retative toening po
20) stae Roulati taw neative los ering 5vapoun
pnenune.
An Mhe nelatve vafoun, preM ne
a non- volatile on- ele ctrolpe
Aolid t oute n oqual to the mnole jnactioral
the ayolved old,
Solae
2) Seo that he nelative loenrg pnesune o a alvent
na colijoce praper
Ani- Colliyative popey deperdlj upem the nmben
dote pantieles. dobe mone pauese, çte nas0
th vo solte partioes to the umoet solrent
pantoley -the solutfon.
Hoco, nela ive vapoun presune "s given as
P- P
foulti orn
Retatli law, we knoo that
PP
the mole jnaton
the ole.
+ene, we can -tiat nelatie tewering vapdun pnabe
a olwent 's a o'gacbie pe penty
p8)
92) Detenminkom moleulan mats o solile
Rputetl! lau nglatve tlerig rapaun
Ans- Let a w, be the
Qnd & , & m, be he molan ma8 o oowent
from Ang
) p 19
n 2
n,tn n,
A
Wmbey'w,m
a the nelaton loetaeen molan mas of ooluite
and relathve tooaring t vapoun pncLe.
e8) mhe vapout pnesune
vpout pnes une pune Benzene at a ontan
-tenpentune n 0.8 T0 ban. Anon-vola pile, non- elegtrolio
. ha the vapoun presne
the uion D.84S [Link] non-
Dolale u asted to 84g & Bencno Caleulato molarr
the. o¯d substan ce
An e0. gso ban
m, - (23b) 4b 781
020 tod7:
he vapoun prwsune ? Benzene at a0e
Beneene ha
vapou pnosure a90 -toñ Callan the melecular ight
-the soucte
Ana; (020 4o1Y,,
m 7S
5 78x lo 20
535x to20 490)
242 340
20
680
[Link]
227 0ppnos)
oalen
Calcalate the nelañive malen mas g the olate
(P saten > 76
Av Civen,
mas
Ma
P 760
7o mm
molecwlan mas q sobwent m
.
A 760-70
12 X 7
Raoultd foink
2) Stale Rouatl taw kort eienehon o Biung
nolutfarn
Acconcoty -to-the Roulati laio, fon dule
pnopontionat to
te elevaton q boiling point s necty
cevclnaton , the Aolne in a outto.
the lal con
mo
tohen a non velatile, non- eleetno e oid oule
n a orent, then fon tie oluti mlahan
eleration
,
point s anecty pnofontiomal
h soleon.
to thne no lal Concendreton o
1 ano ane boibing peint uhin
Let us coniole
ond oent es peo 3puHa
i. eleration
acniny to Kpuleta ls AT, « m(molaly)
'Ebullicapi
where, Ks molel beiling point ontent ert
Cotant.
Pbuleotcopie Conttant
24) ha t cdo yon mmlan
tan by
pont elovafen/Ehuioseopit
e mola{boitn a elerahia,
Contaut a onlbweut degineot non- vo ati
biung peint wthen Imole a
on i
hon- electnolye ooid Aolil u
9) elevation
oy a dille soluton,
An;- Elevaften o bofboiUng
Ung peint
point o
Containing non- vola [Link]-oleeAo lde old salut
volale, selis
olepenoend enly on the nuembem ef nolute moecules
n te soletien and not on the natunei
dolteyiyjatin
2$) Caleulate the malecla molute by u
Ans'- Cowiden my Cusd m, be the male ula mas o1
w and ule be the oeignt molrent and Aocle
repetiueyion
-to RottRoula ti law,
An
m kKb Wyx l000
Sowent
by D. 21b°C than
befle ata -tenpenatune kiyhen b
mlan ma
hat 6 the Dune lvant, whot
TeSubstane. ( Given, K, ton owent 'is 2 I6tmm
-Ann- Given,
AT,: 0. 21b
IDO
point ol Benzene es 3s3.23K. when
) Mhe bofiny
was dou ed w
volaile 0olule
raget to 3s4iK.
Benzene boiGng peint es
Calculate -the molan mnas
a-the Aalut (Given, Ky jor
Ben2ene s
2.53 kkg mal)
- Civen,
ATL= S4.|| - 353. 23
kb. W, Xt00
2 87x 20
$7.4
3) Molal elevaton Conitont torn BenZene n koal
Aoluion 1 omm organie substane in Benzene los
at o.126 k hignen tehan Beneene Cat eulate the Holar
the Aoluti on. X
An;- Civen
K,: 263 KWmol
sleratn
A
D.|26
253
12.6
2s3
oletion
Saucopan Af ohat tempeaatene eoftl -the
boil ? K ton hsälon io. s2. KKgmol and ooiling point
pune waten Aorenty 373. (S K.
