Quantities in
Circular Motion
Quarter 1 – LESSON 4: Kinematics
in 2-3 D-circular motion
General Physics1
Objectives:
• Explain the differences of quantities such as tangential
velocity, centripetal acceleration, tangential acceleration, and
radius of curvature present in an object in circular motion.
• Use equations in finding position, velocity, and acceleration of
objects in circular motion.
• Solve problems involving centripetal acceleration of an object
moving in circular path.
Ferris
Wheel
Carousel
Roller
Coaster
Hammer
Throw
What is Uniform Circular Motion?
• Uniform circular motion is a specific type of motion in which
an object travels in a circle with a constant speed.
Examples
•clothes in a spin drier •car, bus or train going round a corner
•blood sample in a centrifuge
•child on a playground roundabout
Review
• Linear Motion
• Projectile Motion
Circular Motion
Uniform circular motion is in
a circular path at constant
speed.
Circular Motion
Velocity in Circular Motion
While the direction of the circular motion is the
circumference of a circle is two pie times radius.
Tangential speed of the
cart on the wheel
Axis of
Rotation
Quantities of Circular Motion
• Tangential Velocity
• Tangential Acceleration
• Centripetal Acceleration
• Radius of Curvature
.
TANGENTIAL VELOCITY
• Tangential velocity is the velocity measured of an object moving
along the edge of a circle and direction is always along with the
tangent line of the circle at any given point.
Velocity vector direction at any
point in circular path is always
tangent to the circle
Angular Velocity
• angular velocity refers to how fast an object rotates or revolves
relative to another point, i.e. how fast the angular position or
orientation of an object changes with time. ... Angular velocity is
usually represented by the symbol omega (ω, sometimes Ω).
The tangential velocity is measured by the angular velocity
with respect to time and the radius of the wheel
* tangential velocity
is related to angular
velocity
Sample Problem Calculating Tangential
Velocity
• You are spinning your room key around on a 35.0 cm lanyard with
an angular speed of 6.5 rad/you accidentally let go of your room
keys while you spinning them, What was the tangential speed of
your room key in m/s?
Given: r = 35.0 cm = 0.35 m Solution: VT = w.r
w = 6.5 rad/s VT = (6.5 rad/s) (0.35 m)
Unknown: VT = ?
Answer: VT = 7.15m/s
Formula: VT = w.r
TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION
• Tangential acceleration is a measure of how the tangential
velocity of a point changes with time.
• Tangential acceleration is just like linear acceleration, but it’s particular
to the tangential direction. It always acts perpendicular to the
centripetal acceleration of the object moving in a circle.
Where:
The tangential acceleration involves a speeding up or slowing
down of an object as it moves along a circular path.
Sample Problem Calculating Tangential
Acceleration
• A certain object accelerates uniformly in a circular path with a
speed of 10 m/s to 100 m/s in 25 sec. Calculate the
acceleration to tangential.
Given:
𝑡i =0𝑠𝑒𝑐–initial time Solution:
𝑡f = 25 𝑠𝑒𝑐 – final time
𝑣i = 10 𝑚/𝑠 – initial velocity
𝑣f = 100𝑚/𝑠 – final velocity
Unknown: at = ?
Formula:
Answer:
CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION
• Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration that causes an
object to move along a circular path or turn.
V a
Any net force causing uniform circular motion is called The direction of a centripetal force is toward the center of
a centripetal force. curvature, the same as the direction of centripetal acceleration.
CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION
Example:
A stone swings in a circle of radius 4 m. If its constant speed is 6 m/s, what is the
centripetal acceleration?
Solution:
Given:
Unknown: 𝑎c = ?
Answer: 𝑎c = 9 m/s2
Formula:
Centripetal Force
• Centripetal force is the total force acting on the object in uniform
circular motion and the direction is always towards the center of
the rotation.
• Any net force causing uniform circular motion is called a centripetal force.
• The direction of a centripetal force is toward the center of curvature,
the same as the direction of centripetal acceleration.
examples : the tension in the rope on a tether ball, the
force of Earth’s gravity on the Moon, friction between
roller skates and a rink floor, a banked roadway’s force on
a car, and forces on the tube of a spinning centrifuge.
Centripetal Force
• According to Newton’s second law of motion, net force is mass
times acceleration: net F = ma. For uniform circular motion, the
acceleration is the centripetal acceleration—a = ac. Thus, the
magnitude of centripetal force Fc is Fc = mac.
Sample Problem Calculating Centripetal
force
• Calculate the centripetal force exert on a 450 kg jeep taking a
turn on a 330 m radius road at 20 m/s?
Given: Solution:
Unknown: Fc = ?
Formula:
Answer: Fc = 545 kg. m/s2
RADIUS OF CURVATURE
• The radius of curvature is defined as the radius of the approximate
circle at a particular point. It is the length of the curvature vector.
As the curve moves, the radius changes. It is denoted by r.
RADIUS OF CURVATURE
• Centripetal force Fc is always perpendicular to the path and
pointing to the center of curvature, because ac is perpendicular
to the velocity and pointing to the center of curvature.
The frictional force supplies the centripetal
force and is numerically equal to it. Centripetal
force is perpendicular to velocity and causes
uniform circular motion. The larger the Fc, the
smaller the radius of curvature r and the sharper
the curve. The second curve has the same v,
but a larger Fc produces a smaller r′.
Concept of Radius of curvature
We use the term radius of curvature even when
the motion isn't exactly in a circle.
RADIUS OF
CURVATURE