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Concepts of Climate Overview

The document outlines the concept of climate, defining it as the average weather conditions over a long period. It discusses elements influencing climate, types of climate, and the importance of climate in relation to human activities and natural disasters. Additionally, it highlights the impact of climate change and the distinction between weather and climate.

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emmanuelmayanja2002
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57 views2 pages

Concepts of Climate Overview

The document outlines the concept of climate, defining it as the average weather conditions over a long period. It discusses elements influencing climate, types of climate, and the importance of climate in relation to human activities and natural disasters. Additionally, it highlights the impact of climate change and the distinction between weather and climate.

Uploaded by

emmanuelmayanja2002
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Geography Notes: Concepts of Climate (S.

2 CBC)

1. Definition of Climate

Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a place recorded over a long period of time

(usually 30 years or more).

2. Elements of Climate

a) Temperature - Measures how hot or cold the atmosphere is.

b) Rainfall - Water falling from the atmosphere (rain, snow, hail).

c) Humidity - Amount of water vapour in the air.

d) Wind - Air movement from high to low pressure.

e) Sunshine - Amount of sunlight a place receives.

f) Air Pressure - Weight of air pressing down, measured with a barometer.

3. Factors Influencing Climate

a) Latitude - Distance from the equator affects temperature.

b) Altitude - Higher places are cooler.

c) Distance from the sea - Coastal areas have moderate climates.

d) Ocean currents - Warm or cold water currents affect rainfall.

e) Wind and air masses - Influence temperature and rainfall.

f) Vegetation - Forests affect temperature and rainfall.

4. Types of Climate

a) Equatorial - Hot and wet all year (e.g., parts of Uganda).

b) Tropical - Hot with wet and dry seasons.

c) Desert - Very hot and dry.

d) Mediterranean - Wet winters, dry summers.

e) Mountain - Cooler with increased rainfall at high altitudes.

5. Importance of Climate
- Influences agriculture, settlement, health, tourism, and transport.

6. Climate Change

- Long-term changes in climate patterns due to human activity like deforestation and pollution.

Effects include drought, floods, and changing rainfall.

7. Weather vs Climate

- Weather is short-term (daily), climate is long-term average conditions.

8. Climatic Zones of the World

a) Tropical - Hot and humid (e.g., Uganda).

b) Temperate - Moderate, four seasons (e.g., USA).

c) Polar - Cold all year (e.g., Antarctica).

9. Effects of Climate on Human Activities

- Affects farming, housing, clothing, economy, and transport.

10. Climate and Natural Disasters

- Can cause droughts, floods, landslides, and cyclones.

11. Adaptation to Climate

- Humans and animals adjust lifestyles (e.g., camels store water, nomads move for pasture).

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