GRADE 10
SUB: GEOGRAPHY
CH. 1. RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
Mind map (to be done in NB)
Keywords (to be done in NB)
➢ Resources
➢ Renewable
➢ Non- renewable
➢ Sheet Erosion
➢ Gullies
➢ Bad land
Textual Exercises (to be done in NB)
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Ans. i) The three states having black soil are Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
The crops, which are mainly grown in it, are cotton, Tobacco and Sugarcane.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three
main features of this type of soil.
Ans. Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the Eastern coast.
Three main features of this type of soil are —
(a) It is very fertile.
(b) It is a transported soil.
(c) The soil contains adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Ans. The following steps should be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas
(a) Afforestation: The best way to conserve soil is to increase the area under forests.
(b) Terracing and Contour Ploughing: Terrace cultivation and contour ploughing across the hill
slope is very effective and one of the oldest methods of soil conservation.
(c) Restricted Grazing of Animals: Animals should be moved over different pastures so as to avoid
erosion of soil.
(d) Strip cropping
(e) Shelter belts
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not
increased much since 1960-61?
Ans. Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, land meant
for pasture and grazing, land for other non-agricultural use and waste land. Waste land includes
rocky, arid and desert areas. Land is also used for other non-agricultural purposes such as housing,
roads and industry. According to the data for 2002-03, about 54% of the total land area is
cultivable or fallow, 22.5% is covered by forests and 3.5% is used for grazing. The rest is waste
land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation. The improper use of forest land has degraded the
available land area, and has made conservation of forests difficult. Human activities such as
deforestation, mining and quarrying have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus,
land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of
resources?
Ans. (a) Technological development has led to industrialization which has increased the use of
natural resources.
(b) Technological development has converted the subsistence agriculture to commercial
agriculture and this has led to the over utilization of soil.
(c) The development of technology contributed to increased production of quality goods and
provision of better services to the people.
(d) Technological development has also improved the process of mining.
(e) Economic development has led to increasing urbanization and modernization which demands
more resources.
Map Work (to be done in map work book)
Refer to the map work uploaded on the portal.
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