lj1fg, k|ljlw / :jf:Yo

s]xL j}1flgsx¿
!= cfls{ldl8h – k|of]ufTds lj1fgsf lktf
✓ hGd M O{=k"= @*&
✓ d[To' M O{=k"= @!@
✓ hGd:yfg M lu|;sf] l;l;nL
✓ a'jf M lkmlg; -vuf]nljb\_
✓ k|yflds lzIff M OlhK6sf] cn]Sh]08l/ofdf /x]sf] o'lSn8 laBfno
➢ k|ltkfbg u/]sf l;4fGtx¿ M

;fk]lIft 3gTjsf] l;4fGt lne/sf] l;4fGt k]rsf] l;4fGt

Law of Floatation z'gsf] z'4tf kQf nufpg] ;"o{ / rGb|dfsf] Jof; gfKg]
tl/sf tl/sf
w]/} 7"nf] ;+VofnfO{ ;fgf] kf/L 22
kfO{ sf] dfg - _ a[tsf] If]qkmn / kl/lwsf]
n]Vg] tl/sf 7 ;"q

➢ cflj:sf/ u/]sf a:t'x¿M

l3lg{ P]gf n]G; u'n]nL Water Screw

➢ n]v]sf] k':ts M One the measurement of the circle

➢ k|Voft egfO{ M “Give me a place to stand, I will move the Earth."

36gf M P]gfåf/f k|sf; k/fjt{g u/fO{ zq'kIfsf] hxfhdf cfuf] nufO{ eufPsf
@= Uoflnlncf] UoflnnL
✓ hGd M ;g\ !%^$
✓ d[To' M ;g\ !^$@
✓ hGd:yfg M O6fnLsf] lk;f
✓ a'jf M leG;]Ghf] -ul0ft1, ;+lutsf/_
✓ k|yflds lzIff M ˆnf]/]G;sf] wfld{s laBfno
✓ d]l6«S; kf; M lk;f ljZjlaBfno
✓ u'? M o'lSn8 (Father of Geometry)
➢ kQf nufPsf tYox¿ M

rGb|dfsf] cfÇgf] k|sf; gx'g] k[YjL uf]nf] 5 egL k|dfl0ft -kQf nufpg] M kfOyfuf]/;_

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 Eofs'ddf z'Go u'?Tjan ;'o{sf] jl/kl/ u|xx¿ 3'Dg
rGb|dfsf] vfN8f] -qm]6/_

➢ cflj:sf/ u/]sf a:t'x¿M

6]ln:sf]k k]G8'nd ydf]{ld6/
HofldtLo sDkf; zlg u|x a[x:klt u|xsf pku|x

➢ n]v]sf] k':tsx¿ M
• Little Balance
• The starry Messenger
• Dialogue concerning two principle system of the world
• Dialogue concerning two new substances.

#= ;/ cfO{Hofs Go'6g (Father of Modern Physics)

hGd M ;g\ !^$@
d[To' M ;g\ !&@&
hGd:yfg M a]nfotsf] pN;ay{
:gfts lzIff M l6«lgl6 sn]h -lrqsnf / oGq;DalGw_
➢ kQf nufPsf tYox¿ M

• ;a} u|xx¿ ;'o{tkm{ cfslif{t x'g],

• k[YjLsf] u'?Tjan,

• rfn ;DalGw lgod,

• ;'o{df & /+u x'g],

• k|fO{d]/L / ;]s]08/L /ªsf] klxrfg

➢ k|ltkfbg u/]sf] dfg M

u'?Tjk|j]u (g) sf] dfg : 9.98 m/s2

u'?Tjfsif{0f cr/ /flz (G) sf] dfg : 6.67 × 10-11Nm2/s2
➢ n]v]sf] k':ts M Principia (1687BS) and Optics (1704BS) -Nofl6g efiffdf_
36gf M au}rfdf a;]sf] a]nf ?vaf6 :ofpsf] bfgf v;]sf] b]lv k[YjLsf] u'?Tjan x'G5 egL
vf]hL u/]sf
$= hf]g 8fN6g
hGd M ;g\ !&^^
d[To' M ;g\ !*$$
hGd:yfg M a]nfotsf] OuN;lkmn8 ;x/df
ljBfjfl/wL M cS;kmf]8{ ljZjljBfno

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➢ kQf nufPsf tYox¿ M
• cf0flas l;4fGt

• k|sf;k'~h / k[YjLsf] r'Dalso zlQmlar ;DaGw

• ck"0f{ rfksf] lgod

• kbfy{sf] c0f'leq k|f]6f]g, Go'6f]g / On]S6«f]g /x]sf] s'/f,
• kbfy{sf] ;fgf] s0f k/df0f' xf] h;nfO{ 6'qmfpg ;lsb}g,

