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Entrance Exam 2012 - 2013 Mathematics Duration : 3 hours

July 07 , 2012
The distribution of grades is over 25

y
I- ( 1.5 pt ) The plane is referred to a direct orthonormal system B
of origin O . Consider the points A(1 ; 0 ) and B( 3 ; 1) .
Let z1 be the affix of OB and z 2 that of AB .
1- Determine an argument of z1 z 2 in terms of  and  . 

2- Determine the algebraic form of each of z1 , z 2 and z1 z 2 . O A H x
3- Deduce the value of the sum    . Figure 2

4


II- ( 3.5 pts ) Consider the sequence ( I n ) defined , for n  1 , by I n  tan n x dx .
0
1- Calculate I 1 and I 2 .

0 4
1
2- Prove that , for all n  1 , I n  I n  2   tan x dx and tan
3 4
. Deduce x dx .
n 1 
 
4 4
1
3- a) Prove that , for all n  1 , I n  0 . Deduce that I n  .
n 1
1
b) Prove that the sequence ( I n ) is decreasing . Deduce that I n  .
2(n  1)
4- Prove that the sequence ( I n ) is convergent and calculate its limit .

III- ( 5.5 pts ) A- The complex plane is referred to a direct orthonormal system .

1- Solve , in the set of complex numbers , the equation z 2  2 (1  cos 2 ) z  2 (1  cos 2 )  0 where  ] 0 ; [.
2
2- Determine the exponential form of the complex number q  1  cos 2  i sin 2 .
4
3- Consider the complex number z  and designate its image by M .
q2
a) Determine the exponential form of z in terms of  . Deduce that z  1  tan 2   2 i tan  .

b) Prove that , as  traces ] 0 ; [ , the set of M is a part of a parabola to be determined .
2

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B- Consider the parabola (P ) of equation y 2  4  4 x .

1- Determine the vertex S of (P ) and draw (P ) in an orthonormal system ( O ; i , j ) .
2- Let A and B be two points of (P ) distinct from S such that (SA) and (SB ) are perpendicular .
Let 2a and 2b be the respective ordinates of A and B .
a) Determine b in terms of a .
b) Prove that , as a varies in IR  , (AB ) passes through the fixed point I such that OI   3 OS .
c) Let K be the symmetric of S with respect to (AB ) . Prove that , as a varies in IR  , K varies on a
fixed circle to be determined .
d) Determine the abscissa of the point of intersection L of the tangents to (P ) at A and B respectively
and prove that , as a varies in IR  , L varies on a fixed straight line to be determined .

IV- ( 3.5 pts ) A beginner in darts executes successive throws . We know that :
▪ The probability that he hits the target at the first throw is equal to 0.5 .
▪ If he hits the target at a certain throw , the probability that he hits the target at the next throw is equal to 0.4 .
▪ If he misses the target at a certain throw , the probability that he misses it at the next throw is equal to 0.8 .
For all natural numbers n  1 , consider the events An : " the player hits the target at the n th throw " and
B n : " the player misses the target at the n th throw " and let p n  p ( An ) .
1- For all n  1 , determine p ( An 1 / An ) and p ( An 1 / Bn ) .
2- Prove that , for all n  1 , pn 1  0.2 (1  pn ) .
3- Consider the sequence ( Vn ) defined , for all n  1 , by Vn  p n  0.25 .
a) Prove that ( Vn ) is a geometric sequence whose common ratio and first tem are to be determined .
b) Calculate V n and then p n in terms of n and determine lim p n .
n  

4- Knowing that the player hits the target at the second throw , calculate the probability that he missed
it at the the first throw .
A
V- ( 4 pts ) Given a circle ( ) of diameter [BC ] , BC  2 and center O . (d )
(d ) is the tangent to ( ) at C ; the triangle ABC is direct and equilateral
J
of center G . (AB ) cuts ( ) at E , (AC ) cuts ( ) at F E F
and (BF ) cuts (d ) at J . D is the mid point of [CF ] .
Let S be the similitude of center C that transforms F into J .
1- a) Determine S (D ) and S (A ) . D
b) Determine the ratio and an angle of S . B C
c) Prove that S ( E )  A and that S (O )  G . O

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Figure 15
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2- Let ( ' ) be the image of the circle ( ) by S .

a) Prove that ( ' ) is the circle circumscribed about the triangle ABC .
b) Prove that J belongs to ( ' ) . Draw ( ' ) .
c) Calculate the area of the circle ( ' ) .

