Curriculum Framework

Bachelor of Education - Special Education

[Link].
(Two Years Duration)

Norms, Regulations & Course Content

2024

REHABILITATION COUNCIL OF INDIA

(Statutory Body of the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment)
Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (Divyangjan)
Government of India
B-22, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi – 110016
[Link]
Bachelor of Education - Special Education
[Link].

2024

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 1
 Index

Sl. No. Details Page No.

1. Bachelor of Education - Special Education ([Link].) 2-7

Programme Framework

2. Norms and Regulations 7-9

3. Area A – Core Courses 10-40

4. Area B – Cross Disability and Inclusion Courses 41-77

5. Area C – Disability Specialisation Courses

5a Autism Spectrum Disorders 78-96

5b Hearing Impairment 97-116

5c Intellectual Disability 117-135

5d Multiple Disabilities 136-152

5e Specific Learning Disability 153-167

5f Visual Impairment 168-185

6. Area D – Enhancement of Professional Capacities (EPC) 186-194

7 Area E- ASD, HI, ID, MD, SLD & VI 195-235

8. Area F- ASD, HI, ID, MD, SLD & VI 236-275

9. 276
Area G- EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
10. Coordinator & Expert Committees 277

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 2
 Bachelor of Education - Special Education ([Link]. [Link].) Programme

I. PREAMBLE

Rightly said, ‘Teaching is a passion more than a profession and it creates all other
professions by not just providing information, but also generating inspiration’. Therefore,
though the conventional teacher-centred education has changed to a more student-centred
approach, the place of the teacher; rightly addressed as the ‘Guru’ in the Indian tradition
remains indisputable. This is seen right from NEP (1966) based on the Kothari Commission,
which recognized that the quality, competence, of teachers are undoubtedly the most
significant contributory factor to the recent NEP (2020) which upholds teachers’ role in
national development. Fifty-six years since the first policy was published, the teachers and
the teacher education are at the centre of the fundamental reforms in the education system for
‘all’ children. The NEP 2020 reiterates the global education development agenda reflected in
the Goal 4 (SDG4) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It seeks to “ensure
inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”
by 2030. A special emphasis has been provided to include the Socio-economically
disadvantaged (SEDGs) which includes the Divyangjan. The policy highlights that quality
education for ‘all ‘children is the key to India’s continued ascent, and leadership on the
global stage and will facilitate the economic growth, social justice and equality, scientific
advancement, national integration, and cultural preservation. NEP 2020 is in complete
consonance with the principles and provisions of the RPWD Act (2016) for empowerment of
persons with disabilities. This includes (a) respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy
including the freedom to make one's own choices, and independence of persons; (b) non-
discrimination; (c) full and effective participation and inclusion in society; (d) respect for
difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity and
humanity; (e) equality of opportunity; (f) accessibility; (g) equality between men and
women; (h) respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the
right of children with disabilities to preserve their identities.
The Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) established in 1992, is a statutory body. It
functions under the Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (Divyangjan)
(DoEPwD), Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India and is solely
responsible for regulating and monitoring the professional of development and other
training programs in the field of disability. These programs are offered both face to face and
via distance mode through Open Universities across India. RCI also maintains and renews
registrations of qualified personnel and professionals in its Central Rehabilitation Register
(CRR) for which Continuous Rehabilitation Education (CRE) are conducted in the field of
Rehabilitation and Special Education. RCI revises its syllabi from time to time so that the
learners undergoing the programs are attuned to the current trends and futuristic
requirements.
The present syllabi of B. Ed. Special Education is revised keeping in view the provisions of
RPWD Act (2016) and the NEP (2020). The courses revised includes introduction to
disabilities that would sensitise the learners about the 21 disabilities and its differential needs
with respect to accessibility, reasonable accommodations and facilitating effective

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 3
participation. The course on education of children with disabilities that is based on the
Supreme Court guidelines will help learners understand their role in various educational set
ups. A course in supportive skills for education of students with disabilities endeavours to
prepare the learners with basic essential skills for orientation mobility, Braille, Indian Sign
Language and Educational bilingualism. The syllabi has the latest technology and will
prepare the learners to undertake pedagogy using the suggested skills of enhancing
communication, creativity, critical thinking and collaborations. The course on Life skills
across life span and the employability module will assist the learners in preparation of their
careers and contribute for empowerment of persons with disabilities.

