Scribd
Upload
11 views24 pages

Problems On Solid State Physics

The document discusses various aspects of crystalline and non-crystalline solids, including their structural properties, bonding types, and physical characteristics. It highlights the differences between ongoing and crystalline solids, the significance of atomic cohesion, and the impact of bonding on material properties. Additionally, it touches on concepts such as lattice structures, atomic bonds, and the effects of temperature on molecular arrangements.

Uploaded by

rinzuala92.rr
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
11 views24 pages

Problems On Solid State Physics

The document discusses various aspects of crystalline and non-crystalline solids, including their structural properties, bonding types, and physical characteristics. It highlights the differences between ongoing and crystalline solids, the significance of atomic cohesion, and the impact of bonding on material properties. Additionally, it touches on concepts such as lattice structures, atomic bonds, and the effects of temperature on molecular arrangements.

Uploaded by

rinzuala92.rr
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
1) Mole dls mathe {= ae pet / Teg feror_/ Ott —/ Na eb=c a=B=/ Heaopral “ arbre y Cubic. a b4e - Ja rbée [bile duo difpences beween ongoing andl von ~cupitalline solids Gjae use exampks fnew Coystellive Solida = Non ~ Cusine Glits + They hue 2 well-defined — | a Thay do mot hove a well -fefincol tat which | oy sharp melting therefore they ajraseally andl shal anelting, pein: ‘the oadorly structone callepses fan OVA a Ange of temperatUres. abvuplly nin 9 Agu “I meg ; “hs ge. grisatnp je pepato) + ‘They ne zatropic. ie properties like like sepractive infer hora anal | repracve ince raed, avol condectiarh conductivity con VV) cbpenetng oe germrally prime. cell uth » bas of hue toms contain? 3 oboms Cpeghone opts Torey comts shuctune « Discuss why 2 homaycomh snuctune an BD Carmo be comsiderecl 2 Branais batice? Decribe 9 svibble bevy OM find primitive lattice vectors 2rd ecipnocal lattice vectors . Five the Rea of the Wignar-Suity al FY honeycomb latize cannot be considered a Baava's lattice became eoch latice point dies out hyve the Same sunoonding ormple, ype carsden point A wel B , thes) do mot hve the Same sumounaing The. suitable hiee vecims ‘6 given mothe ane ant is lettice vectors ane given boy ay> (34) The reciprocal lattice veetons me. gen by b, = AN Be xay Ay. Ax) be =AT As xdy (Axa) whent, zk - = a4 a 6 fewts =a 3S 7741 -Bay © o1 o * 7 «+ _\4 kK a a Aro-| a ai -Gay aa 3 at 5 1-8, ai -25)-(-4%-B)) “a GB) i he wea qh Wap Seity alg ofson by yk art = aa ° eas = Bah) =a Elaborote inectional atone aomic bonds i physial pmponis. of a imeane How ds apt Blechons lve in [Link], which in general re mot sphewally cage, Hoe 1 bonding, aioe. of covets bonds. is hi irectional ecase covalent Wer io {pmedl othe orerlap of these atomic onbitols. Thonipne in covet Ypords, bons cam be jpmed only specie points. &y: Diamond: Zach catbom oom ondinges 5p? hybadigotion , fori foun sieorgy ‘eiohedraly cela bords fp J Silicon: Similan sp bonding ges silicom a diamond cvbic. epuctone, with strona, dinctiona) bonds. Tmpocts on phusieal propetian: Rigel, ara Hardoess: Tr motels with SHrongy dinection al bonds (ike divmond) the bond angles and disterces ‘x fired by the orbital overlaps. Rrittlenees : Matoiets with very dinctiomal bonding eh. less able to gecommedie. dekarmatiom becavie bonds must be broken precisely along, aantaim ainections. Elechical aw “*howel praties: The Avectional Voreling, cletowine ths zkctronle ard opp thane auall defined bt sep io prdveed Also, 4 Nighy imlorcomnected directionally Tbondecl spuctunes, vibaations (yomons) can vrgwal vere) ofgecively lomo, th well comgc tol pathway and hence. Thoma comdve tivity i¢ Sona. 40. What is the nde 4 eectromeptity in atomic bomaling ? When “hi atoms on amolecules vith lye aiponnce in ckeboregstitos oma , the bord formed sheds tb be nie. tin mate, however wher tuo afoms on molec ruith small ciffewrce bn elechomegptivites ber the bel formel fords ib be 5 covert boro). Wn if the shot electnoms 1s onegval jit leads to poln ad oe aang ae Is agra] thn it leads mon= pln covalent bors Electno epi Oui fences between bonded yloms can CHW a anpiecale to have Tegioms with pertial postive ardnegativae choye \ Polarity, caused ekennmenstivih alifenences cing, pal my ; fluences 8 ald apres Vike huplaaqen Wording © dlpole clipe which ofgect properties Whe Bort) wre omtling points. imtanactions » " Pr views of tonic. “bondinn,, ep ae ‘ey: Poin why mets mre apt cordetons of ebelnkity els form oype of boning calld metic bonding in hich aloms nekase come of thein outer elctnoms , which become cklecalgd ard feat ely ‘thaghot the owstaline botice. These detrcaliced elecums Form 9 "sea" thet parmeates the Structire; thee one. mot bovnd to amy specific atom. When an astral chee fell is applied, thse face electans can move eaily 1 resulting, in high ekehrical condvetvity, Unlike covalent bomds, which ane hil anecion al (deponctg on onbital velop im specific orientations), the bonds in anetals xe non - Ainctions . Trefpne, @ 2 metal is dedprmecl (fon exomple hammured & holled) , the metal dome aan slide part each ofher. “te Aelocalized Clecthon ave" emaing infact even a the ony shift positions. Ths ably te tegrenae without Draaking the overall koncling metoon k i wha amakes ometels malleable anol avetik. What is anegnt by atomic cohesion 2 White fu oafesial propeities gents, ahoric cohesiom in sdlials 7 toi. cobesiom neprs ‘i the. othactive dprees Thet eld atoms “eth within 2 omaieia . Ltd a measure 4 how thong ly the gems oy molecules in 9 solid mR bomded to exch thr. Thee foresee pom cremicel bords (eq. cotalent, ionic or metalic: berely) and invronolecula initactions, contiteting to the material's, structuya/ ‘eteopity and stability, Ting omatenal properes thet quently atomic. cahesion im soleds Her 1. Cohesive Enotay Tis is the enor huquined tb separate atoms bn 9 Scie ino individual. Bolottd ators . Tt agflets the. Sheth of the donating dprces in the omateniol. 