CHAPTER-I

HUMAN REPRODUCTION
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [Link] are located
1. Seminiferous tubules contain non- a) Within the seminiferous tubules.
germinal cells called b) In the spaces between adjacent
a) Sertoli cells seminiferous tubules.
b) Interstitial cells c) In the wall of the epididymis.
c) Leydig cells d) Within seminal vesicles
d) None of these 6. Which of the following male accessory
2. The column of erectile tissue along the glands is not a paired structure?
ventral side of penis is a) Seminal gland
a) Corpus luteum b) Prostate gland
b) Corpus cavernosum c) Bulbourethral gland
c) corpus spongiosum d) None of these
d) None of these 7. Which is the male copulatory organ; a
3. Which of the following characteristics is passage way for ejaculation of sperm and
not associated with testosterone? excretion of urine.
a) Maintenance of secondary sex a) Urethra
characteristics b) Penis
b) Responsible for primary sex c) Ejaculatory duct
characteristics d) Ductus deferens
c) Principal androgen 8. Which structure carries the sperm from
d) Protein hormone the scrotum into the abdominopelvic
4. Which of the following is not a function cavity for release by ejaculation?
of Sertoli cells? a) Epididymis
a) To phagocytize excess spermatid b) Ductus deferens
cytoplasm as development c) Ejaculatory duct
proceeds. d) Urethra
b) To control movements of 9. Which gland surrounds the urethra at the
spermatogenic cells and the release base of the bladder and produces
of sperm into the lumen of the secretions that contribute to sperm
seminiferous tubule. motility and viability?
c) To produce fluid for sperm a) Prostate gland
transport and secrete the hormone b) Cowper’s gland
inhibin c) Seminal glands
d) To regulate the effects of LH d) None of these

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10. Which of the following ejects sperm 1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Vas deferens
into the urethra just before ejaculation? 3. Epididymis 4. Ejaculatory duct
a) Epididymis 5. Urethra
b) Ductus deferens a) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
c) Ejaculatory duct b) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
d) None of these c) 5, 4, 2, 3, 1
11. Which gland secretes an alkaline fluid d) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5
to help neutralize acids in the female 16. Semen has a pH of
reproductive tract; secretes fructose for a) 6.2 - 6.5
use in ATP production by sperm. b) 6.5 - 7.0
a) Prostate gland c) 7.2 - 7.7
b) Cowper’s gland d) 7.8 – 7.9
c) Seminal gland 17. Testosterone secretion from Leydig cells
d) None of these is under the control of
12. Which is the shared terminal duct of the a) FSH b) LH
reproductive and urinary systems in the c) Estrogen d) Androgen
male. [Link](A): The testicles of mammals
a) Epididymis are suspended in the scrotum.
b) Ductus deferens Reasoning(R):The optimum temperature
c) Utrehra for sperm production is higher than the
d) Ejaculatory duct normal core body temperature of the
13. Semen contains all of the following organism
except a) A & R correct
a) Mucus. b) A incorrect & R correct
b) Clotting enzymes. c) A correct & R incorrect
c) Substances to lower the pH of the d) Both A & R incorrect
uterine environment. 19. Assertion(A): The penis contains
d) An active clot-dissolving enzyme. erectile tissue.
14. Secretions of which contribute Reasoning(R): when the male is
maximum to the volume of semen. sexually excited, the erectile tissue is
a) Bulbourethral glands filled with blood causing the penis to
b) Seminal vesicles become erect.
c) Prostate gland a) A & R correct
d) Epididymis b) A incorrect & R correct
15. Which sequence best describes the c) A correct & R incorrect
passage of sperm? d) Both A & R incorrect