II. OBJECTIVES
The [Link]. programme aims to develop Special Education teachers/Educators for
children with disabilities for various settings (including Inclusive, Special, Open School
and Home-Based Education). The [Link]. (Special Education) programme will prepare
human resources to enable them to acquire knowledge and develop competencies and
skills to impart education and training effectively to children with disabilities as well as
all other children. The programme is based on the provisions of RPWD Act (2016) and
the National Education Policy, (NEP) (2020). After completing the [Link]. (Special
Education) programme the learners will:
a. Acquire knowledge & skills about human development, contemporary
Indian education, and pedagogy of various school subjects and assessment for
learning.
b. Acquire knowledge & skills about nature and educational needs of children
with disabilities as well as of a few select specific disabilities.
c. Acquire concepts, knowledge and skills to prepare learners with disabilities to the
meet the aspiration of nation and conserves its values, traditions and culture as
enshrined in NEP, 2020.
d. Develop conceptual understanding of education provisions and skills for
working with children with various disabilities in Special and inclusive settings.
e. Enhance knowledge and skills for professional development.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 4
 III. NOMENCLATURE

Nomenclature of [Link]. programme should be as per UGC Notification No. F.5-

1/2013 (CPP-II) of 2014 and the new nomenclature will be Bachelor of Education – Special
Education (Name of Specialization in Disability).
Example: For Visual Impairment specialization, the nomenclature shall be Bachelor of
Education – Special Education (Visual Impairment). The abbreviated form shall be as
[Link].(VI).

IV. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

B. Ed. Spl. Ed. (ASD/HI/ID/ MD/SLD/VI/) 2 Years

Code Area Courses Credit Hours Instructional Notional
(Papers) Hours Hours
A THEORY: Core Courses 5 10 300 285 15
B Cross Disability and Inclusive 6 12 360 300 60
Education Courses
C THEORY: Disability 5 10 300 285 15
Specialisation Courses
D Enhancing Professional Capacities 3 6 180 90 90
(EPC) Courses
E Practical related to Cross- 4 16 480 - 480
Disability and Inclusion
F Practical related to Disability 4 24 720 - 720
Specialization
G Employability Skills 1 2 60 - 60
Total 25 80 2400 960 1440
* B5 & B6 are skill-based courses and each includes 45 Practical Hours.
# 960 hours – Theory & 1440 hours – Practical (Weightage: 60% practical & 40 % Theory)

*The syllabus is provided for a program of two years duration. Universities have the flexibility to distribute the
courses into semester pattern by maintaining the prescribed total hours and credits of RCI which are as per the
NCrF (2023) guidelines.

AREA A: CORE COURSES

Course Course Name Credit Hours
Code
A1 Human Growth & Development 2 60
A2 Contemporary India and Education 2 60
A3 Learning, Teaching and Assessment 2 60
A4 Pedagogy of Teaching (Special Reference to Disability) Any one 2 60
a : Science (Special Reference to Disability)
b: Mathematics (Special Reference to Disability)
c: Social Studies (Special Reference to Disability)
A5 Pedagogy of Teaching (Special Reference to Disability) Any one 2 60
d: Hindi / Regional Language (Special Reference to Disability)
e: English (Special Reference to Disability)
Total 10 300

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 5
 AREA B: CROSS DISABILITY AND INCLUSION
Course Course Name Credit Hours
Code
B1 Introduction to Disabilities 2 60
B2 Introduction to Education of Students with Disabilities 2 60
B3 Equitable & Inclusive Education 2 60
B4 Life Skills across Life Span 2 60
B5 Supportive Skills for the Education of Children with Disabilities 2 60
B6 Skill-Based Optional Course (Anyone) 2 60
12 720

