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Entrance Exam 2011 - 2012 Mathematics Duration : 3 hours

02, July 2011

The distribution of grades is over 25

I- (3 points) The complex plane is referred to a direct orthonormal system ( O ; u , v ) .
Let z  r e i  where r is a positive real number such that r  1 .
1 z
Consider the points A , B , C and D of respective affixes z A  z , z B  , z C  2 and z D   z .
z z
zA
1- Determine the exponential form of . Deduce the set of values of  such that O belongs to the segment ]AC [ .
zC

2- Suppose in this part that   .
4
a) Prove that z C  z D  z A  zB
b) Calculate z A  z D and z B  zC in terms of r and prove that these numbers are 2 distinct real numbers.

c) Prove that ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid whose diagonals intersect at O .

II- ( 2.5 points ) Consider the sequence (U n ) of first term U 0 such that , for all n , 3U n 1  6  ( U n  2 ) ( U n  1) .
1- If the sequence (U n ) converges what is the value of its limit  ?
2- Prove that if U 0    1 ; 2  then, for all n  1 , U n  2 .
3- Calculate 3U n 1  3U n in terms of U n and prove that if U 0    1 ; 2  then (U n ) is increasing.
4- Prove that if U 0    1 ; 2  then, for all natural number n , U n    1 ; 2  and (U n ) is convergent .
5- Prove that if U 0  2 then, for all natural number n , U n  2 and (U n ) is divergent .

III- ( 4 points ) The plane is referred to the direct orthonormal system ( O ; u ; v ) .

Let T be the transformation whose complex relation is Z  ( 3  4 i ) z  8  4 i .
1- Prove that T has an invariant point whose coordinates are to be determined.
2- Determine the complex relation of the dilation h of center  ( 2 ; 1) and ratio 5 .
3- Let S  T  h 1 .
3 4
a) Prove that z '  (  i ) z is the complex relation of S .
5 5
b) Determine the set (d ) of invariant points of S and verify that  and O belong to (d ) .
4- Let M (z ) be any point of the plane and M ' ( z ' ) its image by S .
Prove that z '  z and z ' z  z  z . Deduce that S is the reflection of axis (d ) .
5- a) Prove that T  S  h .
b) A point M not belonging to (d ) being given. Describe the construction of the point M '  T ( M ) .

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IV- ( 2.5 points ) A statistical study concerning a certain illness is done on families having 2 children : one girl and one boy .
We found the following results :
▪ 50 % of boys and 20 % of girls are attacked by the illness .
▪ In the families where the boy is attacked , the girl is also attacked in 25 % of the cases .
One of the families under study is selected at random .
Calculate the probability of each of the following events :
A : " the two children are attacked by the illness " ;
B : " only one of the two children is attacked by the illness " ;
C : " no one of the two children is attacked by the illness " ;
D : " the boy is attacked knowing that the girl is " ;
E : " the girl is attacked knowing that the boy is not " .

V- (7 points) The plane is referred to a direct orthonormal system (O ; i , j ) .

A- Consider the differential equation ( E ) : y ' y  e x  1 ; x  IR .
Let z be a differentiable function such that y  z e x  1 .
1- Determine the differential equation ( 1 ) whose general solution is the function z .
2- Solve the equation ( 1 ) and deduce the general solution of (E ) .
B- Consider the function p defined on IR by p( x)  ( x  a ) e x  1 where a is a real parameter.
Let ( ) be the representative curve of p .
1- Prove that , for all real numbers a , ( ) has a fixed asymptote to be determined .
2- a) Prove that the solutions of the equations p " ( x )  0 ; p ' ( x )  0 ; p( x )  1 are 3 consecutive
terms of an increasing arithmetic sequence whose common difference is to be determined .
b) Determine a so that the fourth term of this sequence is the solution of the equation p( x )  e  1 .
3- a) Set up the table of variations of p and prove that , for all a in IR , p has a minimum .
b) Determine , as a varies , the set of the point S of ( ) corresponding to the minimum of p .
c) Determine the set of values of a so that , for all x in IR , p( x )  0 .
d) Deduce the sign of the functions f and g defined on IR by f ( x)  x e x  1 and g ( x)  ( x  1) e x  1 .
xe x
C- Consider the function h such that h( x)  . Let (L ) be the representative curve of h .
xex 1
1- a) Justify that h is defined on IR .
b) Set up the table of variations of h .
2- a) Verify that (L ) passes through O and write an equation of the tangent (d ) to (L ) at this point .
 g(x ) 
b) Verify that , for all x in IR , h( x)  x    x .
 f (x ) 
c) Determine the relative position of (L ) and (d ) . What does the point O represent for (L ) ? Draw (L ) and (d )

