AL-nasri Model Institute Of Languages & Scientific Subjects.

Chapter one
Whole Numbers
Addition (
To add two or more numbers, write the numbers one under the other.
Line up the ones, the tens, the hundreds and so on, and then add them
from the right direction.
Examples a) 87+12 b) 61+3 c) 37+56+09
Solution

b)

99 64 102

Exercise
1. 13+52
2. 7894+12
3. 1245+321+12
4. 52+2+90+784
5. 85649+12364+13
6. 893+450+391+61+5
7. 878+78912+75497789
8. 45678+4587+98765+4612
9. 12387+126123+7813+387+254
10. 8+80+800+8000+80000+80000+8000000

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Subtraction (-)
To subtract two number, write one under the other. Line up the
ones, the tens, the hundreds and so on, and then subtract them from
the right direction
Examples
Subtract: a) 36-24 b) 852-45 70003-506
Solution
- -
12 807 69497

Exercise:
1. 795 - 283
2. 587 - 120
3. 740 - 670
4. 89300 - 567
5. 79040 - 5688
6. 90300 - 45670
7. 100000 - 5609
8. 389306 - 50670
9. 89300 - 67111
10.9300000 - 567543
11.25025 - 20025

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Multiplication Table
1 0=0 2 0=0 3 0=0 4 0=0 5 0=0
1x1=1 2x1=2 3x1=3 4x1=4 5x1=5
1x2=2 2x2=4 3x2=6 4x2=8 5x2=10
1x3=3 2x3=6 3x3=9 4x3=12 5x3=15
1x4=4 2x4=8 3x4=12 4x4=16 5x4=20
1x5=5 2x5=10 3x5=15 4x5=20 5x5=25
1x6=6 2x6=12 3x6=18 4x6=24 5x6=30
1x7=7 2x7=14 3x7=21 4x7=28 5x7=35
1x8=8 2x8=16 3x8=24 4x8=32 5x8=40
1x9=9 2x9=18 3x9=27 4x9=36 5x9=45
1x10=10 2x10=20 3x10=30 4x10=40 5x10=50

6 0=0 7 0=0 8 0=0 9 0=0 10 0=0

6x1=6 7x1=7 8x1=8 9x1=9 10x1=10
6x2=12 7x2=14 8x2=16 9x2=18 10x2=20
6x3=18 7x3=21 8x3=24 9x3=27 10x3=30
6x4=24 7x4=28 8x4=32 9x4=36 10x4=40
6x5=30 7x5=35 8x5=40 9x5=45 10x5=50
6x6=36 7x6=42 8x6=48 9x6=54 10x6=60
6x7=42 7x7=49 8x7=56 9x7=63 10x7=70
6x8=48 7x8=56 8x8=64 9x8=72 10x8=80
6x9=54 7x9=63 8x9=72 9x9=81 10x9=90
6x10=60 7x10=70 8x10=80 9x10=90 10x10=100

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Examples a) b) c)

3808 330 10962

220 7308
4408 3654
449442

Exercise:
1) 2) 3) 4)

5) 6) 7) 8)

9) 10) 11) 12)

13) 14) 15) 16)

17) 18) 19) 20)

21) 22) 23) 24))

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25) 26) 27) 28

29) 30) 31) 32))

33) 34) 35) 38)

Division of whole number

Example1
5 6 13 51
a) √ b) √ c) √ d) √
25 18 5 35
00 00 17 10
15 7
2 3

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Divide

27 28 42 18 45
24 25 24 32 20
30 5 49 0 35
42 63 81 = 16 36
40 72 54 14 56

Exercise:
1) √ 2) √ 3) √ 4) √

√ 6) √ 7) √ 0 8) √

√ 10) √ 11) √ 0 12) √

√ 14) √ 15) √ 0 16) √

√ 18) √ 19) √ 20) √

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Example2
30 5

a) √ b) √
36 4550
06 413

Exercise
√ √ √ √

5) √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √

13) √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √

21) √ √ √ √

√ √ √

√ √ √

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Chapter Two
Decimals
Additions & subtractions
Additions of decimals
Adding and subtracting of decimals is similar to adding and subtracting
with whole numbers.

Example1
a) 3.21+4.5 b) 9.369+51.01

Solutions
a) 3.21 b) 9.369
+ 4.5 + 51.01
7.71 60.379
Exercise

 48.65+23.12
 1.421+21.14
 7.87+5.87+3
 4.52+3.54+3
 5.93+12.413
 74.3+3.40+34
 65.89+76.4+23
 713.4+13.13+45.1
 233+34.56+90+3.554
 16.709+8.951+3.463+6.9
 4.93+43.41+26.65+7+32.541

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Subtraction of decimals
Example2:
a) 16.07-5.127
b) 16.070
5.127

Solution: 10.943

Exercises:

1) 48.65 - 23.27 2) 5.93 - 2.41 3) 70.4 - 24.053

4) 713.4 - 403.739 5) 234 - 34.056 6) 0.089 - 0.87

7) 36.7-7.899 8) 0.602 - 0.0999 9) 21.56 - 9

10) 7689 - 876.0989 11) 1 - 0.2987 12) 2 - 0.8897

13) 62.42 – 21.32 14) 6 – 0.431 15) 51.3 – 21.51

16) 422.32- 32.32 17) 8 – 0.512 18) 23.524 – 3.42

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Multiplication & division of decimals

Example1
a) 96 0.07 b) 11.08 1.05

Solution

96 11.08
0.07 1.05
6.72 5540
0 0000
1108000
11.6340
Exercises
1) 297 8 2) 6.8 × 59 3) 90.01 × 40

4) 4321 × 0.69 5) 0.12 × 1.301 6) 59.504 × 6.548

7) 6.79 × 4.569 8) 0.62 × 5.93 9) 2.85 × 5.07

10) 6.0327 × 6.548 11) 847.12 × 5.654 12) 11.7 × 2.58

13) 345.8 × 23 14) 43.4×2321 15) 33.6×434

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Moving the decimal points

You can multiply a decimal by 10, 100, 1000 and so on to move the
decimal point to the right, or by 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 and so on to move
the decimal point to the left.

