EL
Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Infrastructure
PT
Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya
N
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Module : Retrofitting of Concrete Structures
Lecture 03 : Retrofitting Techniques for structural elements bsri@[Link]
Concepts Covered
EL
PT
A few Retrofitting techniques for reinforced concrete
column / beam members
N
The retrofitting of a structure involves improving its performance in
carrying the intended loads safely and effectively.
This may be done through modifications to one or more of:
EL
Columns
Beams
PT
Walls
N
Foundations
Horizontal diaphragms
Joints between structural elements
Jacketing techniques
of Columns
EL
PT
N
•4/1/2022 •RRI / IITKGP / SKB / L2 •4
Dry Pack
Existing concrete
beam and slab
Strengthening of
New steel channel
Beams
Existing column
EL
(a)
Existing concrete
PT
beam and slab
Wedge to deflect channel
N
New predeflected steel
channel attached at the ends
Existing column
(b)
•NPCBAERM / IITKGP / SKB / L3
Strengthening
of Beams
EL
PT
N
Existing slab and
beam
Strengthening of
Beam Soffit
EL
Epoxy
adhesive
PT
N
Steel Plate
Anchors
•4/1/2022 •RRI / IITKGP / SKB / L2 •7
Strengthening
of Beam
EL
PT
N
Conclusion
Discussed:
EL
Jacketing techniques for columns
PT
N
A few Retrofitting measures for beams
N
PT
EL
EL
Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Infrastructure
PT
Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya
N
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Module : Retrofitting of Concrete Structures
Lecture 04 : Retrofitting Techniques for structural elements bsri@[Link]
Concepts Covered
EL
PT
A few Retrofitting techniques for reinforced concrete
beam members
N
Beam-column junction through a case study
The retrofitting of a structure involves improving its performance in
carrying the intended loads safely and effectively.
This may be done through modifications to one or more of:
EL
Columns
Beams
PT
Walls
N
Foundations
Horizontal diaphragms
Joints between structural elements
STRNGTHENING OF BEAMS BY PRESTRESSING
Advantages:
•Old structure can be pre-stressed .
EL
•Excellent result to control the crack.
PT
•Recovery in deflection.
N
Post tensioned Plate
STRUCTURE STRNGTHENED BY PRESTRESSING
Different pre-stressing system
EL
PT
N
STRUCTURE STRNGTHENED BY PRESTRESSING
EL
PT
N
6
A Case-Study
Damaged Column
EL
PT
N
Stage 1 - prop to support existing loads
Stage-1
Temporary
EL
Support
PT
N
Firm Base
Stage - 2
EL
PT
N
Stage - 3
EL
PT
N
Stage - 4
EL
PT
N
Stage - 5
EL
PT
N
Conclusion
Discussed:
EL
Prestressing techniques for beams / slabs
PT
N
A case study to demonstrate how a beam-
column junction can be retrofitted.
N
PT
EL
EL
Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Infrastructure
PT
Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya
N
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Module : Retrofitting of Concrete Structures
Lecture 05 : Retrofitting Techniques for structural elements bsri@[Link]
Concepts Covered
EL
PT
Retrofitting techniques for reinforced concrete
members using Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP)
N
DIFFERENT FORMS OF FRP
Different shape
A Structural reinforcing bar
of FRP
TYPES OF FRP BARS
EL
PT
Aramid FRP bar
N
Glass FRP bar
Carbon FRP bar Pultrusion
APPLICATION PROCESS OF FRP ON DISTRESSED SURFACES
• SUBSTRATE PREPARATION
• Sound bond to a sound substrate.
• The skin of the concrete can be the weakest
EL
link in the strengthening process.
PT
• Remove the dust, dirt, oil,& any other
N
material on the concrete surface then make
rough by proper methods like
• Abrasive blasting,
• Grinding,
• Water jetting.
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd…..)
• Repair the cracks, spalls and other surface voids by the suitable repair
mortar or epoxy injected.
• The corner must have round edge min.5 to 10mm rad. in square and
rectangular element.
EL
PT
N
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd…..)
• Top coat is to be applied
• Once the substrate surface is prepared,
EL
an epoxy primer coat is applied using a
PT
short or medium-tap roller.
N
• Typically the primer epoxy is of low
viscosity allowing to penetrate the
concrete.
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd…..)
• Next, using trowel, an epoxy putty
or paste be applied to fill any
surface defects.
EL
PT
• Putty or paste can be applied to
the freshly primed surface without
N
waiting for the primer to cure.
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd…..)
• Next, the substrate be coated with a layer of
epoxy to impregnate the dry fibers and to
maintain those in their intended orientation.
EL
• Typically applied with a medium-tap roller.
PT
• The saturant epoxy may be coloured.
N
• Now, the CFRP sheets be cut as per
required shape and size prior to installation.
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd….)