VI- ( 7 pts ) A- Consider the differential equation ( E ) : x y ' (1  x ) y  x  0 where y is a function defined on IR   0  .
1- Prove that the function z such that z  x y  x is the general solution of the differential equation ( I ) : z '  z  1 .
2- Solve the equation ( I ) and determine the general solution of the equation ( E ) .
3- Determine the particular solution of the equation ( E ) that has a finite limit at 0 .
x 1 ex
B- Consider the function f defined on IR such that f (0)  0 and , if x  0 , f ( x)  .
x
Let (C ) be the representative curve of f in an orthonormal system ( O ; i , j ) .
1- Let g be the function defined on IR by g ( x)  x  e x .
x 1 ex
Calculate g (0 ) and g ' (0 ) . Deduce lim and prove that f is continuous at 0 .
x 0 x
1 1
2- a) We know that , for all x  0 ,  x 2  x  f ( x )   x . Deduce that f is differentiable at 0 .
2 2
b) Determine an equation of the tangent ( ) to (C ) at the origin O .
3- Let h be the function defined on IR by h ( x)  (1  x ) e x .
Set up the table of variations of h and prove that , for all x in IR   0  , h( x )  1 .
h( x )  1
4- a) Prove that , for x in IR   0  , f ' ( x )  and set up the table of variations of f .
x2
b) Determine the asymptote (d ) to (C ) at   . Draw (d ) , ( ) and (C ) . ( Unit : 2 cm )

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Entrance Exam 2012 - 2013 Solution of Mathematics Duration : 3 hours

July 07 , 2012

Exercise 1

1- The figure shows that ( u ; OC )   ( 2 ) and ( u ; AC )   ( 2 ) then  is an argument of z1

and  is an argument of z 2 ; therefore    is an argument of z1 z 2 .
2- OC ( 3 ; 1 ) then z1  3  i and AC ( 2 ; 1) then z 2  2  i ; therefore z1 z 2  (3  i ) (2  i )  5  5 i .
 2 2     
3- z1 z 2  5  5 i  5 2   i   5 2  cos  i sin  then is also an argument of z1 z 2 .
 2 2   4 4 4

   and are two arguments of the complex number z1 z 2 then there exists an algebraic integer
4

k such that      2 k .
4
  
0  and 0    then 0       ; therefore     .
2 2 4

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Exercise 2
  
4 4 4 
dx   n cos x  04
 tanx dx   
sinx ( cos x ) ' 1
1- a) ▪ I1  dx    n  n1  n 2 .
cos x cos x 2
0 0 0
 
4 4 

▪ I2 

0
tan x dx 
2
0
(1  tan x  1) dx  tanx  x  04  1 
2
4
.

  
 tan x4
 tan   
4 4 n 1


1
2- a) I n  I n  2  n
x  tan n 2 x dx  tan n x 1  tan 2 x dx     .
 n 1  0 n 1
0 0

0 4

 tan 
1 1
b) ▪ The function x  tan x is odd then 3 3
x dx   tan 3 x dx   I 3    I 1    n 2

2 2
0

4
 

  4
4 4
1
▪ The function x  tan x is even then  tan 
x dx  2 tan 4 x dx  2 I 4  2   I 2    .
4 4

 0
3  2 3

4
 
3- a) ▪ For all x in [ 0 ; ] , tanx  0 then , for all x in [ 0 ; ] and for all n  1 , tan n x  0 .
4 4

tan n x  0 and 0  then I n  0 .
4
1 1 1
▪ Using the relation I n  I n  2  we find I n   I n  2 where I n  2  0 then I n  .
n 1 n 1 n 1
 