➢ s[lt M A new substances of chemical philosophy, Meteorological, Observation and

essay color blindness.
➢ egfO{ M My head is too full of triangles, chemicals properties and electrical
experiments to think much of marriage.
%= dfO{sn km/f8] (Father of Electricity)
hGd M ;g\ !&(!
d[To' M ;g\ !*^&
hGd:yfg M a]nfotsf] n]la+6g
lktf M h]D;
dftf M dfu{/]6
➢ k|d'v cfljisf/x¿ M

h]g]/]6/ kfgL tfGg] d]l;g a]lGhg (C6 H6)

sfa{g ˆnf]/fO8 (CF4) 8fODofUg]l6hd kf/fDofUg]l6hd

➢ k|ltkfbg u/]sf] lgod M Law of Electromagnetic Induction

➢ /fgL Plnhfa]bn] k|bfg u/]sf] ejg M x]D6g sf]6{
➢ l6«lg6L xfp;sf ;Nnfxsf/ ;d]t /x]sf
^= rfN;{ 8fla{g
+ hGd M ;g\ !*)(
+ d[To' M ;g\ !**@
+ hGd:yfg M a]nfot

+ lktf M /a6{
+ dftf M ;';Ggfx

+ pRr lzIff xfl;n M SoflDa|h ljZjljBfno

➢ k|ltkfbg u/]sf l;4fGtx¿ M

+ ljsf;aflb l;4fGt,

+ pTkl/jt{gsf] l;4fGt,
+ afFRgsf] nflu ;+3if{ -dfNy;sf] hg;+Vof l;4fGtaf6 k|efljt eP/_,

+ dflg;sf] k"vf{ afb/ ePsf] tYo,

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➢ k':tsx¿ M
+ The theory of natural selection
+ Origin of Species (1859AD)

+ ;g\ !*#! b]lv ;g\ !*#^ ;Dd % aif{ hxfhaf6 k|s[ltljbsf] x}l;otn] ljZje|d0f u/]sf
+ cWoog u/]sf] r/f M lkmGr
&= n'O{ kfZr/ (Father of Microbiology)
+ hGd M ;g\ !*@@
+ d[To' M ;g\ !*(%
+ hGd:yfg M k|mfG;

+ ljBfjfl/lw xfl;n M Hautes Ecoles gfds ;+:yf

➢ cfljisf/x¿ M
+ /]lah la?4sf] vf]k, -klxnf] k|of]u ( alif{o afndf ld:6/ hf];]kmdf u/]sf_

+ Ifo/f]u la?4sf] vf]k,

)
+ kfZr/fO{h];g lalw -t/n kbfy{nfO{ %% c tfkqmddf cfwf 306f /fv]/ lhjf0f' dfg{] ljlw_

+ xfO8|f]kmf]laofsf] pkrf/ lalw -kfgL b]lv 8/fpg] /f]u_

+ 3fp kfSg] sf/0f JofS6]l/of xf] egL kQf nufPsf,

*= yf]d; cNjf Pl8;g -Father of Scientist_
+ hGd M ;g\ !*$&
+ d[To' M ;g\ !(#!

+ hGd:yfg M cd]l/sfsf] cf]xfof] /fHodf

+ lktf M :ofd'on

+ dftf M gfG;L Olnsf]6

+ afNosfnsf] gfd M Pn

➢ k|d'v cfljisf/x¿ M ;a}eGbf a9L a:t'sf] cfljisf/ -!)(# j6f_

nfp8l:ks/ 6fOk/fO8/ l;g]df k|f]h]S6/ lrd

laB'tLo u|fdkmf]g lddf]u|fkm -Data dt u0fgf laB'tLo

k]g manager_ oGq /]n

+ u|fdkmf]gaf6 Marry had a Little Lamp uLt /]s8{ u/fPsf

+ klxnf] k6s x]nf] zAbsf] k|of]u u/]sf,
+ zfl//Ls ckfª\utf -alx/f]_,
+ cfÇgf] gfd cfkm} lal;{g] a}1flgs,
+ Father of Innovation eg]/ lrlgg],
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 + /]ndf Grand Trunk Herald gfds klqsf a]Ry]
+ ;g\ !()$ df ef}lts zf:qdf gf]a]n k'/:sf/ kfPsf,

+ egfO{ M Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent presentation.

+ cS6f]a/ @! df pgsf] ;Demgfdf / ;Ddfgdf cd]l/sf / Sofg8fdf ! ldg]6 aQL lgefpg]

rng /x]sf] 5 .
(= Dof8d So'/L
+ hGd M ;g\ !*^&
+ d[To' M ;g\ !(#$

+ hGd:yfg M kf]Nof08sf] /fhwfgL af;f{

+ klt M lko/] So'/L
➢ k|d'v cfljisf/x¿ M

+ /]l8od

+ kf]nf]lgod tTj ->Ldfg;“u ldln kQf nufPsf] tTj_

+ 5f]/L cfO/]g / HjfO{“ h'lno6 ldln kQf nufPsf] M X-Radiography

+ ;g\ !(!! df /]l8od kQf nufPsf]n] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ kfPsL,