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3- a) Prove that the restriction of h to the interval [  1 ;   [ has an inverse function h 1 .

b) Prove that the representative curve (L ' ) of h 1 is tangent to (L ) at O . Draw (L ' ) .

VI- (6 points) The plane is referred to a direct orthonormal system (O ; i , j ) .

A- Consider the straight lines ( ) and ( ) of respective equations x   4 and x  2 y  2  0 .
Let M be any point lying between ( ) and the axis of ordinates y ' y . Designate by H , H ' and K the
orthogonal projections of M on y ' y , ( ) and ( ) respectively. Prove that the set of points M such that
5 MK 2  3 MH  MH ' is the curve (C ) of equation ( x  2 y  2 )   3 x ( x  4 ) .
2

B- Consider the curve (C1 ) of equation y 

1
2

x2  3x 2  12 x .
1- Determine an equation of the curve (C2 ) , the symmetric of (C1 ) with respect to the point I (  2 ; 0 ) .
2- Prove that (C )  (C1 )  (C2 ) . y
3- The curve (C1 ) is drawn in the adjacent figure. Draw (C ) . ( Unit : 2 cm ) 2
 (C1 )
C- Let r be the rotation of center O and angle  .
4 1
1- Prove that x  3 y  2 2 x  6 2 y  2  0 is an
2 2
4 I
1 O x
equation of the image (E ) of (C ) by r .
2- a) Prove that (E ) is an ellipse whose area is S  8 3  cm 2 .
0

b) Deduce that (C ) is an ellipse of center I and calculate its area. Deduce


4
 3x 2  12 x dx .

c) Determine the focal axis of (C ) and the coordinates of one of its foci .

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Entrance exam 2011-2012 Solution of Mathematic Time: 3 hours

02, July 2011

Exercise 1
z z 3 r 3 e 3i 
1- ▪ A   i 
 r 2e 4i .
zC z re
z 
▪ ( OC ; OA )  arg  A   4 ( 2  ) .
 zC 
O , A and C are such that O  [AC ] if and only if ( OC ; OA )    2k ; that is
 
4    2k and    k where k  Z .
4 2

2- Suppose in this part that   .
4
3   
1 i i i 1 i
a) ▪ z C  z D  e 4 re 4  re 4  e 4  z A  zB .
r r

b) ▪ z A  z D  z  z  2 Re ( z )  2r cos r 2 .
4
 3    
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i i 1  2
▪ z B  zC  e 4  e 4  e 4  e 4  ( e 4  e 4 )  ( 2 cos )  .
r r r r r r 4 r
▪ For all values of r in ] 0 ;   [1  , the two numbers z A  z D and z B  z C are real numbers .
1
▪ Since r  1 then r  therefore z A  z D  z B  z C .
r
c) ▪ Each of z A  z D and z C  z D is a real number the two straight lines (AD ) and (BC ) are parallel
to the axis of abscissas x ' x , then (AD ) and (BC ) are parallel .
▪ AD  BC since z A  z D  z B  z C .
▪ zC  z D  z A  z B then z A  z B  z C  z D therefore AB  CD .
Therefore ABDC is an isosceles trapezoid .
z z 1
▪ A  r 2 e i    r 2 and B   2 .
zC zC r
z z
Each of A and B is a negative real number then O  [AC ] and O  [BD ] and the diagonals
zC zC
[AD ] and [BC ] intersect at O .

