SAMPLE (1) LITERATURE REVIEW

To what extent has the use of social media reduced parental control in the lives of teenagers

today?

LITERATURE REVIEW

The research shows that teenagers have the tendency to have a constant connection to their

friends through the social Media. (Buyer, 2017) discussed how teenagers become enraged,

frustrated, emotional, restless and much more if they don’t have access to social media and

parents have problems to control over their teenagers. She further explained that most teenagers

get addicted to social media apps. An example of this is Snapchat, she continues to show that

Snapchat is one of the main apps where teenagers have to stay connected in order to keep

something called a “streak”. A streak is how long a teenager and their friend can continually

send pictures to each other every day without losing their streak and this has become an

addiction to most teenagers today.

According to Kelly (2016) social media takes up a lot of their work time and they may forget

their school work. They may tend to forget their family and friends. (Kelly Austin, 2016) stated

that such teenagers will tend to be unsuccessful in their school work and may end up being

hooked onto social media and neglect their social life. Teenagers spend so much time on social

media that it starts to disrupt their social skills, many teens tend to be straight forward on social

media rather than face to face where they become quiet and silent and would not know how to

socialize in the real world as compared to the virtual world. She also explained that that teens

may tend to share more information on social media rather than talking face to face. Therefore,

this can make them more vulnerable to people who may want to cause harm or hurt them.
The research shows that the author Kay Ireland examined the ways in which social media have

affected the parents’ relationship with their teenagers. Her study stated that, because of social

media there is a lack of quality time between the parents and teenagers. According to Ireland

(2018) teens today have a constant connection to social media and spends less quality time

together. This makes the teenagers distant from their parents, contributing to rebellion. She

explained there is a lack of communication and face to face interaction between the parents and

teenagers.

According to Campbell (2015) teenagers spend the majority of their time on social media either

interacting with friends or keeping up to date on social media apps such as Facebook, Twitter or

Instagram. (Campbell, 2015) They feel the need to be on social media as it is a part of their life

and they are obsessed and obliged to be on it. Social media consumes almost all of their time and

takes them away from their responsibilities. Social media has caused teens to compare

themselves on social media in very harsh ways, this can cause some teenagers to fall into

depression or have a low self-esteem. She also stated that, teens would not come off of social

media unless parents take action in order to stop this addiction, the parents may either give them

a specific time to use the phone or take away their phones for a certain period of time in order to

cut out this obsession. She explained that because of social media, teenagers tend to rebel and lie

more when they realize that parents are trying to access their private lives to see if what they are

doing are appropriate or not. Teenagers take it as that their parents do not trust them on social

media and are trying to investigate them therefore, they become rebellious.
 SAMPLE (2) LITERATURE REVIEW

What are the effects of crime on the society of Chaguanas?

LITERATURE REVIEW

One source reviewed, “Causes of Increased crime in Caribbean Societies.” signifies

the major causes of crime in the Caribbean from psychologist’s perspective. On the 4th

January,2017, Author Reon Gabriel wrote in a blog a list of five mains causes of crime in the

Caribbean, focusing on each cause individually and then correlated them to one another. The

article examined the reasons of crime using data collected over a four-year period and manifested

the overall reasons of crime to be poverty, gangs, drug addiction and mass media influence.

In the second source review, published on April 27th, 2018 in the Trinidad Express

Newspaper, by journalist, Donstan Bonn wrote an article titled, ‘Central is now the murder

capital of T& T.” The three-minute read highlighted the statistics of crime in the Chaguanas

area obtained by the protective services over an undisclosed period. The author mentioned that

Central area was deemed the leading area of murders by the then Superintendent Daniel Moore

during a meeting. The unit revealed the causes of most of the crimes committed were gang

related and majority of the crimes occurred in the Laventille and Chaguanas area. Most crimes in

the Chaguanas vicinity was gang related, murder, domestic violence and robbery according to the

research-based article.

In the third source reviewed, “Residents Adapting to Crime”, a web article on the

Trinidad and Tobago Guardian website, uploaded on the 23rd July,2016, the editor, Kalifa Clyne

explains the various crimes committed in the central area and its effects on the residents of the

area. The author emphasizes on the theory that most of the criminals are of a young age and gang

affiliated. The author cited that the young criminals was disrespectful due to not caring about the
punishment if caught. Then further presents certain perspectives of the residents in the area and

how their lifestyles have changed due to the increase in the crime rate in the area. Majority of the

residents in the area stated that their curfew changed to being inside from much earlier times.

Dressing more appropriate manners by wearing less expensive clothes and little to no jewelry

when in the area. It highlights the physical and mental changes to an individual who is in a crime

raved area causing them to live in a constant state of fear. The article also focusses on the

increase presence of the police services in the Laventille which as a result lead the interviewees

to say they felt a little bit safer in their homes.

This review was on an abstract of a publication titled, “Crime and Violence in Trinidad

and Tobago”, issued in 2016 by the Inter-American Development Bank. The abstract listed

major effects of crime on an economical and social viewpoint providing enough data to support

their claims. The abstract of the publication in summary states that, crime in abundance hinders

the development of the country by reducing the financial income with tourism and exportation of

goods. The decrease in exportation is of goods is due to a lack of production as a result of the

citizens being exhausted and in fear of the increase rate of crime. Overall causing the

development of the country to slowly desist. There are certain theories used and predictions

made in the publication leading to the country being poverty stricken if the crime situation isn’t

corrected.