4 4

b) ▪ I n  1  I n   ( tan n  1 x  tan n x ) dx   tan n x ( tan x  1 ) dx where , in the interval [ 0 ; ] , tan n x  0
0 0 4

tanx  1 and 0  then I n 1  I n  0 ; that is I n 1  I n and ( I n ) is decreasing .
4
▪ ( I n ) is decreasing then I n  I n  2  2I n .
1 1 1
Using the relation I n  I n  2  we find  2 I n then I n  .
n 1 n 1 2(n  1)
c) The sequence ( I n ) is decreasing and is bounded from below by 0 then it is convergent .

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3- ▪ ( I n ) is decreasing and bounded from below by 0 then ( I n ) is convergent .

1
▪ The limit  should satisfy the relation     im ; therefore 2  0 and   0 .
n   n  1

1 1 1 1
OR  In  where im  im  0 then im I n  0 .
2 (n  1) n 1 n   n  1 n   2 ( n  1 ) n  

Exercise 3
A- 1- For all real numbers  , z 2  2 (1  cos 2 ) z  2 (1  cos 2 )  0 is a second degree equation whose
discriminant is  '  (1  cos 2 ) 2  2 (1  cos 2 )  cos2 2  1   sin 2 2  ( i sin 2 ) 2 .
The solutions in C of the given equation are z  1  cos 2  i sin2 and z  1  cos 2  i sin2 .

2- q  1  cos 2  i sin 2 where 0    .
2
q  1  cos 2  i sin 2  2 cos2   2 i sin  cos  2 cos ( cos  i sin  )  2 cos e i  where

cos  0 since 0    ; therefore , the exponential form of q is q  2 cos e i  .
2
4
3- Consider the complex number z  . Let M be the image of z .
q2
4 1
a) q 2  4 cos2  e i 2 then z  2  e  i 2 .
q cos 
2

cos 2 sin2 2 cos2   1 2 sin cos

z
1
e  i 2

1
cos 2  i sin 2    i   i
cos2  cos2  cos2  cos2  cos2  cos2 
 
 2  1  tan 2   2 tan  i  1  tan 2   2 tan  i .
b) The coordinates of M are x  1 tan 2 and y   2 tan  .
1 2
As  varies , the coordinates of M satisfy the relation x  1  y then M belongs to the parabola
4
of equation y 2   4 ( x  1) .

As  traces the interval ] 0 ; [ the ordinate y of M traces the interval ]   ; 0[ .
2
Therefore the set of N is the part of the parabola lying below the axis of abscissas .
B- (P ) is the parabola of equation y 2  4  4 x ; y 2  4 (1  x ) .
1- The vertex of (P ) is the point S (1 ; 0 ) .
Drawing (P ) .

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2- The abscissa of the point A of (P ) with ordinate a such that a  0 is equal to 1  a 2 then A(1  a 2 ; 2a ) .
Similarly , B(1  b 2 ; 2b ) .
a) SA (  a 2 ; 2a ) and SB (  b 2 ; 2b ) .
(SA) and (SB ) are perpendicular if and only if SA . SB  0 ; that is a 2 b 2  4ab  0 ; ab (ab  4 )  0
4
where ab  0 then ab  4  0 and b   .
a
b) The point I is such that OI   3 OS then I (  3 ; 0 ) .
4  a 2 2a 4
det ( IA ; IB )   8b  2a 2 b  8a  2ab 2 with b   then
4  b 2 2b a
32 32
det ( IA ; IB )    8a  8a   0.
a a
Therefore , as a varies in IR  , A , B and I are collinear then (AB) passes I .

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y
(P )

K A
2
H

5 x
J I O S
L
-2

Figure 12

c) Let H be the orthogonal projection of S on (AB ) .


