A Report on

INTERNSHIP TRAINING
14 DAYS INTERNSHIP TRAINING
(PHASE 1)

SUBMITTED BY

RASHIKA THARSHINI K

2303717610322041
Inthepartialfulfilmentfortheawardofth
edegreeof
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
 COIMBATORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna
University)COIMBATORE – 641014
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

[Link]
[Link] MEASUREMENT
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link] PLACEMENT
[Link]
[Link] BOB
[Link] TANK
[Link]
[Link] BRICK
 [Link]
[Link] CERTIFICATE
INTRODUCTION:

This report presents a detailed overview of my

internship experience at MNS Builders, conducted
from 19.05.25 to 01.05.25 at the Residential
building construction site located in Theni. The
internship provided practical exposure to
realworld construction activities and enhanced my
understanding of various engineering and
management practices used on-site.

The main objective of the internship was to

bridge the gap between academic knowledge and
field application, allowing me to observe and
participate in day-to-day operations, site
supervision, safety procedures, and quality
control measures. This report outlines the key
tasks I was involved in, the skills I developed, and
the knowledge I gained during this valuable
learning experience.

UNIT CONVERSION:
In construction projects, it is essential to be
familiar with various unit systems, as both Metric
and Imperial units may be used depending on the
project specifications and materials. Below are
some commonly used unit conversions relevant to
construction:

Quantity From Unit To unit Conversion

factor
Length 1 inch 25.4 mm 1 in = 25.4
mm
1 foot 0.3048 1 ft =
meters 0.3048 m
1 meter 3.2808 1m=
feet 3.2808 ft
Area 1 square 10.7639 1 m2=
meter square feet 10.7639ft2
1 square 0.0929 1 ft2=
foot square 0.0929 m2
meters
Volume 1 cubic 35.3147 1m3=

meter cubic feet 35.3147 ft3

1 cubic 0.0283 1ft3=
foot Cubic 0.0283 m3
meters
Weight 1 kilogram 2.2046 1 kg =
pounds 2.2046 lb
1 1000 1 ton =
ton(metric kilograms 1000kg
)
Cement 1 bag 50 1 bag =
bags kilograms 50kg
(standard)
Steel bar 1 mm 0.03937 1 mm =
diameter inches 0.03937 in
Pressure 1Mpa 145.038 1Mpa =
psi 145.038
psi
Concrete 1:2:4 Cement: Standard
mix ratio sand: mix for
aggregate M15
Concrete
TAPE MEASUREMENT:

Tape measurements are a fundamental part of

construction site activities. They are used for
measuring distances, verifying dimensions, setting
out work, and ensuring that construction
conforms to design specifications. During my
internship, I frequently used steel measuring tapes
and measuring wheels for tasks such as:
Verifying the dimensions of excavation trenches
and formworks.

Measuring lengths of reinforcement bars before

cutting and bending.

Checking levels and alignments for masonry and

concrete works.

Ensuring correct distances between structural

elements as per drawings.

Types of Tapes Used:

Steel Tape (30m/50m): Used for longer distances

and site layout work.
Measuring Tape (3m/5m): Used for smaller and
more precise measurements in carpentry,
masonry, and finishing works.

Measuring Wheel: Used for quick estimation of

large distances, especially in road and boundary
works.

Accuracy Considerations:

Tapes were always kept tensioned during

measurement to avoid sagging errors.

Measurements were taken along straight lines and

on level surfaces when possible.

A second person often assisted in holding the tape

at the zero mark to maintain precision.
Readings were double-checked to minimize
human error.

These practices ensured that the construction

process adhered to dimensional tolerances and
quality standards, reinforcing the importance of
accurate measurement in every phase of the
project.
VASTHU:
Vastu Shastra, the ancient Indian science of
architecture and building design, plays a
significant role in many construction projects
across India. It aims to create harmony between
natural forces (such as earth, water, fire, air, and
space) and the built environment, thereby
ensuring health, prosperity, and well-being for the
occupants. During my internship at [Project
Name/Company Name], Vastu principles were
considered during the planning and layout stages
of the construction.

1. Site Selection and Orientation

The plot was rectangular and had a longer

eastwest axis, which is considered favorable.
The site sloped slightly from south to north,
allowing water drainage towards the northeast,
which is positive according to Vastu.