To The right

M 10-------- Moves the decimal points one digit to the right

U 100--------- Moves the decimal points two digits to the right
N 1000----- -Moves the decimal points three digits to the right
T
C 10000-----Moves the decimal points four digits to the right
I 100000--- --Moves the decimal points five digits to the right
A 1000000----- -Moves the decimal points six digits to the right

To The left
0.1---- Moves the decimal points one digit to the left
0.01---- Moves the decimal points two digits to the left
0.001----Moves the decimal points three digits to the left
0.0001---= Moves the decimal points four digits to the left
0.00001--- -Moves the decimal points five digits to the left
0.00000 Etc. --- Moves the decimal points six digits to the left

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Examples
3.6×10=36 Exercises
o 2.46×10=
5.654×100=565.4

o 0.312×100=
0.06×1000=60

o 7.2×1000=
4.87÷10=0.487

o 0.001×100=
0.9÷100=0.009

o 2.45÷10=
4÷100=0.004

o 0.2÷1000=

o 79÷1000=

o 0.2÷1000=

o 9÷1000000=

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Division of decimals by Whole numbers

Examples:
b) √
53.7

a) √ 6 70

18 = √
15 216
35 252
35 252
00 00

Exercise

1) √ 2) √ 3) √

√ 5) √ 6) √

7) √ 8) √ 2 9) √

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√ 11) √ 12) √

13) √ 14) √ 15) √

16) √ 17) √ 18) √

19) √ 20) √ 21) √

22) √ 23) √ 24) √

√ 26) √ 2 27) √

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Mas’ alooyin
 240851 oo cambe ah ayaa waxaa kasoo
laadlaadaan darjiinka cambaha ee Cali .
geedkale 92105 ayaa ka soo laad laada iyo
geedkale ayaa waxaa ka soo laadlaada 5508
oo cambe ah. Immisa cambe ayaa ka soo
laadlaada darjiinka cambaha?
 Buug ayaa qiimihiisa waxa uu yahay 985214 iyo
buug kale oo qiimihiisa yahay 97455.
Waa maxay farqiga u dhaxeeyo labada buug?
 Faarax waxa uu iibiyay 25830 oo kiish oo
qamadi ah waxa uu ku iibiyay 40687$ sidoo kale
waxa uu iibiyay 30645 oo kiish bariis ah waxa
uu ku iibiyay 35676$. waa maxay wadarta guud
ee faarax uu wax ku iibiyay?
 Cabdi waxa uu heystaa 45987 oo bataati macaan,
ciise waxa uu heystaa 8250 batati macaan oo ka
yar cabdi inta uu heysto iyo sahra waxa ay
heysataa 985 bataati macaan ah oo ka yar ciise
iyo cabdi. Waa immisa wadarta bataatiyada?
 Isku-dhufashada tiro ayaa waxa ay tahay 9825 ku
dhuf sankeedu waxa uuyahay 135.
Waa maxay maxsuulka?

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 Baaskiil ayaa qiimihiisu yahay 9825. Maxuu

noqon doonaa qiimaha 135 baaskiil?
 Sanduuq ayaa waxa uu qaadaa 500 oo baal
warqado ah. Immisa warqadood ayuu qaadi
doonaa 135 sanduuq?
 Laqeybiye ayaa ah 37920 looqeybiyahana waa
12 haraagiisa waa 0. Waa maxay looqeybiyaha?
Jwb 3160
 Laqeybiye ayaa waxa uu yahay 35792
looqeybiye waa 47,haraagiisana waa 25 waa
maxay qeyb? Jwb 761
 Waxaa jiro 355 cambo oo ku jira danbiil. Immisa
danbiil ayaa loo baahan yahay in lagu rido 25560
oo cambe ah? Jwb72
 Dukaanle ayaa waxa uu soogataa 246kg oo bur
ah waxa uu kusoo gataa qiimo dhan 11808.
Waa maxay qiimaha 1kg oo bur ah?
 Isku darka da’da aabbe iyo gabadhiisa ayaa ah
80 sano aabbaha waxa uu k aweyn yahay 4
laabka gabadhiisa. Immisa ayee jiraan?
Jwb16, 64.
 Wadarta guud ee qiimaha 6 kursi iyo 4 miis ayaa
ah 5570 qiimaha halkii kurisi waxa uu yahay
675. Waa maxay qiimaha miis? Jwb 1520

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 38 liimo-dhanaan ayaa waxa ay qiimahoodu

tahay 1216. Waa maxay qiimaha cambe?
 Sheg labo tiro haddii laysku qeybiyo kenaya 8
misana haddii lesku daro keenaysa [Link]
sheg labadas tiro?
 15 arday ayaa mid kiiba waxa uu hestaa 6000
shilin haddaba sheeg immisa shilin ayey hestaan
ardayda oo dhammi?
 Labo nambar haddii lasku dhufto keenaya 117
misana haddii la kala jaro keenaysa 4 hadaba
sheg labadas tiro
 Labo nambar haddii lasku dhufto keenaya 162
misana haddii la kala jaro keenaysa 9 hadaba
sheg labadas tiro?
 Beer ayaa ku tala 590 geed oo liin ah loo kala
saaray 10 saf immisa geed ayuu safkasta ka
kooban yahay?
 Sheg labo haddii lagu daro 8 hadanelaga jaro 5
sheg waxa soo baxayaaan?

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Roman Numbers
Roman and Arabic numbers chart

I=1 X=10 V=5 L=50 C=100 D=500 M=1000

I XI XXXI XLI LI LXI LXXI LXXXI XCI CI

1 11 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101

II XII XXXII XLII LII LXII LXXII LXXXII XCII CCXII

2 12 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 212

III XIII XXXIII XLII LIII LXIII LXXIII LXXXIII XCIII CCCLIII

3 13 33 43 53 63 73 83 93 353

IV XIV XXXIV XLIV LIV LXIV LXXIV LXXXIV XCIV

4 14 34 44 54 64 74 84 94 CDIV

404

V XV XXXV XLV LV LXV LXXV LXXXV XCV DLV

5 15 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 555

VI XVI XXXVI XLVI LVI LXVI LXXVI LXXXVI XCVI DCCCXLVI

6 16 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 846

VII XVII XXXVII XLVII LVII LXVII LXXVII LXXXVII XCVII CMXXVII

7 17 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 927

VIII XVIII XXXVIII XLVIII LVIII LXVIII LXXVIII LXXXVIII XCVIII MVIII

8 18 38 48 58 68 78 88 98 1008

IX XIX XXXIV XLIX LIX LXIX LXXIX LXXXIX XCIX MCMXCIX

9 19 39 49 59 69 79 89 99 1999

X XX XL L LX LXX LXXX XC C MMCDXX

10 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2420

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Roman numbers are still used for some Topic like numbering Chapter or parts of
book, numbers of watches, and are seen as dates on old buildings etc.