• Now, the FRP sheet be placed on the
concrete substrate pressing gently into the
saturant, the surface be treated two or
EL
three times with roller to remove any air
bubbles.
PT
N
• After removing the backing paper, a ribbed
roller be rolled in the direction of fibre to
facilitate impregnation by separating the
fibers.
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd…..)
• To allow absorption of the first
saturant coat, 30 minutes time be
EL
allowed after rolling the sheet,
then a medium-tap roller be used
PT
to apply a second coat of saturant.
N
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd…..)
• Now, it takes about one week to complete curing of epoxy resin at 20 deg C and
about two weeks at 10 deg C.
EL
PT
N
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd…..)
• Finally, urethane or fluorine
based paint, two or three coats
be applied.
EL
PT
• The mimic color of concrete offer
N
the protection from ultraviolet
light, chemical splash, abrasion,
environmental exposures, and
fire.
APPLICATION PROCESS (Contd……)
SURFACE PREPARATION
SATURANT
EL
FRP LAYER
SATURANT
PT
PUTTY
N
FINISH COLOR
Fibre sheet application
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
• FLEXURAL STRNGTHENING IN BEAM INCREASE.
EL
PT
DUE TO THE HIGH LOADING FLEXURAL CRACK OCCURS
N
APPLICATION OF FRP INCREASES THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF BEAM.
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
• SHEAR STRNGTHENING OF BEAMS :
EL
PT
N
DUE TO HIGH LOADING, SHEAR CRACK OCCURS AT SUPPORT
AFTER APPLYING STRIP OF FRP, STRENGTHENING OCCURS.
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
TO INCREASE THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF BEAMS
EL
PT
N
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
• Increase the flexure and shear capacity of beams.
EL
PT
N
Conclusion
Discussed:
EL
Retrofitting techniques using FRP have been
PT
discussed and the application process is
N
explained.
N
PT
EL
EL
Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Infrastructure
PT
Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya
N
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Module : Retrofitting of Concrete Structures
Lecture 06 : Retrofitting Techniques for structural elements bsri@[Link]
Concepts Covered
EL
PT
A few Retrofitting techniques for reinforced concrete
members using FRP material
N
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
• STRENGTHENING OF COLUMN MEMBERS:
EL
[Link]
CONFINED THE
LAMINATE
PT
COLUMN BY
INCREASE
WRAPPING
BENDING CAP.
N
CFRP
OF COLUMN.
AXIAL LOAD IS MORE APPLY FRP & APPLY FRP & INCREASE
THAN RESISTING INCREASE AXIAL AXIAL & BENDING
CAPACITY LOAD RESISTING RESISTING CAPACITY
CAPACITY
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
WRAPPING THE CARBON FIBER IN COMPRESSION MEMBER
EL
PT
N
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
INCREASE RESISTING CAPACITY AT BEAM-COLUMN JOINT:
EL
PT
N
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
• Jacketing of the existing column with CFRP wrapping
EL
PT
N
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
PROVIDING FRP
LAMINATE AT
EL
REGULAR SPACING
AND INCREASING
PT
THE FLEXURAL
RESISTING CAPACITY
N
OF SLAB.
STRUCTURAL STRNGTHENING
• INCREASE THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF SLAB
EL
PT
N
APPLICATION OF FRP
• Typical RC Beam in Need for Repair
• corroded steel
• spalling concrete
EL
PT
N
APPLICATION PROCESS
• Concrete Surface Preparation
• Smooth, free of dust and
EL
foreign objects, oil, etc.
PT
• Application of primer and
N
putty (if required by the
manufacturer)
APPLICATION PROCESS
• Column Wrapping with FRP Application device
EL
PT
N
COLUMN DUCTILITY
EL
PT
N
Conclusion
Discussed:
EL
Jacketing techniques for columns using FRP
PT
N
Retrofitting measures for beam-column joint and slab
N
PT
EL
EL
Retrofitting and Rehabilitation of Civil Infrastructure
PT
Prof. S. K. Bhattacharyya
N
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Module : Retrofitting of Concrete Structures
Lecture 07 : Seismic Strengthening of structural elements bsri@[Link]
Concepts Covered
EL
PT
A few Retrofitting techniques for reinforced concrete
beam members
N
What is Seismic Strengthening?
Strengthening is the modification of structure (damaged or
undamaged) with the purpose of increasing its load carrying
capacity or stability with respect to its previous state.
EL
The main purpose of the seismic strengthening is to upgrade
PT
the seismic resistance of a distressed building while repairing
N
so that it becomes safer under future earthquake occurrences.
3
N
PT
EL
RC jacketing involves placement of new
longitudinal reinforcement and transverse
reinforcement bars in the new concrete overlay
around existing member.
NEW
EL
PT
EXISITING
N 5
N
PT
EL
N
PT
EL
N
PT
EL
Conclusion
Discussed:
EL
Aspects of Seismic strengthening
PT
N
Use of different techniques
N
PT
EL