CVG3147-Midterm 2011-Solution-Page 1/3
Problem 1: (20 points)
A structural member is under the following axial tensile forces:
Dead loads: mean value 130 kN, standard deviation 10 kN
Live load: mean value 100 kN, standard deviation 20 kN
The resistance of the member has a standard deviation of 15 kN
Calculate the mean value of the resistance needed to achieve a probability of failure of 1/1000 under the
combined action of dead and live loads.
Solution for Problem 1:
Define an excess resistance function E = R − D − L
Mean value: E = R − D − L = R − 130 − 100 = R − 230 KN ( )
Standard deviation: σ E = σ R2 + σ D2 + σ L2 = 102 + 202 + 152 = 26.9 KN
Failure occurs when E < 0 . This implies that Etarget = 0
Probability Pr ( E < 0 ) = 0.001 ⇒ β = −3.1 (refer to probability table)
β=
Etarget − E
⇒ −3.1 =
(
0 − R − 230 ) ⇒ R = 26.9 × 3.1 + 230 = 313kN
σE 26.9
Problem 2: (20 points)
A steel plate ( Fy = 300) is under a horizontal normal stress 200MPa (tensile) and a vertical normal
stress. Determined the vertical normal stress which causes the plate to yield
Solution for Problem 2:
Yield criterion:
1⎡
( ) ( ) ( ) + 6 (τ xy2 + τ yz2 + τ zx2 ) ⎤⎥ = Fy2
2 2
σ − σ + σ − σ + σ − σ
2
2 ⎢
⎣ xx yy xx zz yy zz
⎦
1⎡
( ( ) ( ) (
σ xx − σ yy ) + σ xx − σ zz + σ yy − σ zz + 6 τ xy2 + τ yz2 + τ zx2 ⎤ = Fy2 )
2 2 2
2 ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
σ yy − σ xxσ yy + σ xx = Fy
2 2 2
σ yy2 − 200σ yy + 2002 = 3002
σ yy2 − 200σ yy − 50, 000 = 0
+200 ± 2002 + 4 × 50, 000
σ yy = = +345MPa, −145MPa
2
σ xx = 200 MPa
In the presence of a tensile stress
Either σ yy = 345MPa tensile stress or σ yy = 145 MPa compressive stress would cause the steel to yield
CVG3147-Midterm 2011-Solution-Page 2/3
Problem 3: (35 points)
Notes: 1. Base your design on the S16-2009 slenderness requirements limits, yield limit state, and rupture
limit state requirements.
2. All your designs should account for shear lag considerations as needed.
3. Provide free body diagrams as needed
A 3.6m tension member has a C200x28 cross-section and a 350W material
( Fy = 350 MPa, Fu = 450 MPa ). The member is to be connected through 20mm diameter bolts to a flat
gusset plate along the web as shown.
2 2
50
50
2 2
T
1
50 100
a. Determine whether the member meets the slenderness requirement: (5)
L 3, 600
rmin = ry = 15.2mm ⇒ = = 236.8 < 300
rmin 15.2
Thus, member meets slenderness requirement for tension members
b. Determine the capacity of the member based on yield limit state (5)
Tr1 = φ Ag Fy = 0.9 × 3,560 × 0.35 = 1,121kN
c. Determine the capacity the member based on mode of failure 1-1 (10)
Force acting on Section 1-1:
From free body diagram of a segment failed at Section 1-1, after drawing bolt actions and summing forces,
one conclude that Section 1-1 is subject to the full force T. Thus in the following, we use the full
resistances Tr 2 and Tr 3
Resistance based on Rupture
An = Ag − 2φ w = 3,560 − 2 × 24 ×12.4 = 2,965mm 2
Tr 2 = φu An Fu = 0.75 × 2,965 × 0.45 = 1, 001kN
Shear Lag:
Failure plane 1-1 intercepts the unconnected flanges. Thus shear lag reduction factors are applicable.
The given section is classified as “c) other cases” with less than three transverse rows of bolts. Thus,
Resistance based on shear lag
Ane = 0.75 An
Tr 3 = φu Ane Fu = 0.75 × ( 0.75 × 2,965 ) × 0.45 = 751kN
Tr = min (Tr 2 , Tr 3 ) = 751kN
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d. Determine the capacity of the member based on mode of failure 2-2-2-2 (10)
Classification: Mode of failure 2-2-2-2 is a block shear tension.
Force acting on Section 2-2-2-2
From free body diagram of a segment failed at Section 2-2-2-2, after drawing bolt actions and summing
forces, one conclude that Section 2-2-2-2 is subject to 50% of T. Thus in the following, we use the
resistance 0.5Tr
Resistance based on Block Shear Tension Mode of failure
Tr ⎡ ⎛ Fy + Fu ⎞ ⎤
= φu ⎢U T Ant Fu + 0.6 Agv ⎜ ⎟⎥
2 ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
⎛ 1 ⎞
Ant = ⎜100 − × 24 × 2 ⎟ × 12.4 = 942.4mm 2
⎝ 2 ⎠
Agv = 2 × 50 × 12.4 = 1, 240mm 2
U T = 1.0 (symmetric connection)
Tr ⎡ ⎛ 0.35 + 0.45 ⎞ ⎤
= 0.75 ⎢1.0 × 942.4 × 0.45 + 0.6 × 1, 240 ⎜ ⎟⎥
2 ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
Tr = 1, 083kN
Shear Lag
The plane of failure does not intercept the unconnected elements (flanges). Therefore, no shear lag
reduction factors are applicable.
Tr = 1, 083kN
e. Based on the modes of failure considered in the problem, determine the tensile resistance of the member
and provide two possible measures to increase the capacity of the member based on the modes considered
(5).
Based on the modes of failure considered in b, c, and d, the resistance of the member is governed by the
capacity of mode 1-1, i.e., the capacity of the member is 751 kN.
Therefore the following measures would increase the capacity of the member:
1) Adding one more row of transverse bolts will make the connection longer and the reduction in shear lag
increase from 0.75 to 0.85
2) Using drilled holes instead of the default punching technique will reduce the allowance for bolt holes.
3) Using a material with higher ultimate strength
4) Selecting a larger section.