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Exercise 2

The sequence (U n ) is defined by its first term U 0 and by the relation 3U n 1  6  (U n  2 ) (U n  1) .

1- If the sequence (U n ) converges then its limit  is such that 3   6   2    2 ; that is
 2  4   4  0 ; (   2 ) 2  0 ; therefore   2 .
2- ▪ 3U 1  6  (U 0  2 ) (U 0  1) ; therefore , if U 0  2 or U 0  1 then U 1  2 .
▪ If , for a certain value of n  1 , U n  2 then , 3U n 1  6  (U n  2 ) (U n  1)  0 ; that is U n 1  2 .
Therefore for all n  1 , U n  2 .

3- ▪ 3U n 1  3U n U n2  4U n  4  (U n  2 ) 2 .
▪ For all n in IN U n 1  U n  0 therefore , (U n ) is increasing .

4- ▪ U 0    1 ; 2 
▪ If , for a certain value of n , U n    1 ; 2  then , U n  1  0 and U n  2  0 ; therefore
3U n 1  6  0 and U n 1  2 .
Therefore , for all n in IN , U n  2 .
On the other hand , the sequence (U n ) is increasing , then , for all n in IN , U n  U 0  1 .
Finally , for all n in IN , U n    1 ; 2  .
The sequence (U n ) is strictly increasing and bounded from above by 2 ; therefore it is convergent
and its limit , according to part 1 , is equal to 2 .
5- ▪ U 0  2 .
▪ If , for a certain value of n in IN , U n  2 then , U n  1  0 and U n  2  0 ; therefore
4U n 1  8  0 and U n 1  2 .
Therefore, for all n in IN , U n  2 .
Therefore the sequence (U n ) cannot converge to the eventual limit 2 ; then it is a divergent sequence .

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Exercise 3

1- The affix of the invariant ( x ; y ) of T is the solution of the equation z  ( 3  4 i ) z  8  4 i which

is equivalent to x  i y  ( 3  4 i ) ( x  i y )  8  4 i ; 2 ( x  2 y  4 )  4 ( x  y  1) i  0 ; that is
x  2 y  4  0 and x  y  1 0 ; x  2 and y  1 . Finally , the invariant point of T is  ( 2 ; 1)
2- The complex relation of the dilation h  h (  ; 5 ) is z '  5 z  (1  5 ) z ; that is z'  5 z  8  4 i .
1 1 8 4
3- h 1 is the dilation of center  ( 2 ; 1) and ratio ; its complex relation is z '  z   i .
5 5 5 5
a) Let M be any point with affix z .

h 1 M 1 ( z1 ) S M '(z ')
M (z )

S  h 1
Figure 13
1 8 4
We have z1  z   i and z '  ( 3  4 i ) z1  8  4 i then
5 5 5
1 8 4 3 4 3 4
z'  ( 3  4 i ) ( z   i )  8  4 i  (  i ) z  8  4 i  8  4 i ; z '  (  i ) z .
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3 4
b) The set of invariant points of S is the set (d ) of points M ( x ; y ) such that z  (  i ) z ;
5 5
3 4
x  i y  (  i ) ( x  i y ) ; 2 ( x  2 y )  4 ( x  2 y ) i  0 ; that is x  2 y  0 .
5 5
Therefore (d ) is the straight line of equation x  2 y  0 which passes through  and O .
3 4
4- M (z ) is any point of (P ) and M ' ( z ' ) its image by S then z '  (  i ) z .
5 5
3 4 3 4
z'  (  i)z   i  z  z  z .
5 5 5 5

3 4 3 4 3 4
z ' z  (  i ) z  (  i ) z    i  z  z   z  z .
5 5 5 5 5 5

z '  z is equivalent to OM  OM ' and z ' z  z  z is equivalent to  M   M ' then

the straight line (O ) , which is (d ) , is the perpendicular bisector of [MM ' ] .

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Therefore S is the reflection of axis (d ) .

