CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL
t2
q kN/m2
a b) Geometry input
B= 3.25 m
b1 = 0.25 m
hr he Df = 0.60 m
H
ts = 0.25 m
STEM he = 2.50 m
a= 0.00 m
Df t1 = 0.20 m
ts TOE HEEL
t2 = 0.20 m
b1 t1 b2
B b2 = 3.00 m
SECTI ON A- A & B- B h= 2.75 m
H = 2.75 m
1) Design I nputs
a) Material
Concrete grade fc = 21 Mpa
Steel grade fy = 414 Mpa
Material f actor f= 0.9
Conrete density gc = 24 kN/ m3
Soil density gs = 18 kN/ m3
Water Density gw = 9.81 kN/ m3
Angle of repose f or soil θ= 30 degree
Coeffi cient of active earth pressure ka = 1-sin(θ) ka = 0.33 redian
1+sin(θ)
Coeffi cient of passive earth pressure ka = 1-sin(θ)
1+sin(θ)
Saf e Bearing Capacity f [Link] = 180 kPa
Coeff of f riction f or Sliding m= 0.5
c) Loading
Surcharge pressure q= 3.6 kN/ m2
Design Summary
F.S against Overturning = 12.45 > 1.5 Safe !!
F.S against Sliding = 3.69 > 1.5 Safe !!
Max. bearing pressure = 39.15 kPa < 180 kPa Hence Safe
Wall Main reinforcement = 16 @ 390c/ c
Heel Top Main reinforcement= 16 @ 665c/ c
Toe bottom main reinforcement
= 16 @ 550c/ c
2) Design Output
2.1) Stability Calculation
a) Check f or Overturning W5
q kN/m2
W3 W1
h
H2
W4
H1
h/3
W2
O
ka.s.h ka.q
fbmax = 39.15 fbmin = 32.16
38.612
39.042
Calculation of overturning moment about "O"
Load mkd Load (kN) Distance(m) Mo (kNm)
H1 12.36 0.917 11.33
H2 3.3 1.375 4.538
Total 15.66 kN 15.87 kNm
Calculation of Restoring Moment about "O"
Load mkd Load (kN) Distance(m) Mro(kNm)
W1 73.58 1.95 143.5
W2 19.5 1.625 31.69
W3 12 0.15 1.8
W4 0 0.25 0
W5 10.8 1.95 21.06
Total 115.9 kN 198.0 kNm
Total Overturning Moment Mo = 15.9 kNm
Total Restoring Moment Mro = 198.1 kNm
Factor of Saf ety = Mro/ Mo = 198.1 / 15.9 = 12.45 > 1.5 Safe !!
b) Check f or Sliding
Total Horizontal f orce H = 15.7 kN
Restoring f orce = m x S W = 0.5 x 115.875 Hr = 57.94 kN
Factor Saf ety = Hr/ H = 57.9375/ 15.7 = 3.69 > 1.5 Safe !!
c) Check f or Bearing pressure
C.g of Load x = (Mro-Mo)/ P = 1.572
eccentricity e = B/ 2 - x = 0.053
f bmax = P/ A(1 +6.e/ B) = 39.15 kPa <180 kPa
f bmin = P/ A(1 - 6.e/ B) = 32.16 kPa >0
Hence Safe
2.2) Structural Design
a) Design of Stem (vertical reinf orcement - inner f ace-(1))
Thickness at bottom of the stem t1 = 200 mm
Diametre of the bar used db = 16 mm
Clear cover to the main bar c = 40 mm
Eff ective depth de = 152 mm
Moment at root of the stem =[Link] / 6 +[Link] / 2
3 2
= 19.38 kNm
Design moment Mu =1.6.M Mu = 31 kNm
Rmz = Mu/ (bd )2
= 1.342 N/ mm2
% steel r = [Link] 1 - 1 - [Link] = 0.0034 >0.0018
fy [Link]
Hence Ast = 0.00336x1000x152 = 510.7 mm2
Spacing of 16 dia bar s = 393.7 mm
Provide F 16 @ 390c/ c
Check f or shear
Total shear at root V= [Link].he2/ 2 +[Link] = 21.75 kN
Design shear stress vu = 1.6 V/ (bd) = 0.229 N/ mm2
All. shear stress vc = f. f c / 6 = 0.687 N/ mm2 Safe!!