The angle SHI is right with S and I are fixed then H varies on the circle ( ) of diameter [SI ] .
The symmetric of S with respect to (AB ) is the point K such that SK  2 SH then K is the image
of H by the dilation h ( S ; 2 ) . Therefore K varies on the circle ( ' )  h ( ) with diameter [SJ ] .
where J  h(I ) ; J (  7 ; 0 ) .
1
d) The equation y 2  4  4 x gives 2 y y '   4 then the slope of the tangent to (P ) at A is equal to  .
a
1 1
An equation of the tangent (d1 ) to (P ) at A is y   ( x  1  a 2 )  2a ; y   ( x  1  a 2 ) .
a a
1
Similarly , an equation of the tangent (d 2 ) to (P ) at B is y   ( x  1  b 2 ) .
b
The abscissa of the point of intersection L of (d1 ) and (d 2 ) is the solution of the equation

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1 1
( x  1  a 2 )  ( x  1  b 2 ) ; b ( x  1  a 2 )  a ( x  1  b 2 ) ; (a  b ) x  a  b  a b 2  a b 2 ; x  1  a b  5 .
a b
As a varies in IR  , the point L that has a constant abscissa varies of the straight line of equation x  5 .

Exercise 4

1- ▪ It is given that , if he hits the target at a certain throw , the probability that he hits it at the next
throw is equal to 0.4 ; therefore p ( An 1 / An )  0.4 .
▪ If he misses the target at a certain throw , the probability that he misses it at the next throw is equal
to 0.8 ; therefore p ( Bn 1 / Bn )  0.8 .
Hence p ( An 1 / Bn )  p ( Bn 1 / Bn )  1  p ( Bn 1 / Bn )  0.2 .
2- For all n  1 , pn 1  p( A n 1 )  p( A n 1  An )  p ( A n 1  Bn ) .
 p( An )  p( A n 1 / An )  p( Bn )  p( A n 1 / Bn )
 0.4 p n  (1  p n )  0.2  0.2 p n  0.2  0.2 (1  p n ) .
3- The sequence ( Vn ) is defined , for all n  1 , by Vn  p n  0.25 .
a) Vn 1  pn 1  0.25  0.2 pn  0.2  0.25  0.2 pn  0.05  0.2  pn  0.25  0.2Vn . Therefore ( Vn ) is
a geometric sequence whose common ratio is r  0.2 and first tem V1  p1  0.25  0.5  0.25  0.25 .
b) Vn  V1  r n 1  0.25  0.2 n 1 and pn  0.25  0.2 n 1  0.25 .
Since 0  0.2  1 , lim 0.2  0 ; therefore lim pn  0.25 .
n 1
n   n  
4- The required probability is
p( B1  A2 ) p ( B1 )  p( A2 / B1 ) 0.5  0.2 0.5 0.5 1
p( B1 / A2 )       .
p( A2 ) p2 0.2 p1  0.2 p1  1 0.5  1 3

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(d )
A'
Exercise 5

S is the similitude of center C such that S ( F )  J .

1- a) ▪ S ( F )  J then S [CF ]  [CJ ] .
A
( ' )
D is the mid point of [CF ] then S (D ) is the
mid point I of [CJ ] .
▪ Let S ( A )  A ' . J
The triangle ABC is equilateral and (BF ) is a F
E
height in this triangle ; therefore F is the mid
point of [CA ] . G I
S (C )  C , S ( F )  J , S ( A )  A ' . D
A is the symmetric of C with respect to F then
A ' is the symmetric of C with respect to J .
B C
O

( )
Figure 16
S ( F )  J and
   
( CF ; CJ )  ( CB ; CJ )  ( CB ; CF )     (2 ) then  is an angle of S .
2 3 6 6
CJ 1 2 2 
The ratio of S is   . S  S (C ; ; ).
CF  3 3 6
cos
6
 CA 1 2
b) ▪ In the triangle CEA we have ( CE ; CA )   (2 ) and   , then S ( E )  A .
6 CE  3
cos
6
 CG 1 2
▪ In the triangle COG we have ( CO ; CG )   (2 ) and   , then S (O )  G .
6 CO  3
cos
6
2- The circle ( ' ) is the image of the circle ( ) by S .
a) ( ) is the circle of center O passing though E then its image ( ' ) is the circle of center G  S (O )
passing through A  S (E ) . Hence , ( ' ) is the circle circumscribed about the triangle ABC .
b) F belongs to ( ) and S ( F )  J then J belongs to ( ' ) . Drawing ( ' )

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c) The radius of the circle ( ) is OC  1 then the radius of the circle ( ' ) which is S ( )  , is equal
2
2  2  4
to then its area is      units of area .
3  3 3

Exercise 6

A- ( E ) : xy ' (1  x ) y  x  0 where y is a function defined on IR   0  .

