Project on

ELEN 3354 Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design

Bachelor of Science
In
Electrical Engineering

SOUND ACTIVATED LAMP

MEMBERS:
Bryan Albert Castro 2013-07027-MN-0
Nicol Roy Cervantes 2013-02522-MN-0
Jovie Micah Venus Dolotina 2013-03555-MN-0
Rhovel Flores 2013-01789-MN-0
Alec John Garcia 2013-03580-MN-0
Ruel Sadicon Jr. 2013-02426-MN-0

GROUP NUMBER: 1
YEAR AND SECTION: III-4
SUPERVISOR: Engr. Dennis A. Garcia
DATE OF SUBMISSION: DD MMMM 20YY
Sound Activated Lamp

ABSTRACT
Robbery, trespassing, and intrusion. These crimes are commonly some of what are reported to the
authorities after the dawn, in cases, are the initial step crimes to much bigger crimes such as rape, physical
attacks, and murder. For this, the project on this paper will help prevent the very first step of such crimes.
This has given researchers way create a new idea for a much greater security level. With the help of a
sound produced from a normally still environment which perfectly fits at night, isolated place or anywhere there
are lesser activities going on around, sudden noise means some unknown acts. This sudden noise will be the key
to alarm—by a bright light or a sound alarm— the person in charge of the facility, house, or the establishment.
All the process that it will run through are with the use of electronic components combined and
connected accordingly for it to act from a noise to alarm. The noise will send the sudden pulse turning into an
electrical signal that will put the alarm on and off interchangeably from the power input connection whenever a
noise is created. With this project, it will directly hit the prevention of the crime itself. This could be of great
use for school’s security as well.

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Sound Activated Lamp

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to thank Engineer Dennis Garcia for giving them the chance to create
something that they have never created. For the parents, who became fully supportive, especially Jovie’s parents
for welcoming the team to their home and also for feeding them with a delicious lunch and dinner.
For the ones who are least being thanked, themselves.
And most importantly, God our creator for making all of us creator ourselves. Thank you.

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Sound Activated Lamp

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 2
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 4
PROPOSED SOLUTION .................................................................................................................................... 6
EVALUATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
ROLE RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................................................................................... 12
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................. 13
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................. 14
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

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Sound Activated Lamp

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview and Background Information
With the ever changing and evolving technology, security at homes, schools, buildings, and
other establishments had been upgraded. CCTV cameras, motion sensors, thermal sensors and sound
sensors are some. This project uses sensors’ components that were used on these given devices. With
all existing security devices, the researchers thought of creating a sound activated lamp that switches
on when it receives a certain amount of volume or a sudden change in frequency.
This is similar to a motion sensor light that activates when a motion is detected within its
range. The same way, the project has limitations and only works on certain conditions that will be
discussed in the other chapters of this paper. Furthermore, the project uses a sound activated circuit that
can be used as a switch not only for lamps but also for other AC devices. This makes the project
versatile and of many uses.
1.2 Motivation to the Project
Robbery, trespassing, these are only some of the crimes that are mostly reported in times of
nightfall and location isolation. Homes, schools, and business establishments went to get underscored
by the same reason, which is the un-updated security system.
At this time, padlocks seemed not to be enough compared to the intruder’s tools to destroy this
and therefore security is in need to be upgraded.
The researchers were tasked of making something new and useful for the school. With these
two factors, the researchers came up of making a sound activated lamp. This can be used as additional
security to prevent these incidents. When it detected a sound made by a burglar, the lamp or any load
plugged into it such as sound alarm will switch on that it will alert the guards.
It can be set up on classrooms, homes, but also mainly to the guardhouse to alert the guards.
As the researchers noticed, the school has low security from intruders during at night time, making the
project useful not just for Sintang Paaralan but also for the public.

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PROPOSED SOLUTION
The sound detecting device will be placed inside the room where it can be most efficient (i.e. near the
door, gates, locks, and rooftop), while the lamps connected on the device is set up on the guardhouse or control
room, and can also be placed above the door. The device has a normal rocker switch that it can be activated only
on night time or when security is needed (i.e. the room is to be left with no one during a school activity).
Made easier to use by anyone in the Philippines or places that uses the same power output, it is AC
powered with a 220V requirement. Moreover, whosever wanted to impose the project but has a different power
supply, the use of transformer to meet the device’s input is required.
2.1 Conceptual Design

