DOCUMENT CODE: L1-BIOCHEM-2021-01
SUBJECT: BIMONTHLY SYLLABUS Page 1 of 2
WEEK CASE VIGNETTE TRIGGER/GUIDE QUESTIONS LEARNING OUTCOMES REFERENCE
4
Sept. 02, Patient A.A. was then rushed to a Tertiary Care Tryptase is a tetrameric glycoprotein and a member At the end of each session, the student will be Harper’s Illustrated
2021 Hospital for “lockjaw”. In the Emergency room, of the serine protease family: able to DISCUSS ENZYMES as to: Biochemistry. 31st Edition
the patient was seen by the ER physician,
1. What is the action of protease and 1. MECHANISM OF ACTION Others:
meticulous history and physical examination under what class of enzyme does it A. General Properties of Enzyme 1. Textbook of Biochemistry with
revealed that patient most likely had tetanus belong? How is it different from the a1. Simple enzymes Clinical Correlation. 7th Edition.
infection and the stiffness of the jaw was brought other classes of enzymes? a2. Holo-enzymes:
about by the Tetanus toxin, which is taken up into Apoenzymes, Cofactor 2. Lehninger’s Principles of
terminals of lower motor neurons and 2. Describe the properties of enzymes a3. Metal ions in Enzymes Biochemistry. 6th Edition.
and the different mechanism of B. Properties of Enzymes
transported axonally to the spinal cord and/or
action to facilitate catalysis. Give b1. Active site
brainstem. Here the toxin moves trans- 3. Marks’ Basic Medical
examples of each. b2. Catalytic Efficiency/
synaptically into inhibitory nerve terminals, where Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach.
Enzyme turnover
vesicular release of inhibitory neurotransmitters 3. Give examples of enzymes used to 4th Edition
b3. Specificity
becomes blocked, leading to disinhibition of lower support the clinical diagnosis. b4. Regulation
motor neurons. Muscle rigidity and spasms ensue, For an enzyme to function to its full b5. Zymogens
potential: b6. Isoenzymes/ Isozymes
often manifesting as trismus/lockjaw, dysphagia,
opisthotonos, or rigidity and spasms of C. 6 Major Classification:
4. Describe the basis for the rates of a c1. Oxidoreductases
respiratory, laryngeal, and abdominal muscles, chemical reaction catalyzed by an c2. Transferases
which may cause respiratory failure. enzyme. c3. Hydrolases
There's no cure for tetanus. Treatment c4. Lyases
consists of wound care, medications to ease 5. Enumerate the factors that influence c5. Isomerases
symptoms, and supportive care. The patient was the rate of the reaction. c6. Ligases
given powerful sedatives to control the muscle D. 4 General Mechanisms to facilitate
6. Differentiate the types of enzyme
spasm, the airway was secured through a catalysis:
inhibition. Give examples of enzyme
d1. Catalysis by Proximity
tracheostomy. inhibitors used in the clinical setting.
d2. Acid-Base Catalysis
d3. Catalysis by Strain
Maintenance of homeostasis is integral d4. Covalent Catalysis
for the viability of any living organism: E. Mechanism of Action
e1. Emil Fischer’s model Lock
7. Describe the regulatory mechanism and Key model
of enzyme activity and quantity. e2. Michaelis-Menten Equation
e3. Induced fit model
8. Explain the different key enzymes, of conformational change
hormones and second messengers F. Examples of enzymes for clinical
that play an active role in the diagnosis, and drug metabolism.
regulation of metabolic processes.
I. ENZYME KINETICS
A. Enzyme kinetic analysis:
a1. Changes in free energy
a2. Factors affecting Enzyme Activity
i. Temperature
ii. pH
iii. Substrate/Enzyme concentration
- Michaelis – Menten Equation
- Double reciprocal
or Lineweaver-Burk plot
a3. Enzyme Inhibition
i. Competitive vs Non-competitive
ii. Reversible vs Irreversible
iii. Mixed inhibition in drugs
II. REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITIES
A. Mechanisms involved in regulating enzyme
activity
a1. Allosteric regulation
a2. Covalent modification
a3. Feedback regulation
a4. Post-translational modification:
proteolysis, reversible phosphorylation