1- If z  x y  x then z '  y  x y '1 and z '  z  ( y  x y '1)  ( x y  x )  xy ' (1  x ) y  x  1  1 .
Therefore z is the general solution of the differential equation ( I ) : z '  z  1 .
2- The general solution of the reduced equation z '  z  0 is z  C e x .
The general solution of the equation ( I ) is z  C e x  1 .
xz x 1 C ex
The general solution of the equation ( E ) is y  ; that is y  .
x x
3- lim ( x  1  C e x )  1  C .
x 0
If C  1 then , lim y    .
x 0

1ex
If C  1 then , lim y  lim 0 .
x0 x0 1
x 1ex
The particular solution of the equation (1) that has a finite limit at 0 is y  .
x
 x 1 ex
 f ( x)  if x  0
B- The function f defined on IR by  x .
 f (0)  0

1- The function g is defined on IR by g ( x)  x  e x .
g (0 )  1 ; g ' ( x)  1  e x then g ' (0 )  0 .
x 1 ex g ( x )  g (0 )
lim  lim  g ' (0 )  0 .
x 0 x x 0 x0
x 1 ex
lim f ( x)  lim  0  f (0 ) ; therefore f is continuous at 0 .
x 0 x 0 x
1 1
2- Given that , for all x  0 ,  x 2  x  f ( x )   x .
2 2
1 f (x ) 1 1 1 f (x ) 1
▪ For all x  0 ,     x  with lim ( x  )   then lim  .
2 x 2 x 0  2 2 x 0  x 2

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1 f (x ) 1 1 1 f (x ) 1
▪ For all x  0 ,  x     with lim ( x  )   then lim  .
2 x 2 x 0  2 2 x 0  x 2
f ( x )  f (0 ) f ( x )  f (0 ) 1 1
lim  lim   which is finite then f is differentiable at 0 and f ' (0 )   .
x 0  x0 x 0  x0 2 2
1
An equation the tangent ( ) to (C ) at the origin is y   x .
2

3- The function h is defined on IR by h ( x)  (1  x ) e x . 

x 0 
lim h( x)  lim (e x  x e x )  0 and lim h( x)    
x   x   x   h '(x ) + 0
h ' ( x)   x e .
x
1
h(x )
Table of variations of h 0 
The table of variations of h shows that h(0 )  1 Figure 10

is the absolute maximum of h and then , for all x in IR   0  , h( x )  1 .

x 1 ex (1  x) e x  1 h( x )  1
4- a) For x in IR   0  , f ( x)  then f ' ( x)   .
x x2 x2
 1 ex 
lim f ( x)  lim 1     1 .
x x
 x x 
x  
 1 ex  _
lim f ( x)  lim 1       f '(x )
x x
 x x 
h( x )  1 f (x ) 1
For x in IR   0  , f ' ( x)   0 since h( x )  1 . 
x2 Figure 11
Table of variations of f .
c) lim g ( x)  1 then the straight line (d ) is asymptote to (C ) at   .
x 

f (x ) x 1 ex  1 1 ex  ex
lim  lim  lim        since lim   .
x   x   x2 x    x 2 2  x   x 2
x  x x 
Therefore (C ) has at   an asymptotic direction parallel to the axis of ordinates .
Drawing (d ) , ( ) and (C ) . ( Unit : 2 cm )

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(d ) 1

O x

( )

(C )

Figure 12

Faculty of Engineering – Lebanese University

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