B6: Skill-based Optional Course (ANYONE)

A Guidance and Counselling
B Positive Behaviour Supports
C Early Childhood Care & Education
D Community-Based Rehabilitation
E Application of ICT in Classroom
F Disability, SEDGs, and Gender

AREA C: DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION COURSES

ASD/HI/ID/MD/SLD/VI
Course Course Name Credit Hours
Code
C1 Identification of Disability & Assessment of Needs (Disability 2 60
Specialization)
C2 Curriculum Development, Adaptation and Evaluation (Disability 2 60
Specialization)
C3 Intervention & Teaching Strategies (Disability Specialization) 2 60
C4 ICT & Assistive Technology 2 60
C5 Psycho-Social and Family Issues 2 60
Total 10 300

AREA D: ENHANCEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL CAPACITIES (EPC)

(Wherever applicable specific reference to disability shall be focused)
Course Course Name Credit Hours
Code
D1 Reading and Reflecting on Texts 2 60
D2 Drama and Art in Education 2 60
D3 Basic Research & Basic Statistics 2 60
Total 6 180

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 6
 AREA E: PRACTICAL RELATED TO PEDAGOGY & DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION
Course Course Name Credit# Hours#
Code
E1 Visits & Writing Reports (Special Schools, Therapy centres,
Rehabilitation organisations, and Inclusive Schools)
E2 Classroom Observation at different levels and of different subjects
E3 Lesson Planning & Development of TLM
E4 Execution of Lesson (Teaching Practice)
Total 16 480

# Each disability specialization varies in requirements of practicals; hence the same has been worked
out accordingly keeping the total number of credits and hours same. Details have been provided in the
respective disability specialization sections of Practical I of E1 to E4.

AREA F: SUPPORTIVE SKILLS / SCHOOL INTERNSHIP

Course Course Name Credit* Hours*
Code
F1 Supportive Skill Training (Assistive Technologies, Functional
Academic Skills, etc.)
F2 Internship in Disability Specialization
F3 Internship at Inclusive School
F4 Internship in Other Disability
Total 24 720
Each disability specialization varies in requirements of Field engagements/internships; hence the same
has been worked out accordingly keeping the total number of credits and hours the same. Details have
been provided in the respective disability specialization sections of Practical II of F1 to F4.

AREA G – EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

Course Code Title Credit Hours

G Employability Skills 2 60

V. ADEQUACY OF THE SPECIAL EDUCATION SYLLABI

The syllabus prescribed for the [Link]. is on the basis of minimum requirements
and therefore, Universities and Colleges of Education/Institutes implementing the
[Link] course can exercise flexibility in opting the number of papers without
compromising on the adequacy and validity of the contents prescribed by the RCI.

VI. DURATION OF THE COURSE

The duration of the Course is two academic years, which can be completed in a
maximum of three years from the date of admission to the programme. However, the
University may exercise some flexibility as per University norms for other professional
programmes.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 7
 VII. WORKING DAYS & ATTENDANCE
The programme will be conducted for at least 200 working days each year exclusive of the
period of examination and admission. The institution shall work for a minimum of thirty-six
hours a week (five or six days), during which physical presence in the institution of all the
teachers and student teachers is necessary to ensure their availability for advice, guidance,
dialogue and consultation as and when needed. The minimum attendance of Learner shall
have to be 80% for all course work and 90% for all practicals including project
work/Dissertation work/internship (5% attendance may be condoned by the head of
institution on genuine grounds).

VIII. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION

(a) Candidates with at least fifty percent marks either in the Bachelors Degree and/or in
the Masters degree in Sciences/ Social Sciences/ Humanities, Bachelor’s in Engineering
or Technology with specialization in Science and Mathematics with 55 % marks or any
other qualification equivalent thereto, are eligible for admission to the programme.
(b) The reservation and relaxation for SC/ST/OBC/PWD and other categories shall be as
per the rules of the Central Government/ State Government, whichever is applicable.