Anse Civens
qlucote = 18q
pe 373-| SK
wate
TA
Kx
0-os2 K)
*373-2027
K2n
33)
Kp
kaoultá,
34) State Rotatti law torn depreaion
Ani
Acondig d
to the malonity 9te olhom
point
laus, folati 4ccondng
to
Rooults o Raalti
iflafpuatatli
point fasoziry depetim
melecelat
mak Defemnationo 3)
ute. te on
not andsoltion tnly
Kmalecules
the oleble Containing
ends -electrote
Alute volale,
non non-
pornt neyion Dep Ana-
coukg intsa frezing Depnes@on
a Erpbin 35
KË
non aImole
o shes point
Centtaut depnehion pofnt zimg Jnee Molal i- *rs
Confaut'. Cngoscopie tenm -he Defie 35)
lby mela
laerteti
km AT ) Accendi
tt my
Rucults,
he oepreuion
waton. Caleulata tte (ne ziny pofnt D
-An- Civen,
mo l2x 2. +&x+l6x 2
No
T| 273K - 2:25K
270. 7Su.
a non- electnolugle avd 209 otor 271K.
Calculate te molan mas y-te aite (K -ENhg mol")
-An 271:9K W, 203
TË: 273K
xX 26
2
232dy
(oS.47
2 2 vi i o v
34) tuhat do yee an oy Ormo iiy and Osmohe prew une I
An- Smo i 94 scdefnt ay the ponteoy not
memlonene aom
rowent to a solufim en jnono
conèetlnateol solh on.
d'lute tin to a
mvt
Mhe exleual pre,une
the setion Onolen to Atop e o
be appled n semy-peneatole memonane
oehon
Aolwent into the
sobehon.
0) Oe -the t Holt law ton diile
State and eyplarn Vant iokt law fon dululo soukon.
An:- At citant tempcno tunt he o mote pesne
a'uite otion q ngn- velatile inon- eloctroluyto toGa
solute in dnecty mopentone to he malat concontrhot
C) and ab sote -lempena tune (T) q the outon,
to Vait Holt law qosmo hte
acondig
9 CRTReal gas constont.
Ö) Caleulate tre malan mas t the nalue by wsng
Vait Ho7t aw toa dilulo Aoluhon
-Au
Acnding o veut Hot lauo for a lwte Aolutton
hus the moan
4 Aolile can be
Note ealculatae.
} 42) ohat do (mo an by Iotonie typen onse,
you
Hpotone mlutan.
Aa Isetewei 1he ouion, hairg Sama. oGmotie
premune at tovsome -lerp noture ans Callad
sotewe Slution.
94 a soletion has more Osnoti
prsune han Aome othen so lution, y callod
typentone Salu tion.
Hypo-tome-94 a solukion has lws osmetic premr
Soluion,
Nte hes, ahypentonie sduton wil be mo
Con cetnaled with renpecB to othenalehan
Con centrate
a
0then Soleehnd
43) tshat Us Resense Osmois?Give one ange
takes phe, oppomte the
Ans mhe proces
he po)
þremune graalo than oSmo fie
pos ue on the ution is knaon ay nwene oamo.
Example
Mhe most comnon large cale appoatin
Desalinafon o
Claigate omas .
by Abnonmalfenat theoni
moleculan mases wtich
An Mhe dindtio on te
moleulan mames due t0 nen
the colufon is knaon y
anoatin o melelutus n
orn Abnomaf Hola mass .
Abno mal Colugatemas
(hen th meleculus CHa(00H
aiman Anucdus by
Abnmnal Cruiga hie mats- |903
CH_ C- CH3
OHIUt
4S) hat co you mian by Vait Ho7t kac tort ?
Ar ho naio o the non
the nomal anolan may to the obsayed
molan may abnomal molar mas the Bede Solne u
.. vatt Hot hacou, i alulated Holar anas
Obsenne Holag mas
Condf Hon
bi ,náthe clmeto
Rogs tatty ttucose, uneg ,
.amejohon wis occuo ,
CH(00, oe add (Cte- Coo)
benzene.
to calcutale to oytent
aneunio on atoosation a subttane in olution.
Sscecdatfa
7males .
i vant Hoßt aeton .
G)
losered the
nee zing point depneioy constant Bon2ona s52kKp
And Hho malan mas
Find the the salle.
S/2 x |x/006
SOX 0 4
2
ner ze at b.94k, twthat u the molar' ro
jound to
Kkgmol")
A )
m2
We kno that ,
X X
O34
2
427
3|00
I7
a common cutomoilk anti-fne 2e .
Caluale the couuton contaiwg
m, 29
T
l00x42
8b x I24 3 72 k
243 :3.72k .