Exercises
Write these as Arabic numbers
A) XXIII B) CCL C) DCXLI D) XC E) CDLXX F)LXVII
G) MMXXIII H) DCLIII J) MCMLXXXVI
Write these as Roman Numbers:
A) 72 B) 537 C) 10 D) 400 E) 1814 F) 1 G) 100000 H) 2014
J) 2020 K) 388 L) 900
Properties of numbers
Even and odd umbers:
A number is even if it divides by two without a remainder. The numbers
2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20 and so on are even numbers.

Is 5,398,476 an even number? Yes, it is. Because any number with a last
even digit or zero is an even [Link] the other hand, a number is odd if it
has a remainder 1when divided by two. 3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21, and so on.

B) N.B. Number 1 is also an odd number where 0 is neither even nor odd.

Composite and prime number:

A number is composite if it has factors. 4, 6, 12, 15, 20, 210, etc. Are all
composite numbers because they all have factors. The factors of 4 are 2 and
2, the factors of 6 Are 2 and 3, and the factors of 210 Are 2 , 3 , 5, and 7
if a number hasn’t got a factor other than 1 itself , than it is a prime
number,

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All prime Number between 1 and 1,000

2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37 41
43 47 53 59 61 67 71 73 79 83 89 97 101
107 109 113 127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173
179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229 233 239 241
251 257 263 269 271 277 281 283 293 307 311 313 317
331 337 347 349 353 539 367 373 379 383 389 397 401
409 419 421 431 433 439 443 449 457 461 463 467 479
487 491 499 503 509 521 523 541 547 557 563 569 571
577 587 593 599 601 607 613 617 619 631 641 643 647
653 659 661 673 677 683 691 701 709 719 727 733 739
743 751 757 761 769 773 787 797 809 811 821 823 827
829 839 853 857 859 863 877 881 883 887 907 911 919
929 937 941 947 953 967 971 977 983 991 997

Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by -----
2
If the last digit is even ( 0, 2, 4 , 6, or 8 )

3 If the sum of the digits is divisible by 3

5 If the last digit it is 0 or 5

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Exercise:
Write F for false or T for true in the boxes
443 : 3
690 : 3
715 : 5
205 : 2
38 : 2
252 : 7
343 : 7
900 : 2

Factorization

Example1 a) 180 b) 216

Solution
a) b)

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Exercise

Factorize these numbers

1) 21
2) 24
3) 30
4) 80
5) 55
6) 120
7) 145
8) 210
9) 144

10) 456

HCF/GCF

Highest Common factor/ Greatest Common factor

Example2

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Exercise:

Find HCF or GCF of these numbers by factorization or continued Division

 270 and 315

 441 and 756
 40 and 60
 44 , 36 , and 66
 64 , 40 , 36 , and 54
 726 ,484 , and 396

Least Common multiple (LCM)

Example3:

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Exercise
Find the LCM of these numbers using factorization
1) 54 and 30 6) 270 and 315
2) 40 and 60 7) 400 and 630
3) 44 and 88 8) 484 , and 252
4) 54 and 120 9) 264 , and 44
5) 700 and 850 10) 945 and 252
Answers: last five
 1890
 25200
 30492
 264
 3780

Rounding Decimals

1) If the digit is less than 5 , round down

2) If the digit is 5 or more , round up

Example 1

Number Round to Round to Round to Round to

Being the nearest the nearest the nearest the nearest
rounded whole Tenth Hundredth thousandth
number
6.6532 7. 6.7 6.65 6.653

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Exercise:

Fill in the table by rounding these decimals to the nearest whole number,
tenth, hundredth or thousandth.

Round these Whol Ten Hundre Hundredt

numbers to the e th dth h
nearest numb
er
6.1054
8.9381
4.6493
22.3927
10.9464
Mathematical Symbols and Sentences

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Chapter Three
Fraction
Fraction is in the form of where b 0

A fraction where a > b is improper fraction as , .

Fraction where a < b is proper fraction as , .

A fraction which is written as the sum of an integer and a proper fraction is mixed
fraction as 2 ,3 .
Operations on fraction
Addition and subtraction
The numerators of fraction whose denominators are equal can be added or
subtracted directly.
Example1: Evaluate:

a) +

b) –
Solution

+ = =

c) - = =

NB: In the case of different denominators, you may use l. c. m of denominators.

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Exercise 1
1) - = 2) + = 3) + =

4) - = 5) - = 6) - + =

Example 2: Evaluate

a) + = =

b) - =

c) 5 + 1 = + = = = 7

d) 4 - 3 = - = =
Exercise 1:
Convert the following into improper fraction

a) 3 b) 5

C) 9 d) 1 =

e) 4 f) 2 =

g) h) 20 =

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Exercise 2:

1) = 6) 3 + 7

2) - = 7) 4 - =

3) + 8) 2 -1 =

4) - = 9) 3 - =

5) - = 10) 3 - =

11) 3 + + 1 12) 1 - + +

12) 8 - + 14) + -

Results:
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)

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Reducing Fraction

A fraction is said to be in its lowest term if both the numerator and denominator
are divided by the same number (H. C. F.)

Examples

a) = b) = c) =

Exercise 3:

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
Results:

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Multiplication

We can multiply the numerators to get the numerator of the product and multiply
the denominators to get the denominators of product

Example1: Evaluates.

a) × b) 2 × =

Solution

a) × = =

b) × = = or 2

For longer numbers, it may be easiest to first divide both the numerator and
denominator by common fraction thus process is called cancellation.

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Example2: Evaluate

4 × =
Solution: × =2

Evaluate 4:

× = 7) 3 × ×4 ×2 =

2) × = 8) × 16 × =

3) × × = 9) ×3 × =

4) × × = 10) × × × =

5) 3 ×2 11)1 × × ×2 =

6) × 12) × × =

Results: 8) [ [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

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Division:

We can see that division by two fractions, the second fraction well be

reversed and multiplication process is then used as.

