THEORY OF

ARCHITECTURE II

UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

AY 2023-2024
TAMAG,VIGAN CITY, ILOCOS SUR.

PRESENTATION BY
ARCHITECT GIUSEPPE FIDEL NOE R. ALONZO, uap

AR.G.F. ALONZO 1
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
An organized system of accepted knowledge that
applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a
specific set of phenomena

2
 Theory of Architecture is not
History of Architecture by another name.

History deals with buildings and the various styles of

architecture which have arisen throughout time. History in
this sense is a DESCRIPTION of the architectural facts.

AR.C.A.T. ANDRADA 3
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Theory attempts to provide an EXPLANATION

for those facts.

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 THE VITRUVIUS’ PRINCIPLE
These three (3) fundamental PRINCIPLES are the essential to architecture:

FUNCTION STRUCTURE OR STRENGTH BEAUTY or AESTHETICS

“UTILITAS” “FIRMITAS” “VENUSTAS”

how a building is used. how a building stands up. visual and sensory appeal
of a building.

AR. G.F. ALONZO 5

WHERE DO ARCHITECTURAL IDEAS
COME FROM?

6
 Site and Context

Client Needs and Requirements

Historical and Cultural References

Innovation and Technology

Conceptual Frameworks

Collaboration and Dialogue

Natural Forms and Patterns

Art and Culture

Personal Vision and Expression 7

The Dancing House, or Ginger and Fred
By: Frank Ghery and Vlado Milunic

8
DESIGN PROCESS
The design process in architecture refers to the systematic
approach architects take to create buildings or structures
that fulfill specific requirements and objectives.

AR.G.F. ALONZO 9
DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN
MANNER RESUL
T

[Link] 10
AR.G.F. ALONZO 11
ARCHITECTURE AS DESIGN PROBLEM

• NO DEFINITE FORMULA THAT ENSURES ITS SOLUTION

• NO DEFINITE END

• CAN BE ENGAGED IN A VARIETY OF APPROACHES

• USE DIFFERENT BEGINNING AND ARRIVES IN DIFFERENT ENDINGS

• HAS NO DEFINITE ANSWERS

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METHODOLOGY
A systematic method of problem solving,
builds upon the concept by helping to make
the best use of the design tools acquired in
the creativity

AR.G.F. ALONZO 13
PROCESS METHODOLOGY

An on-going, repeatable Has a prescribed period

effort that typically has to solve a problem
no defined end point. & complete a project.

DYNAMIC STRUCTURED

AR.C.A.T. ANDRADA 14
PROCESS METHODOLOGY
Exploration Implied

Ideas
- Completely unexpected, Results can be
new possibilities predicted

DYNAMIC STRUCTURED

AR.C.A.T. ANDRADA 13
DESIGN PARADIGM
AN EXAMPLE
• STEP 1-Identifying a problem and its social, economic
and physical context.
STEP 2 • STEP 2-Collecting relevant information and
PREPARATION establishing goals and criteria for an acceptable
solution.
• STEP 3-Discovering constraints and opportunities, and
STEP 1 STEP 3 hypothesizing possible alternative solutions.
INITIATIO SYNTHESIS
N

STEP 6 • STEP 4-Stimulating, testing and modifying acceptable

RE- STEP 4 alternatives according to specified goals and criteria .
EVALUATIO EVALUATIO • STEP 5-Selecting and implementing the most suitable
N solution.
N
STEP 5 • STEP 6-Assessing how well an implemented solution
ACTIO in use satisfies the specified goals and criteria.

AR.G.F. ALONZO 16
PROJECT “ PROCESS” OR TIMELINE
AS PER STANDARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES-SPP DOCUMENT 202
• PROJECT DEFINITION /PRE-DESIGN PHASE-PD
- definition of requirements of the project by the Owner

• SCHEMATIC DESIGN PHASE-SD

- preparation of schematic design studies leading to Conceptual Plans

• DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PHASE-DD

- approved Schematic Design Plans - plans for Statutory Permits submissions

• CONTRACT DOCUMENTS PHASE-CD

- preparation of detailed Architectural and Engineering Drawings to be used as reference for
Construction

• BIDDING OR NEGOTIATION PHASE

- preparation of Bid Documents - assists the Owner in the selection of a Contractor

• CONSTRUCTION PHASE
- execution of the Contract Documents - periodic Site visit
AR.G.F. ALONZO 14
STANDARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
SPP DOCUMENT 202