+ ;g\ !(#% df 5f]/L / HjfO{n] ;d]t gf]a]n k'/;sf/ kfPsf,

+ Blood Cancer sf] sf/0fn] lgwg

!)= cNa6{ cfOG;6fOg

+ hGd M ;g\ !*&(

+ d[To' M ;g\ !(%%

+ hGd:yfg M hd{gLsf] pNd ;x/df

+ lktf M x/dg
+ dftf M kfpnL

+ ljBfjfl/lw M hd{gLsf] Ho'l/r ljZjljBfno

➢ k|ltkfbg u/]sf tYox¿ M

+ Theory of Relativity
+ ljB'lto r'Das / u'?Tjfsif{0fsf k|s[ltsf] ;+of]hg ul/ Unfield Field Theory sf]
cjwf/0ff
+ r]s]:nf]eflsofsf] k|fu ljZjljBfnodf k|Wofks lgo'Qm ePsf,
+ hd{gLsf] gful/stf TofuL cd]l/sf a;]sf,
+ ;g\ !(@! df ef}lts zf:qdf gf]a]n k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf, -Photo electric effect sf]
lgodsf] nflu_
+ dl:tis cd]l/sfsf] lk|:6g c:ktfndf ;'/lIft /x]sf],
!!= u]x]Gb| zd;]/
+ hGd M lj=;+= !(@*
+ d[To' M lj=;+= !(^#
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 + hGd:yfg M ef/tsf] sf]nsQf
+ lktf M jL/ zd;]/

a}1flgs sfo{df of]ubfg M

 !$ jif{sf] pd]/df ;]gfsf] xftxltof/ ljefu k|d'vdf lgo'Qm
 ;]tf] b/jf/df a]nfotL df]8]nsf] xftxltof/ sf/vfgf lgdf{0f
 xftxltof/ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL k|ljwLl;Sg hfkfg uPsf
 h]g]/]6/sf] k|of]u u/L kfgLd'gL alQ afNg] k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
 kmlkm{ª hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f yfngL ;'? u/]sf
 wfg s'6\g] sn lgdf{0f
 afnfh'df 5fnf k|;f]wg sf/vfgf lfdf{0f
 jL/ug, wL/ug / u]ugsf] lgdf{0f

k|d'v j}1flgs cfljisf/ tyf ltgsf cfljisf/sx¿ M

clS;hg hf];]km lk|i6n]
c6f] df]jfOn sfn{ j]Gh
ckm;]6 k|]; O/f /AnL
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Pkm=Pd= P8\ljg cfd{:6ǻ
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sDKo'6/ xd{g kls{ª
j|m]:6f]u|fkm hulbz rGb| af];
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6]lnkmf]g cn]Sh]08/ u|fxd a]n
6]lnlehg h]=Pn= a]o8{
6«fG;kmd{/ dfOsn km/f8]
8fOgfdfO6 cNk|m]8 jg{xf8{ gf]a]n
ydf]{ld6/ Uoflnlnof] UoflnnL
Kof/f;'6 hfFlko/] Anfgrf8{
lk|lG6ª k|]; u'6]g ju{
k]G6\; zflndf/
k]G8'nd 38L lqml:6og xfOh]G;
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 kmfpG6]g k]g jf6/d]g
kmf]6f]skL d]l;g r]:6/ sfn{;g
a]n'g hf];]km df]G6uf]nlkmo/
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dfO{qmf]kmf]g cn]Sh]08/ u|fxd a]n
df]jfOn dfl6{g s'k/
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s;sf lktf sf] M
ljifo lktf ljifo lktf
lj1fgsf lktf cNj6{ cfOG:6fOg ljB't\sf lktf dfOsn km/f8]
j}1flgssf lktf yf]d; cNjf Pl8;g ;dfhzf:qsf cu:6 sfD6]
dgf]lj1fgsf lktf hLg lkofh] lqms]6sf lktf 8An'= hL= u|]8
k|of]ufTds lj1fgsf cfls{ldl8h HofldtLsf lktf o'lSn8
oGqo'usf lktf lnof]gfbf]{bf leGrL lzIffsf lktf hf]g l8j]
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cy{zf:qsf lktf cf8d l:dy /;fogzf:qsf PG6f]OgL
n]ef]Ol;o/
dfgj e""uf]nsf lktf k|m]8l/s /f6\h]n /Qm;~rf/sf lktf ljlnod xfj]{
e""uf]nsf lktf O/]6:y]lgh Prince Of dfOsn kmf/f8]
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ljleGGf ljifoj:t'sf] cWoog ug{] zf:qx¿ M