2 Young's Maduls ( Eleotic Maolis): This preperty omessuren the tiffs of 9 Sl areferiol avd inaliecty dindheales the stronmth of The amit boring buy qwralifying, The wabbtmet fo cleformartion unter applied stun. Consiving, moire Af, bering bets toms, exten why ice. oak om wale Tm water mokcule , the Aypbogen atom oat he Ouygen stons at held trgeihen by oly the weak hyglagon bonding elven the meget charged oxygen atoms gral te pesitiely chargedt atoms, Since TAL athaction in mot strona Gnbugh, it elbus the bends fe constantly Ineok atoning the mopaules to amove rely aloming 9 amore paked cenfiquntion 4 the molecules resulting in hoon analy. Hewpwen , at low /free sing tempastnes , the Ayahogen bords 7 Shera enah % foun 2 proper structure a Te | amttion of amolecsles sow down with tomphratent. Since fhe | Ayabroger bend formed ae directiona/ 1 certetn porto, it pons | 9 spate gpertiniea| swcwn ( hexagpral) which is: ess clensely pxtedl. As 9 pelt ice floats On waren. Eaphein whey oprmaniom 3 anach lighted than tin fon the = Volume despite their Blomic. meses axe méarly he sare. Gerwmeriom cryshlligss tn the cligmond cubic. shuchvre, im which each elom & covelently bended in 3 tevroheanal geemehy, Although this Spuciine is higply symonretiial, it is relatively open compta to chse- packed stuctors. Ths oteme packing focio (APE) is only about 0.34 This ameans thot only doughy BY of the volume actualy cecvpieal by the atoms, with the Aemaining Space beng void Tin, onthe other hand, Capeliys im 9 metic stuctore thet 5 substantially acne densely packed . Ah amttallic. bonelirg alerny ‘rol to pack mare clatly teogthen becouse me ae kk men-cinectional ard fhe ekchons se Aelocalrgct. Thiy Results in 29 pen APE compited to the open gliamend stuctne of gewnanioon « Mone atoms per ent velvme anean Prot fhe same vole contarns signifpcontl Nt 100). Tuo identical soleh safe. cystal Cubes © arch B of ferent materials 4 edge lerafh Bom in ain wer tmmorsed in bottom af gwabrfiled tk ualth hydrostaic pleawre Tt war jem that He cage Airyh rediceed fo ) 2.944 Oem fer A ont to 2.9900 om for B. Caleulote ction in | both sittetons. Th, onakual of whith ball hao by bk medals 7 Which amatetial eo op compoeesibilty 2 7 We have, & = Som An = 49400 Ag = &-1400 om Vo = 83 om® Vp = (29940) =(3- 0.001)° S 3° (1-092) Ge 0-97" 1-30] = 270.084 = 26.973 Vp = (2.2400)° =(3- 0-01)? 5 = 9 (1-est) 3% (1-0.01) = AF-0-aF 26.43 u uw 2 AYa= Va-\s = 84-173 -27 =-0-0047em? = Ava. Ve >°0:0027 0.0001 2 ae ad AVg = 467337 = Oat So = Ave Ve = 70.27 oF 270.01 © Since. ditadion io smeiiin for A its bulk omodlos is [get anol sree compreibility io vere of bulk amoclelis , #32 a is smalla jon A pee | Merk true on fate am elon to X-ray lifradtion anc reciprocal lottice. J, Ab= G whe DK is chonge in wave vecton Of iy pelos amd G is o redprocal lattice vec, “True. I. Brags lou is a shlement Jon imebatic. X-ray scateinay False a. Ary incident X-ray with wave vector feminating, eft Baillaion sone boumaary ootisfied Brung's condition. True. B. Pimorph ows, mmotoiels show 2 Vey ship X-nan Atfacton patizan Fle Choose the comect strtement ragpdirg popeeptom of alti waves ng solid. a) Eleatic. wove Gm ahuays be ether longitialinal or Jpranawrot im rehAL Fase b) The elastic. nore, clensity ia» eprrhatic function 04 shana in Aimer ZpRERMAIN Fae True. o) Jn geval wncdllli_ of clanticityy matrix Troe A) Spurd velocity & obsays the same im all otgsbilogpephic. clrechions yn a sold False elommts of 3A 3. dimerdional a anamaw beam of X-rays with wavelonath | 5A is refecded fom a dowic cugtal with am fee Tattior Owetune with a density o 332 jens ®. “The amolecula wwtight is 108 amy (om = 1.66 x/0"*} ) a) What Is the lattice conshot, b) What is Hat sine of the angle ceonmsponding, to [1] We have, Qe 5A