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20. Fibroblast-like cells called stromal d) None of these
cells are located in 26. Labia majora of women are homologous
a) Germinal epithelium of ovary to which one of men?
b) Tunica albuginea of ovary a) Scrotum
c) Cortex of ovary b) Spongy (penile) urethra
d) Medulla of ovary c) Membranous urethra
[Link] funnel-shaped portion of fallopian d) Glans penis
tube is known as 27. Graafian follicle occupies a position
a) Ampulla a) Deep in the ovarian cortex
b) Isthmus b) Deep in the ovarian medulla
c) Infundibulum c) In the peripheral part of ovarian
d) Fimbri medulla
[Link] widest and longest portion of d) Near the surface of ovary
fallopian tube is 28. The vulva does not include
a) Isthmus a) Vestibule of the vagina
b) Infundibulum b) Clitoris
c) Fimbri c) Mons pubis
d) Ampulla d) Cervix
23. The inferior narrow portion of the 29. Which of the following is not part of a
uterus is known as Graafian follicle?
a) Fundus a) Antrum
b) Cervix b) Liquor folliculi
c) Urethra c) Primary oocyte
d) Body d) Secondary oocyte
24. Paraurethral glands or Skene’s glands 30. The middle layer of uterus is known as
of women are homologous to a) Perimetrium
a) Prostate of men b) Myometrium
b) Cowper’s gland of men c) Endometrium
c) Seminal glands of men d) None of these
d) None of these 31. What refers to the degeneration of
25. Greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands oogonia before and after birth?
of women are homologous to a) Amenorrhea
a) Prostate of men b) Atresia
b) Cowper’s gland of men c) Menopause
c) Seminal glands of men d) None of these

