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Signal and System Properties Explained

The document outlines key concepts in signal and system analysis, including transformations such as time shifting, scaling, and reversing, as well as amplitude scaling and shifting. It discusses properties of signals, including symmetry, decomposition, and types of signals like right-sided and left-sided. Additionally, it covers elementary signals, system classifications, and characteristics such as causality, linearity, and stability.

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yomna.elhamouly
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11 views11 pages

Signal and System Properties Explained

The document outlines key concepts in signal and system analysis, including transformations such as time shifting, scaling, and reversing, as well as amplitude scaling and shifting. It discusses properties of signals, including symmetry, decomposition, and types of signals like right-sided and left-sided. Additionally, it covers elementary signals, system classifications, and characteristics such as causality, linearity, and stability.

Uploaded by

yomna.elhamouly
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Signal and system

T shift T scale T reverse


Y(t)=x(t+b) Y(t)=x(at) Y(t)=x(-t)

+b--> left \a\ >1 --> compresion ‫تنعكسحول الصادات‬

-b-->right \a\ <1 --> expansion

\a\ =1 -->neither

Amp scale Amp shift


Y(t)=a x(t) Y(t)=x(t)+b

A>1 exp +b-->up

A<1 comp -b-->down

T reverse-->T shift-->T scale --> Amp scale --> Amp shift


Properties of signal
1- Symmetry:

E+E=E O+O=O E+O=neither

E.E=E O.O=E O.E=O

2- Decomposition

X(t) = Xe(t)+Xo(t)

Xe(t)=1/2[x(t)+x(-t)]
Xo(t)=1/2[x(t)-x(-t)]

3- sum of periodic func

W=2π/ ‫اللي جنب ال‬t ratio-->periodic

4- Right sided signal

X(t)=0 t<to

Cuasal -->x(t)=0 t<0

5- Left sided signal

X(t)=0 t>to

antiCuasal -->x(t)=0 t<0

6- finite-duration -->‫محددة‬

&two sided--> ‫مش محددة‬

7- Bounded signal

|x(t)| <= A --->t x(t) finite

8- Energy

E is finite

9- Power
0<p<∞​

Elementary signals:

Real sinusoids Complex Exp Complex General Unit step func

sinudoids complex exp

CT CT CT

X(t)=Acos(wt+Ɵ) X(t)=A e^(ƛT) X(t)=Ae^(jwT)= X(t)=A e^(ƛT)

A-->Amp A-->complex |a|.e^(j(wt+Ɵ))=


const [A&
W-->angular f |a|cos(wt+Ɵ)+
phase]
Ɵ--> phase |a|[Link](wt+Ɵ)
ƛ-->CC

,[grow,decay&f A-->complex,
] w->real

T=2π/|w| A=|a|e^(j.Ɵ) A=|a|e^(j.Ɵ) Real--> If shifted-->

F=1/T=|w|/2π A-- T=2π/|w| |a|.e^(ϭt).


>Magnitude ,
F=1/T=|w|/2π cos(wt+Ɵ)
Ɵ-->phase
Imagine-->
ƛ=ϭ+jw
|a|.e^(ϭt).
Ϭ-->real,
sin(wt+Ɵ)
w-->imagine
Ɵ=0-->start from ƛ>0 ->increase Ϭ=0 ->pure T<0-->u(t)=0
max A
ƛ<0 ->decrese Ϭ<0 -->
T=0 -->u(t)=1
Ɵ=π/2 -->start
ƛ=0 ->constant Growing
from 0 or [0,1/2]
Ϭ-->
T>0 -->u(t)=1
Dcaying
Signum rectangular Triangular Cardinal

Sgn(t)

Sinc(t)=

Sin(t)/t

odd Even Even Even

Sgn(t)=t/|t| T=+-(1/2)--> Sinc(0)=1

Value ! important

sinc(t)=π

b=- infinite

A=infinite
Unit impulse func Lim rectangular func Rectangular using unit

step

(t)=0 t!=0

Width-->
! func--
Height-->1/
>generalized
If( =0) width,H infinite

func. Area const

Equivalence--> Rectangle between

[a,b]

Shifting-->

Even

Scale --

>
If(shifted,scale) --

>
System

Series/cascade:
Paralel:

1-Causal Non-cousal

[present,past] [future]

2-Time invariant variant

Y(t+- to)=T{X(t+- to)}

3-linear non-lenear

A) Additive y(t)=Y1(t)+Y2(t)=T{x1(t)+x2(t)}

B) Scalable ay(t)=Ay1(t)+ay2(t)=T{ax1(t)+bx2(t)}

C) Then linear if
a y(t)=aY1(t)+bY2(t)=T{ax1(t)+bx2(t)}

4-Memory Memory less

Present past/future

5-Invertible

One to One mapping

6-stable non-stable

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