sL/f km6ofªu|fx¿sf] cWoog PG6f]df]nf]hL
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 j+z0f'ut u'0f ;DaGwL] cWoog h]g]l6S;
k[YjLsf] agfj6 ;DaGwL cWoog lhof]nf]hL
g;f tyf dl:tis;DaGwL cWoog Go"/f]nf]hL
kxf8x¿sf] af/]df cWoog ug]{ lj1fg cf]/f]nf]hL
k|sfzaf/] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg clK6S;
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cWofkg ug]{ snfsf] cWoog k]8fuf]hL
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ef}ltszf:q cWoog lkmlhS;
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jg:kltaf/] cWoog jf]6gL
hLj lj1fg;DaGwL cWoog jfof]nf]hL
/;fogzf:q;DaGwL cWoog s]d]:6«L
hnjfo''sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg SnfOd]6f]nhL
df5f ;DaGwL cWoog lk;LsNr/
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e"sDksf] af/] cWoog l;:df]nf]hL
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df}/Lkfng ;DaGwL cWoog PkLsNr/
afnL lj1fg ;DaGwL cWoog Pu|f]gdL
a|xdf08sf] pTkltsf] af/]df cWoog s:df]nhL
hg;ª\Vof ;DaGwL cWoog 8]df]u|fkmL
/f]ux¿ / ltgsf] pkrf/ ;DaGwL cWoog Olk8]ldof]nf]hL
efO/; ;DaGwL cWoog efO/f]nf]hL
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z/L/sf] ;+/rgfaf/] cWoog Pgf6f]dL
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s'g oGqsf] gfd s] M
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WjgLsf] tLa|tf gfKg k|of]u ul/g] oGq cl8of]ld6/
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 tfksf] kl/0ffd gfKg] oGq Sofnf]/Lld6/
dfbs kbfy{ vfP gvfPsf] a|]ynfO{h/
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;"o{sf] ls/0fsf] tfkLo lta|tf lglZrt ug{] pks/0f PlS6df]ld6/
;f}o{ ls/0f gfKg] oGq kf/x]lnof]ld6/
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tfksf] ljsLs/0fgfKg k|of]u ul/g] oGq /]l8of] dfOqmf]ld6/
jiff{sf] dfqf gfKg] oGq /]g uh
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s]xL wft'x¿ M
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✓ ;a}eGbf ux|f}“ wft' M cf]l:dod
✓ ;a}eGbf xn'sf wft' M lnlyod
✓ t/n cj:yfdf /x]sf] wft' M ds{/L
✓ ;a}eGbf klxn] k|of]udf cfPsf] wft' M tfdf
s]xL Uof;x¿ M
✓ ;a}eGbf xn'sf M xfO8«f]hg
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✓ vfgf ksfpg k|of]u x'g] M Ao'6]g
✓ uf]a/ Uof;sf kfO{g] Uof; M ldy]g
✓ lk|mhdf kfOg] Uof; M Pdf]lgof
✓ df]6/n] kmfNg] Uof; M sfa{g df]gf] cS;fO8
✓ xjfO{hxfhdf k|of]u ul/g] Uof; M lxlnod

s'g tTjsf] sf/0fn] s] x'G5 <

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 sf“qmf]sf] km]b lttf] s's'/le6fl;g ;'o{d'lv k"mn ;'o{lt/ kmls{g] clS;g
dflg;sf] skfn km"Ng] d]n]gf];fO6sf] sld l;:gf]n] kf]Ng] ldyf]gfO8 Pl;8
v';f{gL lk/f] x'g] SofK;fOl;g h'gls/Lsf] k'R5/ aNg] n'l;km]l/g
pv' u'lnof] x'g] ;'qmf]h sldnfn] 6f]Sbf kf]Ng] ldyf]gfOs Pl;8
b'w ;]tf] x'g] s]lhg km"nsf] kq /ftf] aGg] hfGyflkmn
e'ml;nls/f] la‰bf lx:6fleh lj?jfsf] kft xl/of] x'g] Snf]/f]lkmn
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 k|of]u ug{] JolQm M x+u]/Lsf sfn{ O/]sL

 k|of]u ul/Psf] klxnf] If]q M OlhK6df kfp/f]6L / hf“8 agfpg

k|sf/x¿ M
!= k/Dk/fut k|ljlw M bxL, u'Gb|'s, /S;L agfpg]
@= cfw'lgs k|ljlw M 6]:66\o'a , Snf]lgª, l6:o'sNr/
h}ljs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L Rofp pTkfbg ug{] klxnf] b]z M lrg
6]:66\o'a k|lalw M
 z'qmls6 / l8DenfO{ pko'Qm{ jftfj/0fdf ;dfud ul/ $* 306fkl5 dlxnfsf] kf7]3/df
/fVg]
 Recombination of DNA eg]/ lrlgg],

 ljsf; ug{] JolQm M /j6{ Hof]lk|m

 klxnf] 6]:6\6o'a a]lj M n'O; a|fpg, a]nfot - ;g\ !(&* h'nfO{ @%_

 klxnf] g]kfnL 6]:6\6o'a a]lj M cf]ddl0f tfdfª -la=;+= @)^! kmfu'g @)_
Snf]lgª k|lalw
 k|f0fLh:t} ;+/rgf ePsf] csf{] k|f0fL pTkfbg ug'{,

 Snf]lgª k|lalwaf6 hGdfOPsf] klxnf] hgfj/ M 8f]nL gfds e]8f -;g\ !((&, Oofg
ljnd'6sf] 6Ldn]_
l6:o'sNr/ k|lalw
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  lj?jfsf] ;fgf] efuaf6 gof“ lj?jf pTkfbg ug{],
 lasf; ug{] M Habarland
 g]kfndf l6:o'sNr/ k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgf M la=;+= @)#$ -uf]bfj/Ldf_
 g]kfndf l6:o'sNr/ ul/Psf] klxnf] lj?jf M cfn'
 Finger Printing k|of]u u/L ck/fwL kQf nufpg] klxnf] b]z M a]nfot

;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlw

g]kfnsf ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|lalwsf] ljsf; M
➢ x'nfs ;]jfsf] :yfkgf M lj=;+= !(#%
➢ uf]/vfkqsf] :yfkgf M lj=;+=!(%* a}zfv @$
➢ /]l8of] g]kfnsf] :yfkgf M lj=;+= @))& r}q @)

➢ g]kfn cGt/f{li6«o b'/;+rf/ ;+3sf] ;b:o M lj=;+= @)!$ d+l;/ @)

➢ b'/;+rf/ ljefusf] :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)!^

➢ sDKo'6/sf] k|of]u M lj=;+= @)@* (IBM-!$)! gfds, hgu0fgfsf] nflu NofPsf]_

➢ b'/;+rf/ ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)#@ c;f/ !