The main entrance of the site/building faced

[East/North], which is considered auspicious as it
allows morning sunlight and positive energy into
the space.

2. Zoning and Room Placement

Vastu assigns specific functions and rooms to

different directions based on the natural
elements.
The project followed these zoning guidelines:

Direction Elemen Recommende Implementatio

t d usage n on site
East Air Entrance, Main gate and
living room front door
placed facing
east
North Water Pooja room, Living room
living space planned in the
north/northeas

t
South Earth Master Master
bedroom, bedroom
storage placed in the
southwest
corner
West Water Dining room, Bathrooms
toilets and service
areas located
here
Southeas Fire Kitchen Kitchen
t positioned in
 the southeast
corner
Northwes Air Guest Guest room
t bedroom, and secondary
toilets toilet in this
zone
Centre Space Open area, no Kept open or
heavy used as a
structures lobby/hall
3. Water Source Placement

A borewell and underground sump were placed in

the northeast corner of the site, which aligns with
Vastu recommendations for placing water bodies
in that direction to ensure prosperity and good
health.

4. Staircase Placement
The staircase was constructed in the southwest or
south, as upward movement in these directions is
considered beneficial.

Clockwise movement was maintained while

ascending the stairs.

5. Toilets and Septic Tanks

Toilets were avoided in the northeast and center

of the building.

Septic tanks and drainage were designed towards

the northwest or west direction.

6. Compound Wall and Boundary Guidelines

The compound wall on the south and west sides
was built higher and thicker than the east and
north walls, in line with Vastu norms to block
negative energy.

7. Practical Adaptation

While Vastu guidelines were followed closely,

modern functional needs and structural safety
were also prioritized. The architect ensured a
balanced design that respected traditional beliefs
without compromising engineering standards,
aesthetics, and utility.

PLANNING:

1. Begin with a Brief Introduction

Start by explaining what construction planning is
and why it is important.
Example:
"Planning in construction involves the systematic
organization of resources, time, labour, and
activities to ensure that a project progresses
efficiently from start to finish. During my internship
at MNS Builders, I gained valuable insights into
how planning helps in reducing delays,
optimizing costs, and improving quality control
onsite."

2. Explain the Types of Planning

Include the different levels of planning observed:

Initial Planning:
Site surveys and soil tests
Drawing approvals and estimates

Material Planning:
Scheduling material deliveries to avoid storage
and shortages

Labor Planning:
Assigning skilled/unskilled workers according to
tasks

Activity Scheduling:
Daily/weekly/monthly work breakdown using
Gantt charts or MS Project

Contingency Planning:
How delays (like rain or material shortage) were
handled

3. Describe the Planning Process You Observed

Break it down into clear steps with real

examples:
Step 1: Site Layout Planning
Marking and organizing space for storage, mixing,
working, and safety zones.
Step 2: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Example:
1. Excavation
2. Foundation
3. Column and Slab
4. Masonry
5. Electrical/Plumbing
6. Plastering and Finishing

Step 3: Scheduling Activities

Using Gantt charts or daily work logs.

Step 4: Resource Planning

Matching workforce and equipment to tasks.

Step 5: Coordination Meetings

Daily site briefings and weekly review meetings to
monitor progress.

4. Add Visuals (Optional but Recommended) If

you have access to them, include:
Gantt Chart (for activity schedule)
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS chart)
Daily Progress Sheet (sample)
5. Conclude the Section

Summarize what you learned from planning

activities.
Example:
"Through active participation in planning
discussions and site meetings, I learned how
critical proper planning is in managing time,
reducing waste, and ensuring quality in
construction. It also taught me the importance of
flexibility and real-time decision-making."
STAIRCASE:

Staircases are an essential component in

multilevel buildings, providing safe and convenient
access between floors. During my internship at
[Project Name/Company Name], I observed the
design, layout, and execution of staircase
construction in accordance with IS code and
architectural plans.

Types of Staircases Observed:

Dog-legged Staircase: Common in residential and

apartment buildings.

Open Well Staircase: Found in commercial or

highrise buildings.

Spiral Staircase: Occasionally used in tight spaces

or emergency exits.

Key Terms in Staircase Construction:

Tread: Horizontal part where the foot is placed.

Riser: Vertical portion between two treads.

Flight: Continuous series of steps without landing.

Landing: Horizontal platform between two flights.

Nosing: Projected edge of the tread.