Example1: Evaluate
1) ÷ =

2) ÷2

=?
÷

Solution
1) × = = or 1

2) ÷ ×

= =
÷ ×

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Exercise 5:

1) ÷ =
10)

2) =
11) 3 ÷

3) 8 = 5 ÷

12) ÷
4) 9 =

5) ÷ =
13) ( (

6) 5 ÷ = 14) ( (

15) (
7) 2 ÷ =

16) (
8) ÷1 =

Results: 11) 12? 13) 14)? 15) 16)

9) =

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Decimal fraction
Changing decimal fraction into fraction.

1) 0.75 = 2) 0.34 = = 3) 0.7 =

1) 3.4 = 5) 0.09 = 6) 0.59 =

Exercise 6:
a) 0.1325 = b) 0.315 = c) 0.522 =

Conversion of fraction into decimal:

A fraction can be converted decimal by dividing the numerator to its

denominator.

= 0.625 b) c) d) = 1.875

Exercise 7:

1) = 2) = 3) = 4) =

5) = 6) = 7) = 8)

9) 10) 11) 12)

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Fraction power

1) (2- = 2) ( = 3) (2+ ÷ (3+ =

4) ( + = 5) ( - = 6) (4 - = 7) (3+ ÷ (4+ =

Problems

2) A gardener planted 36 trees but 12 of the tress died. What fraction of the
trees died? Ans

3) 2) A boy ate of cake and his friend ate of it. What fraction of the cake

did they eat? Ans of the cake

4) A Muslim Man died and left $120000 to his daughter, wife, mother and his
uncle. Divide this inherited wealth to these four heirs knowing that the
daughter’s division in Islam is , the wife , the mother and the rest to

the uncle. (By Shiekh Hassan Haji da’uud Mudey). Answer: Daughter
$60000; wife $15000; mother $20000; and uncle $25000.
5) Ali used cups of flour to prepare of sambusa and another cups of to

make a cake. How much flour has he used altogether? Ans or 6

6) The height of the building was feet high before it was doubled. How tall

is the building now? Ans

7) Before he started the Gym, Aw Jamac was pounds. He lost

pounds since. How many pounds is he now?

Ans or

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Chapter four:
Measurement:
Measurement is divided into two parts

a. metric unit
b. imperial unit

A. metric unit can be classified into three parts:

 meter
 gram
 letter

B. imperial unit can be classified into three parts:

 yard
 foot
 inch

The unite of length is the meter (m)

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Example 1
Covert 50 hm into km

Solution

50hm 10 km

50 5 km

Exercise:

Find the equivalent of each units

1. 565cm m 2. 275mm m

3.50cm dm 4. 50km hm

5. 100dm cm 6. 0.05km m

The unit of weight is the gram (G)

Example 1:

Convert 50mg into gram

Solution:

50mg 1000 G

50

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Exercise:

Find the equivalent of each the following:

1) 50g Dg 2) 0.004hg cg

3) 3.5hg kg 4) 0.5cg dg

5) 550kg g 6) Dg

The unit of capacity is the litter (L)

Example 1:

Convert: 75 CL into liter

Solution:

75ci 100 L

75 L

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Exercise:

Find the equivalent units:

1) 2L ml 2) 0.5kl Dl

3) 100dI ml 4) 20hl kl

5) 14Dl l 6) 0.4ml cl

Addition & Subtraction of Metric units

When adding or subtracting the metric units, align the similar units then calculate.

Example1: 3 km 740 m + 8 km 420 m + 650 m

Solution: 3 km 420 m

8 km 740 m

+ 0 km 650 m
11 km 1810 m =

= 12 km 810 m or 12.81

Example2: 8 kg 340 g - 3 kg 720

Solution: 8 kg 340 g
- 3 kg 720 gs

4 kg 620 g or 4.62 kg

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Exercise:
1. 5 m 64 cm + 7 m 56 cm + 12 m 8 mm

2. 4 t 450 kg + 13 t 895 kg + 350 kg

3. 6 kg - 4 kg 850 g

4. 4 t 500 kg – 3 t 900 kg

5. 3 m – 1m 80 cm 6 mm

6. 2 lt 400 ml + 16 lt + 890 ml

7. 12,456 lt – 8,589 lt 700 ml

8. 30 km 380 m + 6km 255 m + 970 m

9. 5 t 4q 30 kg – 3 t 6 q 45 kg

10. 10 lt + 830 ml – 4 lt 200 ml

Answers:

1. 25 m 20 cm 8 mm
2. 18 t 595 kg or 18.595 t
3. 1 kg 150 g or 1.15 kg
4. 600 kg
5. 1 m 19 cm 4 mm
6. 19 lt 290 ml or 19.29 lt
7. 3,866 lt 300 ml or 3,866.3 lt
8. 37 km 605 m or 37.605 km
9. 1 t 7q 85 kg
10. 6 lt 630 ml or 6.63 lt

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Multiplication & Division of Metric Units

Measures of different units are never multiplied or divided, you to make them
similar before calculating,

Example1: 5× (12 km 320 m)

Solution: 60 km 1600 m = 61 km 600 m or 61.6 km

Example 2: 3 (8 cm 16 m) =

Solution:

24 cm 48 m

Example 3:

0 t 0 t 18 kg

860 √
0
15 × 10 = 150 q + 4q=154 q
0
154 q × 100= 15400+80 kg
= 15480 kg
860
6880
6880
0000
Ans 18 kg

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Exercises
Answers:
1) 8 × ( 4 km 690 m )
2) 40 × ( 8 lt 520 ml ) 1) 37 km 520 m Or 37.52 km
3) 15 × ( 20 kg 750 g ) 2) 340 lt 800 ml 0r 340.8 liter
4) 25 × ( 5 m 13 cm ) 3) 311 kg 250 g 0r 311,25 kg
5) 12 × ( 44 cm 32 m 12 km ) 4) 128 m 25 cm Or 128,25 m
6) ( 478 lt 700 ml ) ÷ 12 5) 528 384 m 144 km
7) ( 14t 680 kg ) ÷ 575
8) ( 23 t 13 q) ÷ 20 6) 39 m 891 ml Or 39.9891 lt
9) ( 30 km 600 m ) ÷20 7) 25 kg or 25.53 kg, R= 305
10) (15 m 64 cm 6 mm) ÷ 4 8) 1 t 2q , R= 3q

b) The imperial units:

The imperial system is a kind of English system the important basic units are
inch, foot, and yard.