  
5- a) S  T  h 1 is equivalent to S  h  T  h 1  h  T  h 1  h  T . 
b) M is a point not belonging to (d ) ; M '  T (M )  S  h (M )  S h (M )  S ( N ) where N  h(M ) .
Therefore M ' is the symmetric with respect to (d ) of the image of M under h .

y
N

(d )


M'
O x
Figure 14

Exercise 4

Consider the events :

M : " the boy of the family is attacked by the illness "
F : " the girl of the family is attacked by the illness ".
1
▪ 50 % of boys are attacked by the illness then p( M ) 
2
1
▪ 20 % of girls are attacked by the illness then p( F ) 
5

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1
▪ In the families where the boy is attacked , the girl is also attacked in 25% of the cases then p( F / M )  .
4
A : " the two children are attacked by the illness " ; A  M  F .
1 1 1
p( A )  p( M  F )  p( M )  p( F / M )   
2 4 8

B : " only one of the two children is attacked by the illness " ; B  M  F  M  F .
1 1 1 9
p( B )  p( M )  p( F )  2 p( M  F )  p( M )  p( F )  2 p( A )     .
2 5 4 20

C : " no one of the two children is attacked by the illness " ; C  M  F  M  F .

1 1 1 17
p(C )  p( M  F )  1  p( M  F )  1  p( M )  p( F )  p( A )  1     .
2 5 8 40
D : " the boy is attacked knowing that the girl is " ; D  M / F .
p( M  F ) p( A ) 1 5
p( D )  p( M / F )    5  .
p( F ) p( F ) 8 8
E : " the girl is attacked knowing that the boy is not " . E  F / M .
p( M  F ) p( F )  p( M  F ) p( F )  p( A )  1 1   1  3
p( E )  p( F / M )         1    .
p(M ) 1  p( M ) 1  p(M )  5 8   2  20

Exercise 5

A- ( E ) : y ' y  e x  1 ; x  IR .
1- If y  z e x  1 then y '  z ' e x  z e x .
   
By substitution in the equation (E ) we find z ' e x  z e x  z e x  1  e x  1 ; z ' e x  1  e x  1 ;
z ' e  e ; z ' 1 ; then (1) : z '  1 .
x x

2- The general solution of the equation (1) is z  x  a where a  IR ; therefore the general solution
of the equation (E ) is p( x )  ( x  a ) e x  1 .
B- The function p is defined on IR by p( x)  ( x  a ) e x  1 where a is a real parameter .
1- lim x e x  0 ; therefore , for all a in IR , lim p( x)  lim ( x e x  a e x  1)  1 .
x   x   x  
Therefore , as a varies , ( ) has a fixed asymptote of equation y  1 .
2- p( x )  ( x  a ) e x  1 ; p ' ( x )  ( x  a  1) e x ; p " ( x )  ( x  a  2) e x
a) ▪ The equation p "( x )  0 is equivalent to ( x  a  2) e x  0 ; x  a  2  0 ; x   a  2 .
▪ The equation p ' ( x )  0 is equivalent to ( x  a  1) e x  0 ; x  a  1  0 ; x   a  1 .

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▪ The equation p( x )  1 is equivalent to ( x  a ) e x  0 ; x  a  0 ; x   a .

These solutions are , in the order  a  2 ;  a  1 ;  a , 3 consecutive terms of an increasing
arithmetic sequence of common difference 1 .
b) The fourth term of this sequence is  a  1 ; this real number is the solution of the equation f ( x )  e  1
if and only if f ( a  1)  e  1 ; that is e  a 1  1  e  1 ; e  a 1  e ;  a  1  1 ; a  0 .
3- a) lim p( x)  1 and lim p ( x )   
x   x   x   a 1 
p ' ( x)  ( x  a  1 ) e .
x
p '(x ) _ 0 +
Table of variations of p

p(x ) 1
The table of variations of p shows that 1  e  a 1
Figure 17
for all a in IR , p has a minimum at  a  1 .
b) The coordinates of the point S of ( ) corresponding to the minimum of p are
x   a  1 and y  1  e  a 1 such that , , as a varies , they satisfy the relation y  1  e x .
Therefore, as a varies , the set of S is the curve of equation y  1  e x .

c) The table of variations of p shows that p has an absolute minimum equals to 1  e  a 1 .