Standard Dimensions (As per IS Code 456:2000):

Component Typical Range

Tread 250 – 300 mm
Riser 150 – 175 mm
Width of stair Min.1 meter
(residential), more
for public buildings
Headroom Min.2.1 meters
Angle of inclination 250to 400
Additional Considerations

A mid-landing is provided after 10–12 steps for

safety and convenience.
Proper slope and alignment must be checked
during shuttering before concrete work.

Handrails and nosing are added for safety.

Understanding stair design helped me grasp the

balance between functional dimensions and site
practicality. I participated in measuring risers and
treads, marking landing levels, and checking
shuttering alignment before pouring concrete.
This hands-on experience gave me valuable
insights into staircase planning and execution.
RAMP:
A ramp is an inclined surface that connects two
different levels. Ramps are essential for ensuring
universal accessibility, particularly for wheelchair
users, people with mobility issues, and for moving
materials using trolleys. During my internship at
[Project Name/Company Name], ramps were
incorporated into the design for parking access,
main entryways, and service areas.

Purpose of Ramps on Site:

Accessibility: For disabled persons in accordance

with the National Building Code (NBC) and
guidelines for barrier-free design.

Vehicular Access: In basements and parking levels.

Service Movement: For trolleys, stretchers (in
hospitals), or equipment transport.

Standard Design Guidelines (NBC/IS 456:2000):

Feature Standard Specifications

Maximum Slope 1:12 (for wheel chair
ramps), I.e., 1 unit rise
for every 12 units
horizontal
Minimum width 1.2 meter for
accessible ramps
Landing Required at every 9m
horizontal run and at
doorways
Handrails Required on both
sides for ramps with
slope >1:20
Edge protection Minimum 75mm curb
if no wall present
Surface finish Non-slip surface
recommended for
safety
A 1:3 ramp slope means that for every 1 unit of
vertical rise, the ramp must extend 3 units
horizontally. This is a ratio, also called the gradient
or slope of the ramp.

If we know the rise(height):

Run =Rise X 3

Construction Steps Observed:

1. Marking slope and layout using level

instruments.
2. Shuttering and formwork as per the ramp
profile.
3. Reinforcement placing—often similar to slab
design but customized for the slope.
4. Concrete pouring from bottom to top, with
vibration and levelling.
5. Curing and finishing with a rough non-slip
surface.

The ramp construction on-site provided insight

into structural planning, user safety, and
accessibility requirements. Observing proper
slope maintenance and finishing techniques
reinforced the importance of precision in layout
and execution.

COLUMN PLACEMENT:
 Columns are vertical structural elements
designed to transfer loads from the building’s
superstructure to the foundation. Proper
placement of columns is essential for the stability
and strength of the building.

Procedure for Column Placement:

1. Site Layout and Marking:

Using the building plan, the exact locations of

columns are marked on the foundation or slab
using measuring tapes, chalk lines, and tools like
theodolites or total stations for precision.

Benchmarks and reference points are established

to maintain alignment throughout the project.
[Link] Out:

The positions are checked and re-checked to

ensure accuracy before excavation or foundation
work begins.

Plumb bobs or laser levels are often used to

ensure vertical alignment during the placement
process.

3. Excavation for Column Footings:

Excavation is done at the marked points to

prepare for column footing foundations.

The footing size depends on the load and soil

bearing capacity.
4. Foundation Work:

Reinforcement is placed as per design, followed by

pouring concrete for the footing.

Proper curing is ensured before proceeding.

5. Column Construction:

Formwork is set up vertically at the marked points.

Reinforcement cages are placed inside the

formwork.

Concrete is poured into the formwork and allowed

to cure to achieve the desired strength.
6. Alignment Checks:

During and after construction, columns are

checked for verticality using plumb bobs or laser
levels.

Adjustments are made if necessary to maintain

structural integrity.

Importance of Accurate Column Placement:

Ensures proper load distribution to the

foundation.

Prevents structural failures due to misalignment

or uneven loads.
Facilitates the correct placement of beams, slabs,
and other structural elements.

Improves overall stability and safety of the

building.

During my internship, I participated in marking

and checking column placements, learning how
critical precise layout and alignment are to the
success of a construction project. Accurate
column placement forms the backbone of a
durable and safe structure.
BASEMENT:
Basement is the below-ground portion of a
building that provides additional usable space,
such as storage, parking, or living areas.
Constructing a basement requires careful
planning and execution to ensure stability,
waterproofing, and safety.