Formula:

1 yard 36 inch

1 feet 12 inch

1yard 3 feet

Example 1:

Express into inch. 3yd 4ft and 5in

Solution:

3x36= 108in +

4x12= 48in +

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Example 2:

6yd 5ft 8in

Solution:

6x36= 216in+

5x12= 60in+

Complete the following table: Change all into inches:

Yd. Ft In Results

4 5 8 212inches

5 4 5 233inches

6 7 3

2 3 8

7 6 9

1 5 5

9 8 4

Addition of imperial units:

1) 3yd 5ft 4in+2yd 3ft 6in

2) 5yd 3ft 7in+1yd 5ft 9in
3) 4yd 6ft 3in+5yd 2ft 6in
4) 4yd 5ft 8in+2yd 6ft 4in+3yd 4ft 2in
5) 10yd 5ft 8in+6yd 4ft 9in+2yd 5ft 12in

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Subtraction of imperial

1. 7yd 8ft 9in - 4yd 3ft 5in

2. 9yd 12ft 15in s-7yd 9ft 8in
3. 12yd 9ft 15in - 9yd 9ft 12in
4. 11yd 6ft 9in -1yd 3ft 3in - 4yd 2ft 4in
Multiplication & Division

Example1:

(4yd 2ft 7in) × 5

= 20yd 10ft 35in

35 ÷ 12= 2ft, 11

10ft +2ft, then 12ft ÷ 3 = 4yd

20yd + 4yd =24yd oft 11in

Ans 24yd 11in

Example 2:

2yd 1ft 6in

5√
10 yd. 1ft 8in
2 × 3=6+1=7 ft
5
2 × 12= 24+8
=32in
30
R= 2in

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Exercise1:

a) ( 3yd 2ft 5in ) ×3 Ans 11yd 1ft 3in

b) ( 2yd 1ft 4in ) × 4 Ans 9yd 2ft 4in

c) ( 25yd 3 ft 6in ) × 5 Ans 130 yd. 2 ft 6in

d) ( 17 yd 9in ) × 7 Ans ? ? ?

e) ( 10 yd 4 in – 3 yd 3 ft ) Ans? ? ?

Exercise 2:

 ( 10yd 3ft 5in ) ÷ 16 Ans 2 ft 1 in , R1in

 ( 5yd 6in ) ÷ 2 Ans 2yd 1ft 9in

 ( 8yd 5ft 6in ) ÷ 6 Ans 1yd 1 ft 11in

 ( 22yd 8in ) ÷ 5 Ans 4 yd. 0ft 16in

 ( 8yd 2ft 10in + 2ft 7in ) ÷ 20 Ans?

 ( 17 yd 3 ft 17 in ) 12 Ans?

 ( 29 yd 10 ft 13 in ) 30 Ans?

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Chapter five
Basic geometric
Rectangle:

The perimeter of rectangle is the sum of lengths of its four sides

Formula p= 2(L+W) or p= 2L+2W L= -w W= -L

Example1:

Find the perimeter of rectangular carpet with 10m long 5m width?

Solution:
Given
L=10m P= 2×10m+2×5m
W=5m p= 20m+10m W P=?
P=? p= 30m
Exercise
L
a. L=5m w=4m
b. L=3.5m w=2.6m
c. L=6cm p=50 w?
d. P=80 L=10 w?
e. P=44m w=11m L?
f. W=8 g p=32 g L?
g. Find the perimeter of rectangle with 4cm length and 3cm width?
h. Find the perimeter of rectangle with 3.4m length and 2.5m width?
i. Find the perimeter of rectangle with 6cm length and 4cm width?
j. Find the perimeter of rectangle with 5.2m length and 3.5m width?

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Perimeter of square:
4 cm

Formula: PERIMATER OF
4 cm SQUARE 4 cm
1. P = S×4
2. S = 4 cm

Example1:

Find the perimeter of square with 6 m sides?

Solution:

Given

S=6m P=24m

P=S×4? S=
P=6m×4 S=

P=24m S=6m

Example2:

Find the perimeter of square with 5 m sides?

Given

S=5 m p= 5×4= 20m

P? P=S×4 S= =5m

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Exercise:
1. Calculate the perimeter of square with 4cm sides?
2. Calculate the perimeter of square with 3.5cm sides?
3. Complete the following table:

Square Perimeter
Square 2.5 cm ?
Square 6.5 m ?
Square ? 36m
Square 5.5 m ?

Square ? 64 cm
Square ? 9 cm
Square 9m ?
Square ? 25 m
Square 10 cm ?
Square ? 49m

Area of rectangle is the measure of the surface inside a geometric figure.

Formula:

A= L×W

L=

W=

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Example 1:

a) Find the area of rectangle with 5m length and 4m width?

b) Find the area of rectangle with 7m length and 3m width?

Solution

Give

L= 5m W= 4m
Area of rectangle
A= L×w? 4m
A?
A= 5m×4m
5m
A= 20

Exercise:
Find the following of area of rectangle:
Complete the following of tables:

Length Width Area of rectangle?

L= 4m w=3m A?
L=5hm W? A= 25 h
? w=20 g A= 80
L= 4m W? A=40m
L? A=30 c
W= 3 cm

L= 5 m W? A= 65
L=? W=11m A= 22
9 cm 8.5 cm A?
6.5 m 4.5 m A?
7m 5m A?

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Area of square is square of the length of one side

Formula:

A= S S= √

Example1: Find the area of square with 5cm sides?

Solution: 5cm

Given S= √ Area of
5cm 5cm
S= 5m S= √ Square
A=? S= 5cm
5cm
A= S×S

A=5cm×5cm
A=25cm2

Exercise:

1) Find the area of square with 2.5m sides?

2) Find the area of square with 6.5cm sides?

