Transformations
2000 Exam 1 Question 2
The graph whose equation is 𝑦 = √⎯⎯𝑥 is reflected in the 𝑥-axis and then translated 2 units to the right
and 1 unit down. The equation of the new graph is
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
A. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2) + 1 B. 𝑦 = − (𝑥 − 2) − 1 C. 𝑦 = − (𝑥 + 2) + 1
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
D. 𝑦 = − (𝑥 − 2) + 1 E. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1) + 2
2002 Exam 1 Question 6
Part of the graph of the function with rule 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is shown
below. Which one of the following is most likely to be the
corresponding part of the graph of the function with rule
𝑦 = 𝑓(−𝑥)?
2002 Exam 1 Question 5
1
The graph of the function with rule 𝑦 = ⎯⎯is transformed as follows:
𝑥
1
a dilation by a factor of ⎯⎯from the 𝑦-axis
2
a reflection in the 𝑦-axis
a translation of +3 units parallel to the 𝑥-axis
a translation of +1 unit parallel to the 𝑦-axis.
a. Write down the equation of the rule of the transformed function. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Hence state the domain and range of the transformed function. 2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2003 Exam 1 Question 5
The graph of the function 𝑓 is obtained from the graph of the function with equation 𝑦 = √⎯⎯ 𝑥 by a
reflection in the 𝑦-axis followed by a dilation of 2 units from the 𝑥-axis. The rule for 𝑓 is
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = −2√⎯⎯ 𝑥 B. 𝑓(𝑥) = √−2𝑥⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯
C. 𝑓(𝑥) = √−0.5𝑥 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = −0.5√𝑥 E. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2√−𝑥
⎯⎯⎯
2004 Exam 1 Question 2
a. The graph of 𝑔 is obtained from the graph of the function 𝑓 with rule 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 by a translation by
+ 3 units parallel to the 𝑥-axis. Write down the rule for 𝑔. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. The graph of ℎ is obtained from the graph of 𝑔 by a translation by −1 unit parallel to the 𝑦-axis.
Write down the rule for ℎ. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. The graph of 𝑘 is obtained from the graph of ℎ by a dilation by a scale factor of 0.5 from the 𝑦-axis.
Write down the rule for 𝑘. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2006 Sample Exam 2 Question 1/ 2004 Exam 2 Question 1
Consider the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 2) + 1.
5 23
The coordinates of the turning points of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) are (1, 1) and − ⎯⎯, ⎯⎯⎯ .
3 27
The rule of the function 𝑓 can also be written as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 1.
The area of the region bounded by the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 1 and the 𝑥-axis is 0.083 square units.
e. i. Describe a sequence of transformations which maps the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) on to the graph of
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑓 ⎯⎯ − 1. 2 marks
2
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
𝑥
𝐢𝐢. Find the 𝑥-axis intercepts of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 ⎯⎯ − 1. 1 mark
2
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
𝑥
𝐢𝐢𝐢. Hence, write down the area of the region bounded by the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 ⎯⎯ − 1 and the 𝑥-axis,
2
correct to two decimal places. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
f. Find the real values of ℎ for which only one of the solutions of the equation 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = 1 is positive.
2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2005 Exam 1 Question 15
The graph of the function with rule 𝑦 = 𝑥 is transformed as follows
The graph of the function with rule 𝑦 = 𝑥 is transformed as follows
• a translation of −2 units parallel to the 𝑥-axis
and then
1
• a dilation by a factor of ⎯⎯from the 𝑦-axis
2
The rule of the function corresponding to the transformed graph is
1 B. 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥 D. 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 2) E. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 2)
𝐀. 𝑦 = ⎯⎯(𝑥 − 2) 𝐂. 𝑦 = ⎯⎯+ 2
2 2
2006 Exam 2 Question 1
The graph with equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 is translated 3 units down and 2 units to the right.
The resulting graph has equation
A. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3) + 2 B. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2) + 3 C. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2) − 3
D. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2) − 3 E. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2) + 3
2009 Exam 2 Question 9
The tangent at the point (1, 5) on the graph of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) has equation 𝑦 = 3 + 2𝑥.