• PRE-DESIGN PHASE-PD
- EVEN BEFORE BEGINNING THE ARCHITECT MAY BE ASKED TO
PERFORM THE FOLLOWING TASKS:
• SITE SELECTION AND EVALUATION
• ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
• COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
• FEASIBILITY STUDIES
• PROGRAMMING
• COST ANALYSIS
• CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

AR.G.F. ALONZO 15
STANDARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
SPP DOCUMENT 202

• SCHEMATIC DESIGN PHASE-SD

- MAJOR DESIGN IDEAS ARE PROPOSED AND EXPLORED, INCLUDING
ALTERNATE SCHEMES. DRAWINGS PRODUCED IN THIS PHASE:
• SITE PLAN
• FLOOR PLANS
• ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS
(SUFFICIENT FOR COST ESTIMATE)
- SD OFTEN REQUIRES MULTIPLE PRESENTATIONS TO THE CLIENT FOR
REVIEW AND APPROVAL AND CAN ENCOMPASS THE PRODUCTION OF:
• PERSPECTIVES
• MODELS

AR.G.F. ALONZO 16
STANDARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
SPP DOCUMENT 202

• DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PHASE-DD

- THE DETAILED DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN (AS ESTABLISHED IN SD)
RESULTING IN A DRAWING SET SUITABLE FOR A MORE ACCURATE COST
ESTIMATE. COORDINATION WITH CONSULTANTS IS KEY IN THIS PHASE TO
IDENTIFY AND ADRESS POTENTIAL PROBLEMS BEFORE THE DESIGN HAS
PROCEEDED TOO FAR. DRAWINGS PRODUCED IN THIS PHASE:
• CONSTRUCTION DETAILES
• INTERIOR ELEVATIONS
• SPECIFICATIONS
(ALL OF WHICH WILL BE FURTHER REFINED IN THE CD PHASE)

AR.G.F. ALONZO 17
STANDARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
SPP DOCUMENT 202
• CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENT PHASE-CD
- THE “WORKING DRAWING” PROJECT PHASE-EVERY ASPECT OF THE DESIGN IS DRAWN TO SCALE
AND APPROPRIATELY SPECIFIED, IS TIME AND ENERGY INTENSIVE, PROJECT TEAMS USUALLY GROW
LARGER.
- CD DRAWINGS ARE TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE CONTRACTOR , BUILDING DEPARTMENTS AND
OTHER OFFICIALS TO ACQUIRE NECESSARY PERMITS.
- DRAWINGS PRODUCED IN THIS PHASE:
• SITE PLAN
• FLOOR PLANS
• REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
• ELEVATIONS & SECTIONS
• DOORS AND WINDOWS SCHEDULE
• BLOW UPS AND DETAILS
• EQUIPMENT SCHEDULE
• SCHEDULE OF FINISHES
• WRITTEN SPECIFICATIONS
• BILL OF MATERIALS
• DRAWINGS OF ENGINEERS AND OTHER CONSULTANTS

AR.G.F. ALONZO 18
STANDARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
SPP DOCUMENT 202

• CONSTRUCTION ADMINISTRATION PHASE-CA

- THOUGH THE PROJECT IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, THE ARCHITECT MUST
STILL MAINTAIN CONTROL OVER ITS OUTCOME , BOTH THROUGH REGULAR
SITE VISITS, IN WHICH CONSTRUCTION QUALITY IS OBSERVED FOR ITS
CONFORMANCE TO THE CD SET. AND BY OVERSEEING SOLUTIONS TO
UNANTICIPATED PROBLEMS AS THEY ARISE.
- THE ARCHITECT MUST REVIEW SHOP DRAWINGS, CHANGE ORDERS, AND
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION FROM THE CONTRACTOR.
- AT THE END OF CONSTRUCTION, THE ARCHITECT PREPARES THE PUNCH LIST
AND ASSISTS IN OBTAINING A CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY.

AR.G.F. ALONZO 19
THANK YOU!

REFERENCES
• THE ARCHITECTURE REFERENCE AND SPECIFICATION BOOK-JULIA
MCMORROUGH
• POWERPOINT PRESENTATION –[Link] BEULAH T. GASCON
• POWERPOINT PRESENTATION –[Link] ANDRADA
• SPP DOCUMENT 202

AR.G.F. ALONZO 20