Complete the following table:
Square Square Area of square

Square 7 cm

Square 25

Square 8 cm

Square 10 cm

Square 81

Square 4 cm

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Area of triangle:

The area of triangle is obtained by the formula:

1) A = 2) b = 3) h =

Example 1:

Find the area of triangle whose height is 15m has base of 10m?

Solution:

Given
h
h= 15m b= 10m A=? Area of
triangle
A=
b
A=75
Exercise:

1. Find the area of triangle whose height is 6cm and hase base of 5cm?
2. Find the area of triangle whose height is 5.4m and has base of 4.5m?
3. Find the area of triangle whose height is 7cm and has base of 6cm?
Complete the following table:

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Area of trapezium:

A trapezium with a shorter base b, longer base B, and height h,

Formula:

A= ( h= ( a= b=

Example 1: find the area of trapezium in which parallel sides are 1.2m
and 1.8m and are 4m height:
Solution:

Given
a= 1.2m h= 4m
b= 1.8m A=?

A= (

A= (

A=

A= 6

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Exercise:
Complete these

1) a= 2.5 m 2) a= 4 cm 3) A= 20 cm

b= 3.5 m b= 5 cm a= 3 cm

h= 6.4 cm h= 8 cm b= 2m

A=? A=? H?

4) a= 1.3 cm 5) A= 55 m 6) A= 60 m

b= 1.7 cm h= 5 m h= 5 m

h= 3.4 cm a= 3 m b= 7 m

A? b? a?

7) A= 68 m 8) 28 cm 9) A= 70 m

h= 15 m a= 3 cm h= 5 m

b= 2 m b= 4 m a= 7 m

a? H? b?

Circle is the product of times radius squared.

C= circumference is the distance around the circle.

R= radius is a line segment from the center to point on the circle.

D= diameter is a line segment across the circle that passes through the center with
end point.

A= area is the quantity that express the extent of a two –dimensional figure or
shape

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Formula:

A A= R=
Diameter
R
C=2 r C= D=2r

Find the area and circumference of a circle with radius of 14 cm? (Taken )

Solution: a= c= 2

Given a= ( ) x (14c c=2( ( )

R=14cm a= ( ) x 196c c= 2(22) x2cm

a=22 x 28 c=2(44cm)

A=? a=616 c=88cm

C=?

Exercise

1. Find the area and circumference with radius of 63cm?

2. Find the area and circumference with radius of 35cm?
3. Find the diameter and circumference with radius of 7cm?
4. Find the diameter and circumference with radius of 21cm?
5. Find the area and circumference with diameter of 28cm?
6. Find the area and circumference with diameter of 42cm?
7. Find the radius and circumference with diameter of 14cm?
8. Find the radius and circumference with diameter of 48cm?

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Area of parallelogram is the four sided figure in which both pairs of opposite
sides

Formula: A= b × h b= h=

Example 1: Find the area of a parallelogram with a base of 12 cm and height of 5

cm

Solution:

a= b*h

= (12cm) * (5cm)

=60c

Example 2: find the area of parallelogram below?

Solution:

A=6m x 5m A= 6cm x7cm

A=30 A=42c

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Exercise:

Complete the following table:

Base Height Area of

parallelogram

5 cm 7 cm 35

7m 56

8 cm 48

23 cm 10 cm

5 cm 55

4 cm 20

Volume of cube and cubed:

The volume is the measure of the amount of the space inside of solid.

V= L × w ×h H= L= W=

Examples:

Find the volume of cubed with sides 3cm by 4 cm and height 17 cm?

V= L × w × h

V= 3 cm × 4 cm × 17 cm

V= 204 c

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Exercise:

1) V= 120 cm 2) L= 6m 3) V= 1792 cm

w= 5cm H? w= 5m H= 64cm W?

L= 4 cm h= 7m h= 7cm

Complete the table below:

Volume and cylinder

Volume and cylinder: is the area of its circular base, times the height h

Formula: v= H=

Example 1: find the volume of cylinder

Given solution

r= 7 cm v= (3.14) x (7cm x (4cm)

h=4cm v= (3.14) x (49cm x (4cm)

v=? v=615.44c

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Exercise:

1) r= 10 cm 2) r= 10 cm 3) r= 3.5 cm

V=4400 c V=6594 m h= 10 cm

h=? h=? v?

4) r= 5 cm 5) r= 12 m 6) h= 5 cm

h=10 cm h= 8 m v= 769.3 cm

v? v=? ?

7) r= 4 m 8) h= 10 cm 9) r= 12cm

h=2.5m V= 2009.6 cm h= 5 cm

v=? =? V?

Volume of a cone is times the radius of the base squared times height divided by

Formula: v= r=radius
h=height
s=length of slant

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Example: find the volume of cone of radius 7m and height 9m. Round to the
nearest tenth.

Solution

( ( (
V= =

( ( (
(3.14(49) (3)

= (153.86) (3) =461.58

461.6
Exercise

1) Find the volume cone of radius 5m and height 13m. round to the nearest tenth.

2) Find the volume cone of radius 6m and height 8m. round to the nearest tenth.

3) Find the volume cone of radius 5m and height 12m. round to the nearest tenth.

4) Find the volume cone of radius 7m and height 11m. round to the nearest tenth.

5) Find the volume cone of radius 4m and height 9m. round to the nearest tenth.

6) Find the volume cone of radius 8m and height 14m. round to the nearest tenth.

7) Find the volume cone of radius 14m and height 9m. round to the nearest tenth.

8) Find the volume cone of radius 3m and height 7m. round to the nearest tenth.
9) Find the volume cone of radius 9m and height 12m. round to the nearest tenth.

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Surface area of a cylinder:

Surface area of a cylinder is obtained by

Formula: at= 2 +2

Example 1: find the total area of cylinder with height 4 cm and radius of 7cm?

Solution

A= 2 x

A= 44 x 4+2 x 154

A= 176 +308

A= 484c

Exercise:

1) Calculate the area of an open cylinder with height of 2 m and 7 m radius?