The tangent at the point (3, 8) on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) + 3 has equation
A. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 4 B. 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 5 C. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 + 14 D. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4 E. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2
2009 Exam 2 Question 19
The graph of a function 𝑓, with domain 𝑅, is as shown.
The graph which best represents 1 − 𝑓(2𝑥) is
2012 Exam 1 Question 5
b. i. Find the coordinates of the image of the point (3, 2) under a reflection in the 𝑥-axis, followed by a
translation of 5 units in the positive direction of the 𝑥-axis. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2016 Sample Exam 2 Question 1 / 2014 Exam 2 Question 1
The point 𝑃 4, −3 lies on the graph of a function 𝑓. The graph of 𝑓 is translated four units vertically
The point 𝑃(4, −3) lies on the graph of a function 𝑓. The graph of 𝑓 is translated four units vertically
up and then reflected in the 𝑦-axis. The coordinates of the final image of 𝑃 are
A. (−4, 1) B. (−4, 3) C. (0, −3) D. (4, −6) E. (−4, −1)
2016 Sample Exam 2 Question 5 / 2014 Exam 2 Question 5
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3) and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 8𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 1) + 3 .
b. Describe the translation that maps the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) onto the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥). 2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Find the values of 𝑑 such that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑑) has
i. one positive 𝑥-axis intercept 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ii. two positive 𝑥-axis intercepts. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2015 Exam 2 Question 11
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
The transformation that maps the graph of 𝑦 = √8𝑥 + 1 onto the graph of 𝑦 = √𝑥 + 1 is a
𝐀. dilation by a factor of 2 from the 𝑦-axis. 𝐁. dilation by a factor of 2 from the 𝑥-axis.
1 𝐃. dilation by a factor of 8 from the 𝑦-axis.
𝐂. dilation by a factor of ⎯⎯from the 𝑥-axis.
2
1
𝐄. dilation by a factor of ⎯⎯from the 𝑦-axis.
2
2015 Exam 2 Question 20
If 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3, then 𝑓(𝑥) is equal to
A. 𝑥 − 2 B. 𝑥 + 2 C. 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 D. 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4 E. 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 6
2016 Exam 2 Question 12
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
The graph of a function 𝑓 is obtained from the graph of the function 𝑔 with rule 𝑔(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 5
reflection in the 𝑥-axis followed by a dilation from the 𝑦-axis by a factor of ⎯
Which one of the following is the rule for the function 𝑓?
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
A. 𝑓(𝑥) = √5 − 4𝑥 B. 𝑓(𝑥) = −√𝑥 − 5 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 5
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
D. 𝑓(𝑥) = −√4𝑥 − 5 E. 𝑓(𝑥) = −√4𝑥 − 10
2017 NHT Exam 2 Question 4
The graph of the function 𝑓: 0, ∞ → 𝑅, where 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 , reflected in the 𝑥-axis and then
The graph of the function 𝑓: [0, ∞) → 𝑅, where 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 ⎯⎯, reflected in the 𝑥-axis and then
translated five units to the right and six units vertically down. Which one of the following is the rule of
the transformed graph?
A. 𝑦 = 4(𝑥 − 5)⎯⎯+ 6 B. 𝑦 = −4(𝑥 + 5)⎯⎯− 6 C. 𝑦 = −4(𝑥 + 5)⎯⎯+ 6
D. 𝑦 = −4(𝑥 − 5)⎯⎯− 6 E. 𝑦 = 4(𝑥 − 5)⎯⎯+ 1
2018 Exam 2 Question 4
The point 𝐴(3, 2) lies on the graph of the function 𝑓. A transformation maps the graph of 𝑓 to the
1
graph of 𝑔, where 𝑔(𝑥) = ⎯⎯𝑓(𝑥 − 1). The same transformation maps the point 𝐴 to the point 𝑃.
2
The coordinates of the point 𝑃 are
A. (2, 1) B. (2, 4) C. (4, 1) D. (4, 2) E. (4, 4)
2018 Exam 2 Question 1
Consider the quartic
𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 12𝑥 and
part of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) below.