IX. ADMISSION
Admission Procedure: as per University norms.

X. PROGRAMME PATTERN

The programme has been developed on Semester basis. RCI has proposed 2000
marks in view of disability specific specialization.

XI. PASSING MINIMUM

Minimum 50% marks are essential in all courses for passing in the programme.
However, the University may exercise some flexibility or Grace Marks as per
University norms.

XII. TRANSITORY REGULATIONS

Whenever a course or scheme of instruction is changed in a particular year, two more
examinations immediately following thereafter shall be conducted according to the old syllabus/
regulations. Candidates not appearing at the examinations or failing shall take the examinations
subsequently according to the changed syllabus/ regulations/ as per university norms.

XIII. FACULTY-STUDENT RATIO

The faculty-student ratio in the area of [Link]. may be 1:10, as per the RCI norms.
Considering the infrastructural facilities needed for Special Education and based on the
tasks such as supervising practicum.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 8
 XIV. CERTIFICATION AS A REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL
It is mandatory as per Section 13 of RCI Act for every teacher of special education to
obtain a “Registered Professional Certificate” from the Rehabilitation Council of India
to work in the field of special education in India. As continuous professional growth is
necessary for the renewal of the certificate, the teachers as well as educators in
special education should undergo in-service programme periodically to update their
professional knowledge. Amendments, if any, to the regulations of the course will be
made periodically by the Rehabilitation Council of India. Any deviation from the above
regulations should have the prior approval of the Rehabilitation Council of India.
The successful students will be registered as Special Educator (Professional). The
training institution/organization should ensure that all passed out students are
registered with the Council.

XV. AWARD OF DEGREE

The affiliating Universities will award degree in Bachelor of Education Special
Education (Area of Specialisation). The areas of specialisation provided are Autism
Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Hearing Impairment (HI), Learning Disability (LD), Mental
Retardation/ Intellectual Disability (MR/ID), Multiple Disabilities (MD) and Visual
Impairment (VI). For example in the area of Hearing Impairment the degree awarded
will be [Link]. (HI). While issuing degree certificate, the Universities are
advised to clearly spell out the area of specialization and mention as a statement that
the passed out can teach in all settings and other disabilities (cross disabilities)

XVI. PRACTICING SCHOOLS

Special & Inclusive School - Own Special School/ MoU with Special & Inclusive
Schools or centres, preferably up to senior secondary school level recognised by State
Government for the main disability area and permission to carry out practical in other
disability. Special Schools for ASD and LD is not an essential condition. With a
precaution that students with disability should not be overstressed. Institutions offering
more than one programme in Special Education must have own Special School and
MoU with other Special/Inclusive School for school engagement and field experience.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 9
 AREA A
CORE COURSES

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 10
 Human Growth & Development

Course Code: A1 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
This course is designed to enable learners to become familiar with the dynamic aspects of human
growth and development over the life span. Major theoretical perspectives in developmental
psychology are included. Learners will gain a deeper understanding of transitions between major
life phases, and a broad knowledge of development within each life stage. Through close
observation of children in their natural environments the learners would be able to situate their
theoretical knowledge within realistic frames. The course content will help learners to apply the
knowledge in their profession.

Learning outcomes
After studying this course the student- teachers will be able to
 Explain the process of development with special focus on infancy, childhood and
adolescence.
 Summarize the theoretical approaches on Human Development
 Critically analyze developmental variations among children.
 Comprehend adolescence as a period of transition and threshold of adulthood.