LOAD PORT

ROCKER SWITCH
Figure 1. Top View

LOAD PORT

CONDENSER MIC

Figure 2. Front View

FUSE

AC CORD

Figure 3. Right-Side View

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Sound Activated Lamp

Figure 4. Conceptual Design

Figure 5. Application

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Sound Activated Lamp

2.2 Project Requirement and Specification

The sound activated lamp requires a 220V AC power supply voltage that can switch on and
off any load connected to it from the same voltage requirement. The lamp can be activated with at least
the sound of a snap (63dB) up to 0.5 meters away the device. The sensitivity of the electret mic
depends on the type of the room where it is set up (i.e. enclosed or open, big or small), and also to
where it is facing. A certain change of sound from a quiet mode (at least positive or negative 5dB of
change) can also trigger the lamp.
2.3 Project Features
The project features mainly for security purposes. Instead of a buzzer alarm, which can also
alarm the burglar and escape, the lamp that is set up on the guardhouse signals only the guards and not
the intruder. If CCTV cameras are installed as well, guards can check immediately the surveillance
what is happening and strategically decide the next move, capturing the intruder if there is.
Another feature of the project is the circuit’s availability as switch for other loads such as fan,
TV, radio, etc. by the use of sound. Though it is not the main use of the device, it is an additional
function that can also be useful just like switching on a ceiling fan by clapping, and switching it of after
use with just a clap.
2.4 Block Diagram

Figure 6. Block Diagram

The condenser microphone picks up the sound converting the sound wave to electrical wave.
Then, it is sent through the BC548 transistor which acts as audio amplifiers that further amplifies the
weak signals from the mic.
The amplified output is then sent to the flip-flop circuit which consists of two BC548
transistor. At a time only one transistor conduct and other cut-off, when it gets a trigger pulse from
outside source then first transistor is cut-off and second transistor conducts, thus output of transistor is
either logic-0 or logic-1. It remains in one state 0 or 1 until it gets trigger pulse from outer source.
The current amplifier circuit, composed of a BC368 transistor, amplifies the low current
output of the flip-flop circuit to be able to drive the relay which works like a mechanical switch. The
relay contact is connected to the power line and hence turns on/off any electrical appliance connected
all the way through relay.

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Sound Activated Lamp

EVALUATION
3.1 Schematic Diagram

Figure 7. Circuit Diagram

3.2 Materials and Components

The electret microphone is responsible for picking up sound and converting it to electrical
wave. The main circuit is composed of basic components such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and
diodes. Transistor BC548 is used as a common emitter circuit because it amplifies weak signals
received by the microphone. Two more BC548 transistor are used to make the flip-flop circuit where
the output is either logic 0 or logic 1 and it remains in one state unless triggered by a sudden change in
sound wave. Then, a BC368 transistor is used to amplify the current output of the flip-flop circuit to
drive the 12V relay. The relay switches the lamp on or off.
A transformer is used to step-down 220V input to 12 V while diodes acts as rectifier to
convert AC signal to DC signal. The researchers also used a rocker switch on the main line to over-all
control the device when needed. A fuse is also added to the circuit to avoid the short circuited current
(in case of misuse) get into the device, thus preventing fire and protecting the device from the higher
voltage and burning the device’s component. The chassis is made of a plastic food container to insulate
the circuit and is designed to look appealing to the eyes.
The complete list of components used are shown in the Table 1.
Table 1. Schedule of Materials
Resistors Capacitors Semiconductors Miscellaneous
1 - 15KΩ 1 - 1000µf/16v 3 - BC548 12v/500mA Transformer
2 - 1.5KΩ 1 – 0.01µf 1 – BC368 Condenser Microphone
3 - 2.2MΩ 2 – 0.047µf 3 – IN4148 12V Relay
1 - 2.2KΩ 2 – IN4007 Bulb
1 - 270KΩ 1A Fuse
1 - 3.3KΩ Fuse Holder
Rocker Switch
2 - 10KΩ
AC Cord w/ Plug
2 - 27KΩ

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Sound Activated Lamp

3.3 Methodology
The researchers brainstormed to come up with a project that can be useful for the school with
something new in it. After considering all important factors, sound activated lamp was decided to be
the project. Researches were conducted to gather and make the circuit diagram of the project. The
information gathered were filtered and important data were incorporated and organized to come up
with the final circuit. The next step proceeds with the gathering of materials to be used. Construction of
the circuit was the next phase, in which proper soldering, proper arrangements and placement of
components were needed to finish it. Experimentations were done afterwards to test the functionality of
the device. The last step of the project was to assemble it in the chassis and designing the exterior to
come up with the proposed output. This was all done possible by the guide of the project timeline and
being resourceful.
3.3.1 Detailed Implementation Plan

