GRADE 7
CHAPTER 1
INTEGERS
• Natural Number : The numbers from 1 upwards: 1, 2, 3, and
so on
• Whole Number : The numbers from 1 upwards: 0,1, 2, 3, and
so on
• Integer : An integer is a whole number that can be positive,
negative or zero.
Natural Number
1 Whole Number
Integer
-1 Integer
Whole Number
0
Integer
Additive inverse of 𝑎 is – 𝑎
Eg:- Additive inverse of 1 is – 1
Additive inverse of −1 is 1
Additive inverse of 5 is – 5
1 + (– 1) = 1 – 1 = 0 (−1) + 1 = -1 + 1 = 0
Chapter : 1
•Integers
• Properties of Addition and Subtraction of Integers
Learning Objective:
To learn the properties of addition and
subtraction of integers
Properties of addition and subtraction of
integers
• [Link] property
• 2. Commutative Property
• 3. Associative Property
• 4. Additive Identity
[Link] Property
Closure under addition:
• The sum of two integers is always an integer.
• In general for any integer 𝑎 and 𝑏, 𝑎 + 𝑏 is also an integer
• Eg: 12 + 13 = 25, is an integer
• -17 + -5 = -22
• 11 + -11 =0
• Closure under subtraction
• The difference of two integers is always an integer. So integers are
closed under subtraction.
• In general for any integer a and b, 𝑎 – 𝑏 is also an integers
• Eg: 12 – 13 = -1, is an integer
• -17 – (−5) = -17 + 5 = -12, is an integer.
• 11 – (-11) = 11 + 11 = 22
2. Commutative Property
• The integers can be added in any order.
• For every integer 𝑎 and 𝑏, 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑏 + 𝑎
• Eg: 12 + 13 = 25
• 13 + 12 = 25
• -17 + (-5) = -22
• -5 + (-17) = -22
• Consider 4 and (− 3)
• 4 − (− 3) = 4 + 3 = 7
• (− 3) − 4 = −7
• So subtraction is not commutative for integers.
3. Associative Property
• For every integer 𝑎, 𝑏 and c
• 𝑎 + (𝑏 + 𝑐) = (𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑐
• Eg:- Consider − 4, − 5 and – 6
• (− 4) + [(− 5) + (− 6)] = (− 4) + (− 11) = − 15.
• [(− 4) + (− 5)] + (− 6) = (− 9) + (− 6) = − 15.
• So, (− 4) + [(− 5) + (− 6)] = [(− 4) + (− 5)] + (− 6)
4. Additive Identity
• When we add 0 to an integer, we get the same
integer
• i.e.; 𝑎 + 0 = 𝑎 = 0 + 𝑎
• Eg: (− 2) + 0 = (− 2) = 0 + (− 2)
• 4+0=4=0+4
• Zero is called the additive identity for the integers.
• Write down a pair of integers whose
• 1. sum is − 5
• Ans:
• 1. (− 2) + (− 3) = − 5
• (− 10) + 5 = − 5
• 2. difference is − 3
• Ans:
• (− 2) − 1 = − 3
• (− 8) − (− 5) = − 3
H.W
• 1. Write a negative integer and a positive integer whose
sum is − 8.
• 2. Write down a pair of integers whose sum is 0
Chapter 1:
Integers
Multiplication of integers and its properties
Learning Objectives:
• Students will be able to multiply the integer
Rules for multiplying integers
• The product of two integers with the same signs
is POSITIVE
• + × + = +
• − × − = +
• The product of two integers with the different
signs is NEGATIVE
• − × + = −
• + × − = −
• While multiplying a positive and a negative
integer, we multiply them as whole numbers
and put a minus sign.
• In general, a x –b = -a x b = -ab
• Examples:
• 1. 9 × − 4 = − 36
• 2. − 5 × − 8 = 40
• 3. 7 × 3 = 21
• 4. − 5 × 4 = − 20
Multiplication of three or more Negative Integers.
• The number of negative integer in a product is even, the product is
a positive integer.
• The number of negative integer in a product is odd, the product is a
negative integer.
