A

Project Synopsis on
EFFECT OF STONE POWDER AND LIME ON STRENGTH COMPONENT CBR
PROPERTIES OF FINE SOIL
By

Ketan Patel(1609700055)

Kamlesh Kushwaha(1609700054)

Akhilesh patel(1609700011)

Abhishek Kumar(1609700054)
Submitted in partial of requirements of the degree
Bachelor of Technology
In
Civil Engineering
Submitted to
Mr. Tushar Gupta
(Assistant Professor of civil department)

Department of Civil Engineering

Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology,Greater Noida

Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University ,Lucknow 2019-2020

Abstract: — Considerable efforts have been made to improve the properties of
Expansive soils. This paper presents the effects of marble powder and sand on
compaction characteristics, Atterberg’s limit, California bearing
ratio, permeability
and shear strength parameters of clay soil. The clay soil was mixed with marble
powder and sand from 30% to 50% and 20% to 40% respectively at an interval of
10%. From the analysis of test results it was found that, liquid limit, plasticity
index, optimum moisture content, permeability and cohesion decreased and plastic
limit, shrinkage limit, maximum dry density, California bearing ratio and angle of
internal friction increased with an increase in marble powder content. From the
economic analysis it was found that, marble powder up to 20% is optimum for
sand mixed with clayey soil which can be used in strengthening the sub grade of
flexible pavements to save the cost of construction.
The construction on clay soil always creates a problem for civil engineers
because of its swell and shrinks behavior. When the black cotton soil comes
in the contact of water then excessive swelling is caused and when water
content decreases shrinkage occurs in the soil. Because of this movement
lightly loaded structures such as foundations, pavements, canal beds, linings,
and residential buildings founded on them are severely damaged.

Keywords — Soil, Marble powder, Sand, Compaction Characteristics,

California Bearing Ratio, Permeability, Shear strength parameters..

Literature Survey: Eskoglou (1996) evaluated the effectiveness of marble dust as a soil
stabilizer. The study revealed that the geotechnical parameters of forest soils are improved
substantially by the addition of marble dust. Significant PI reductions occurred with MD
treatment, particularly for high PI soils. Zorluer and Usta (2003) mixed soil samples with
different percentages of marble powder to determine the swelling potential of the samples
based on the dry weight of clay compacted at standard Proctor compaction energy and found
that waste marble powder affected the swelling potential of clay.
Joulani (2012) investigated the effect of stone powder on strength, compaction and CBR
properties of fine grained soil. The variables of research were two additives and three
percentages (10%, 20% and 30%). The direct shear, compaction and CBR tests were
conducted on soil with stone powder. Arora, Ameta and Samar (2014) studied Enhancement
of engineering characteristics by use of marble slurry in Udaipur region It was observed that
the plasticity index and liquid limit decreased while the shrinkage limit increased with
increase in the marble dust percentage in the soil sample. MDD and OMC both decreased
with increases in marble dust percentage.
From CBR test, the optimum percentage of marble dust was found 10 per cent for Kanpur
village area soil and 20 per cent for Ayad village and Fatehpura area of the Udaipur. Muthu
Kumar and Tamilarasan (2015) conducted experimental study on expansive soil with Marble
Powder. From experimental work results were Utilization of waste marble powder may
reduce the disposal problem and preserve the ecological system.

Brief Methodology: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on clay soil
sample by addition of waste marble powder and sand. The effects were studied by taking
measurements of Atterberg’s limits, compaction characteristics, CBR value,
permeability and
shear characteristics.

Material - For this study, samples of clay and sand were collected from Ghazipur and region .
Each sample was dried and passed through IS sieve 4.75 mm before usage Waste stone
powder was collected from stone crusher industry of Madhya pradesh region. It was passed
through IS sieve 75μm before using it for preparing samples.

compaction tests are executed on the same soil in laboratory under similar conditions. The
tests show the relationship between the water content and dry density and the water content
at which the peak dry density is observed from the curve plot is obtained. The tests are
repeated and different corresponding values of dry density and water content are determined
to be used for making the compaction curve. The compaction curve with water content on
abscissa and the corresponding dry density as the ordinate is plotted. The maximum dry
density and optimum water content for various percentages of clay with marble powder and
sand is given in Table. MDD of soil increases and OMC decreases with the addition of sand
and marble powder to clay.

California Bearing Ratio Test – CBR test is executed for the evaluation for checking the
suitability of subgrade and the materials used as subbase and base courses. The results found
are then correlated with the thickness of the different materials that are required for
construction of flexible pavements. The tests were conducted with a prepared specimen in a
mould. The plunger at the rate of 1.25 mm per minute is applied to penetrate the specimen. It
has been observed that generally, the CBR for 2.5 mm penetration is high, but if the CBR for
the 5 mm penetration is greater than that for 2.5 mm then the test shall be repeated. The
specimen was also covered with a surcharge mass in the test to simulate the effect of
overlying materials. California bearing tests were conducted on the samples of clay with
marble powder and sand for both soaked and un-soaked condition. Test results obtained show
that CBR value increases with increase in marble powder and sand in clay
Expected Outcome :
1. The addition of marble powder to clay: (a) reduces the liquid limit (LL), (b) raises
the plastic limit (PL) and shrinkage limit (SL) and (c) reduce the plasticity index
(PI) of soil, and hence swelling potential. The reduction of plasticity index was an
indication of improvement of soil property. Thus marble powder can be utilized
as additives in soil stabilization.

2. The maximum dry density of mix compositions of clay increases with increasing
percentage of marble powder and sand in clay and optimum moisture content
decreases. This occurs due to the reason that the void spaces between the clay
particles are occupied by marble powder and sand particles thus make mix
compact.

3. An increment was observed in CBR values of clay treated with marble powder
and sand in both soaked and un-soaked condition. The improvement in CBR
value may be attributed to better compaction and packing of the mix particles
with addition of sand and marble powder. Thus, clay mixed with sand and marble
powder can be effectively used in the construction of sub-grades of roads.

4. The coefficient of permeability k (cm/sec) decreases with the increase in marble

powder is due to marble powder is non-plastic and having colloidal fractions
which forms gel. On addition of sand permeability increase as it provides more
space to flow.