Figure 8. Gantt Chart

Figure 9. Gantt Chart Resources

3.3.2 Test Method and Parameters

To test the sensitivity of the microphone, the following sounds were made and the results are
shown in Table 2 if they were received by the microphone:
Table 2. Mic Test
Sound 1st Try 2nd Try Final
Distance Result Distance Result Distance Result
Footstep (50 dB) 2m Failed 0.5m Failed 0.5m Failed
Stamp (70 dB) 3m Failed 2m Passed 2m Passed
Door Snap (72 dB) 1m Passed 2m Failed 1m Passed
Door Knob Click (66
1m Passed 1.5m Failed 1m Passed
dB)
Switch Click (77 dB) 2m Failed 1m Passed 1m Passed
Falling Objects (77 6m Failed 5m Passed 5m Passed
dB)
Clap (70 dB) 4m Failed 3m Passed 3m Passed
Snap (63 dB) 1m Failed 0.5m Passed 0.5m Passed
Alarm Clock (73 dB) 1m Failed 0.5m Passed 0.5m Passed
Sneeze (62 dB) 1m Failed 0.5m Failed 0.5m Failed

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Sound Activated Lamp

The result shows that relatively loud noises, like falling objects, can be detected by the
microphone within 4-5 meters away from it. The softest sound is a snap, 63 dB, and can only be
detected if it is made half a meter away the microphone. The result also shows some inconsistencies.
The device can detect soft sound, such as the click of a switch, even if it is a little far from the device.
This means that if the constant sound wherein the device is placed (50-60 dB or the sound of a normal
conversation or softer), and a disturbance of 4-5dB sudden change of sound is made, it can be detected
by the microphone, thus switching the lamp on.
As mentioned earlier, the device can also act as a switch to some AC device requiring 220V.
A test was done and tabulated at Table 3. A clap was used as sound to trigger the device.
Table 3. AC Appliances Test
Switch
Device Final
On Off
Electric Fan Yes Yes Working
Television Yes Yes Working
Lamp Shade Yes Yes Working

3.4 Budget and Expenses

The project cost three hundred eighty-seven pesos and fifty centavos (387.50) only and when
subdivided to the numbers of researchers (6), each members contributed sixty-five pesos only.
Table 4. Expenses
Item Spec Supplier Qty. U. Price Total
Resistor (1/4) 15KΩ DEECO 1 0.50 0.50
Resistor (1/4) 2.2MΩ DEECO 3 0.50 1.50
Resistor (1/4) 270KΩ DEECO 1 0.50 0.50
Resistor (1/4) 3.3KΩ DEECO 1 0.50 0.50
Resistor (1/4) 1.5KΩ DEECO 1 0.50 0.50
Resistor (1/4) 10KΩ DEECO 2 0.50 1.00
Resistor (1/4) 27KΩ DEECO 2 0.50 1.00
Resistor (1/4) 2.2KΩ DEECO 1 0.50 0.50
Electrolytic Capacitor 1000μF/16V DEECO 1 6.00 6.00
Mylar Capacitor 0.01μF DEECO 1 1.50 1.50
Mylar Capacitor 0.047μF DEECO 2 1.50 3.00
Transistor BC548 DEECO 3 10.00 30.00
Transistor BC368 DEECO 1 2.50 2.50
Diode IN4148 DEECO 3 1.00 3.00
Diode IN4007 DEECO 2 1.50 3.00
Transformer 12V/500mA Golden Mars 1 80.00 80.00
Electret Condenser Mic EM-60T-2T DEECO 1 7.50 7.50
Relay 12V DEECO 1 50.00 50.00
Bulb 25W UNITOP 1 20.00 20.00
PCB 5x8 DEECO 1 53.00 53.00
Fuse 1A DEECO 1 1.00 1.00
Fuse Holder Small DEECO 1 10.00 10.00
AC Cord DEECO 1 35.00 35.00
Rocker Switch Small DEECO 1 12.00 12.00
Plastic Food Container Chassis UNITP 1 44.00 44.00
Connecting Wires Solid 22, 5m DEECO 1 20.00 20.00
GRAND TOTAL: ₱387.50