2) Find the total surface area of

a) r= 3 cm h= 8cm

b) r= 3.5 cm h= 5cm

3) Find the total surface area of

a) r=14 cm h= 2cm

b) r= 7 cm h= 4m

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Chapter Six
Percent
Changing decimal into percent

Example one: changing 0.54 to percent

Solution

0.54 x 100= 54%

Exercise

Change each decimal to percent

a) 0.43= 6.4= 0.876=

b) 0.86= 0.045= 2.7=
c) 0.15= 0.52= 0.02=

Changing percent into decimal:

Example: 25%= 0.25
Exercise
Change each percent in to decimal

a) 20%= 5%= 45%= 6%=

b) 10% 1.5%= 4.6%= 30%=
c) 12% 24%= 13%= 19%=

Changing fractions to percents:

There are two way to change fraction to percent. At the following
Example carefully then choose the method you like better:

Example: a) b) c)

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Exercise:

a) = =

b) = = = = =
Finding a percent of a numbers:
To find the percent of a number first change the percent to fraction or
decimal then multiply by the 100%
Example 1: find 20% of 45
Solution:

Exercise
Solve each problem either fraction or decimals:
a. 25% of 84= 19% of 80= 60% of 75=
b. 40% of 70= 15% of 80= 50% of 48=
c. 80% of 15= 25% of 200= 90% of 80=
Finding what percent one number is of another
Example 1 Example 2
18 is what percent of 75? 20 is what is the percent of 50?
Solution solution

*100= 24% *100= 40%

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Exercise:
a. 40 is what % of 80? 50 is what % of 100?
b. 15 is what % of 20? 50 is what % of 300?
c. 5 is what % of 50? 200 is what % of 400?
d. 30 is what % of 80? 2 is what % of 40?
Finding a number when a percent is given
Changing the percent to fraction or decimal then divide the number you have
by the fraction or decimal.
Formula: percent base and rate

P= br B= R=

Example 1: 30 of what number is 21%?

( (
Solution: B= or 21 21× = 70

Exercise
I. 25 of what number is 19%?
II. 48 of what number is 240%?
III. 100 of what number is 500%?
IV. 10 of what number is 50%?
V. 45 of what number is 96%?
VI. 75 of what number is 600%?
VII. 25 of what number is 50%?
VIII. 30 of what number is 200%?
IX. 35 of what number is 600%?
X. 20 of what number is 50%?

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Profit
Profit is the money gained by trading or business to find the profit money use
this formula:
Profit=Selling price- buying price

Example1: Ali bought 2kg of rice for 52 and then sold it for 61 what profit
did he make?

Solution
Selling price=61
Buying price=52
Profit= 9
Exercise:
1. Mohamed bought 6 goats for 800 and then sold them for 950 what
profit did he make?
2. Axmed bought 2kg of tomatoes for 42 and then sold the tomatoes for
50 what profit did he make?
3. Asha bought 2 goats for 300 and then sold them for 350 what profit did
she make?
4. Halooyeelo bought 2kg of sugar for 32 he sold the sugar for 35 what
profit did make?
Loss
Loss is the money lost in trade or [Link] find the loss of money use

This formula: Loss = buying price – selling price

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Example1: a man bought a ram for 200 and then he sold it for 180
what loss did he make?
Solution
Buying price= 200
Selling price = 180
Loss= 20
Exercise:
a. Ahmed bought a cow for 950 and then he sold it for 940 what loss
did he make?
b. Hussein bought items from the market and sold them in hem shop.

Food Quantity Buying selling profit loss

Bough
Apples 5kg 86 74
Bananas 3kg 48 65
Tomatoes 2kg 30 25
Beans 12kg 142 132
Rice 8kg 100 115
Spaghetti 10kg 120 145

Buying price
To find the buying price use this formula: Buying price = selling price - profit

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Example1: Ali sold 4kg of rice for 5 each making a profit of 2 find the
buying price.
Solution
Selling price = 20
Profit = 2
Buying = 18
Buying price:
To find the buying price use this formula: Buying price = selling price+loss
Example1: Ahmed bought a hen and then sold for 20 making a loss of 2 find
his buying price.
Solution
Selling price = 20
Loss= 2
Buying price = 22

Selling price
To find the selling price use this formula: Selling price = Buying price - loss
Example1: Mr. Cumar bought 3kg of oranges for 6 each and them making a
loss 2 what was his selling price
Solution
Buying price = 18
Loss = 2
Selling price = 16

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Percentage profit
Percentage profit is the profit expressed as a percentage of the buying price.
To find the percentage profit of the something’s use this formula:

Percentage profit =

Example: Businessman bought goods for 350 and then sold 400 what is that
percentage of profit?
Solution

Selling price= 400 p.p=

Buying price= 350

Profit = 50 p.p=

Exercise
Buying price Selling price Profit [Link]

200 300 100

250 350

150 200

650 700

2000 4000

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Percentage loss
Percentage loss is the loss expressed as a percentage of the buying price.

To find the percentage loss uses this formula.

Percentage loss =

A man bought goods from the market for 300 and then sold the goods for 270
find his percentage loss.

Solution

Buying price = 300 p.L=

Selling price = 270 p.L =10%

Loss= 30
Exercise
Find the percentage loss for each of the following:
1. A man bought goats for 180 and then sold 160 find his percentage loss.
2. A man bought watch for 100 and then sol 90 find his percentage loss.
3. A man bought watch for 120 and then sold 90 find his percentage loss.
4. A man bought watch for 90 and then sold 80 find his percentage loss.
5. A man bought watch for 150 and then sold 140 find his percentage loss.
6. A man bought watch for 150 and then sold 100 find his percentage loss.
7. A man bought watch for 40 and then sold 30 find his percentage loss.

