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MBR Restoration and Computer Setup Guide

The document outlines a practical lesson on basic computer operations and file management, covering tasks such as computer assembly and disassembly, starting and shutting down a computer, and file management procedures. It includes detailed instructions on identifying components, using keyboard and mouse techniques, and observing computer safety and ethics. Additionally, it provides guidance on creating, renaming, moving, and deleting files and folders, as well as using search tools and understanding computer ethics.

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chanpeter3858
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12 views7 pages

MBR Restoration and Computer Setup Guide

The document outlines a practical lesson on basic computer operations and file management, covering tasks such as computer assembly and disassembly, starting and shutting down a computer, and file management procedures. It includes detailed instructions on identifying components, using keyboard and mouse techniques, and observing computer safety and ethics. Additionally, it provides guidance on creating, renaming, moving, and deleting files and folders, as well as using search tools and understanding computer ethics.

Uploaded by

chanpeter3858
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

COC 1.

1 Basic Computer Operations and FILE management

Lesson 8

Practical

At the end of the lesson the learner should be able to:

a. Carry out computer assembly and disassembly


i. Disassemble
ii. Identify components
iii. Re-assemble computer
b. Start up and shut down a computer system
i. Booting
 Cold booting
 Warm booting
c. Indentify and use computer handling techniques:
i. Carryout typing using the keyboard
ii. Key functions
iii. Keyboard layout
iv. Perform mouse techniques
 Click
 Double click
 Right click
 Drag and drop
 Mouse over
v. Familiarization with operating system
 Desktop
 Icons
 Buttons
 Tusk bar
 Menus
 Customizing the desktop
d. Carry out file management procedures
i. Creating, renaming, moving and deleting folders
ii. Locating files/ folders in computer storage
iii. Using search tools
e. Observe computer safety and ethics:
i. Computer devices
ii. Storage media
iii. Cleaning and dusting of computers
iv. Following the correct procedures when using the computer
v. Adhering to ethical behavior while using computer.

1
Disassemble a computer

General steps/procedures for disassembling a computer


 Unplugged the AC power supply to the PC from the wall socket
 Remove the Cover or chassis or case.
 Unplugged bus cables and ATX power cables
 Remove Adapter Cards if any
 Remove the processor and the heat sink and fan
 Remove hard disk and CD/ DVD drives
 Remove the Memory Modules
 Remove the Power Supply
 Remove the Motherboard

Identify components:

i. Motherboard
ii. CPU/Micro processor.
iii. Heat Sink and CPU Fan
iv. Hard disk drive
v. CD/ DVD drive
vi. RAM
vii. CMOS Battery
viii. Case/ Tower/Cabinet

Re-assemble or assemble a computer

Assembling a computer seems like a difficult job, however, once you get used to it, you will realize that it’s
easier done than said. You need to be cautious about putting the right components in the right place and
make sure that all screws are properly tight.
Follow the steps below to properly assemble a computer system.
Before you start, take inventory of your parts. Make sure you have the following components and tools with
you.
i. Motherboard
ii. CPU
iii. Heat Sink and CPU Fan
iv. Hard disk drive
v. CD/ DVD drive
vi. RAM
vii. CMOS Battery
viii. Case/ Tower/Cabinet
ix. A good screwdriver sets
How to setup and assemble computers
Assemble:
 Have the computer casing in place.
 Lay down the motherboard on the casing and put the necessary screws.
 If the processor is off board connect it and connect the processor heat sink and fun
 Connect the memory on the memory slots (DIMM OR SIMM)
 Check the CMOS battery if not connected, connect
 Put the hard disk and connect it to the motherboard
 Connect the CD/DVD drive also
 Connect the power supply on the two power connections on the motherboard
 Power the hard disk the CD/DVD drive
 Connect the power switch on the motherboard
2
 Connect additional cards on the expansion slots if any
Setup the computer: Make sure all the computer components are intact i.e. Mouse keyboard, monitor
then connect the UPS to the main power socket. Then connect the computer to UPS using power cables
either back to back or three pins.

Start up and shut down a computer system

To start up your computer just press its power button. The operating system loads automatically. At
that point, the operating system’s desktop (or other interface) may appear, or you may be prompted to
sign in.

Shut down: This completely turns off the computer’s power; when you restart, the operating system
must completely reload.
Procedure:
 Click on start button
 Select shut down, wait for the computer to go off completely.
 Switch off the screen power button.

Booting:
This means switching on a computer system.

Booting process: This is a process or set of operations that loads and hence starts the operating system,
starting from the point when the user switches on the power button.

Booting sequence:
 Turn on the power button
 CPU pins are reset and registers are set to specific value.
 CPU jumps to address of BIOS (basic Input Output System)
 BIOS run the POST (power on self test) and other necessary checks. POST is the foremost routine
which checks and tests the basic hardware. If it fails it displays an error.
 BIOS jumps to MBR (Master Boot Record)
 Primary boot loader runs from MBR and jumps to secondary boot loader which now loads the
operating system.