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32. Which of the following structures is 37. Acrosome of sperm contains
the site of spermatogenesis? a) DNA
a) Prostate b) Mitochondria
b) Urethra c) Axial filament
c) Bulbourethral gland d) Hydrolytic enzymes
d) Seminiferous tubule 38. Gametogenesis requires the conclusion
33. During spermatogenesis, the diploid of meiosis II. When does this occur in
daughter cell that begins meiosis is females?
called a a) During foetal development
a) Primary spermatocyte b) At the onset of puberty
b) Secondary spermatocyte c) After fertilization
c) Spermatid d) After implantation
d) Spermatogonium 39. In human females egg is released from
34. Each secondary spermatocyte ovary as
undergoes the second meiotic division a) Primary oocyte
to produce how many spermatids? b) Secondary oocyte
a) 2 c) Ovum
b) 4 d) Oogonium
c) 6 40. Which statement about human oocytes
d) 8 is true?
35. Sperms after being produced, develop a) By birth, the human female infant
motility in has produced a lifetime supply of
a) Epididymis oocytes.
b) Vas deferens b) At the onset of puberty, ovarian
c) Seminiferous tubule follicles produce new oocytes in
d) Urethra response to hormonal stimulation.
36. Arrange the following stages into the c) At the onset of menopause, a
correct sequence. woman stops producing oocytes.
1. Spermatogonium d) Oocytes are produced by a woman
2. Spermatid throughout adolescence.
3. Primary spermatocyte 41. During oogenesis in mammals, the
4. Secondary spermatocyte second meiotic division occurs
5. Sperm a) In the formation of the primary
a) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 oocyte.
b) 5, 1, 3, 4, 2 b) In the formation of the secondary
c) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 oocyte.
d) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5 c) Before ovulation.
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 d) After fertilization. a) Oogenesis produces four equally
42. Which of the following cells is functional haploid cells per meiotic
haploid? event and spermatogenesis does not.
a) Primary oocyte b) Spermatogenesis produces many
b) Oogonium gametes with meagre energy
c) Secondary oocyte reserves, whereas oogenesis
d) Follicle cell produces relatively few, well-
43. During ovulation provisioned gametes.
a) Entire graafian follicle is released 47. The corpus luteum
b) Only secondary oocyte is released a) Degenerates if fertilization occurs
c) Secondary oocyte along with b) Develops in the preovulatory phase
zonapellucida is released c) Is maintained by prostaglandins
d) Secondary oocyte along with d) Serves as a temporary endocrine
zonapellucida and corona radiata is gland
released 48. After ovulation, the secondary oocyte
44. During oogenesis, the role of polar enters the
bodies is a) Ovary
a) To receive a haploid set of b) Corpus luteum
chromosomes c) Cervix
b) To slow down the process of d) Oviduct
oogenesis 49. Which part of Graafian follicle secretes
c) To nourish the developing oocytes female sex hormones?
d) None of these a) The inner part of theca and
45. After ovulation, the remaining portion granulosa cells
of Graafian follicle develops into a b) Only granulosa cells
temporary endocrine gland called c) The outer and inner parts of theca
a) Corpus hemorrhagicum d) The outer parts of theca and
b) Corpus luteum granulosa cells
c) Corpus albicans 50. Ovulation usually occurs on which day
d) Antrum in a 28-day cycle.
46. Spermatogenesis & oogenesis differ in a) 12 b) 13
c) Spermatogenesis produces gametes c) 14 d) 15
with greater stores of raw materials 51. Surge in which hormone brings about
than those produced by oogenesis. ovulation.
d) Spermatocytes remain in prophase a) LH
of the first meiotic division longer b) FSH
than oocytes.
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 c) Estrogen a) None of these
d) Progesterone 58. Peak secretion of estrogen occurs
52. The layer of the uterine lining that is a) During all phases of menstrual
partially shed during each monthly cycle
cycle is b) At the time of ovulation
a) Perimetrium c) Just before ovulation
b) Myometrium d) In mid luteal phase
c) Endometrium 59. In humans, fertilization and
d) None of these implantation of the zygote occurs in
53. The endometrium is a) Seminiferous tubules; Uterus
a) The muscle layer of the uterus b) Vagina; Oviduct
b) Thickest during the preovulatory c) Oviduct; Uterus
phase d) Urethra; Uterus
c) The site of embryo implantation 60. Fertilization involves all of the
d) Lines the vagina following except
54. The hormone that reaches its highest a) Equal contributions of cell
level during the postovulatory phase is organelles from sperm and egg
a) Progesterone b) Joining of sperm and egg nuclei
b) Estrogen c) Sperm binding to specific sites on
c) FSH the egg surface
d) LH d) Metabolic activation of the egg
55. Which of following hormones is not 61. Mutations that affect proteins in the
secreted by corpus luteum? acrosome would affect which of the
a) Progesterone following functions?
b) Estrogen a) Fertilization
c) Relaxin b) Meiosis
d) Luteinizing hormone c) Implantation
56. If the released oocyte is not fertilized, d) Semen production
the corpus luteum has a lifespan of only 62. The viability of spermatozoa in the
a) 1 week female genital tract is up to how many
b) 2 weeks hours?
c) 3 weeks a) 6 - 12
d) 4 weeks b) 12 - 24
57. Absence of menstruation is known as c) 24 - 48
b) Amenorrhea d) 48 - 72
c) Atresia 63. A secondary oocyte is viable for how
d) Menopause many hours after ovulation?

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 a) 12 b) 24 a) Middle piece
c) 36 d) 48 b) Tail
64. Theca cells of ovarian follicle are 70. The human zygote divides into two-
derived from cells after how many hours of
a) Germinal epithelium fertilization?
b) Granulosa cells a) Within 12 hours
c) Zonapellucida b) After 24 hours
d) Stroma cells c) After 36 hours
65. The transport of spermatozoa from d) After 48 hours
cervix to fallopian tube takes about 71. The cleavage of fertilized egg starts in
a) 5 – 10 minutes the
b) 10 – 30 minutes a) Oviduct b) Ovary
c) 30 – 60 minutes c) Uterus d) Vagina
d) 60 – 90 minutes 72. The process in which embryo gets
66. The first sign of pregnancy is attached to the endometrium of the
a) Enlargement of abdomen uterus is known as
b) Rise in basal body temperature a) Implantation
c) Lack of HCG in urine b) Pregnancy
d) Absence of menstrual bleeding c) Placentation
67. The main function of the acrosome d) None of these
reaction is to 73. Which cells of blastocyst secrete
a) Activate the egg human chorionic gonadotropin?
b) Improve sperm motility a) All the cells
c) Prevent interspecific fertilization b) Cells of the inner mass
d) Facilitate penetration of the egg c) Trophoblast cells
coverings by the sperm d) None of these
68. Capacitation of sperm occurs in 74. After implantation, the endometrium
a) Epididymis becomes modified and is known as the
b) Vas deferens a) Decidua
c) Urethra b) Placenta
d) Genital tract of female c) Umbilical chord
69. Penetration of the zonapellucida by d) Chorionic villi
sperm is facilitated by enzymes present 75. Which of the following consists of
in both foetal and maternal tissues?
c) Acrosome a) Umbilical cord
d) Nucleus b) Placenta