Therefore p( x )  0 for all x in IR , if and only if 1  e  a 1  0 .
1  e  a 1  0 is equivalent to e  a 1  1 ;  a  1  0 ; a  1.
d) The functions f and g defined on IR by f ( x)  x e x  1 and g ( x)  ( x  1) e x  1 correspond
respectively to a  0 and a  1 then , for all x in IR , f ( x )  0 and g ( x )  0 .
xe x xe x
C- The function h is such that h( x)   .
x e x  1 f (x )
1- a) We proved in part B-1) that , for all x in IR , f ( x )  0 ; therefore f ( x )  0 and h is defined on IR .

x e x  1 1 f (x ) 1 1
b) ▪ For all x in IR , h( x)    1 .
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )
▪ lim f ( x)  1 ; therefore lim h( x)  1  1  0 .
x   x   x  -1 
▪ lim f ( x )    ; therefore lim h( x)  1  0  1 . h' (x) _ 0 +
x   x  
1 f '(x )
▪ h( x )  1  ; then h ' ( x)  . h (x) 0
1
f (x )  f ( x ) 2 1
1 e
h ' ( x ) and f ' ( x ) have the same sign on IR . Figure 21
Table of variations of h

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2- a) h(0 )  0 ; therefore (L ) passes through the origin of the system .

An equation of the tangent (d ) to (L ) at this point is y  h ' (0 ) x ; (d ) : y  x .

b) For all x in IR , h( x)  x 
xex
x
x e x  x f (x )


f (x )  e x x
 

 g(x ) 
x .
f (x ) f (x ) f (x )  f (x ) 
c) The relative position of (L ) and (d ) depends on the sign of h( x)  x .
The sign of h( x)  x is the opposite to that of x since , for all x in IR , g ( x )  0 and f ( x )  0 .
▪ If x  ]   ; 0[ , h( x)  x  0 and (L ) lies above (d ) .
▪ If x  ] 0 ;  [ , h( x)  x  0 and (L ) lies below (d ) .
Since the relative position of (L ) and (d ) changes at the origin ; therefore this point is a point of
inflection of (L ) .
lim h( x)  0 and lim h( x)  1 ; then the straight lines of equations y  0 and y  1 are
x   x  
asymptotes to (L ) .

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y

(L ' )
(d )

1
(L )

-1
O 1 x

-1
Figure 22

3- a) The restriction of h to the interval [  1 ;  [ is continuous and strictly increasing ; therefore , it admits

an inverse function h 1 defined on h [  1 ;   [   [

1
;  [ .
1 e
b) The representative curve (L ' ) of h 1 is the symmetric of (L ) with respect to the straight line (d ) of
equation y  x .
(L ) passes through the origin O and is tangent to (d ) at this point ; therefore (L ' ) passes through
the symmetric of O with respect to (d ) which is O it self and is tangent to (d ) at this point .
Therefore (L ) and (L ' ) are tangent at O .
Drawing (L ' ) by symmetry with respect to (d ) .

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Exercise 6

A- ( ) and are the straight lines of respective equations x   4 and x  2 y  2  0 .

A point M ( x ; y ) lies between ( ) and the axis y ' y if and only if x  [  4 ; 0 ] .
x  2y  2
MK  d ( M ; ( ) )  ; MH  d ( M ; y ' y )  x ; MH '  d ( M ; ( ) )  x  4 .
5
M  (C ) if and only if M between ( ) and y ' y and 5 MK 2  3 MH  MH ' ; that is
x  [  4 ; 0 ] and ( x  2 y  2 ) 2  3 x ( x  4 ) ; ( x  2 y  2 )2   3 x (x  4 ) .
Finally , (C ) is the curve of equation ( x  2 y  2 ) 2   3 x ( x  4 )

