Ques 7. Name the major storage form of carbohydrates in animals.
a. Starch
b. Chitin
c. Glycogen
d. Cellulose
Ans. c) Glycogen
Explanation: The major storage form of carbohydrates in animals is glycogen. It is
mostly found in the muscles and the liver of animals. A highly branched form of
amylopectin, here, branching occurs after every 10 glucose residues. It is also an
essential energy reserve found in some microorganisms like bacteria. Glycogen
gets broken down into glucose whenever energy is required by the body.
Ques 8. The only carbohydrate which does not have any chiral carbon atoms
is
a. Glyceraldehyde
b. Erythrose
c. Dihydroxyacetone
d. Erythrulose
Ans. c) Dihydroxyacetone
Explanation: The carbonyl group of Dihydroxyacetone is on carbon number 2. It is
a simple ketone sugar. All sugars except for dihydroxyacetone have stereoisomers
as they have at least one chiral carbon. A chiral atom can be defined as a carbon
atom that makes its bonds with four different types or groups of atoms.
Ques 9. What is the name of the drug which inhibits the Na+/K+ pump across
the cell membrane?
a. Taxol
b. Quinone
c. Vinblastine
d. Ouabain
Ans. d) Ouabain
Explanation: A common glycoside, ouabain inhibits the action of enzymes that
pump Na+/k+ ions across cell membranes. Glycosides are formed by condensation
between monosaccharides. When the anomeric hydroxyl group of a monosaccharide
undergoes condensation with the hydroxyl group of a second molecule, the
formation of glycosides takes place.
Ques 10. Sugars which differ from each other only around a single carbon
atom are called epimers.
a. True
b. False
Ans. a) True
Explanation: Common sugars are mostly similar. The basic difference among them
is at a single carbon atom i.e. differing by stereochemistry. A carbohydrate,
epimers vary in one position for the placement of the -OH group. For eg: D-glucose
and D-galactose. An epimer differs in configuration at only one chiral centre.
Ques 11. A molecule of amylopectin contains 1500 glucose residues and is
branched after every 30 residues. How many reducing ends are there?
a. 5
b. 0
c. 2
d. 1
Ans. d) 1
Explanation: Amylopectin is an α -glucose residue joined by both α (1→4) linkages
and α (1→6) branch points. Along a chain of α (1→4) linked glucose, branches occur
at every twelve to thirty residues. Hence, amylopectin has one reducing end and
many nonreducing ends. So, no matter how many residues are there, a molecule of
amylopectin has only one reducing end.
Ques 12: Which of the following glycosidic linkages is found in maltose?
a. Glucose (α-1 – 2β) Fructose
b. Glucose (α1 – 4) Glucose
c. Galactose (β1 – 4) Glucose
d. Glucose (β1 – 4) Glucose
Ans. b) Glucose (α1 – 4) Glucose
Explanation: In maltose, α-1, the 4-glycosidic bond is present as the α- an anomeric
form of C-1 on one sugar and hydroxyl oxygen atom on C-4 of other sugar are joined
by glycosidic linkage. Formed between a sugar molecule, or carbohydrate and -OR
group, glycosidic linkages are covalent bonds.
Ques 13: Which of the following sugars gives positive results with the
Seliwanoff test?
a. Galactose
b. Glucose
c. Sucrose
d. Mannose
Ans. c) Sucrose
Explanation: A chemical test which is used to find out the difference between
aldose and ketose sugars is called Seliwanoff's test. During the test, if the solution
gives a red colour, then it is considered a positive result i.e. keto sugar is present in
the solution.
Ques 14. Oligosaccharides linked to proteins are called
a. Glycolipids
b. Glycoproteins
c. Galactosides
d. Ganglioside
Ans. b) Glycoproteins
Explanation: Proteins in which oligosaccharide chains form covalent bonds
with amino acid side chains are known as Glycoproteins. They are said to be
glycosylated since they are found attached to proteins. Oligosaccharides are
carbohydrates that are formed when 3-6 units of monosaccharides or simple sugars
are joined together.
