1.

He+ Li++

1.

2.

3.

1.

Ze · e v2
= m e (1)
4πϵ0 r2 r

Bohr

h
L = me vr = n (2)
2π

1 2

2 ϵ0 h 2 n2
r=n = r1
πme Ze2 Z
(3)
Ze2 Z
v= = v1
2nϵ0 h n

1
 2

Z r1 , v 1
Z=n=1 r, v

r1 ≈ 0.053nm
(4)
v1 ≈ 2.2 × 106 m/s

H, He+ , Li++ Z 1, 2, 3,
n=1 n=2

H :r11 = r1 = 0.053nm v11 = v1 = 2.2 × 106 m/s

1
r12 = 4r1 = 0.21nm v12 = v1 = 1.1 × 106 m/s
2
1
He+ :r21 = r1 = 0.026nm v21 = 2v1 = 4.4 × 106 m/s
2
4 2 (5)
r22 = = 0.11nm v22 = v1 = 2.2 × 106 m/s
2 2
1
Li++ :r31 = = 0.018nm v31 = 3v1 = 6.6 × 106 m/s
3
4 3
v32 = = 0.071nm v32 = v1 = 3.3 × 106 m/s
3 2

2.

Ze2 me Z 2 e 4 Z2
E=− = − 2 2 2 = 2 E1 (E1 = −13.6eV ) (6)
8πϵ0 rn 8ϵ h n n

n=1 H, He+ , Li++

EH1 = E1 = −13.6eV

EHe1 = 4E1 = −54.4eV (7)

ELi1 = 9E1 = −123eV

3. n=2

1
Ei = −( − 1)Ei1 = −0.75Ei1 (8)
22
 3

hc
= −0.75Ei1 (9)
λi

λH = 122nm

λHe = 30.4nm (10)

λLi = 13.5nm

1 . h = 6.626 × 10−34 J · s

2.

m0
E=√ = 2m0 c2 (11)
1− v 2 /c2

√
3
v= c (12)
2

E 2 = p2 c2 + M02 c4 = 4m20 c4 (13)

√
p= 3m0 c

h
λ= ≈ 1.4 × 10−12 m (14)
p

3. 1nm
λ1 = 1 × 10−12 m λ2 = 1 × 10−15 m
 4

E = m 0 c2 + E k (15)

E 2 = m20 c4 + p2 c2 (16)

h
p= (17)
λ
15 16 17
Ek
U= e
,

Uk0 = 1.5V (λ = 1nm)

Uk1 = 8.3 × 105 V (18)

Uk2 = 1.24 × 109 V

3 . m0 c2 = 0.51M eV

4. 0.5nm
D = 20cm 2cm eV

. d = 0.5nm,

dsinθ = λ (19)

l 1
sinθ ≈ θ ≈ = (20)
D 20
λ
√ ( )2
√
h
E = m20 c4 + c2 p2 = m20 c4 + c2 (21)
λ
 5

E − m0 c2 ≈ 2.4 × 103 eV (22)

5. B = 0.025T R = 0.83cm

v2
m = evB (23)
R

eBR = mv = p (24)

h
λ= = 2 × 10−11 m (25)
p