Unit1: Approaches to Human Development

1.1 Human development as a discipline from infancy to adulthood
1.2 Concepts and Principles of development
1.3Developing Human- Stages (Prenatal development, Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence,
Adulthood)
1.4 Influence of Nature and Nurture on Development (Physical, Sensory- perceptual, Cognitive,
Socio-emotional, Language & communication, Social relationship)
1.5 Domains of Development (Physical, Sensory- perceptual, Cognitive, Socio-emotional,
Language &communication, Social relationship)

Unit 2: Theoretical Perspectives on Human Development

2.1 Psychodynamic Theories

2.1. 1 Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
2.1.2 Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
2.2 Behaviourist Theories:
2.2.1 Ivan Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory
2.2.2 B. Frederick Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory

2.3 Humanistic Theory and Social Theory

2.3.1 Abraham Maslow’s Theory
2.3.2 Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 11
2.4 Cognitive Theory
2.4.1 Jean Piaget’s Theory
2.5 Ecological theory
2.5.1 Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

Unit 3: Prenatal and Early years (Zero -Eight years)

3.1 Prenatal development: Conception, stages and influences on prenatal development
3.2 Birth and Neonatal development: Screening the newborn -APGAR Score, Reflexes and
responses, neuro-perceptual development
3.3 Milestones and variations in Development
3.4 Environmental factors influencing early childhood development
3.5 Role of play in enhancing development

Unit 4: Early Adolescence (From nine years to eighteen years)

4.1 Emerging capabilities across domains of physical and social emotional
4.2Emerging capabilities across domains related to cognition - metacognition, creativity, ethics
4.3 Issues related to puberty
4.4 Gender and development
4.5 Influence of the environment (social, cultural, political) on the growing child

Unit 5: Transitions into Adulthood

5.1 Psychological well-being
5.2 Formation of identity and self-concept
5.3 Emerging roles and responsibilities
5.4 Life Skills and Independent Living
5.5 Career Choices

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

1. Observe children in early childhood education programme. Assess a child’s strengths and
needs across all developmental and behavioural dimensions in the early childhood years and
record
2. Critically evaluate the intervention programme related health, nutrition and
Education of young children
3. Discuss the theoretical approaches of human development in the seminar/workshop in the
classroom
4. Writing Journal for reflection and case study

Recommended Readings
 Berk, L. E. (2000). Human Development. Tata Mc. Graw Hill Company, New York.
 Berk, L.C. (2008). Child Development, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India (Pvt.)
Ltd.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 12
 Brisbane, E. H. (2004). The developing child. [Link] Hill, USA.
 Cobb, N. J. (2001). The child infants, children and adolescents. Mayfield Publishing
Company, California.
 Elizabeth B. Hurlock (1980). Developmental Psychology: A Life-Span Approach, Prentice
Hall, New Delhi.
 Hurlocl, E. B. (2005). Child growth and development. Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishing
Company, New York.
 Hurlocl, E. B. (2006). Developmental Psychology- A life span approach. Tata Mc. Graw
Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
 Meece, J. S., & Eccles J. L (Eds) (2010). Handbook of Research on Schools, Schooling and
Human Development. New York: Routledge.
 Mittal, S. (2006). Child development- Experimental Psychology. Isha Books, Delhi.
 Nisha, M. (2006). Introduction to child development, Isha Books, Delhi.
 Papalia, D. E., & Olds, S. W. (2005). Human development. Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishing
Company, New York.
 Santrock, J. W. (2006). Child Development., Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishing Company, New
York.
 Santrock, J. W. (2007). Adolescence. Tata Mc. Graw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 13
 Contemporary India and Education
Course Code: A2 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
This course will enable learners to explore education from philosophical and sociological
perspectives and gain insights into diverse communities, children, and schools. The course
traces the educational developments in the historical context leading to contemporary
India. The course also includes various commissions and policies and issues and trends in
the field of education, special and inclusive education.

Objectives

After completing this Course, the learner should be able to:

 Explain the concept and scope of education and the philosophical perspectives to
understand education.
 Analyze the role of educational system in the context of Modern Ethos.
 Discuss the concept of diversity and describe the strategies for addressing diverse
learning needs of children with disabilities.
 Develop an understanding of the trends, issues, and challenges faced by the
contemporary Indian Education in national and global contexts.
 Critically analyze the historical development of education in India in general and
education of children with disabilities