➢ g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)$! df3 !&

➢ g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] k|;f/0f M lj=;+= @)$@ ;fpg @( -lgoldt k|zf/0f M lj=;+= @)$@ k';
!&_
➢ cGt/f{li6«o 6]lnkm]gsf] ;'?jft M lj=;+= @)$$

➢ b'/;+rf/ k|lws/0fsf] :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%$ kmfu'g @)

➢ df]jfOnsf] k|of]u M lj=;+= @)%^

➢ g]kfndf 5G ;]jfsf] cflGtl/s kl/If0f M lj=;+= @)&( df3 @@ ut]

➢ नेपालमा सुचना प्रविधी पार्कर्ो स्थापना र्ाभेपलाञ्चोर्मा गरिएर्ो छ ।
;+rf/ k|ljlw
OG6/g]6 M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ !(^) -g]kfndf k|of]u ;g\ !(($_
➢ ;+:yfks M l6d ag{/ ln -a]nfot_

Od]n M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ !(&^

➢ ;+:yfks M lzef cfofb'/fO{ -ef/t_

u'un M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ !((*

➢ ;+:yfks M Nof/L k]h / ;u{]O la|g -cd]l/sf_

➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf

➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M ;'Gb/ lkrfO{

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lhd]n M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @))$

➢ ;+:yfks M kn a'l5t

➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf

➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M ;'Gb/ lkrfO{

;fdflhs ;+hfn

km];a's M o'6\o'a M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @))$ km]a'|c/L $ ➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @))% km]a'|c/L !$

➢ ;+:yfks M dfs{ h's/au{ -cd]l/sf_ ➢ ;+:yfks M :6]e r]n , rf8 x'n{] /

➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf hfa]8 sl/d -cd]l/sf_

➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M dfs{ h's/au{ ➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf
➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M ;'hg
cf]lHhs

6\lj6/ M Whatsapp M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @))^ dfr{ @! ➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @))(
➢ ;+:yfks M Hofs 8f];{] / l8s ➢ ;+:yfks M hfg sf]pd / a|]g PS6g
sf]:6f]nf] -o'qm]g_
➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf ➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf
➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M Hofs 8f];{] ➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M hfg sf]pd

Instagram M efOa/ M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)!) cS6f]a/ ^ ➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)!) l8;]Da/ @
➢ ;+:yfks M s]leg l;:6«f]d ➢ ;+:yfks M 6fndf]g dfsL{ / Ouf]/
➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf d]uf lhlGgs
➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M s]leg ➢ d'Vofno M ;fO{k|;

l;:6«f]d ➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M l8hfd]n

cuf}jf

Zoom M l6s6s M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)!! clk|n !! ➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)!^ dfr{ !(

➢ ;+:yfks M Ol/s o'ofg ➢ ;+:yfks M Hofª Oldª -lrg_

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 ➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf ➢ d'Vofno M Soflnkmf]lg{of , cd]l/sf
➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M Ol/s o'ofg ➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M Hofª Oldª

ChatGPT M Deepseek M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)@@ gf]e]Da/ #) ➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)@% hgj/L @)
➢ ;+:yfks M ;fd cN6Dofg ➢ ;+:yfks M lnofª\u j]gkm]n
➢ d'Vofno M ;gk|mflG;;sf] , cd]l/sf ➢ d'Vofno M rLg
➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M ;fd
cN6Dofg

lel8of] u]d
PUBG M Free Fire M
➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)!* dfr{ !( ➢ :yfkgf M ;g\ @)!&
➢ ;+:yfks M a|]8g lu|g] ➢ ;+:yfks M kmf]/]:6 ln
➢ d'Vofno M ;]Gem]ª , lrg ➢ d'Vofno M l;+ufk'/
➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M Rofª\3g ➢ xfn sfo{sf/L k|d'v M kmf]/]:6 ln
lsd

;'rgf tyf ;+rf/;Fu ;DalGwt zAbfjnLsf ;+lIfKt ?k

➢ CPU – Central Processing Unit ➢ ROM – Read Only Memory
➢ CRT – Cathode Ray Tube ➢ RAM – Random Access
➢ CDMA – Code Division Memory
Multiple Access ➢ WAN – Wide Area Network
➢ GPRS – General Packet Radio ➢ URL – Uniform Resource
Service Locater
➢ LED – Light Emitting Diode ➢ WLAN – Wireless Local Area
➢ PAN – Personal Area Network Network
➢ MAN – Metropolitan Area ➢ WIFI – Wireless Fidelity
Network ➢ WPAN – Wireless Personal
➢ IBM – International Business Area Network
Machines ➢ USB – Universal Serial Bus
➢ IT – Information Technology ➢ PC – Personal Computer
➢ ISP – Internet Service Provider ➢ HTML – Hypertext Markup
➢ ICT – Information and Language
Communication Technology

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 ➢ FDD – Floppy Disk Drive ➢ HTTP – Hypertext Transfer
➢ ISDN – Integrated Service Protocol
Digital Network

a}slNks phf{
+ a}slNks phf{ s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf M lj=;+= @)%# sflt{s !*