Wall vertical reinf orcement - Outer f ace (2)
Diametre of the bar used db = 16 mm
Average eff depth = (t1+t2)/ 2-db/ 2-c de = 152 mm
Min % steel r = 0.0015 Ref ACI 318-05
Area of steel reqd = 0.0015 x 152 x 1000 Ast = 228 mm2 Cl. 14.3.2
Spacing of 16 dia bar s = 881.9 mm
Provide F 16 @ 600c/ c
b) Design of Heel Slab( Top reinf orcement-(3))
Thickness at base slab t1 = 250 mm
Diametre of the bar used db = 16 mm
Clear cover to the main bar c = 75 mm
Eff ective depth de = 167 mm
Calculation of net pressure in the heel slab
f 2= 1.97
W1+W2+q =34.125
f 1=-4
=
32.16
38.6
Moment at f ace of the wall =f 1*b22/ 2+(f 2-f 1).b22/ 3 = -0.82 kNm
Design moment =1.6.M Mu = -1.31 kNm
Rmz = Mu/ (bd )2
= -0.05 N/ mm2
% steel r = [Link] 1 - 1 - [Link] = -0.00011 <0.0018
fy [Link]
Hence Ast = 0.0018x1000x167 = 300.6 mm2
Spacing of 16 dia bar = 668.9 mm
Provide F 16 @ 665c/ c
Check f or shear
Total shear at f ace of wall V = (f 1+f 2)/ 2*b2 = -3.78 kN
Design shear stress vu = 1.6 V/ (bd) = -0.04 N/ mm2
All. shear stress vc = f. f c / 6 = 0.687 N/ mm2 Safe!!
c) Design of Toe Slab( Bottom reinf orcement (4))
Thickness at base slab t1 = 250 mm
Diametre of the bar used db = 16 mm
Clear cover to the main bar c = 50 mm
Eff ective depth de = 192 mm
Calculation of net pressure in the toe slab
de
W2 = 6
= f4 = 33.0
39.0 f3 = 33.15 f5 = 33.125
39.15
Moment at f ace of the wall =f 4*b12/ 2+(f 3-f 4).b12/ 3 = 1.035 kNm
Design moment =1.6.M Mu = 1.656 kNm
Rmz =
2
Mu/ (bd ) = 0.045 N/ mm2
% steel r = [Link] 1 - 1 - [Link] = 0.00011 <0.0018
fy [Link]
Hence Ast = 0.0018x1000x192 = 345.6 mm2
Spacing of 16 dia bar = 581.8 mm
Provide F 16 @ 550c/ c
Check f or shear
Shear at d f rom f ace of wall V =(f 3+f 5)/ 2.(b1-de) = 1.922 kN
Design shear stress vu = 1.6 V/ (bd) = 0.016 N/ mm2
All. shear stress vc = f. fc / 6 = 0.687 N/ mm2 Safe!!
horizontal reinf orcement
Wall(5)
Average thickness of Wall= (t1+t2)/ 2 t = 200 mm
Min % steel required f or shrinkage & temperature r = 0.002 Ref ACI 318-05
Ast reqd f or whole section = 0.002 x 200 x 1000 Ast = 400 mm 2
Cl. 14.3.3
Above steel shall be distributed in both the f aces Ast/ 2 = 200 mm 2
Dia of bars used = 16 mm
Spacing of bars = 200 mm
Provide F 16 @ 200c/ c
Base Slab(6)
Average thickness of Wall= ts = 250 mm
Min % steel required f or shrinkage & temperature r = 0.0018 Ref ACI 318-05
Ast reqd f or whole section = 0.0018 x 250 x 1000 Ast = 450 mm2
Cl. [Link](b)
Above steel shall be distributed in both the f aces Ast/ 2 = 225 mm2
Dia of bars used = 16 mm
Spacing of bars = 200 mm
Provide F 16 @ 200c/ c