UNIT 1: Understanding the Medium
1. History of Television in India
TV started on 15 Sept 1959 in Delhi as an experiment.
In 1965, 1-hour daily programs began with news.
1972: Mumbai got TV services. Later, Kolkata, Chennai, and other cities.
1976: Doordarshan separated from All India Radio.
1982: Colour TV and national programs began (e.g., Independence Day parade).
Famous shows: Hum Log, Ramayan, Mahabharat, Chitrahaar.
Now DD has 19+ channels: national, regional, sports, and live parliament.
2. Characteristics of Television
Audio-Visual Medium: Combines sound and video.
Domestic Medium: Watched at home with family.
Live Medium: Can show events as they happen.
Mass Medium: Reaches literate and illiterate both.
Transitory Medium: Content changes; hard to save.
Expensive Medium: Needs costly equipment and skilled team.
3. Formats/Types of TV Programs
News: Scripted news with visuals and maps.
Documentaries: Real-life stories to inform or inspire.
Interviews: 1-to-1, content-based, or group.
Quiz/Game Shows: Interactive, with prizes.
Children’s Shows: Cartoons, stories, educational shows.
Farmer/Worker Shows: Eg. Krishi Darshan, for rural audiences.
Music/Dance Shows: Chitrahaar, Sa Re Ga Ma.
Commercials: Short product ads.
Soap Operas/Sitcoms: Daily serials (Kyunki Saas, Taarak Mehta).
4. Stages of Program Production
1. Pre-Production – Idea, script, planning.
2. Production – Actual shooting.
3. Post-Production – Editing, sound, graphics.
4. Delivery – Final output and distribution.
UNIT 2: Pre-Production
1. Ideation & Programme Brief
Ideas come from books, news, people, internet.
Treatment: Short summary of story, characters, message.
2. Script & Storyboard
Script: Dialogues and scenes written.
Storyboard: Drawings showing visuals of scenes.
3. Research
Print: Books, articles, newspapers.
Photos: Old pics, archives, videos.
Interviews: Talking to experts or related people.
Location: Visit and check places for shooting.
4. Continuity, Set, Props, Floor Plan
Continuity: Maintain same look in every shot.
Props: Items used in scenes.
Make-up & Costume: Should be same in every shot.
Floor Plan: Layout of cameras, lights, actors.
5. Budgeting
Planning total cost of production.
Divided as:
Above-the-line: Creative cost (script, actors).
Below-the-line: Technical cost (camera, crew).
UNIT 3: Production
1. Shooting Types
Single Camera: One camera, used for fiction or film.
Multi Camera: Many cameras, used for live shows.
2. Production Team Roles
Producer: Head, manages everything.
Director: Controls shooting.
Writer: Writes the script.
Floor Manager: Manages studio floor.
Camera Operator: Handles the camera.
Sound Person: Records sound.
Light Person: Sets up lights.
Make-up/Costume Designer: Designs actor’s looks.
3. Rehearsals
Script reading
Dry run (practice walk-through)
Camera and dress rehearsal
4. On-Air Production
Clear cues and commands
Monitor visuals and sound
Live directing during telecast
UNIT 4: Post-Production
1. Editing
Cutting and joining shots
Adding sound, music, effects
Finalising the video
2. Continuity Editing
Ensures smooth story flow
Matches all scenes together correctly
3. From Idea to Screen
Full process from idea → shoot → edit → broadcast
4. Pretesting and Evaluation
Test show with audience
Get feedback
Improve content before release