+ a}slNks phf{sf] k|d'v ;|f]t M ;'o{

+ a}slNks phf{sf] dfq k|of] ul/Psf] 3/ M lh/f] Oglh{ xfp; -k'nrf]sdf 5_

a}slNks phf{sf ;|f]tx¿

+ jfo' phf{ M lta| ultdf axg] xfjfsf] k|of]u ul/ pTkfbg ul/Psf] phf{,

+ g]kfndf jfo' phf{sf] k|of]uaf6 lah'nL lgsflnPsf] 7f“p M d':tfªsf] sfua]gL

+ h}ljs phf{ M lhjhGt', jg:klt / ltgLx¿af6 lgisf;g ePsf kbfy{x/sf] k|of]u ul/

pTkfbg ul/g] jfof] df; / jfof] Uof;,

+ jfof] df; M jg:ktLaf6 pTkGg kbfy{,

• jfof]Uof; -uf]a/ Uof;_ M lhjhGt'sf] dnd'q ljR5]bg u/fO{ pTkfbg ul/g] Uof;_
• g]kfndf jfof] Uof;sf] k|of]u M ;g\ !(&$÷&%
• uf]j/ Uof;df kfO{g] Uof; M ldy]g
• of] Uof; xfjfeGbf @) u'0ff xn'sf x'G5 .
+ Go'lSno/ phf{ M tTjsf] k/df0f'df /x]sf] Go'lSno;sf] ;+of]hg / ljR5]bgaf6 pTkfbg

ul/g] phf{,
+ Hof/ef6 phf{ M ;d'b|df p7\g] hjf/ef6sf] ;xfotfn] pTkfbg ul/g] phf{,

+ lhof]yd{n phf{ M k[YjLsf] leqL efudf /x]sf] tfkzlQmnfO{ pkof]u ul/ pTkfbg ul/g] phf{,

+ -g]kfndf lhof]yd{n ohf{sf] ;|f]t l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf /x]sf] 5 ._

+ ;f}o{ phf{ M ;'o{af6 k|fKt ul/g] phf{,

+ hnljB't phf{ M hnsf] pkof]u dfkm{t pTkfbg ul/g] phf{,

s|d ljsf;
k'/fgf hLjaf6 gof“ hLj pTkGg x'g] k|lqmof s|d ljsf;sf l;2fGtsf k|df0fx¿ M
!= hLjfz]ifaf6 k|fKt k|df0f M
➢ kq r6\6fgdf w]/} jif{ klxn] d/]sf j:t', hLjhGt' / jg:kltsf] s'g} c+z jf efux? 5fksf]
?kdf /x]sf x'G5g\, h;nfO{ hLjfz]if elgG5 .
➢ of] qmd ljsf;sf] alnof] cfwf/ xf],

➢ kq] r6|6fgsf] tNnf] efudf ;fwf/0f jgfj6 ePsf / dflyNnf] efudf :tgwf/L hLjsf]
hLjfz]; kfOPsf] 5 .
@= t'ngfTds zl//sf] /rgfaf6 k|fKt k|df0f M
➢ ;wdL{ c+ux¿ M

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 • ;lhjdf kfOg] c+ux¿ h;sf] pTklt Pp6} x'G5 t/ km/s km/s sfdsf] nflu k|of]u
ul/g] c+u,
• dflg;sf] xft, 3f]8fsf] cuf8Lsf] v'6\6f, rd]/f]sf] kv]6f, Xj]nsf] v'6\6f cuf8Lsf]

xf8sf] ;+/rgfn] hgfj/x¿ s'g k'vf{ ;d'xaf6 ljsl;t ePsf] xf] egg] tTo k'li6
x'G5 .
➢ cjz]iffÍaf6 k|fKt k|df0f M

• xfd|f] zl//sf] c¨x¿sf] k|of]u gePsfn] lgis[o eP/ /x]sf x'G5g\ eg] s]xL cÍ

cGo hgfj/df ljsl;t / sfo{d"ns x'G5g\ , o:tf gd"gfsf] ?kdf dfq ePsf
c+unfO{ cjz]iffͨ elgG5 .
• o:tf lhjsf k"vf{x¿ s:tf lyP / s'g k|hftLaf6 ljsl;t ePsf lyP eGg] k|df0f

lbG5 .
➢ b'O{ ju{ljrsf hgfj/af6 k|fKt k|df0fx¿ M

• k|foM hLjx¿sf] cfsf/ / Joaxf/df s]xL c+zdf tNnf] ju{sf hLjhGt' / dflyNnf]

au{sf hLjhGt' ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'G5g\ .

• o; k|df0fn] a9L ljsl;t hgfj/x¿ sd ljsl;t hgfj/x¿af6 ag]sf] k|df0f
lbG5 .
➢ e|'0f ;DalGw k|df0f M

• d]?b08 ePsf hgfj/x¿sf] k|f/lDes cj:yfx¿sf] cWoog ubf{ lgs} ;dfgtf

kfO{G5,
• df5f, s5'jf s'v'/f, dflg; cfbLsf] ;'?sf] e|'0fsf] agfj6 Pp6} x'G5,

• o; k|df0fn] d]?b08 ePsf hgfj/x¿ Pp6} k"vf{af6 ljsl;t ePsf] k|df0f lbG5 .

s|d ljsf;sf l;2fGtx¿M

n]dfs{sf] l;2fGt
➢ n]dfs{ Ps k|mfG;]nL bfz{lgs x'g,
➢ pgn] ;a{k|yd qmd ljsf;sf] l;2fGt k|ltkfbg u/]sf x'g\,

