VALUES FORMATION

Learning Outcomes:
 Define values and clarify how one’s values are being
formed;
 Illustrate the foundation of one’s values;
 Relate the core values of MSU-IIT to personal values;
 Comment on the ambivalence of the Filipino values;
 Appreciate the importance of good values;
 Demonstrate good Filipino traits and values.

I. Learning Resources:
Television, Power point presentation, paper, pens, ready-made cut out cartolina or bond
paper, scotch tape

II. Methodology:
Lecture discussion, “Think and Share”, “I AGREE, I DISAGREE, I AM UNCERTAIN” group activities,
Role Playing on the Ambivalence of Filipino Values

I AGREE, I DISAGREE, I AM UNCERTAIN Activity

1. Through this activity, you will be able to express your feelings about a
particular value.
2. There are signs posted in the board which shows “I AGREE, I
DISAGREE, I AM UNCERTAIN”.
3. In a ready-made cut out cartolinas/bond paper, write your values and
post them in the other corner of your room.
4. When all of you had already posted their own values, you pick the
values which you agree, disagree, and uncertain to the corresponding
signs posted at the board. Take turns in expressing how you feel on
the different values posted.
5. There are no wrong or right answers, instead only opinions. Everyone
has the right to express an opinion, and no one will be put down for
having a different value than others. You can change your stand on
any particular value statement at any time.

III. Learning Concepts:

What is a value?
Very often our behavior, what we say and do, is, influenced by our “values”. Values exist,
whether we recognize them or not. We may say that the ideas that we believe are important, the things
that we rate highly are our values. But, what are values? Values can be define as principle, standard, or
quality that has been freely chosen from alternatives and acted upon which is considered worthwhile or
desirable. Values play an important part in our lives because they help us decide what we expect of
ourselves and of others. Life can be easier if we have values which serve as our guide in making decisions.

What is values clarification?

Value clarification is a technique for encouraging individuals to relate their thoughts and their
feelings and thus enrich their awareness of their own values. It is a process by which an individual can
discover values or principles through one’s behavior, feelings, ideas and important choices one has
made.

Why is Value Clarification important?

Clarifying values is an integral part of personal growth. Knowing what's most important to us
provides a blueprint and direction in our lives. Values Clarification is a key area in our self-knowledge
because we develop a greater awareness of our core values. Knowing our core values or what's most
important to us is extremely relevant to creating goals, setting priorities, and managing our time. We’ll
have solid ideas about where we'll commit blocks of our energy and time. Less important areas can be
set aside or dropped from our schedules. When we have to make choices between activities, we'll have
our core values to guide us. When we clarify our values, we also have the opportunity to strengthen our
value system and integrity and to integrate ourselves into wholeness.
Every organization, composed of individuals having values, naturally also has synergistic values
for the organizations to function effectively. One place where values are important is in relation to
vision. One of the imperatives for organizational vision is that it must be based on and consistent with
the organization's core values. MSU-IIT, as a huge institution having more than a thousand of faculty,
staff and students that has grown significantly as an academic institution from its conception in 1968,
attribute this growth to its core values listed below:

 Commitment: Being bound emotionally and intellectually to the institution

 Excellence: Being superior in one’s performance, product and/or output
 Teamwork: Being able to work collaboratively with others in a group
 Integrity: Ability to stand up for what is morally right and to fulfill commitments and
promises
 Accountability: Accepting responsibility for one’s action

What are Filipino Values?

Filipino values evolved from various factors that influenced the historical development of the
Philippines. Some of them are native among the Filipinos but some had their foreign roots identifies
with foreign cultures like the Chinese, Spaniards, and Americans.

The Ambivalence of the Filipino Values (by: Prof. Emerita S. Quito)