Types of Booting
 Cold Boot: The process of switching on a computer that has been off completely by pressing the
power button
 Warm Boot: This happens when the computer is forced to restart by pressing the restart power
button on the system unit or use a combination of the following keys CTRL+ALT+DEL, the click on
restart.
or click on start, in the menu select restart.

i) Keyboard - Keyboard layout

3
 A standard QWERTY keyboard has about 102 keys grouped into categories;
- Functional keys
- Alphabetic keys
- Special keys
- Cursor movement keys
- Numeric keypad
The following are some functions of important keys on the keyboard
1) The Function Keys (F1- F12)
These keys are used to perform specific tasks eg F1 to activate help menu in MS-Word
2) Alphabetic keys
These are keys with alphabetical letters used for typing letters and words.
3) Special keys
These are keys used either alone or in combination with others to perform a function. Eg
i) Control Keys (Ctrl)
Used as a shortcut to activate task when held down while taping another key eg
 Ctrl + C = Copy
 Ctrl + S = Save
 Ctrl + V = paste
 Ctrl + A = Select all
 Ctrl + P = Print
 Ctrl + Z = Undo
 Ctrl + Y = Redo
 Ctrl + U = Underline
 Ctrl + X = cut
 Ctrl + B = Bold
 Ctrl + I = italic
 Ctrl + N = New window

ii) Alternate Keys (Alt)
They are used as a shortcut to activate a menu or task when held down when typing another key eg
 Alt + I = Inset  Alt + W = Window
 Alt + F = File  Alt +H = Help
 Alt + E = Edit  Alt + Y = Yes
 Alt + V = View  Alt + N = No
 Alt +O = Format  Alt + F4 = Close window
 Alt + A = Table

4
iii) Shift Keys (Shift)
Used as a shortcut to activate task when held down while typing another key e.g.
 To change case lower to upper or vice versa (Shift + A = a)
 To activate a character on upper part of a key eg (Shift + 2 = @, Shift + / =?)
iv) Num lock;
Used to change the numeric keypad to number entry mode or to directional arrow keys
v) Page up (pg up)
Used to move the insertion point (cursor) to the top of the page
vi) page down(pg dn)
Used to move the insertion point (cursor) to the bottom of the page
vii) home
Used to move the insertion point (cursor) to the beginning of a line
viii) end
Used to move the insertion point (cursor) to the end of a line
ix) insert keys
 it turns on the type over or insert mode
 when insert mode is on, existing text is pushed to the right as new text is being typed, and when type
over mode is on, existing text is over-written as new text is being typed over it.
x) delete key (Del)
 it is used to erase a character, space, or any code that is to the right of the cursor
 it can also erase selected (highlighted) text, file or folder
xi) Back space
It is used to erase a character, space, or any code that is to the left of the
cursor
xii) Caps Lock
 It is used to change the keyboard mode from upper case to lower case and vice versa.
 If this button has been pressed, a light will appear on the right hand side of the keyboard
xiii) Space bar
Adds blank spaces between words, letters, figures etc.
xiv) Enter key
 Also referred to as Return key used to
 accept a selection/action
 insert a blank line between paragraphs, lines etc
 start a new line
 end a line

xv) Tab Key


It is used to indent text to the next tab setting
xvi) Escape Key
It is used to cancel dialog box or task being performed
4) Navigation Keys (Directional arrow keys)
They are used to move the cursor (insertion point) as per the direction that is on the key ie, up, down,
left, right

5) Numeric keypad
Enter numbers 0-9

5
Mouse
It is an input device, which lets user move the cursor around the screen. It has at least two buttons.
The left button selects icons and commands. The right button brings up a menu.

Terminologies/ techniques
- Clicking
This is pressing the mouse button once to activate a button.

- Double clicking
This is pressing the mouse button twice in rapid succession to open a file or folder.

- Dragging and dropping


This is the process of selecting a file, word etc and moving to another location.

- Right clicking
This is pressing the right mouse button

- Left clicking
This is pressing the left mouse button

- Scrolling
This is the process of moving the open window content either upward or downward using vertical
scroll bar or to the left or right using horizontal scroll bar.

FOLDER:
It is a container yellow in colour that helps you arrange and organize your files and documents in a
storage media. A folder can either be a parent/main folder or a sub folder. A sub folder is a folder
inside a parent/main folder or a folder inside another folder.

HOW TO CREATE A FOLDER


1. Open the location where you want to create a folder.
2. Right click on an empty space and select NEW then click New Folder.
3. Type the name of the folder and press the enter key.

RENAMING FILES AND FOLDERS


-Right click on the file or folder
- Click on rename
-Type the new name and press the enter key

DELETING A FILE OR FOLDER


- Right click on the file or folder
- Click on delete or tap on del key on the keyboard.
- The message will be displayed to confirm the deletion, click on delete/ok

MOVING FILES OR FOLDERS


- Use the mouse to drag and drop in the location you want
- Or right click the file or folder
- Click on click on cut
- Go to location you want to move the file or folder
- Right click and paste.
6
RECOVERING DELETED FILES AND FOLDERS
Open the recycle bin
Right click the file or folder select restore

SHORTCUT
A shortcut is a link to an item (such as a file, folder, or program) on your computer Shortcuts can be
distinguished from the original file by the arrow that appears on the icon.
To create a shortcut
1. Open the location containing the item that you want to create a shortcut to.
2. Right-click the item, and then click Create shortcut. The new shortcut appears in the same
location as the original item.
3. Drag the new shortcut to the desired location.