➢ pgn] cfÇgf] l;2fGt ;g\ !*)( df Philosophies Zoologique eGg] k':tsdf k|sflzt
u/]sf lyP,
➢ pgn] cfÇgf] l;2fGtdf 5f]6f] 3f“6L ePsf lh/fkmsf] 3f“6L nfdf] s;/L eof] eGg] jf/] JofVof
u/]sf 5g\ .
➢ n]dfs{sf l;2fGtx¿ M

• jftfj/0fsf] k|ToIf k|efj,

• k|fKt u'0fx¿df ;Gtfgsf] k|;f/0f,
rfN;{ 8fla{gsf] l;2fGt
➢ qmd ljsf;sf lktf
➢ pgn] Origin of Species gfds k':ts ;g\ !*%( df k|sfl;t u/]sf lyP,
➢ pgsf] l;2GtnfO{ k|fs[lts 5gf]6sf] l;2fGt klg elgG5,

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 ➢ pgn] cl3 ;f/]sf cjwf/0fx¿ M
• cToflws ;Gtfg pTkfbgsf] Ifdtf,
• af“Rgsf nflu ;+3;{,
• kl/a[t / a+zh,
• k|fs[lts 5gf]6,
• gof“ k|hftLsf] pTklQ
-kl/a[t M Pp6} hftLdf b]vf kg{] c;dfgtf_
Xo'uf] l8 le|hsf] l;2fGt M
➢ Xo'uf] l8 le|h g]b/Nof08sf jg:ktL lj1 x'g\,
➢ pgn] ;g\ !()! df pTkl/jt{gsf] l;2fGt k|ltkfbg u/]sf lyP,
➢ pgn] cfÇgf] vf]h Evening Prime Rose df u/]sf lyP,
➢ pgsf cg';f/ gof“ hLjsf] pTklQ kl/jt{gaf6 geO{ pTkl/jt{gaf6 x'G5,
➢ pTkl/jt{g ;DalGw Xo'uf]sf l;2fGtx¿ M
• gof“ hftLsf] pTklQ pTkl/jt{gaf6 x'G5,
• pTkl/jt{gsf PSsfl; gof“ u'0f b]vfk5{g\ / tTsfn sfo{d"ns x'G5g\,
• pTkl/jt{g csf{] a+zdf ;g{ ;S5,
• kl/a[lQ w]/} ePdf gof“ hftLsf] pTklQ x'G5,
• pkof]uL kl/a[lt ePsf hLjx¿ cl:tTjdf /xG5g\ / cg'kof]uL kl/a[lt ePsf hLjx¿
cl:tTj ljlxg x'G5g\ .
d]08n
➢ Father of Genetics
➢ kQf nufPsf] lgod M a+zf0f'ut u'0fx¿ ;Gtfgdf ;b{] hfG5,
➢ a+zf0f'ut u'0f ;DalGw k|of]u u/]sf] lj?jf M s]/fp

➢ s]/fpsf] lj?jf k|of] ubf{ cfwf/ dfg]sf u'0fx¿ M

• lj?jfsf] prfO{ M cUnf] / xf]rf]

• lj?jfsf] /ª M kx]nf] / xl/of]

• cfsf/ M uf]nf] / rfpl/psf]

• km'nsf] /ª M a}hgL / ;]tf]

• sf];fsf] /ª M xl/of] / kx]nf]

• sf];fsf] cfsf/ M kf]l6nf] / v'lDrPsf]

• kmnsf] :yfg M sfk / 6'Kkf]

d]08nn] cfÇgf] k|of]udf s]/fpsf] af]6 5fGg'sf] sf/0f M
➢ w]/} hf]8f km/s u'0f x'g] ePsf]n]

➢ ljp pdfg{ ;lhnf],

➢ lhjg rqm 5f]6f],

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 ➢ cfjZostf cg';f/ k/k/fu;]rg u/fpg ;lsg] ePsf]n] .
d]08nsf lgodx¿ M
k|antfsf] lgod M
• z'4 u'0f ePsf dfp hLjlar k/fu;]rg u/fpbf klxnf] a+zdf k|an u'0f dfq b]vf k5{
h;nfO{ k|antfsf] lgod elgG5 ,
• klxnf] a+zdf b]vf gkg{] tyf cGo a+zdf b]vfkg{] u'0fnfO{ n'Kt u'0f elgG5,
• xl/of] / kx]nf] /¨ epsf s]/fplar k/fu;]rg u/fpbf klxnf] a+zdf ;a} s]/f kx]nf] x'g'
k|an u'0f xf] eg] xl/of] gb]lvg' n'Kt u'0f xf] .
➢ n}lª\us z'4tfsf] lgod M
• klxnf] a+zdf l7dfxf b'O{ km/s u'0f;“u} g/x]klg cfÇgf] df}lnstf gu'dfO{ z'4 /x]sf x'G5g\
ha l7dfx Uofd]6 aG5, ta ldof]l;; sf]if ljefhg x'bf dfp sf]ifdf /x]sf z'4 jf l7dfx
a+zf0f' 5'6\l6P/ k|To]s Uofd]6df z'4 u'0f dfq hfg] k|lqmofnfO{ nl}¨s z'4tfsf] lgod
elgG5 .
• h:t} klxnf] a+zdf k|fKt cUnf] lj?jfdf :jk/fu;]rg u/fpbf l7dfxf a+zf0f'x¿
5'6\l6Psf]n] g} bf];|f] a+zdf cUnf / xf]rf b'a} k|sf/sf s]/fpsf lj?jfx¿ b]lvPsf x'g\ .
• hxf“ cUnf / xf]rfsf] cg'kft # M ! x'G5 .