P=3-33 a0 M = log R166 x0 B= 4 (4foa fee) a= 2xM 4 K10R XUb6X10 LAE 33k = 6x(0 %, 2 6A fy Using) Bray's bows Bang no = Calevlate Peering dpcton of NaCl cute warming % amal 4> % nedvs of No* ol CL” tom a ne aR Ds ea [ CN oO ry) bt DAA SR A= Axa 4 axa = 6 => V=arer? Ral fin = Cane + rR) Alba? 1/51 (a+ an) Bsa (M+ 8h) abr? 20 Had otic. of madtis R an ‘Praryed in two -alimensional Pianeta ittice What 1S the festionsl mea occupted by the dies im the cheest prble packing? [he Pinole m ap owe] ‘tmfe] Pha} dice = 3x mR within “the triangle 6 = ney a * ; ; Preoot de ALB, C within te Mirada _ Ya oR : Hom = (eo o dec A,B,C within “he Wir = s cr Pking focon Awrvot ‘Wen le BR eli ar = 0.406 a. Sodium Chioiele NeCl austl is a dee -corred cubic lattie , with a bais consisting, of Na amd CL” ioms separated hy half the becly cliagoma) ci umit cube. Which of ‘the ples comes porcling to the Miller indices given below will mot aire nise. to Bray aefectiom 4 X-rays? (2&0) , (24), (aan) , (319), (4 24) Smee the gjen Ougel 1s 4 fee, the cordltion Rak ete cen aust be satisfied fon Bragg reflection fo occu Fer (240), h-% ,k=2, fo hak = araro = 4 (ever) Fon (242), hea k= L2a haksf= aratr = 8 ww) Fon(2ar), h=2 her t=1 pertd =A4art=5 (ost) Fon (311), hea k= Ae4 hated =S4rea = 5 (ord) Fon(4 2a), h=4 ke 4-1 heked = 4424777 (ool) “ Only (220) awa (2449) will prdive Bras aeflection Find the Thrash pdr dance m9 BCC (Boy Cre) with lottice conshety 2. wire dh de dy mete fit see ona itch closest neighbor moet Distree letween ABa. dy = J laa eat ={ otatay = (Ra The beavis vectons of @ Two-dimensional Bnavais lattice se | rn zPt BZ md A= 22 - BF Find recipaoce| | Jatice vectpns. We have; | a = a | & = 4h +B eh - 8} thoy »we have a 1 = aT Sa XCy + = at es ney &.(Grxk) ea: (2x8) 4 Chesina, €5 =4 = = aK ez neg 2 |r mel =" Bi 44 oo 4 32 i 4 eV Gi -) a as =|n m2) 2 24 oo . Baty z 4 el = act +4) si 44 _ oe (BEL 4 A= an (BATekR) “iB 7 Cis) e) = AT OR7-3) e = anBiry e; = WMBi-4 12 ne pe EP OBiH5 Gf Ei md Se ae the apr! [abice vecton of th eM a4. | The behice parameters 9b, ¢ of an onttortom bic ystel te r€lte by 2-ab= 3c. Find fhe bntorpbra> separation between fhe (110) planes 4m onits ef 2 (opto time clecimal plrey), We hen , A=ah = 3c | =? b= SB md c= 4 | a 3 grol since the plane io (110) , we Mane Rede hel oo | ~The antorplara? seperation Between the (170) planea given by 4 Ano = + a, ia rt h 3 ' = ao >» 5 n O4u4t a Cordider a simple cubic. momoatomic. Pnavais lotic which has 2 esis cuith vectors =O and Fy : 20 +9 +4) 14 by the loltice parameter The Bragg reflection Is obsewed due fo the Hemae an fhe wane vecton belweon the trctolent ond the scattered heom 2 giver by kK, = 6, +n.G, +m, G, we GG, vind G, ane Prnitivg Aeciprocal lattice vectors . far 23, 1,2 3,322 , Colulete fhe pometnial Lecture feet. Shuctune -facton F(6) io given by Els) ~E 40% f 5 atomie frm -pcton of the tem s Ary G iy rtciprncal [attice veclons a4 2 baris vector Fon slomple cubic , the \panis reo gre Gry) _ 6,16" Gar Se es eI) eer fue) The reciprocal latte verton to gyren by k, = m6, trl, ty Gy * 4 wuhene Gy= ant 1 6, =a Md me3 ,m.=3 1 73=2 wt a “ > ht 23.404 43-28 12.40% 2 @ (31 13} + Bal) Fon a Gum 2 AT (58434 128). (4 (i454) _ 0 (hepan} = 49 a iG a e4 e = 6050 t 1%nB coon 4 Find oa. ners Cy" Y F(6) =F (rry) . ag

You might also like