• Ex:
• -1 x -1 = 1
• -1 x -1 x -1 = -1
• -1 x -1 x -1 x -1 = 1
• -1 x -1 x -1 x -1 x -1 = -1 , etc
• From this
• If the integer − 1 is multiplied even number of times , the
product is + 1 and if the integer − 1 is multiplied odd number of
times, the product is − 1
Questions:
• Find each of the following products:
• (–1) × 225
• Ans. (–1) x 225 = –225
• (–21) × (–30)
• Ans. (–21) x (–30) = 630
• (–12) × (–11) × (10)
• Ans. (–12) × (–11) × (10) = 1320
• Verify the following:
• 18 × [7 + (–3)] = [18 × 7] + [18 × (–3)]
• Ans.
• LHS = 18 × [7 + (–3)] = 18 x 4 = 72
• RHS = [18 × 7] + [18 × (–3)] = 126 + (−54) = 126 – 54 =
72
• LHS = RHS
• Hence verified
H.W
• Verify the following:
• 1. (–21) × [(– 4) + (– 6)] = [(–21) × (– 4)] + [(–21) × (– 6)].
• Find the product:
• 1. (–9) × (–21) × (–13)
• 2. (–16) × (4) × (–11)
Properties of Integers
• Closure Property :
• For any integer 𝑎 and 𝑏, 𝑎 x 𝑏 is also integer
• Eg:- 3 x (− 5) = (− 15), is an integer
• Commutative Property :
• For every integer 𝑎 and 𝑏, 𝑎 x 𝑏 = 𝑏 x 𝑎
• Eg:- 8 x 3 = 3 x 8 = 24
• Multiplication by zero : 𝑎x0=0
• Associative Property :
• For every integer 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐, 𝑎 x (𝑏 x 𝑐) = (𝑎 x 𝑏) x 𝑐
• Eg:- Consider − 4, − 5 and – 6
• (− 4) x [(− 5) x (− 6)] = (− 4) x 30 = −120
• [(− 4) x (− 5)] x (− 6) = 20 x (− 6) = −120
• So, (− 4) x [(− 5) x (− 6)] = [(− 4) x (− 5)] x (− 6)
• Distributive Property :
• For every integer 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐, 𝑎 × (𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎 x 𝑏 + 𝑎 x 𝑐
• Eg : 2 × (3 + 4) = 2 × 3 + 2 × 4
• = 6 + 8 = 14
• Multiplicative Identity :
• For any integer 𝑎 we have, 𝑎 × 1 = 1 × 𝑎 = 𝑎
• Eg: − 5 × 1 = − 5
Chapter 1:
Integer
Learning Objective:
• To apply the properties of multiplication for
integers
Find the product
• a) 26 × (– 48) + (– 48) × (–36)
• Ans:
• 26 × (– 48) + (– 48) × (–36)
• = (– 48) × [26 + (–36)] (Distributive property)
• = (– 48) × (26 – 36)
• = – 48 x – 10
• = 480.
• b) (– 41) × 102
• Ans:
• = −41 x (100 + 2) (Distributive property)
• = (−41 x 100) + (−41 x 2)
• = (−4100) + (– 82)
• = −4182
• c) 15 × (–25) × (– 4) × (–10)
• Ans:
• 15 × (–25) × (– 4) × (–10)
• = 15 x (−4 x −25 x −10 )
• = −15,000
• d) 8 × 53 × (–125)
• Ans:
• 8 × 53 × (–125)
• = 53 x (8 x −125)
• = 53 x −1000
• = −53,000
Grade 7
Chapter 1:
Integer
Learning Objective:
• To solve the problems on division of
integers.
Rules for Dividing Integers (÷)
• The quotient of two integers with the same signs is
POSITIVE.
• + ÷ + = +
• − ÷ − = +
• The quotient of two integers with different signs is
NEGATIVE.
• + ÷ − = −
• − ÷ + = −
Questions
16
• 1) 16 ÷ (-2) = = −8
−2
−42
• 2) -42 ÷ (-6) = = 7
−6
−18
• 3) -18 ÷ 9 = = −2
9
40
• 4) 40 ÷ 8 = = 5
8
Properties of division
• 1) Integer is not closed under division
• Eg: - 8 ÷ - 4 = 2 , is an integer
−8
• -8÷3= , is not an integer.
