ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PRE-STRESSED

BRIDGE AT THE DEAD SEA

Courtesy by Philadelphia Post Tensioning

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Preface
This assignment focuses on the reanalysis and redesign of a prestressed concrete bridge
with a flat slab section. The bridge has 8 girder sections with a top slab, proposed to be
simply supported.

All relevant design loads have been considered in accordance with AASHTO LRFD
specifications, and the analysis was conducted using the prescribed load combinations
outlined in the code.

The bridge design must be thoroughly checked at both the construction stage and the
service stage. In addition, full-strength design calculations are required to verify the
ultimate capacity of the section under factored loading conditions.
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Table of Contents

Preface…………………………………………………………….I
Table of Contents………….………………..…………………..II

Chapter (1)
Geometry & Properties
1.1 Superstructure’s Geometry.............................................................................1
1.2 Bridge Geometry……………………………………………………………………2
1.3 Superstructure’s Properties…………………….………………………………….2
1.4 Bearing Pads…………………………………………………………………………2
1.5 Design Lanes…………………….……………………………………………….….3

Chapter (2)

Materials
2.1 Concrete……………………………………………………………………………..4
2.2 Prestressing Strands…………………………………………………………………4
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Chapter (3)

Loadings
3.1 Superimposed Dead Loads……………………………………………..………..5
3.2 Moving Live Load…………………………………………………………………...6

Chapter (4)

Post-Tensioning Tendons
4.1 Prestressing Losses Coefficients…………………………………………………11
4.2 Tendon Sizes…………..……………………………………………………………11
4.3 Tendon’s Jacking Load.………………………………………………………….11
4.4 Stressing Conditions……………………………………………………………….11

Chapter (5)

AASHTO LRFD 2007 Requirements

5.1 Tensile & Compressive Stresses………………………………………………….12
5.2 Optional Moving Live Load Deflection……………………………………….12
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Chapter (6)

Results & Checks

6.1 Initial Prestressing Forces & Effective Prestressing Forces………………….13
6.2 Stresses at Construction Stage………………………………………………….14
6.3 Stresses at Service Stage…………………………………………………………15
6.4 Deflections………………………………………………………………………….16
6.5 Strength Moments & Shears……………………………………………………..16

Chapter (7)

Serviceability Check
7.1 Stresses Check……………………………………………………………………..17
7.2 Deflection Check………………………………………………………………….17

Chapter (8)

Strength Check
8.1 Strength Check…………………………….…………………………..………….18
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Chapter (9)

Mild Reinforcement Requirements

9.1 Temperature & Shrinkage Reinforcement……………………………………22

Chapter (10)

Anchorage Zone Design

10.1 Anchorage Zone Design……………………….………………………………24

References

References
References………………………………………………………………………………34

Appendix (1)

Tendon’s Elongation Report

Tendon’s Elongation Report…………………………………………………………35
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Geometry & Properties

1.1 Superstructure’s Geometry:

The slab bridge has the following dimensions:

Figure (1.1): superstructure’s section geometry @ midspan.

Figure (1.2): superstructure’s section geometry @ ends.

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1.2 Bridge Geometry:

# of Spans 1
Girder’s Total Length 34.8 m

Abutment (1) Skew Angle N 04 00 00 W

Abutment (2) Skew Angle N 03 00 00 W

Table (1.1): bridge geometry.

1.3 Superstructure’s Properties:

The deck sections have the following properties:

Section
Property
Mid Span Ends
Area 7,891,247 mm2 9,887,391 mm2
I33 3.597 x 1012 mm4 3.837 x 1012 mm4
I22 1.049 x 10 mm
14 4 1.314 x 1014 mm4
J 2.213 x 1011 mm4 4.546 x 1011 mm4
Ct 1,082.76 mm 1,043.86 mm
Table (1.2): superstructure sections properties.

DEAD SEA BRIDGE (B2) - SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN CALCULATIONS | © 2019 PPL ALL RIGHTS
RESERVED
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1.5 Design Lane:

The design lanes (or loading lane) are the lanes that used by the bridge
engineer for placing of moving live loads.

Number of design lanes will be determined in accordance with article

([Link]) of AASHTO LRFD as follows:

Figure (1.3): top view of design lanes in CSi Bridge.

 Materials
2.1 Concrete:

Concrete used in superstructure has the following properties:

Cylindrical Compressive Strength (MPa)

Part
@ Transfer (f’ci) @ 28 Days (fc’)

Post-Tensioned
35 MPa 40 MPa
Girders

Top Slab N/A 27 MPa

Table (2.1): concrete mixes properties.

2.2 Prestressing Strands:

The prestressing strands used in girders have the following

properties:

Reference standard: BS 5896/3.

Type: 0.62” low-relaxation 7-wire strand. fpu
(ultimate tensile strength) = 1860 MPa. fpy (yield
tensile strength) = 1674 MPa.
Aps (cross-sectional area) = 150 mm2.
 Loadings

Important Note: the loads specified in this chapter are the most effective loads on the
bridge superstructure in service and strength requirements.

3.1 Superimposed Dead Loads:

The assumed superimposed dead loads are as follows:

Load Name Type Value

Right side barrier Line load 7.5 KN/m
Left side barrier Line load 7.5 KN/m
Utilities Area load 0.75 KN/m2
Wearing surface Area load 2.5 KN/m2
Table (3.1): superimposed dead loads.
3.2 Moving Live Load:

The bridge superstructure is designed based on (HL-93) moving live load in

accordance with section (3.6) in AASHTO LRFD as follows:

(A)Design Truck:

The design truck has axle loads as specified in article ([Link].2) in

AASHTO LRFD as follows:

Figure (3.1): AASHTO design truck axle loads.