The coordinates of the point 𝑀, at which
the minimum value of the function 𝑓
occurs are (−2, −32).
b. State the values of 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 for which the
graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑏 has no 𝑥-
intercepts. 1 mark
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2019 NHT Exam 2 Question 1
Parts of the graphs of
Parts of the graphs of
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 2) and
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 2) are shown on the
axes below.
The two graphs intersect at three points,
(−2, 0), (1, 0) and (𝑐, 𝑑).
The point (𝑐, 𝑑) is not shown in the diagram
above.
e. Find the values of ℎ such that 𝑔(𝑥 + ℎ) = 0 has exactly one negative solution. 2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
f. Find the values of 𝑘 such that 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑘 = 0 has no solutions. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2019 Exam 2 Question 13
The graph of the function 𝑓 passes through the point (−2, 7).
𝑥
If ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓 ⎯⎯ + 5, then the graph of the function ℎ must pass through the point
2
A. (−1, −12) B. (−1, 19) C. (−4, 12) D. (−4, −14) E. (3, 3.5)
2020 Exam 2 Question 1
1
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = ⎯⎯(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 2) .
4
1
Let ℎ: 𝑅 → 𝑅, ℎ(𝑥) = − ⎯⎯(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 2) + 2.
4
Parts of the graphs of 𝑓 and ℎ are shown below.
d. Write a sequence of two transformations that map the
graph of 𝑓 onto the graph of ℎ. 1 mark
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2021 Exam 1 Question 5
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔 𝑥 = 4 𝑥 − 1 − 4.
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔(𝑥) = 4(𝑥 − 1) − 4.
The graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔 have a common horizontal axis intercept at (2, 0).
The coordinates of the other horizontal axis intercept of the graph of 𝑔 are (0, 0).
b. Let the graph of h be a transformation of the graph of 𝑓 where the transformations have been
applied in the following order:
1
• dilation by a factor of ⎯⎯ from the vertical axis (parallel to the horizontal axis)
2
• translation by two units to the right (in the direction of the positive horizontal axis)
State the rule of ℎ and the coordinates of the horizontal axis intercepts of the graph of ℎ. 2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2022 NHT Exam 2 Question 2
Sally is using graph sketching software to design
the landscape of the four hills shown in Figure 1
below. She starts by using the square root
functions ℎ, ℎ and ℎ to model the shapes of
three of the four hills, as shown in Figure 2
below.
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Figure 1 Figure 2
The rule for the function ℎ is ℎ(𝑥) = √2 − 𝑥.
a. ii. The rule for the function ℎ is obtained by reflecting the graph of ℎ in the vertical axis.
State the rule for the function ℎ . 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
b. The rule for the function ℎ is ℎ (𝑥) = 2√3 − 𝑥 .
i. Write a sequence of two transformations that map the graph of ℎ onto the graph of ℎ . 1 mark
• _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2023 NHT Exam 1 Question 6
2
Consider the function 𝑓, where 𝑓: 𝐷 →, 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯, where 𝐷 is the maximal domain of 𝑓.
𝑥−1
1
𝐜. Let 𝑔: 𝑅 ∖ {0} → 𝑅, 𝑔(𝑥) = ⎯⎯. Determine the rule of the function ℎ such that the graph of
𝑥
𝑦 = ℎ 𝑔(𝑥 − 1) is identical to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). 2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2023 NHT Exam 2 Question 20
2023 NHT Exam 2 Question 20
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 −2(𝑥 + 1) is shown below.
If all axes are to the same scale as the graph above,
the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is best represented by
2023 NHT Exam 2 Question 1
2023 NHT Exam 2 Question 1
Let 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2) − 1.
a. Express the rule for 𝑔 in the form 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. The function 𝑔 can also be written in the form 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑝)(𝑥 − 𝑞), where 𝑝, 𝑞 ∈ 𝑍.
Give the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞. 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Find the value of k for which the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑘 passes through the origin. 2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Using algebra, find the value(s) of 𝑑 such that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥 − 𝑑) will pass through the
origin. 2 marks
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
e. Describe the transformation from the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) to the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(3𝑥). 1 mark
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________