Unit 1: Philosophical Foundations of Education

1.1. Concept and Nature of Education: Concept of Education (Meaning and definition),
Aims of Education (Individual, Social and Democratic), Scope of education;
Conceptual distinction between Education and Schooling, Learning,
Training, Teaching, Instruction.
1.2. Agencies of Education: School, family, community and media as agencies of education,
1.3. Schools of Philosophy: Idealism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Existentialism, Humanism,
and Constructivism as Schools of Philosophy
1.4. Classical Indian Philosophies: Vedanta Darshan, Sankya Darshan, Budhism and
Jainism
1.5. Contribution of Indian Philosophers: Sri Aurobindo, Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath
Tagore, J. Krishna Murthy, Sonam Wangchuk

Unit 2: Understanding Diversity

2.1. Concept and Types of Diversity: Concept, Nature and Types of Diversity (Gender,
linguistic, cultural, socio-economic and disability),
2.2. Girl child with disability, twice exceptionality; Disability as a Social and Political
Construct;
2.3. Global Perspective: United Nations mandate on Disability, International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF 2001 by WHO), Impairment, Disability and
Handicap (IDH) (Classified by the WHO 1980),
2.4. Diversity and learning; Attributions to diversity in learning, embracing diversity in

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 14
 schools, equity and inclusion
2.5. Gender Equality as a Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG5), Good Health and
Wellbeing as a Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG3), Quality Education as a
Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG4), Reduced Inequality as a Sustainable
Development Goal (UN SDG10)

Unit 3: Commissions, Acts and Policies on Education in General and Children with
Disabilities

3.1. Constitutional Provisions: Reflecting on ideas of Equality, Liberty, Secularism, and

Social Justice; Constitutional Provisions on Right to Education, Women Education,
Education for the Weaker Section and Minorities, Education for the Diverse Need
Sections.
3.2. National Commissions University Education Commission (1948-49), Secondary
Education Commission (1952-53), Education Commission (1964-66); National Policy
on Education (NPE 1968), National Policy of Education (NPE 1986 and POA 1992)
3.3 National Education Policy (NEP, 2020), National Curriculum Framework (NCF,
2005), National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE, 2009),
National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE, 2023)
3.4. International Conventions and Policies: Salamanca Declaration and Framework,
1994; UNCRPD, 2006 (United Nations Committee on Right of Persons with
Disabilities); MDG, 2015 (The Millennium Development Goals Report); INCHEON
strategies (United Nations effort, Incheon Gan 2030); Biwako Millennium
Framework.
3.5. National Acts: RCI Act, 1992, PWD (Persons with Disability) Act, 1995, NT
(National Trust) Act, 1999, RTE Act (2009 & 2012) (Right to Education); The Right
of Persons with Disability Act 2016.

Unit 4: Development in School Education and Equal Educational Opportunity

4.1. Landmarks in Development of Education of Children with Disabilities: concept of

disability in Surgeon Report, Disability in Charter Act 1823, Central Advisory Board of
Education (CABE 1923) on children with hearing impairment (sign language), Indian
perspective on Disability (Divyang Jan)
4.2. Right to Education and Universal Access; Issues of Universal enrolment, Universal
retention, and Universal learning;
4.3. Issues of quality and equity: Physical, economic, social, cultural, l anguage issues
in education (addressing multilingual practices of the children)
4.4. Meaning of equality and constitutional provisions: equity and equality, prevailing
nature and forms of inequality, including dominant and minority groups and related
issues; inequality in schooling: public-private schools, rural-urban schools, single
teacher schools and other forms of inequalities such as regular and distance education
systems.
4.5. Programmes and Schemes: IEDC (1974, 1983) (Integrated Education for the
Disabled Children), Samarga Shiksha Abhiyan [SSA (2000, 2011) (Sarva
Shiksha Abhiyan), RMSA, 2009 (Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan)], IEDSS,
2009 (Inclusive Education of the Disabled at the Secondary Stage)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 15
Unit 5: Challenges and Trends in Education
5.1. Challenges of education across different levels from foundational to secondary stage
5.2. Trends in delivery of educational service: inclusive education as a right based model,
complementarily of inclusive and special schools, Community participation and
community-based education
5.3. Professional Development of Teachers: Aspiration and Qualities of Teachers,
Professional Development of Teachers, In-service Teacher Education and Professional
Development of Teachers
5.4. Professional Ethics of the Teachers and Its Importance, Professional Identity of Teachers,
Teacher as a Researcher, Teacher as a Facilitator
5.5. Strategies for addressing the Issues of Professional Development of Teachers, National
Education Policy (NEP 2020) on Professional Development of Teachers