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Sound Activated Lamp

ROLE RESPONSIBILITY
Table 5. Role Responsibility
Role Responsibilities Team Members
Project Team Define the project management process to be applied to the project 1. Rhovel Flores
Leader Select core team members, and assign individual tasks
Prepare project plan
Assure that all team members understand their roles and accept
their responsibilities
Analyze risk and investigate avoidance activities by research
Track and report on progress to plan
Analyze the actual performance against the plan and adjust
Review design and final write ups
Assure timely adaptive action is taken
Establish and publish clear priorities among project activities
Decide on technical and project management issues
Arbitrate and resolve conflicts within the project
Documentation under responsibility
Systems Provide the system requirements (Conceptual Design) 1. Bryan Albert Castro
Engineer Decompose system requirements (Block Diagram) 2. Rhovel Flores
Integrate the system
Define system-level testing
Documentation under responsibility (Conceptual Design and
Block Diagram)
Electronics Derive requirements for the PCB board level 1. Bryan Albert Castro
Designer Design circuit diagram layout 2. Ruel Sadicon Jr.
Define internal interfaces between parts of the electronics
Consider system aspects that may affect the electronics
Implement the design, test and correct the hardware
Documentation under responsibility (PCB layout/Circuit Diagram)
Project Create a Gantt Chart for all the activities 1. Rhovel Flores
Manager Activity planning and sequencing
Monitor the whole process of project implementation
Review the risk register regularly
Documentation under responsibility (Gant Chart and Reports)
Project Responsible for technical implementations (PCB etching, All members
Technician soldering, etc.)
Testing the electronics
Designing the chassis
Documentation under responsibility
System Design exterior and check how safe the project is. 1. Jovie Micah Venus
Safety Verify safety feature and controls are successfully implemented Dolotina
Ensure that design errors are considered as failure mode
Documentation under responsibility
Quality Create test parameters 1. Alec John Garcia
Assurance Review design and requirements implemented 2. Nicol Roy
Ensure all requirements are adequately verified Cervantes
Documentation under responsibility
CE Process Analyze the products produced (documents, design, etc.) 1. Nicol Roy
Assurance Asses the quality of the development process Cervantes
Ensure all appropriate project plans are completed prior to when 2. Alec John Garcia
they should be used 3. Jovie Micah Venus
Documentation under responsibility Dolotina

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Sound Activated Lamp

CONCLUSION
The project was done successfully and is working efficiently. Along the way of making the project, the
researchers were familiarized with different electronic components. One, for example, is the pin of a transistor
and the relay. The project also taught about the flip-flop circuit which was new for the researchers. Another
important learning was troubleshooting of why the circuit did not work at first, and the proper soldering and
placement of the components were the key.
About the device itself, the sound it can detect are relatively loud noises and the softest is of a snap if it
is near the microphone. It can really help for the security of schools although it can’t be rely on alone. If
installed together with a CCTV, the device can warn the guards of intruders and can be checked on the
surveillance to know if it is not just a false alarm. It can also be installed outside houses and the bark of the
owner’s dog will trigger the lamp on.
If it the project is to be further developed, the researchers recommend to use a wireless connection
between the device with the mic and the lamp if to be used for security purposes. Using long connecting wires
can be costly if the lamp is to be installed away from the device as suggested on the “guardhouse setting”. Also,
the project used only one microphone and further development can be by installing more microphone to
maximize its capacity of detecting sounds. Microphones with better sound detection ability can also be used.
Furthermore, the project can also be used at home not only for security purposes but as a switch for a
lampshade in a room, or an electric fan and even television. With just a clap, the users can control their devices.

5.1 Final Output

Figure 10. Front View

` Figure 11. (Left-Right) Side View and Top View

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Sound Activated Lamp

REFERENCES
[1] P. Marian, “Sound Activated Lights Circuit”, Electro Schematics. [Online]. Available:
[Link]
[2] “How to make a Clap-Clap on / Clap-Clap Off switch circuit”, Instructables. [Online]. Available:
[Link]
[3] “Clap Switch Circuit Electronic Project Using 555 Timer & BC-547 Transistors”, Electrical Technology,
12 October 2014. [Online]. Available: [Link]
[Link]/.
[4] “Sound Operated Light”, Electronics [Link], 11 January 2014. [Online]. Available:
[Link]
[5] “Clap Switch”, Electronics Projects and Circuit made Easy. [Online]. Available:
[Link]

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APPENDIX
APPENDIX A. BC368 Datasheet

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APPENDIX B. BC548 Datasheet

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Sound Activated Lamp

APPENDIX C. IN4007 Datasheet

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