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 c) Allantois c) 256days
d) Yolk sac a) 296 days
76. What contains the vascular 81. What increases the flexibility of the
connections between mother and pubic symphysis and helps dilate the
foetus? uterine cervix during labour?
a) Placenta a) Oxytocin
b) Amnion b) Human chorionic gonadotropin
c) Chorionic villi c) Prolactin
d) Umbilical cord d) Relaxin
77. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 82. What helps prepare mammary glands
produced by placenta for lactation?
a) Maintains the activity of corpus a) Oxytocin
luteum b) Human chorionic
b) Promotes degeneration of corpus somatomammotropin
luteum c) Human chorionic gonadotropin
c) Promotes lactation d) Prolactin
d) Inhibits FSH release 83. What stimulates uterine contractions;
78. Placenta does not secrete responsible for the milk ejection reflex?
a) Human chorionic gonadotropin a) Oxytocin
b) Human placental lactogen b) Human chorionic gonadotropin
c) Progesterone c) Prolactin
d) Prolactin d) Relaxin
79. Which of the following stimulates the 84. What promotes milk synthesis and
corpus luteum to continue production secretion; inhibited by progesterone
of progesterone and estrogens? during pregnancy?
a) Human chorionic a) Oxytocin
somatomammotropin b) Human chorionic
b) Human chorionic gonadotropin somatomammotropin
c) Prolactin c) Human chorionic gonadotropin
d) Relaxin d) Prolactin
80. The gestation period in human female 85. The pregnancy test is based on the
averages how many days from the detection of
time of fertilization to the birth of the a) LH
child? b) hCG
b) 266 days c) Progesterone
c) 290days d) Estrogen

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86. The ovarian follicle that ruptures at the Reasoning(R): During preovulatory
time of ovulation is promptly filled phase endometrium and myometrium
with blood forming increase in thickness.
a) Corpus haemorrhagicum a) Both A & R correct
b) Corpus luteum b) A incorrect & R correct
c) Corpus albicans c) A correct & R incorrect
d) None of theses d) Both A & R incorrect
87. The discharge of secondary oocyte
from Graafian follicle is known as B. FILL IN THE BLANKS
a) Abortion 1. Testis is covered by ________.
b) Oogenesis 2. Testosterone is secreted by
c) Ovulation ________ cells.
d) Fertilization 3. The vestigeal penis in female is
88. Assertion (A): Spermatozoa after called________.
being released are not immediately 4. Hyaluronidase is present in
ready for fertilization. ________ of sperm.
Reasoning(R): Without undergoing 5. The germ layer that gives rise to
capacitation spermatozoa cannot muscle is ________.
fertilize with oocyte. 6. Germ hill is seen in ________.
a) Both A & R correct 7. The cavityin blastula is
b) A incorrect & R correct called________.
c) A correct & R incorrect 8. Fusion of male and female
d) Both A & R incorrect pronuclei is called ________.
89. Assertion (A): During menstruation 9. Progesterone is secreted by
phase blood, tissue fluid, mucus and ________.
epithelial cells are shed from the 10. The noncellular layer around ovum
endometrium. is called ________.
Reasoning(R): Menstruation is caused 11. In male urethra passes through
by sudden decline in estrogen and ________ gland.
progesterone hormones. 12. Cauda epididymis continues as
a) Both A & R correct ________ in human male.
b) A incorrect & R correct 13. AntiMullerian hormone is secreted
c) A correct & R incorrect by ________.
d) Both A & R incorrect 14. Fertilization of sperm with ovum
90. Assertion (A): Preovulatory phase of takes place in ________.
menstrual cycle is also known as 15. Chorionic villi are a part
proliferative phase. of________.