1. Site Preparation

Clearing the construction site of debris and

vegetation.

Marking the layout of the basement according to

design plans.

Setting up temporary supports and safety

barriers.
2. Excavation

Excavating the soil to the required depth based

on the basement design.

Ensuring excavation walls are supported properly

to prevent collapse (using shoring or benching
techniques).

Removing excavated material from the site.

3. Foundation Work

Laying the foundation footing, which supports the

basement walls and distributes load evenly to the
ground.
Pouring concrete footing after formwork and
reinforcement placement.

Allowing adequate curing time for the foundation

concrete

4. Basement Wall Construction

Constructing the basement walls using reinforced

concrete or masonry, based on design.

Installing waterproofing membranes or coatings

on the exterior walls to prevent water seepage.

Including drainage systems like weeping tiles to

channel water away from the foundation.

5. Floor Slab Construction

Preparing the base with a layer of compacted
gravel or sand for drainage.

Installing vapor barriers to prevent moisture

ingress from the ground.

Pouring and curing the reinforced concrete floor

slab.

6. Backfilling and Site Finishing

Once walls and floor slab are completed,

backfilling the excavated space with soil.

Compacting the backfill in layers to provide

support and reduce settlement.

Final grading and site cleanup.

Safety Considerations

Proper shoring and bracing during excavation to

prevent collapse.

Monitoring groundwater levels and using pumps

if necessary.

Wearing protective gear and following safety

protocols at all times.

The basement construction process is a critical

phase that requires precision and adherence to
structural and safety standards. During my
internship, I observed and participated in several
stages of basement construction, gaining hands-
on experience in excavation, foundation laying,
and waterproofing techniques.
PLUMB BOB:

A plumb bob is a simple but essential tool

used in construction to ensure vertical accuracy
and alignment. It consists of a pointed weight
attached to a string, which, when suspended,
indicates a true vertical line due to gravity.

Key Uses of Plumb Bob:

1. Establishing Vertical Lines:

The primary use is to mark a perfectly vertical
reference line, which is crucial when erecting walls,
columns, and other vertical structures.

2. Checking Verticality:
It helps verify that structures like walls, posts, or
formwork are truly vertical (plumb), ensuring
structural integrity and aesthetic correctness.

3. Transferring Points from Floor to Ceiling:

A plumb bob is used to transfer exact points
vertically between different levels, helping align
features on multiple floors.

4. Guiding Masonry and Brickwork:

Masons use the plumb bob to keep bricks and
blocks in straight vertical alignment during
construction.

5. Setting Out and Layout:

In laying out building foundations or walls, the
plumb bob assists in accurate positioning and
alignment.
Advantages:

Simple and inexpensive tool.

Does not require power or calibration.

Highly accurate for vertical alignment.

During my internship, I frequently observed the

use of the plumb bob in ensuring that walls and
columns were properly aligned vertically, which is
critical for structural safety and quality
construction.
STEPTIC TANK:
A septic tank is an underground wastewater
treatment structure, commonly used in areas
without centralized sewer systems. The 3 by 4
method refers to constructing a septic tank with
dimensions approximately 3 meters in length and
4 meters in width, which is a typical size for small
residential units.

Steps Involved in Construction:

1. Site Selection and Excavation:

Choose a location away from water sources and

with good soil drainage.
Excavate a pit measuring about 3 meters (width)
by 4 meters (length) and to the required depth
(usually 1.5 to 2 meters depending on design).

2. Base Preparation:

Level the bottom of the excavation.

Lay a 15–20 cm thick concrete bed as the base

slab to provide a stable foundation.

3. Wall Construction:

Build the walls of the septic tank using bricks or

concrete blocks, with a thickness of about 20–25
cm.
The walls should be plastered with cement
mortar to ensure water tightness.

4. Compartment Division:

Inside the tank, construct a dividing wall to create

two compartments, which helps in settling solids
and facilitating anaerobic digestion.

The partition usually extends about 15 cm below

the water level.

5. Inlet and Outlet Pipes:

Install inlet and outlet pipes correctly:

Inlet pipe to bring wastewater into the first
compartment.

Outlet pipe to discharge treated effluent from the

second compartment to the soak pit or drainage
field.