Search command: It is used to locate files, folders and programs in your computer. Search
command is used when you are not sure where you have saved your files and folders or where the
programs are located.

Procedure:
-Click on start button
-In the menu, click in search area and type the file or folder you want, and then enter.
- One can use wild cards like: asterisk (*) or question mark (?)

Observe computer safety and ethics:

Ethics is a branch of knowledge that deals with moral principals, and helps us distinguish between
right and wrong. Computer Ethics (CE) or Information Ethics (IE) is a branch of ethics that pertain to
the relationship between the creation, organization, dissemination, and use of information, and the
ethical standards and moral codes governing human conduct in society.

Generally, ethics in Computer Science relate to:


 Computer crime (theft, hacking)
 Responsibility for computer failure (quality assurance)
 Protection of computer property, records, and software (security)
 Privacy of the company, workers, and customers

Common questions

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On a standard QWERTY keyboard, function keys (F1-F12) execute specific tasks like F1 for help menus . Alphabetic keys are used for typing letters, while special keys like Ctrl and Alt facilitate shortcuts for commands such as Ctrl+C for copying . The numeric keypad is for entering numbers, and navigation keys (e.g., arrows) move the cursor . Other keys include Shift for case change, Backspace for erasing left of the cursor, and Enter for line breaks or confirming actions .

Essential mouse techniques include clicking to select items or commands and double-clicking to open files or applications . Drag-and-drop operations are crucial for file movement, allowing users to relocate documents and folders easily . Right-clicking provides access to context-specific menus for additional options, while scrolling allows navigation through content in documents and webpages . Mastering these techniques enhances user efficiency and file management capabilities .

Observing computer safety and ethics is essential to prevent computer crime such as data theft and ensure responsible usage of computer resources . Key practices include following ethical guidelines that protect privacy, secure data against unauthorized access, and ensure system integrity through regular updates and quality assurance . Ethical behavior in computing also involves adherence to laws and policies surrounding data handling, respecting user privacy, and promoting responsible digital citizenship .

The booting process involves several key stages starting with turning on the power button, which resets CPU pins and sets registers to specific values . The CPU then jumps to the BIOS memory address, which runs POST to check hardware health . After successful checks, the BIOS jumps to the Master Boot Record where the primary boot loader initiates and subsequently calls the secondary boot loader that loads the operating system . This process can be cold booting if the computer was off entirely or warm booting if restarting without a full shutdown .

To assemble a computer, components such as the motherboard, CPU, heat sink and fan, RAM, hard disk drive, CD/DVD drive, and power supply need to be in place . Begin by securing the motherboard, followed by installing the CPU, fan, and heat sink . Memory modules are inserted into slots, and storage devices like hard drives and optical drives are connected via SATA cables to the motherboard . The power supply is then connected to the motherboard and other peripherals, ensuring all connections are secure and cables managed to prevent issues .

Cold booting, which involves starting up a completely powered-down computer, allows for a clean initialization of system hardware and operating system processes, potentially reducing startup conflicts . Warm booting, a restart from an operational state, can be faster as it bypasses some initialization steps, but may not resolve certain system issues that only a full reboot would . Selection of booting method affects the overall performance related to system responsiveness and may impact troubleshooting or updates installation success .

Effective file management involves creating folders to organize documents, renaming files for clarity, and moving files as needed using drag-and-drop or cut-paste methods . Deletion of files should be followed by confirming actions to prevent accidental loss . Recovery of deleted files can be performed through the recycle bin . Utilizing shortcuts can improve efficiency in file navigation and retrieval . Regularly using the search feature to locate misplaced files and maintaining a clean desktop are also essential practices .

Keyboard shortcuts improve productivity by reducing the need for extensive mouse navigation and enabling quick access to commands . Common shortcuts include Ctrl+C for copying and Ctrl+V for pasting, which expedite text and file management tasks . Shortcuts like Ctrl+S for saving work and Alt+F4 for closing applications enhance workflow efficiency by minimizing disruptions . By mastering these shortcuts, users can perform tasks more rapidly and with fewer interruptions, leading to more effective computer usage .

During computer disassembly, one must follow specific steps such as unplugging the AC power supply, removing the cover or chassis, disconnecting bus and ATX power cables, and safely removing components like adapter cards, processor, RAM, and hard drives . When reassembling, it is crucial to place components in their correct slots, ensure all screws are tightened, and check the connection of critical elements like the power supply and data connectors . Proper grounding to prevent static discharge and careful handling to avoid damaging components are also critical considerations .

Programmers and users should adhere to principles of privacy, ensuring that personal data is protected against unauthorized access and misuse . They must also maintain the integrity of information through accurate reporting and secure handling of data . Ethical dissemination involves transparency in information sharing and respecting copyrights, thereby preventing plagiarism and unauthorized distribution . Adopting these practices promotes trust and accountability in technological environments .

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