Modernization and Political Modernization
Contents
[Link]
2. Origin of Modernization
[Link] of Modernization
4. Elements of Modernization
5. Obstacles to Modernization
[Link] of Political Modernization
[Link] of Political Modernization
8. Aspects of Political Modernization
9. Conclusion
Introduction
i. Social change and modernization are interrelated.
ii. Modernization has stirred it as a movement is newly liberated states of the
Third World.
iii. Human society is constantlychanging which affects people's lives.
iv. Modernization may be a prerequisite for Political Modernization, but ideas
do not have the same meaning.
Origin of Modernization
a. When the industrial revolution began in Europe in the late nineteenth .
the concept of modernization began.
h Moderhization stated from Britain. Then sprcad to the whole world:
c. Then the lrend of political analysis begam by cousidering westem scictics as
nodels.
Definition of Modernization
1. Modernization is a mulifaceted, a dynamic and a comprehensive concept.
2. The exact and most acceptableanswer to modernization
is not yet available.
Because this is a confuse subject.
Which is understandablebut complicated to explain.
3. Generally speaking, modernization is the process of building a modern
society.
Claude Welch says in his book Political Modernization',modernization is the
process based upon the rational utilization of resources and aimed at the
establishmentof a 'modern' He of some
society. tells characteristics of a modern
society.
> The use of technology
> Massive social interdependence
> Urbanization
> Increasing the rate of educated
Social mobility
In his book The Politics of Modernization', David Apter explains
modernization,development, industrialization as a separatebut interrelated social
elements.
David Apter also says that 'modernizationis a
special kind of hope'.
Lucian Pye says in his book 'Aspectsof Political Development', modernization
is a process of social change that forces traditional village and tribal societies to
respond tothe pressures and demands of the modern, industrialized and urbanized
world.
By modernization Daniel Lerner means certain aspects of the cultural changes
which have been stimulated by western growth model, these aspects are:
Industrial urbanization
Mass literacy
Media participation
V Political participation
Daniel believes that modernization is the new term for old process.
> For a thorough analysis of modernization theory, theorists divided the three
schools of researchinto discussions
Firstly: Economist think that this an economic phenomenon that is related to
the industrialization process.
Secondly: Social scientists think that it is related to psychological and
behavioral changes.
Thirdly: Political scientists think it is related to political aspects. Political
scientists believe that
a. Institutional Framework,
b. Demand control power,
C. Participation are leading to modernization.
Elements of ModernizalioiL
Economic
k Development
Political Indusrualization
Modernization
Social Urbanization
Giobalization
Elements
Development
'Social of Science and
Variability Technology
Increasing the Infrastructure
rate of
Development
Education
Economic. Development
2industrialization
B Urbanization
A Development of Science and Technology
Br Infrastructure Development
6:Increasingthe rate of Education
& Social Variability
Social Globalization
PoliticalModermization
Obstacles to Modernization
as a result of the usc of
social system has changed
Although the traditional
obstacles in the way of modernization from
advanced technology, there are
traditional society.
and ideas of
Firstly: Toobstruct the modernization of past thoughts, meditations
any society.
People want to hold onto his past.
begins in asociety.
This is seen as a major obstacles when modernization
modernization is severely hampered.
Secondly: Due to political constraints,
Traditional leader don't want to modernization any society.
which hinder
V They hamper various reform programs for modernization,
modernization.
lack of capital, modernization is not possible.
Thirdly: Due to
industrialization cannot be done, technological
Without capital,
system cannot be
development cannot be made, and communication
improved.
is high, modernization is more
Fourthly: In a society where social conflict
hindered.
Fifthly: Modernization is many cases hinders modernization itself.
V For this, the sectorof modernization have to be defined.
Definitioit of Poliiic:! Modeinization
1. Political scientists explain modernization bascd on the political context.
2. A sociely can be called a modern socicty when political modernization is
completed.
3. Political Scientists point out that there is a difference between modernization
and political modernization.
4. In a society where there is modernization,
it is natural for there to be political
modernization.
5. Again, in a society where there is political modenization, there is
modernization.
6. That is, political modernization and modernization are interconnected.
Robert E. Ward says in his book 'Political Modernization and PoliticalCulture
in Japan', a modern polity is a subsystem of a modern society.
Samuel P. Huntington says in his book Political Order in Changing Society',
political modernization involves the rationalization of authority the difference of
structure and the expansion of political participation.
7. The main aim of political modernization is to develop an institutional
framework that is flexible and powerful enough to carry out the functions ofa
political system.
Agents of Political Modernization
Political modernization is a slow and time-consuming process. Different
organization play different roles in this process. It contains
(1,,Political party
(2.,Bureaucracy
(6.) Intellectual class
(4..Youth community
5: Arnny
(0. Mass Media
7)Urban Workers
(8. Interest group
9. Social organization
([Link] society
(l1. Farmer society
Aspects of Political Modernization
Political modernization can again be analyzed on the basis of three
characteristics. Such as
Firstly: Concentrate power in the hands of the state and there by deprive of
the traditionalsources of power:
a. The first feature of political modernization is a dramatic change in the
positionof authority.
b. Tribal chiefs, petty, rulers etc. graduallylost their power.
c. Secular and national political authority came to power in place of religious
and traditional authority.
d. This is how political development and modernization is done.
Secondly: Separation and Specializationof political institutions:
a. Another important feature of political modernization is the separationand
specialization of political institutions.
Because the political system is socomplex.
b. A political system has to take different decisions.
Asa result, the scope of the political system increases.
c. On the one hand. the complexity of political activities, on thc other hand,
the separation and spccialization of political institutions duc to the
is
proliferation of activities.
Thirdly: nereasing tendency of political participation:
a. Another important feature of political modernization is political
participation.
modernization in a society, the tendency of people to
b. Whenever there is
participate inpolitics willincrease.
be widespread awareness among the people
C. Atthe same time, there will
about national politics.
Conclusion