➢ :jtGq u'0f k|;f/0fsf] lgod M

• klxnf] a+zdf ePsf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf w]/} hf]8fdf /x]sf km/s u'0fx¿ bf];|f] a+zdf
x:tfGt/0f x'bf k|To]s hf]8Lsf km/s u'0fx¿ :jtGq ?kdf cfÇgf] k|efj b]vfp5g\ o;nfO{
g} :jtGq u'0f k|;f/0fsf] lgod elgG5 .
• o; lgod cg';f/ Ps k|sf/sf] u'0fnfO{ csf{] k|sf/sf] u'0fn] s'g} k|efj ub{]g .

lhgf]6fOk M
➢ lhjx¿sf] leqL?kdf b]vf kg{] u'0f

➢ cg'kft

• z'4 cUnf] M l7dfxf cUnf] M z'4 xf]rf] ≠ ! M@ M !

lkmgf]6fOk M
➢ lhjx¿sf] aflx/L ?kdf b]vf kg{] u'0f
➢ cg'kft

• cUnf] M xf]rf] ≠ # M !
DNA :
➢ k"/f gfd M Deoxy Ribo Nuclic Acid
➢ a+zf0f'ut u'0f ;f5{
➢ Go'lSno;df kfO{G5 .
RNA :
➢ k"/f gfd M Ribo Nuclic Acid
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 ➢ k|f]l6g ;+:n]if0f u5{,
➢ Go'lSno; / ;fO6f]KnfHddf kfO{G5 .
➢ df]gf]xfOla|8 qm; M Ps dfq km/s u'0f ePsf lj?jflar k/fu;]rg
➢ 8fOxfOla|8 qm; M b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L km/s u'0f ePsf lj?jflar k/fu;]rg
➢ kl/a[t M Pp6} hftLdf b]vf kg{] c;dfgtf

hg:jf:Yo, /f]u, vfB / kf]if0f

+ hg:jf:Yo zAbsf] klxnf] k|of]u M ;g\ !*$)

+ hg:jf:Yo ;DalGw sfg'g agfpg] klxnf] b]z M a]nfot -;g\ !*$*_
+ ;'?jft M x}hf dxfdf/Laf6
+ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs M wf/f #%
+ g]kfndf :jf:Yo ;DalGw sfo{qmdsf] ;'?jft M kfFrf}F of]hgfb]lv
+ :jf:Yo lbj; M kmfu'g !%
+ g]kfnn] @) jif]{ :jf:Yo gLlt cjnDag u/]sf] M lj=; @)%$
+ ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf] :yfkgf M ;g\ !($* clk|n &
+ g]kfn WHO sf] ;b:o M ;g\ !(%# ;]K6]Da/ @
+ WHO sf] k|wfg sfof{no M h]g]ef, :jL6h/Nof08
+ g]kfndf lgz'Nk kfO{g] cf}ifwLsf k|sf/x? M (* j6f

:j:y dflg;df x'g'kg{]

tfkqmd M #&)C ÷(*=^) F gf8Lsf] ult M &@÷ldg]6 d'6'sf] tf}n M @%) u|fd

/Qm;+rf/ M !@)÷*) mmhg :jf;k|Zjf; b/ M !*÷ldg]6 qmf]df]hf]d M @# hf]8f

dflg;df zl// ljz]if c+u

;a}eGbf 7"nf] xf8 M km]d/ - ;a}eGbf ;fgf] xf8 M :6]K; - ;a}eGbf 7"nf] u|GyL M sn]hf]
lt3|f_ sfg_
;a}eGbf 8"nf] tGt' M 5fnf d[To'kl5 ;a}eGbf l9nf];Dd
sfd ug{] c+u M sfg

dfgj z/L/sf xf8x? -hDdf M @)^ j6f_

xft / v'§f M !@) j6f d]?b08df M ## j6f s/ªdf M @$ j6f
sfFwsf] xf8x? M $ j6f k]lNes xf8 M @ j6f 5fltsf] xf8 M ! j6f
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 • dfgj zl//df kfOg] /Qmsf]ifnfO{ # ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
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 ?3fvf]sL /fOgf] efO/;
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dn]l/of AMT -Abbreviated d'6' ;DaGwL EKG, ECG
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Mumps and Rubella
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cfuf] b]Vbf nfUg] 8/ Pyrophobia lj]bzLx¿b]lv nfUg] 8/ Xenophobia
k'n tg{af6 nfUg] 8/ Gephyrophobia PSn} x'Fbf nfUg] 8/ Autophobia
v]nf}gfaf6 nfUg] 8/ Pediophobia km"nx¿af6 nfUg] 8/ Authophobia
s]6fs]6Laf6 nfUg] 8/ Pedophobia df5faf6 nfUg] 8/ Ichthyophobia
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bfx|L b]Vbf nfUg] 8/ Pogonophobia ;k{af6 nfUg] 8/ Ophidiophobia
lxpFaf6 nfUg] 8/ Chianophobia lstfax¿af6 nfUg] 8/ Bibliophobia
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