Chapter 4
1. What is the Internet? Why is it called a global network of computers?
The Internet is the biggest network of computers. It connects millions of computers
and computer networks.
It is called a global network because it links computers all over the world. This helps
people share information and communicate easily.
2. Write, in brief, the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet.
Advantages:
a. We can search information easily using a search engine.
b. We can communicate fast through e-mails, chat programs, instant messages,
and video calls.
c. We can book train, bus, or air tickets online from home.
d. E-banking lets us do money transactions on a secure website without visiting
the bank.
e. Online education (e-learning) allows us to learn anytime and anywhere.
f. E-commerce lets us buy and sell products 24×7.
g. E-mail is a fast and cheap way to send text, pictures, and sound.
3. Disadvantages:
a. Exploitation: People can lie about their identity and exploit online services.
b. Addiction and wastage of time: We may get distracted by games or social
media and waste our time.
c. Theft of personal information: Hackers can steal our data and use it for
identity theft.
d. Spam and advertising: We may receive unwanted promotional messages and
spam in our inbox.
e. Health issues and obesity: Spending too much time on the computer can lead
to an unhealthy lifestyle.
f. Virus threat: Computers connected to the Internet are more prone to viruses,
which can slow down or damage the system.
4. What are computer etiquettes? Mention four computer etiquettes that we
should follow.
Computer etiquettes are rules of polite and responsible behaviour when using a
computer or the Internet.
Four computer etiquettes we should follow:
a. We should not spy on another person’s computer.
b. We should not use someone else’s computer without their permission.
c. We should not use pirated software; we should always pay for software
unless it is freely available.
d. We should be respectful to others when communicating online.
5. What are unethical practices online? Write five examples of unethical
practices.
Unethical practices are actions done online that harm others or break moral rules.
Five examples of unethical practices:
a. Plagiarism (using someone else’s work without giving credit).
b. Cyberbullying (harassing or embarrassing someone online).
c. Phishing (sending fake e-mails to steal personal details).
d. Hacking (breaking into someone’s computer without permission).
e. Spamming (sending unwanted bulk e-mails, often with ads or viruses).
6. What is the Indian Copyright Act?
The Indian Copyright Act is a law passed in 1914 in India.
It protects the rights of creative people like writers, artists, and musicians.
7. What is plagiarism? Write four guidelines to prevent plagiarism.
Plagiarism is taking someone else’s ideas or parts of their work and pretending it is
our own.
Four guidelines to prevent plagiarism:
a. We should use citation: always acknowledge the original writer from where we
took the content.
b. We should edit the material: change the words and structure as much as
possible when we use someone else’s idea.
c. We should use quotation marks when we copy exact words.
d. We should bring our own ideas to make the content more original.
8. What is site citation?
Site citation means acknowledging the website or original writer from where we took
information.
It shows that we did not copy someone’s work without giving credit.
9. What is cyberbullying? Write four guidelines to prevent cyberbullying.
Cyberbullying is using digital tools (like e-mail or social media) to hurt someone
again and again.
Four guidelines to prevent cyberbullying:
a. We should never reveal our personal information to a stranger.
b. We should check a person’s identity before making them an online friend.
c. We should not post our personal details on social media for everyone to see.
d. If someone bullies us, we should not hide it; we should tell an adult and block
that person.
10.What is phishing? What are four ways to prevent phishing?
Phishing is a cybercrime where someone sends an e-mail pretending to be from a
trusted organisation. They ask for user IDs, passwords, or credit card details.
Four ways to prevent phishing:
a. We should not open e-mails from unknown senders.
b. We should be careful if an e-mail asks us to update personal information.
c. We should keep our antivirus updated and use a good firewall.
d. We should always use official banking websites for net banking.
11.What is hacking?
Hacking is breaking into someone’s computer system without permission to find
information or do something illegal.
12.What is ethical hacking?
Ethical hacking is when someone hacks a system for a good purpose, such as
finding security flaws so they can be fixed.
13.Which computer language is preferred by hackers?
Hackers generally write programs in Assembly or C language.
14.How can we stay safe from hacking?
