Table 1
Literature Review Matrix of Articles Used in Critical Appraisal
Study Citation and Level of Purpose Design Sample Measurement Statistical Analysis Key Findings
Evidence tool(s)/Instrument(s)
Block, G., Azar, K.., Romanelli, Evaluate the Randomized 339 randomly Intention-to-treat (ITT) Chi-square – Significant reduction
R., Block, T., Hopkins, D., effectiveness of an control trial assigned individuals analysis categorical variables in fasting glucose in
Carpenter, H., … Block, C. automated with either a fasting intervention group
(2015, October). Diabetes behavioral glucose or HbA1c Alere Cholestech LDX t test – continuous from baseline (mean
prevention and weight loss with intervention for within prediabetes Analyzer variables -0.41mmmol/L, CI -
a fully automated behavioral diabetes prevention range, age 30-69, and 0.44 to -0.12,
intervention by email, web, and BMI >27 Siemens DCA Vantage Linear regression p=<0.001).
mobile phone: A randomized Analyzer
controlled trial among persons Intervention group Significant reduction
with prediabetes. Journal of Heckman correction
(n=163) and control Body Mass Index (BMI) in HbA1c (-0.26%,
Medical Internet Research, group (n=176) 95% CI -0.27 to -
17(10). doi:10.2196/jmir.4897 0.24; P=<0.001).
Level II BMI significantly
reduced 1.05 kg/m2
(95% CI -1.06 to -
1.05; P=<0.001
Diabetes risk reduced
Sepah, S. C., Jiang, L., & 2-year follow-up of Quasi- Met CDC DPRP Wireless scale SPSS Statistics 21.0 Program
Peters, A. (2015, April). Long- diabetes internet experimental criteria as program and SAS 9.3 starter/completers
term outcomes of web-based prevention program single arm starter (n=187); Self-administered reported weight
diabetes prevention program: 2- pilot study on pre- and post- program completer AccuBase A1c test kits Chi-square or Fisher’s between 22-26
year results of a single-arm effectiveness of intervention (n=155) exact test for months (n=131),
longitudinal study. Journal of weight loss and design Online health and categorical variables 52(40%) met or
Medical Internet Research HbA1c DPRP – age >18, demographic questionnaire exceeded CDC
17(4). doi:10.2196/jmir.4052 BMI >/ 24 kg/m2, t test for continuous DPRP 5% weight
light physical activity variables loss
Level III
Provided weight/A1c Lower compliance
at 1 year (n=148) Linear mixed-effects with A1c
measurements. At
Provided weight/A1c Autoregressive-moving 24-28 months 99/187
at 2 years (n=131/99) -average covariance (52.9%). A1c
reduction maintained
Spatial power from 1 to 2 years, no
covariance significant change
(P=0.39)
Weinhold, K., Miller, C., Evaluated efficacy Randomized Employed, Age 18- American Diabetes Pearson x2 or Fisher At 16-week post -
Marrero, D., Nagaraja, H., of worksite controlled trial 65, BMI 25-50 Association risk exact test Intervention group
Focht, B., Gascon, G. (2015, lifestyle with a pretest- kg/m2, prediabetes assessment questionnaire had significantly
November). A randomized interventions on posttest 2-sample t test decrease in weight
controlled trial translating the diabetes and control group Intervention group Physical activity readiness compared to control
diabetes prevention to a behavioral risk with 3-month (n=35); Control questionnaire Spearman correlation (-5.5% [0.6];
university worksite, Ohio, factors follow-up group (n=34) P<0.001); Waist
2012-2014. Preventing Chronic Health-O-Meter circumference,
Disease Public Health Power analysis fasting glucose, and
Professional
Research, Practice, and Policy systolic and diastolic
12(E210). SAS software package blood pressure
doi:10.5888/ped12.150301 Standing Stadiometer JMP version 10 significantly
decreased compared
Level II Alere Cholestech LDX to control (all
System P<0.025);
significantly
Omron healthcare 7-series decrease in total
blood pressure cuff cholesterol (P<0.01)
Block 2005 Food At 3 months post-
Frequency Questionnaire intervention group
(FFQ) remained
significantly
Life-corder Plus decreased for weight,
Accelerometer waist circumference,
and blood pressure
(P<0.05).
Intervention group –
32.4 % met weight
loss goal of 7%
(significantly less
than control;
P=0.003)