1. Bahalana (resignation)
o Negative, because one leaves everything to chance under the pretext of trusting in Divine
providence. This trait is really laziness disguised in religious garb.
 Positive, because one relies on a superior power rather than on one's own. It is conducive
to humility, modesty, and lack of arrogance.
2. Hiya(shame/sensitivity)
o Negative, because it arrests or inhibits one’s action. This trait reduces one to smallness or
to what Nietzsche calls the “morality of slaves”, thus congealing the soul of the Filipino
and emasculating him/her, making him/her timid, meek and weak.
 Positive, because a person considers other people’s feelings and avoids arguments or
offense to others.
3. Kanya-kanya (self-centeredness)
 o Negative, because self-centered; one has no regard for others. So long as my family and I
are not in need, I do not care about the world.
 Positive, because one takes care of oneself and one's family: "Blood is thicker than water."
4. Kasi (because, i. e., scapegoat)
o Negative, because one disowns responsibility and makes a scapegoat out of someone or
something. One is never to blame; one remains lily white and has a ready alibi for failure.
 Positive, because one can see both sides of the picture and know
exactly where a project failed. One will never suffer from guilt or self-recrimination.
5. Ningas Cogon (procrastination)
o Negative, by all standards, because it begins ardently and dies down as soon as it begins.
This trait renders one inactive and unable to initiate things or to persevere.
 Positive, in a way, because it makes a person nonchalant, detached, indifferent,
nonplussed should anything go wrong, and hence conducive to peace and tranquility.
6. Mañana or “Bukasna” (procrastination)
o Negative, because one constantly postpones action and accomplishes nothing. This
aggravates a situation, a problem grows beyond correction, a leak or a small break
becomes a gaping hole. This arises from an indolent mentality that a problem will go away
by itself.
 Positive, because one is without stress and tension; one learns to take what comes
naturally. Like the Chinese wu-wei, this trait makes one live naturally and without undue
artificiality.
7. Pakikisama (group loyalty)
o Negative, because one closes one’s eyes to evils like graft and corruption in order to
conserve peace and harmony in a group at the expense of one’s comfort.
 Positive, because one lives for others; peace or lack of dissension is a constant goal.
8. Patigasan (test of strength)
o Negative, because it is stubborn and resists all efforts at reconciliation. The trait makes us
childish, vindictive, irresponsible, irrational. Actions resulting from this trait are leaving the
phone off the hook to get even with one's party line; stopping the engine of the car to
prove that one has the right of way; standing one's ground until the opposite party loses
its patience.
 Positive, because it is assign that we know our rights and are not easily cowed into
submission. It is occidental in spirit, hence in keeping with Nietzsche's "will to power."
9. Saving Face
o Negative, because, being closely related to hiya and kasi, it enables a person to shirk
responsibility. One is never accountable for anything.
 Positive, because one's psyche is saved from undue embarrassment, sleepless nights,
remorse of conscience. It saves one from accountability or responsibility. This trait enables
one to make a graceful exit from guilt instead of facing the music and owning responsibility
for an offense.
10. Sakop (inclusion)
o Negative, because one never learns to be on one's own but relies on one's family and
relatives. This trait stunts growth and prevents a person from growing on one's own.
Generating a life of parasitism, this trait is very non-existential. Blaring music, loud tones
are a result of this mentality. We wrongly think that all people like the music we play or
the stories we tell. This mentality also makes us consider the world as one vast comfort
room.
 Positive, because one cares for the family and clan; one stands or falls with them. This trait
makes a person show concern for the family to which he belongs.
11. Utang na loob (indebtedness)
o Negative, because one overlooks moral principles when one is indebted to a person. One
who is beholden to another person will do anything to please him, thinking that by doing
 so he is able to repay a debt. One condones what the other person does and will never
censure him for wrongdoing.
 Positive, because it is a recognition of one's indebtedness. This trait portrays the spirit
behind the Filipino saying, "He who does not know how to look to the past will never reach
his destination."
12. Other Filipino values
Pakiusap (appeal) Lagay (bribe)
Palakasan (show of power) Bata System (nepotism)
Sipsip (bribery) Bayanihan (cooperation)
Palusot (alibi) “Being heroes to each other”
Delicadeza (finesse) Paggalang (honoring)
Pagdadamayan (comforting)

IV. Assessment

1. What did you learn about yourself and of others?

2. What did you discover about yourself when your clarified your values?
3. How will express your disagreement with another person’s values?
4. How would you react when you are in a situation that you are unable to stand for your values?
5. As a student of MSU-IIT, how will you demonstrate the core values of the institute?
6. As a Filipino youth, how would you maintain the positive Filipino values?

IV. Assignment

Form three groups of at least 10 members. For each group, choose at least three of the Filipino values
listed above and role play on the ambivalence of the values that you have chosen. Each group is given
a maximum of 8 minutes performance.

Rubrics for Role Playing

CATEGORY 21 to 25 16 to 20 11 to 15 5 to 10
Point-of-view, Point-of-view,
Point-of-view, arguments, and Point-of-view, arguments, arguments, and arguments, and
Role solutions proposed were and solutions proposed solutions proposed solutions proposed
consistently in character. were often in character. were sometimes in were rarely in
character. character.
Student included all Student included most Student included
Student included more
Required Elements information that was information that was less information
information than was required.
required. required. than was required.
Student uses several props
(could include costume) that Student uses 1-2 props that The student uses no
Student uses 1-2 props
accurately fit the period, show accurately fit the period, props OR the props
Props/Costume which make the
considerable work/creativity and make the presentation chosen detract from
presentation better.
and make the presentation better. the presentation.
better.
Almost all information Most of the information Very little of the
All information appeared to be
Relevance/Accuracy appeared to be relevant and were relevant and information were
relevant and accurate
accurate. accurate. relevant and accurate.

V. References

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