1.Describe the primary functions and features of a router.
Answer: The primary functions of a router:
● Determine the best path to send packets
● Forward packets toward their destination
2.Configure basic settings on a router to route between two
directly-connected networks, using CLI. explain with topology
Answer: Step-by-Step Router Configuration Using CLI:
[Link] Router CLI:
○ Connect to the router using a console cable or SSH.
Enter privileged EXEC mode:
Router> enable
○
2. Enter Global Configuration Mode:
Router# configure terminal
3. Set Router Hostname (Optional):
Router(config)# hostname R1
4. Configure Interfaces with IP Addresses:
GigabitEthernet0/0 (for [Link]/24 network):
R1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/0
R1(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
○
GigabitEthernet0/1 (for [Link]/24 network):
R1(config)# interface GigabitEthernet0/1
R1(config-if)# ip address [Link] [Link]
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
5. Verify Interface Status:
R1# show ip interface brief
Ensure both interfaces show “up” and “up” in status.
6. Set Default Gateways on PCs:
○ PC1: Default gateway → [Link]
○ PC2: Default gateway → [Link]
7. Test Connectivity:
From PC1, ping PC2:
ping [Link]
From PC2, ping PC1:
ping [Link]
8. Verify Router Configuration:
View routing table:
R1# show ip route
○ Verify interface details:
R1# show running-config
[PC1] [PC2]
[Link] [Link]
| |
[Link]/24 [Link]/24
| |
[Gig0/0] [Gig0/1]
Router (R1)
3. Describe the path determination functions of a router.
Answer: The routing table search results in one of three path determinations:
Directly connected network—
If the destination IP address of
the packet belongs to a device on a network that is directly connected to
one of the interfaces of the router, that packet is forwarded directly to
the destination device. This means that the destination IP address of the
packet is a host address on the same network as the interface of the
router.
Remote network—
If the destination IP address of the packet belongs to a remote network, then the packet is
forwarded to another router. Remote networks can only be reached by forwarding packets
to another router.
No route determined—
If the destination IP address of the packet does not belong to either a connected or a
remote network, the router determines if there is a Gateway of Last Resort available. A
Gateway of Last Resort is set when a default route is configured or learned on a router. If
there is a default route, the packet is forwarded to the Gateway of Last Resort. If the
router does not have a default route, then the packet is discarded.
4. Three Major steps of router.
Answer: The router performs the following three major steps:
Step 1. De-encapsulates the Layer 2 frame header and trailer to expose the Layer 3 packet.
Step 2. Examines the destination IP address of the IP packet to find the best path in the
routing table.
Step 3. If the router finds a path to the destination, it encapsulates the Layer 3 packet into a
new Layer 2 frame and forwards the frame out the exit interface.