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Proportional parts:
Example 1: divide 42000 among a-b-c in the ratio 1:2:3
Solution
1+2+3=6
1/6 x 42000sh = 7000sh
2/6 x 42000sh = 14000sh
3/6 × 42000sh = 21000sh
[Link] the profits of a business amounting to 35000 among three
parties’ a-b-c at 1:2:4
Solution
1+2+4=7
1/7 x 35000 = $5000
2/7 x 35000 = $1000
4/7 x 35000 = $2000
Exercise:
Complete the table below

Amount Ratio Share

32,000 1:2:3

56,000 2:1:8

42,000 3:2:1

90,000 4:5:1

820,000 3:1

46,000 3:4

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Mas’alooyin

1. Wadarta labotiro ayaa waxey tahay 66 haddii mid kamid ah uu yahay

labalaabka midkakale? Ans 22, 42
2. Barka da’da faadumo oo lagu dare rubac da’deda ayaa waxa uu yahay 36
soo hel d’da faadumo? Ans 48
3. Waxa uu kufikiray tiro oo labalaabay ayaa waxa lagu darey 11 maxasuulka
natiijada waxey tahay 43? Ans 16
4. 4) Balaca leeyli ayaa ah saddax meelood ha lmeel dhirirkeeda
baraamitirkeeda waa 32 soo hel dhirirka iyo balaca?
5. Birimitirka saddax xagalka waa 54 cm waa maxay dhirirka dhinacyada
saddax xagalka?
6. Doorasho ayaa looqabtay laba musharax oo mucaarad ah siwadajir ah waxa
ay u heleen cod gaaraya 2044 mid ayaa helay cod gaaraya 104 oo ka badan
midka kale. Immisa ayuu helayaa musharax kasta Ans 970 , 1074
7. Sicirka suuqa gaari waxa uu ahaa (6000, 0000 sh. So. ) Macaamiila ayaa
bixiye lacag dhan (5400, 000) kadib markii loo ogolaaday sicirdhimis
boqokiba boqol .immisa lacag ah ayaa qimo dhimis loo sameye?
Ans 600,000
8. Warsame waxa uu sistay 176000 sh. So .joogdhar ah oo qima hiisa laga
dhimay sicirka suuqa 44000 sh. So. maxuu ahaa sicirka suuqa?
Ans 220,000 [Link]
9. Immisa siyaabooda ayaa safikaraa shankutub oo kala duwan?
Waxa loo safikaraa. Ans 120 siyaabood
[Link] warqad turub ah ah sixulasho la’aan looga soo-saro baakad turub
oo eey ku jiran 52 warqad. Waa maxay ijtimaalka in warqada aay noqoto
baashi?

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Chapter Seven
Basic Algebra
In algebra is short way of using letters as well as number.

For examples: 2x+3x+5x is equal 10x

There for 10x is a simplest form:

Like terms and unlike terms

Like terms:
Ahmed bought seven chairs in one day and two chairs next day in two days
he bought 7a+2a=9a
Unlike terms:
Farah bought five watches and three rings for the shop
You can not add watches and rings there for he bought 5a+3b+can’t be
simplified:
Before we see how to add and subtract integers, we define terms and factors
Terms and factors
A term in an algebraic expression is an expression involving letters and or
numbers (called factors), multiplied together.
Example 1: the algebraic expression 5x
Is an example of one single term? It has factors 5 and x.
The 5 is called the coefficient of the term and the x is a variable.
Example 2: 5x + 3y has two terms.
First term: 5x, has factors has factors 5 and x
Second term: 3y, has factors 3, and y
The 5 and 3 called the coefficients of the terms

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Example 3: Simplifying the expressions

a) 14x + 5x
b) 5y -13y
c) p- 3p

d)

Solution:
a) 14x + 5x= (14 + 5) x= 19x b) 5y- 13y= (5-13) y= -8y

c) p- 3p= (1-3) p= -2p d) ( ) q= q

Exercise: about like terms:

1. 8x + 5y – 17x
2. 7X – 8 – 11X
3. 3a + 5c – 9a + 2a –c
4. 3xy + 4xy + 5x2y 6xy2
5. 5y2x- 2x2y + 8y2x + 2xy – x2y + 3xy
6. 11a + 30a -18a
7. 3v + 7v – v +v
8. 5x + 6x2 + 8x + x3 – x2
9. 5c + 2d + c- (-3) d
10. 1/2y – 3/7y + y

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Simplifying expressions of like and Unlike Terms

To simplify an algebraic expression that consists of both like and unlike

terms, we need to

Step 1: move the like terms together

Step 2: add or subtract their coefficients.

When moving the terms, we must remember to move the + or – attached in

front of them. For example,

Example4:

Simplify the following algebra:

a) 3a+b+a+5b+c-2

b) 2x+y-x+6y+3x+4

Solution:

We start collecting like terms together:

a) 3a+b+a+5b+c-2 b) 2x +y -x +6y +3x + 4

= 4x+6b+c-2 = x+3x+y+6y+4

= 4x+7y+4

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Exercise:

Simplify of the each following expressions:

1) 2x+3x=
2) 13xy-xy+2xy=
3)
4)
5)
6) 4a
7) x+3

Multiplying of algebraic expressions

Examples:

a) 5 x 2a= b) 4a x 6a= d) 2n x 5mn= c) 5mn x 4n=

Solution

a) 5 x 2a= b) 4a x 6a= d) 2n x 5mn= c) 5mn x 4n=

=10a =24 =10m =20m

Exercise:

Simplify of the each following expressions:

1) 2 x m 2) 8x × 3y 3) 6y × 4y × y 4) 5a × 2ab

5) 3x ×6 6) 4 ×3 7) ab × 2ab 8) mn × 9mn. 4

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Dividing algebra expression:

In arithmetic when a number is divided by another the resulting fraction

Is reduced to its lowest terms:

Examples:

a) b) c) = =2

Exercise:

Simplify of the each following expressions:

1) 2) 3) 15ab 4) 3y

5) 26p 6) 7) 16 . 6b

Examples:

a) b) = c) =

Solution
(
a) = =

Exercise:

1) 2) 3) 4)

5) + = 6) + 7)

8) 9) 10)

11) 12) 13) =

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Evaluation

Examples

If a= 2, b= 5 and c= -3, find the value of.

a) a + b + c b) 2b - c c) 7b + a-c d) 4a+

Solution
(
2+5 (-3) 2(5)-(-3) 7(5) +2-(-3) 4(2) + (

=7-3 =10+3 =35+2+3 =8+ =

=4 =13 =40
=
Exercise:

If a=3, b= -l and c=4 find the value of

a) a+bc b) 8-b c) a+b+c d) ab+ e) a-

If x=2, y= - 3, w=0 and z=5 find the volue of

a) x-2y b) w(x+y-z) c) (x-y)-z d) z-

e) 3x-y+4 f) 2w (2x-3) g) 5y-2w h) y+3x-3w

i) Calculate the following expression for x=3 and z=2 6z+4x=?

j) Find the values of the expression for x= -2, -1, 0, 1, 2

3 ?

k) Evaluate when x=5

y=1

End

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