Ques 15. Which of the following Biomolecules is simply referred to as the
“Staff of life”?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Vitamins
c. Proteins
d. Lipids
Ans. a) Carbohydrates
Explanation: Carbohydrates are commonly referred to as the “staff of life.” They are
the most abundant organic compounds in living organisms. Carbohydrates are also
referred to as sugars, starches, saccharides, and polysaccharides.
Ques 16. Of the following carbohydrate, which one does not have any
essential nutritional value?
a. Cellulose
b. Sucrose
c. Glycogen
d. Dextrin
Ans. d) Dextrin
Explanation: Dextrins are a group of carbohydrates with low molecular weight.
These are produced by the hydrolysis of glycogen or starch. Dextrin is not an
essential nutrient, hence one does not need to get it from food to be healthy.
Ques 17. Which sugars are present in Sucrose?
a. Glucose and glucose
b. Fructose and glucose
c. Fructose and galatose
d. Glucose and galatose
Ans. b) Fructose and glucose
Explanation: Commonly called table sugar, Sucrose is obtained from sugar cane
and contains fructose and glucose as monomers.
Ques 18. _____ is not a disaccharide.
a. Maltose
b. Sucrose
c. Galactose
d. Lactose
Ans. c) Galactose
Explanation: Sucrose, maltose and lactose are disaccharides while galactose is a
monosaccharide.
Ques 19. Which of the following statements is true about Turanose?
a. It is a 7-methyl sugar
b. It is a deoxy sugar
c. It’s a reducing disaccharide of glucose and fructose
d. It’s a non-reducing disaccharide
Ans. c) It’s a reducing disaccharide of glucose and fructose
Explanation: Turanose (3-O-α-D-glucosyl-D-fructose) is an isomer of sucrose
that naturally exists in honey.
Ques 20. Examples of epimers are –
a. Glucose and Ribose
b. Fructose and Glucose
c. Glucose and Galactose
d. Mannose and Glucose
Ans. c) Glucose and Galactose
Explanation: An epimer in stereochemistry is one of a pair of stereoisomers. The
sugars glucose and galactose are epimers. In glucose, the -OH group on the first
carbon is in the axial position, the opposite direction to the -OH group on carbon C-4.
In galactose, the -OH group is in the same direction, the equatorial position.
Ques 21. Which of the following is the simplest carbohydrate?
a. Glyceraldehyde
b. Glucose
c. Dihydroxy acetone
d. Gulose
Ans. a) Glyceraldehyde
Explanation: Glyceraldehyde or glyceral is a triose monosaccharide. Its chemical
formula is C3H6O3. It is the simplest carbohydrate of all common aldoses.
Ques 22. The majority of the monosaccharides found in the human body are of
which type of stereoisomer?
a. Racemic mixture
b. L-type
c. Neutral
d. D-type
Ans. d) D-type
Explanation: The majority of the monosaccharides in the human body are of D-type
stereoisomer. The D-isomer of glucose predominates in nature and therefore the
enzymes in our body have adapted to binding only this form.
Ques 23. The main functional groups present in carbohydrates are –
a. Aldehyde and Ketone groups
b. Hydroxyl groups and Hydrogen groups
c. Alcohol and Carboxyl groups
d. Carboxyl groups and Others
Ans. c) Alcohol and Carboxyl groups
Explanation: Carbohydrates are represented as Cx(H2O)y, where the values of x and
y range from 3 to 12. The functional groups present in carbohydrates are Alcohol
and Carboxyl groups.
Ques 24. The general formula of carbohydrates is–
a. (C2H2O)n COOH
b. (CH2O)n
c. (C6H2O)n
d. (C4H2O)n
Ans. b) (CH2O)n
Explanation: The general formula of carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. For instance- for
glucose, n=6, so the chemical formula of glucose is C6H12O6.
Ques 25. The main functional groups present in carbohydrates are –
a. Aldehyde and Ketone groups
b. Hydroxyl groups and Hydrogen groups
c. Alcohol and Carboxyl groups
d. Carboxyl groups and Others
Ans. c) Alcohol and Carboxyl groups
Explanation: Carbohydrates are represented as Cx(H2O)y, where the values of x and
y range from 3 to 12. The functional groups present in carbohydrates are Alcohol
and Carboxyl groups.