1. We should always keep our system password protected.
2. We should keep our antivirus software up to date.
3. We should never share credit card details or PIN on a website.
4. We should avoid installing apps that ask for unnecessary personal
information.
5. We should change our passwords frequently.
15.What is spamming?
Spamming is sending unwanted emails in bulk from unknown sources. These emails
often advertise products or contain viruses.
16.What guidelines should we follow to stay safe from spamming?
We should avoid giving our email address to websites unless it is necessary.
We should not reply to any spam emails.
We should delete emails from unknown sources without opening them.
We should not click on links in emails from senders we do not know.
17.What do you mean by privacy? Why is it important?
Privacy means the right of a person or organisation to keep personal data and
information secret.
It is important because nobody wants their personal information to be used or
shared without permission.
18.How can we protect our privacy?
1. We should never share our login details with anyone.
2. We should not give personal information on untrusted websites.
3. We should set our social media accounts to “friends only” or private.
4. We should install antivirus software and enable a firewall.
5. We should keep our system password protected.
6. We should enter personal information only on official websites.
7. We should not click links from unknown email senders.
19.What is software piracy? Why is it increasing? How can we prevent software
piracy?
Software piracy is illegally copying software for distribution or sale.
It is increasing because many users prefer free pirated copies instead of buying
licensed ones.
We can prevent software piracy by:
a. Not making copies of software for distribution.
b. Always buying licensed software from a trusted seller.
c. Using licensed software instead of pirated copies.
d. Downloading free software only from its official website.
20.What do you mean by intellectual property rights? Why are they necessary?
What are the different types of intellectual property rights? Write in brief.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) are legal rights that let a person or company use
their own ideas or inventions without competition for a certain time.
Why they are necessary:
a. They encourage people to invent and create without fear that others will copy
their ideas.
b. They protect the inventor’s or creator’s work from being used by others
without permission.
21.Types of Intellectual Property Rights:
a. Patents:
i. Rights given to inventors to stop others from making, using, or selling
their invention.
ii. In India, a patent is valid for 20 years.
b. Copyright:
i. Protects creative works like books, music, and software.
ii. Copyright lasts for more than 70 years.
c. Trademark:
i. A name or symbol used by a company on its products.
ii. It prevents other companies from using the same name or symbol.
iii. In India, a trademark is valid for 10 years and can be renewed.
22.What safety measures should we follow while using a computer or the
Internet?
1. We should make sure any information we share is true.
2. We should not share personal details like our address or phone number
without our parents’ permission.
3. We should always be honest and avoid using fake email IDs.
4. We should not meet an online friend alone; we should take an adult and go
to a public place.
5. We should never open emails from unknown people because they may
contain viruses.
6. We should remember that not all information on the Internet is correct; we
should check multiple sources.
7. We should back up our important data regularly to avoid data loss.
8. We should keep our antivirus software updated.
9. We should use a firewall as a barrier between our computer and the Internet.
10. We should always keep a strong password and change it often.
23.What is a firewall? How does it protect us?
A firewall is a network security system that stops unauthorized access to our
computer or network.
It protects us by following rules we set to control incoming and outgoing network
traffic.
It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network (like our home) and an
untrusted external network (the Internet).
24.What is a digital footprint? What are its types?
A digital footprint is the information or impression we leave on the Internet because
of our online activity.
There are two types of digital footprints:
a. Active Digital Footprint
b. Passive Digital Footprint
25.Write in detail about active and passive digital footprints.
Active Digital Footprint:
a. This includes data that we intentionally submit online.
b. Example: When we send an email, others can save or see that data.
26.Passive Digital Footprint:
a. This includes data that is collected without our direct knowledge.
b. Example: When we visit a website, the server logs our IP address, which
shows our location. Our search history saved by search engines is also part
of a passive footprint.
27.What guidelines should we follow while working online?
a. We should not try to access someone else’s computer systems without
permission.
b. We should not log in to websites that we do not trust.
c. We should keep our personal information on social media visible only to
people we know.
d. We should not add unknown people to our online friends’ list.
e. We should be careful when replying to any post or message online and think
before sharing personal details.