B- (C1 ) is the curve of equation of equation y 

1
2

x  2   3x 2  12 x . 
1- An equation of (C 2 ) , the symmetric of (C1 ) with respect to the point I (  2 ; 0 ) is

y
1
2

4 x2  3( 4  x ) 2  12 ( 4  x )   12  x  2   3x  12 x  .
2

  3x  12 x  or y   x  2  ;
1 1
2- An equation of (C1 )  (C2 ) is y  x2 2
 3x 2  12 x
2 2
that is 2 y  x  2   3x 2  12 x ; 2 y  x  2    3x 2  12 x ; ( 2 y  x  2 ) 2  3x 2  12 x ;
( x  2 y  2 ) 2   3 x ( x  4 ) which is an equation of (C ) .
Therefore (C )  (C1 )  (C2 ) .

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3- Drawing (C )

(d )
A 2
T

( )
F
(C1 ) N
1

I
4 3
1 O x

(C2 )

2

Figure 19

 
i i
C- 1- The complex relation of r is z '  e 4 z which is equivalent to z  e 4 z ' ; that is
 2 2
x  i y   i   x 'i y ' ; therefore x  2 ( x ' y ' ) and y  2 ( x ' y ' ) .
 2 2  2 2
The equation of (C ) can be written as x 2  xy  y 2  4 x  2 y  1  0 .
By substituting for x and y , the equation x 2  xy  y 2  4 x  2 y  1  0 becomes
1 1 1
( x ' y ' ) 2  ( x ' 2  y ' 2 )  ( x ' y ' ) 2  2 2 ( x ' y ' )  2 ( x ' y ' )  1  0 ;
2 2 2
1 2 3 2
x '  y '  2 x ' 3 2 y '1  0 ; x ' 2  3 y ' 2  2 2 x ' 6 2 y '  2  0 .
2 2
Therefore , an equation of (E ) is x 2  3 y 2  2 2 x  6 2 y  2  0 .

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2- a) The equation x 2  3 y 2  2 2 x  6 2 y  2  0 can be written as

(x  2 )2 ( y  2 )2
(x  2 )2  2  3 ( y  2 )2  6  2  0 ; (x  2 )2  3 ( y  2 )2  6 ;  1 .
6 2
Therefore (E ) is an ellipse .
For the ellipse (E ) , a  6 and b  2 ; the area of (E ) is S   a b units of area .
S   6  2  2 3  units of area ; that is S  8 3  cm 2 .
b) The rotation preserves the nature of a conic and (E ) is an ellipse then (C ) is also an ellipse .
The point I is the center of (C ) since (C ) is formed of two parts (C1 ) and (C 2 ) symmetric with
respect to I .

The rotation preserves areas then the area of (C ) is also equal to 8 3  cm 2 .

The area of (C ) is the area of the domain bounded by (C1 ) and (C 2 ) ; since (C1 ) is above (C 2 )

   
0 0
1
then S  x2  3x  12 x  x  2 
2
 3x  12 x dx 
2
 3x 2  12x dx units of area .
2
4 4
0

Consequently ,

4
 3 x 2  12 x dx  2 3  .

c) The focal axis of (E ) is the straight line ( ) of equation y  2 ; that of (C ) is the straight line
(d ) whose image by the rotation r is ( ) .

i  2 2
The complex relation of r is z '  e 4 z ; x 'i y '   i   x  i y  then y '  2 ( y  x )
 2 2  2
2
Therefore an equation of (d ) is ( y  x )  2 which is y  x  2 .
2
For the ellipse (E ) , c  a 2  b 2  6  2  2 then F ' ( x '  2  2 ; y '  2 ) .
The point F such that r ( F )  F ' is a focus of (C ) .
2 2
The coordinates of F are x  ( x ' y ' )  2  2 and y  ( x ' y ' )  2 .
2 2
OR The rotation preserves the distances then IF  c  2 .
Therefore the foci of (C ) are the points on (d ) such that IF  2 ; that is
F ( x ; x  2 ) and IF 2  ( x  2 ) 2  ( x  2 ) 2  4 ; therefore ( x  2 ) 2  2 ; x  2  2 or x  2   2 .
The foci of (C ) are the points (  2  2 ; 2 ) and (  2  2 ;  2 )

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