(B) Design Tandem:

The design tandem has axle loads as specified in the article

([Link].3) in AASHTO LRFD as follows:

Figure (3.2): AASHTO design tandem axle loads. (C)

Design Lane:

The design lane is considered to be (9.3 kN/m) in accordance with article

([Link].4) in AASHTO LRFD, to be distributed at the lane width as
follows:

Figure (3.2): AASHTO design lane load.

 These loads will be combined in three cases in order to get the maximum
moving load effect on the deck section as follows:

1. Truck load + lane load.

2. Tandem load + lane load.

Figure (3.3): design truck load combined with lane load.

Figure (3.4): design tandem load combined with lane load.

Important note:

All axle loads for the design truck and design tandem, in addition to the lane, will
be multiplied by a factor of (1.5) as per the Jordanian National Code for Highways
& Bridges.

The multi-presence factor depending on the number of design lanes shall be applied in
accordance with article ([Link].2) as follows:

First loaded lane = 1.20

Second loaded lane = 1.00

Third Loaded Lane = 0.85

Fourth loaded lane = 0.6

Post-Tensioning Tendons
4.1 Prestressing Losses Coefficients:

Wobble coefficient = 0.002/m.

Curvature coefficient = 0.2.
Anchorage slip = 6mm.

4.2 Tendon Sizes & Profiles:

The slab section has several strands in each tendon as follows:

The total number of tendons in the girder = 3 tendons.

Number of strands per tendon = 12 strands.

4.3 Tendon’s Jacking Load:

The jacking load is recommended to be (75%) of the strands' ultimate

strength:

4.4 Stressing Conditions:

The stressing conditions were considered as follows:

Stressing Condition
Span Length (m)
(One End / Both Ends)

Span 1 34.8 Both Ends

Table (4.1): tendons stressing conditions.
 AASHTO LRFD 2007
Requirements

5.1 Tensile Stress & Compressive Stresses:

Stress limits are specified in article ([Link].2) in AASHTO LRFD and listed in table
([Link].2-1) as follows:

Age Type of Stress Limit Value (MPa)

Compression 0.6f’ci 21.00

Construction
Stage
Tension 0.63 f’ci 3.73

Compression 0.6 f’c 24.00

Service Stage
Tension 0.5√fc 3.16
Table (5.1): allowable stress limits as per AASHTO LRFD.

5.2 Optional Moving Live Load Deflection:

The optional moving live load deflection will satisfy the limits
specified in article ([Link].2) in AASHTO LRFD as follows:

Optional Deflection Type Limit Value (mm)

Vehicular load only L / 800 43.50

Vehicular load + pedestrian load
L / 1000 34.80

Table (5.2): optional moving live load deflection limits.

6.1 Initial and Effective Prestressing Forces:

6.2 Stresses at the Construction Stage:

Stresses at the construction stage are obtained using a Construction load

combination that contains (1.0 DL + 1.0 SDL + 1.0 PT) as follows:

End 1 Midspan End 2

Girder ID Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
G1
(Exterior)
G2
(Interior)
G3
(Interior)
G4
(Interior)
G5
(Interior)
G6
(Interior)
G7
(Interior)
G8
(Exterior)
Table (6.2): construction stresses.
6.3 Stresses at the Service Stage:

Stresses at the service stage are obtained using Service III load combination in
accordance with table (3.4.1-1) in AASHTO LRFD as
follows:

End 1 Midspan End 2

Girder ID Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
G1
(Exterior)
G2
(Interior)
G3
(Interior)
G4
(Interior)
G5
(Interior)
G6
(Interior)
G7
(Interior)
G8
(Exterior)
Table (6.3): service stresses.
6.4 Deflections:

6.4.1 Optional Moving Live Load Deflection:

Optional Moving Live

Location
Load Deflection (mm)

Midspan
Table (6.4): optional moving live load deflection results.

6.4.2 Construction Deflection @ Transfer:

Construction
Location Deflection @ Transfer
(mm)

Midspan
Table (6.5): construction deflection results.

6.5 Strength Moments and Shears:

All section forces (moments and shears) are obtained using Strength
combinations in accordance with table
(3.4.1-1) in AASHTO LRFD as follows:

Strength I
Result
Type Long. Moment Shear
(KN-m) (KN)
End 1

Midspan

End 2
Table (6.6): section forces obtained
 Serviceability Check
7.1 Stresses Check:

Stress Type of Stress

Selected Theoretical
Stage Location Fiber Value Obtained Limit Status
Girder Stress
(MPa) Stress (MPa)
Top
End 1
Bottom
Construction

Top
G1 Midspan
Bottom
Top
End 2
Bottom
Top
End 1
Bottom
Service

Top
G8 Midspan
Bottom
Top
End 2
Bottom
Table (7.1): stresses check at the construction stage and service stage.

7.2 Deflection Check:

Obtained
Deflection Limit
Case Deflection Status
(mm)
(mm)
Optional moving
live load deflection O.K.

Construction
O.K.
deflection
Table (7.2): optional moving live load deflection check.
Strength Check
Anchorage Zone Design
 References

1. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 2007.

2. Jordanian National Code for Highway Bridges.

3. ASTM C1107/C1107M-11.