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D. CORRECT THE UNDERLINED 1. The process of transformation of
WORD spermatid to motile spermsis
1. The yellow colored milk produced called?
by mother after child birth is called 2. Cervix is a part of which
neonatal milk. reproductive part?
2. Failure of testis to descend into 3. Colostrum is rich in which type of
scrotum is called castration. antibody?
3. Sperms are formed in uriniferous 4. What the first ejaculation of semen
tubules. is called?
4. In menstrual cycle ovulation occurs 5. Implantation in any part other than
in 5th day. the uterus is called?
5. Oestrogen is responsible for 6. Which cell organelle produces
inhibition of ovulation. acrosome in sperm?
6. Implantation occurs in oviduct. 7. Egglaying animals are called?
7. Vasectomy means cutting of 8. How many spermatozoa are
ejaculatory duct. formed from a single spermatid?
8. Blastula has three germ Layers. 9. The start of menstruation at
9. Morula has 128 cells. puberty is called?
10. Amnion is a vitelline membrane.
11. Cleavage is meroblastic in human C. ANSWER IN TWO OR THREE
zygote. SENTENCES
12. Process of child birth is called 1. Where Sertoli cells are present and
invagination. what is their function?
2. Whatis Corpus luteum and its
E. ANSWER IN ONE WORD function?
10. What are the nourishing cells 3. Briefly describe epididymis.
present in human testis? 4. What is the importance of
11. Name the mass of connective tissue colostrum?
that fills the ovary. 5. What are the phases of
12. What is the cessation of menstrual gametogenesis?
cycle called? 6. What is blastocyst?
13. Which canal connects the scrotal 7. Briefly describe fertilization.
sac with abdominal cavity? 8. What are the types of eggs basing
14. Which reproductive part stores the on distribution of yolk?
sperms? 9. Describe the structure of blastula.
15. What is the name of sexual cycle in 10. Which parts/organs develop from
non-primate mammals? endoderm?

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 11. Describe first three cleavage 1. Menstrual phase and Proliferation
divisions in human zygote. phase
12. What is the function of placenta? 2. Oestrogen and Progesterone
13. Function of extra-embryonic layers 3. Corona radiata and Zonapellucida
of human embryo. 4. Mitosis and Cleavage
14. What is gestation period? 5. Parturition and Lactation
15. Function of FSH, LH and
progesterone in human female? F. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON
16. What is umbilical cord and its 1. Graafian follicle
function? 2. Uterus
17. What is amphimixis? 3. Menstrual cycle
18. Describe ovulation process. 4. Fertilization
19. What is spermiogenesis? 5. Cleavage
20. What are the three columns of 6. Parturition
tissue of penis? 7. Lactation
21. Where prostate gland is located and 8. Female hormones
what is its function? 9. Testis
22. Location and function of Leydig 10. Ovary
cells. 11. Seminiferous tubule
23. What is the function of different 12. Implantation
parts of human sperm? 13. Placenta
24. What is estrous cycle? 14. Pregnancy
15. Epididymis
H. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN 16. Accessory reproductive glands of
1. Menstrual cycle and Estrous Cycle human male
2. Asexual and Sexual reproduction 17. Mammary glands
3. Sertoli cell and Leydig cell 18. Extra-embryonic membranes
4. Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis 19. Thru germ layers
5. Seminiferous tubule and Seminal 20. Blastula
vesicle
6. Epididymis and Vas deferens G. LONG ANSWER TYPE
7. Fertilization and Parthenogenesis QUESTIONS
8. Corpus luteum and Corpus albicans 1. Describe human male reproductive
9. Amnion and Chorion system.
10. Blastula and Gastrula 2. Give an account of human female
reproductive system?

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