3
• 2) Integer is not commutative under division
−4 1
• Eg: (- 8) ÷ (- 4) = 2 , but (- 4) ÷ (- 8) = =
−8 2
• So (- 8) ÷ (- 4) ≠ (- 4) ÷ (- 8)
• 3) For ant integer a, a ÷ 0 is not defined, but 0 ÷ a = 0 for a ≠ 0.
• 4) For any integer a, a ÷ 1 = a
• 5) Integer is not associative under division
• Eg: Consider 8, 4, 2
• (8 ÷ 4) ÷ 2 = 2 ÷ 2 = 1
• 8 ÷ (4 ÷ 2) = 8 ÷ 2 = 4
• So (8 ÷ 4) ÷ 2 ≠ 8 ÷ (4 ÷ 2)
Questions:
• Evaluate each of the following
• 1) (–30) ÷ 10
• 2) 50 ÷ (−5)
• 3) (−36) ÷ (−9)
• 4) 0 ÷ (− 12)
• 5) (−49) ÷ (49)
Grade 7
Chapter 1:
Integer
Learning Objective:
• To solve real life application problems.
The temperature at 12 noon was 10oC above zero. If it decreases at the rate of 2oC per
hour until midnight, at what time would the temperature be 8°C below zero? What
would be the temperature at mid-night?
• It will take 12 hours to be mid night ( i.e., 12 AM) after 12 noon
• Change in temperature in 1 hour = -2oC
• Change in temperature in 12 hours = -2oC × 12 = – 24oC
• So, at midnight temperature will be = 10 + (-24)
• = – 14oC
• So, at midnight temperature will be 14oC below 0.
• 2. In a class test containing 10 questions, 5 marks are awarded for every correct
answer and (–2) marks are awarded for every incorrect answer and 0 for questions
not attempted.
• a) Mohan gets four correct and six incorrect answers. What is his score?
• Ans:
• Mohan gets marks for four correct questions = 4 x 5 = 20
• He gets marks for six incorrect questions = 6 x (–2) = –12
• Therefore, total scores of Mohan = (4 x 5) + [6 x (–2)] = 20 + (–12) = 20 – 12 = 8
• Thus, Mohan gets 8 marks in a class test.
• b) Reshma gets five correct answers and five incorrect answers, what is her score?
• Ans:
• Reshma gets marks for five correct questions = 5 x 5 = 25
• She gets marks for five incorrect questions = 5 x (–2) = –10
• Therefore, total score of Reshma = 25 + (–10) = 15
• Thus, Reshma gets 15 marks in a class test
• In a class test (+ 3) marks are given for every correct answer
and (–2) marks are given for every incorrect answer and no
marks for not attempting any question. (i) Radhika scored 20
marks. If she has got 12 correct answers, how many questions
has she attempted incorrectly?
• Ans:
• Marks awarded for 1 correct answer = + 3
• Marks awarded for 1 wrong answer = -2
• i) Marks scored by Radhika = 20 marks
• Total marks awarded for 12 correct answers = 12 × 3 = 36
• Marks awarded for incorrect answers = Total score – Total marks awarded for 12 correct
• Answers
• = 20 – 36
• = – 16
• So, the number of incorrect answers made by Radhika = (-16) ÷ (-2)
• =8
• In a class test (+ 3) marks are given for every correct
answer and (–2) marks are given for every incorrect
answer and no marks for not attempting any question (ii)
Mohini scores –5 marks in this test, though she has got 7
correct answers. How many questions has she attempted
incorrectly?
• Ans:
• (ii) Marks scored by Mohini = −5 marks
• Total marks awarded for 7 correct answers = 7 × 3 = 21
• Marks awarded for incorrect answers = Total score – Total marks awarded for 12 correct
• Answers
• = – 5 – 21
• = – 26
• So, the number of incorrect answers made by Mohini = (-26) ÷ (-2)
• = 13