Pipes should be properly sealed to prevent

leakage and odour escape.

6. Cover Slab:

Construct a reinforced concrete cover slab with

access openings for inspection and cleaning.
Ensure the slab is strong enough to support any
surface load.

7. Backfilling and Finishing:

After the concrete has cured, backfill around the

tank carefully with soil, compacting it in layers.

Finish the site surface to prevent water pooling

near the tank.

Safety and Maintenance Notes:

Ensure proper ventilation during construction to

avoid gas build-up.
Regular inspection and cleaning of the septic tank
are necessary to maintain functionality.

During my internship, I observed the step-by-step

construction of a septic tank using the 3 by 4
method. This hands-on experience helped me
understand the importance of accurate
measurements, waterproofing, and proper pipe
installation for effective wastewater
management.
SUMP:

A sump is a pit or reservoir constructed at the

lowest point of a site to collect and store water,
often used for dewatering, drainage, or as a
water collection point for pumps. Proper sump
construction is essential to manage groundwater
and surface water on construction sites.

Steps Involved in Sump Construction:

1. Site Selection and Excavation:

Identify the lowest point on the site or the

designated location according to the project
plan.
Excavate the sump pit to the required
dimensions and depth, ensuring enough volume
to hold anticipated water inflow.

2. Base Preparation:

Level the bottom of the excavation and compact

it to provide a stable base.

In some cases, a concrete base slab is cast to

prevent seepage and maintain sump shape.

3. Wall Construction (if required):

If the sump is permanent or semi-permanent,
construct walls using concrete or masonry to
retain soil and prevent collapse.

Walls may be plastered or waterproofed

depending on the site conditions.

4. Provision for Pump Installation:

Provide a platform or support for installing a

submersible pump or other pumping
mechanism.

Ensure easy access for maintenance and removal

of the pump.
5. Drainage and Outlet:

Connect drainage pipes or channels to direct

collected water to desired discharge points or
treatment areas.

Install filters or screens to prevent debris from

entering the sump and damaging pumps.

6. Backfilling and Finishing:

Backfill around the sump carefully, if applicable,

and compact to avoid settlement.

Finish surface grading to direct water flow

toward the sump.
Importance of Sump Construction:

Prevents waterlogging and flooding on

construction sites.

Protects foundation and other structural

elements from water damage.

Enables effective site dewatering to maintain dry

working conditions.

During my internship, I was involved in

excavating and preparing sump pits, gaining
practical knowledge about water management
on construction sites. Proper sump construction
is vital for site safety and smooth progress of
work.
MUD BRICK:

This report summarizes my internship

experience at MNS Builders where I gained
practical knowledge about the use of mud bricks
in construction. Mud bricks are an ancient and
ecofriendly building material made from a mixture
of soil, water, and sometimes stabilizers like straw
or cement. They are widely used in sustainable
construction projects.

2. Objectives

To understand the production process of mud

bricks.

To learn about the properties and advantages of

mud bricks in construction.
To observe the application of mud bricks at the
construction site.

To gain hands-on experience in traditional

construction methods.

3. Mud Brick Production Process

Mud bricks are typically made by mixing soil,

water, and binding materials such as straw. The
mixture is then poured into wooden moulds to
form bricks and left to dry naturally under the sun.
The drying process may take several days to weeks,
depending on weather conditions.

4. Properties and Advantages

Thermal insulation: Mud bricks have good thermal
properties, keeping interiors cool in summer and
warm in winter.

Cost-effective: The raw materials are locally

available and inexpensive.

Eco-friendly: Mud bricks are biodegradable and

have a low carbon footprint.

Good compressive strength: Suitable for

loadbearing walls in low-rise buildings.

Sound insulation: They provide decent noise

reduction.

5. Application at Construction Site

During my internship, I observed the preparation
and laying of mud bricks for wall construction.
Proper curing and moisture control were crucial to
ensure brick durability. The construction team
followed traditional techniques combined with
modern practices to enhance strength and
longevity.

6. Challenges

Weather dependence for drying bricks.

Susceptibility to water damage if not properly

protected.

Labor-intensive production process.

My internship experience provided valuable
insights into sustainable construction materials.
Mud bricks offer an economical and
environmentally friendly alternative to
conventional bricks. Learning about their
production and application helped me appreciate
traditional construction methods and their
relevance in modern architecture.