product 1 and angles and
2 3
2
of sum  then T is a similitude of ratio 1 , angle  that keeps H invariant .
3

Therefore , T is the central symmetry of center H .

b) T (C )  A then S S ' (C )  A ; that is S S ' (C )  S ( A ) and S ' (C )  A .

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1 1 1 1
3- a) AK  AH  AC then , AK  AB  AI then , K is the mid point of [AI ] .
2 4 4 2
S ' (C )  A , S ' ( H )  K and A is the symmetric of C with respect to H then , S ' ( A ) is the
symmetric of S ' (C )  A with respect to S ' ( H )  K ; therefore S ' ( A )  I .
b) S ' ( A )  I , S ' ( B )  H and I is the mid point of [AB ] then , S ' ( I )  J , the mid point of [IH ] .
1 2
4- a) S ' is a similitude of ratio and angle and f  S '  S '  S ' then , f is a similitude of ratio
2 3
2
3
1 1 1
   and angle  3  2 ; therefore f is a dilation of ratio having same center as S ' .
2 8 3 8
b) f (C )  S '  S '  S ' (C )  S '  S ' ( A )  S ' ( I )  J . C
1
f is a dilation of ratio such that f (C )  J then ,
8
1
its center is the point L such that LJ  LC .
8
S ' and f have the same center then , L is the center of S ' . H
5- The plane is referred to the direct orthonormal system
1
( A ; u ; v ) where u  AB . J
4
1 L
a) The complex relation of the similitude S ' of ratio A B
2 K I
2
2 1 i Figure 42
and angle is of the form z '  e 3 z b.
3 2
1 3 i
A( 0 ; 0 ) , I ( 2 ; 0 ) and S ' ( A )  I then 2  b ; therefore z '  z  2.
4
1 3 i 3 3i
b) J  S ' ( I ) then , the affix of J is z J  22  .
4 2
1 3 i
The affix of the center L of S ' is such that z L  z L  2 then ,
4
8 10  2 3 i
zL   .
5 3i 7

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Exercise 6 ( 11 points )

A- 1- a) MN  ( x '  x ) i  ( y '  y ) j  2 x i  2 x j  2 x ( i  j ) then , MN is collinear to i  j

.
x ' x
The abscissa of the mid point P of [MN ] is  0 then , P belongs to the axis of
2
ordinates .

b) Let (d ) be the straight line of equation y  x having u  i  j as a direction vector .

M being any point of plane , the parallel to (d ) drawn through M cuts the axis of ordinates at
point P ; the symmetric of M with respect to P is the image N of M by T .
2- a) Let M ( 0 ; y ) be any point of the axis of ordinates ; the coordinates of the image of M by T are
x ' 0 and y '  y then , M '  M and M is invariant by T .
b) Let (d ) be a straight line of director coefficient a ; an equation of (d ) is of the form y  ax  b where b  IR .
An equation of the image of (d ) by T is  2 x  y  a x  b ; y  (a  2 ) x  b ; therefore , the image of (d )
by T is a straight line (d ' ) of equation y  (a  2 ) x  b .
The straight lines (d ) and (d ' ) intersect at the point ( 0 ; b ) which is on the axis of ordinates .
B- 1- a) g is defined on ]   ; 0 ] by g ( x )  x  1  2 e x . x  0
im e  0 then , im g (x )    .
x
g '(x )
x x + 2
g ' ( x )  1  2e x . g (x )
1
Table of variations of g . 
x
b) h is defined on [ 0 ;  [ by h( x )  x  1  2 e . x 0 n 2 
x
im e  0 then , im h(x )    . h ' ( x ) -1 _ 0 +
x x

h ' (x )  1  2 ex . 1 
h(x )
Table of variations of h . n 2

2- a) The relations x '   x and y '  2x  y are equivalent to x   x ' and y  y '  2 x ' .
M ( x ; y ) belongs to (C1 ) if and only if y  x  1 2e x ; that is y '  2 x '   x '1  2e  x ' ;
y '  x '1  2e  x ' ; therefore an equation of the image of (C1 ) by T is y  x  1  2e  x .
Therefore , (C 2 ) is the image of (C1 ) by T .

b) im g ( x )  ( x  1)   im e x  0 then , the straight line ( ) is asymptote to (C1 ) at   ;

x x

im h( x )  ( x  1)   im e  x  0 then , the straight line ( ) is asymptote to (C 2 ) at   .

x x

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LEBANESE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

c) For all x ]   ; 0 ] , g ( x )  ( x  1)  2e x  0 and , for all x  [ 0 ;  [ , h( x )  ( x  1)  2e x  0

then , each of (C1 ) and (C 2 ) lies above ( ) .


3- The function f is defined on IR by f ( x )  x  1  2e
x
.
 x  1  2e  g ( x) if x ]   ; 0 ]
x
a) f ( x )   ; therefore (C ) is the union of (C1 ) and (C 2 ) .
 x  1  2e  x  h( x) if x [ 0 ;   [

b) The semi tangent to (C ) at the point A of abscissa 0 from the left has the slope g  ' (0 )  2
while
the semi tangent to (C ) at the point A of abscissa 0 from the right has the slope hr ' (0 )  1 .

c) Drawing (C )  (C1 )  (C2 ) ( Graph unit 2 cm ) .

(C2 )
( )
( )

1 A F

O
n 2 1 x

-1
E

(C1 )

Faculty of Engineering – Lebanese University

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LEBANESE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

4- ( ) is the straight line of equation y  x  1 2m where m ] 0 ; 1[ .

 x
a) The equation f ( x )  x  1  2m is equivalent to e  m ; that is  x  n (m ) ;
x   n (m ) ;
x  n (m ) or x   n (m ) .
Therefore , ( ) cuts (C ) at two points E and F of abscissas n (m ) and  n (m ) .
For all m ] 0 ; 1[ , n (m )  0 then , E  (C1 ) and  n (m )  0 then , F  (C2 ) .
b) The coordinates of E are x  n (m ) and y  g (n (m ) )  n (m )  1  2m .
The coordinates of F are x   n (m ) and y  h (n (m ) )  n (m )  1  2m .
The coordinates of the image of E by T are x '   x  n (m ) and
y '  2x  y  2 n (m )  n (m )  1  2m  n (m )  1  2m .
Therefore T ( E )  F .
5- It is given that the tangent (t1 ) at E to (C1 ) and the tangent (t 2 ) at F to (C2 ) intersect at a point L belonging
to the axis of ordinates .
(t1 ) is the straight line (LE ) where T ( E )  F and T ( L )  L since L is on the axis of ordinates then , the image
(t1 ) , which is a straight line , is the straight line (LF ) which is the straight line (t 2 ) .

Faculty of Engineering – Lebanese University

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