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Assignment: Prepare and submit an assignment of 1000 words describing the inequality in
schooling and how the schools can address this challenge.
 Visit: Visit to a special school and an inclusive school of your locality. Interview any 5
students from each school to find out that they like most in schools, that they disclike and
problems they face. Prepare a report and submit.
 Group Activity: organize an exhibition on different Indian philosophers and their
contribution
Transaction

Learners’ engagement through interactive lectures, group discussion through case study and
problem-based approaches as well as submission of assignments. The learning further needs to be
strengthened through practicum activities, and field engagement through visits. The assessment also
needs to be in a continuous basis.

Recommended Readings

 Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification
and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into
force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49,
[Link]
 Dimitriadi, S. (2014). Diversity, special needs, and inclusion in early year education. SAGE
India.
 DoEPwD (2016). The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, Ministry of Social
Justice and Empowerment, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
[Link]
 DoSEL (2020). National Education Policy-2020, Department of School Education and
Literacy, Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education), New
Delhi.
 DoSEL (2023). National Curriculum Framework for School Education 2023. ,
Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education), New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 16
 [Link]
 DoSEL (2023). National Guidelines and Implementation Framework on Equitable and
Inclusive Education, Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of
Education, New Delhi.
 DoSEL(2009). The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009.
Ministry of Human Resource Development (now Ministry of Education), New Delhi.
[Link]
 Jha, M. M. (2002). School Without Walls: Inclusive Education for All. Oxford,
Heinemann.
 Julka, A., Mukhopadhyay, S., Vyas, S., Sharma, M, Anupriya, C., & Salin, D. (2014).
Including Children with Special Needs: Primary Stage. NCERT, New Delhi
 Mehra D. D. (2009). Education in Emerging Indian Education, Indian Education.
Ludhiyana: Tondan Publications, Books Market.
 MHRD (1968). National Policy on Education, 1968. Ministry of Human Resource
Development (now Ministry of Education), New Delhi.
[Link]
[Link]
 MHRD(1986). National Policy on Education 1986. Ministry of Human Resource
Development (now Ministry of Education), New Delhi.
[Link]
 MSJE (2006). National Policy for Persons with Disabilities 2006. Ministry of Social
Justice and Empowerment, Government of India, New Delhi.
 Mukhopadhyay, S., & Mani, M. N. G. (2002). Education of Children with Special
Needs, in Govinda, R. (2002) (Ed) India Education Report. Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
 Murthy, S. K. (2009). Philosophical and Sociological Foundation of Education.
Ludhiyana: Tondan Publication. Books Market.
 Narulla, S. & Naik, J. P. (1964). Student History of Education in India. Mc Millian &
Co., of India Pvt. Ltd.
 National Policy and Education. (1986). MHRD. New Delhi: Govt. of India.
 Pathak, K. R. (2007). Education in the Emerging India. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers.
 Pathak, R. P. (2009). Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education. New
Delhi: Kanishka Publishers
 Pangatungan, M. (2022). Special education book: a resource book for teachers and other
professionals servicing students with disabilities. Palmetto Publishing.
 Siddiqui, M. H. (2009). Philosophical and Sociological foundation of Education. New Delhi:
APH Publishing Corporation, APM Publication Corporation.
 Singh Y. K. (2007). Philosophical. Foundation of Education. New Delhi: APH Publication
Corporation.
 Thakur, A. S., and Berwal, S. (2007). Education in Emerging Indian Society. New Delhi:
National Publishing House.
 Tilak J.B.G (2018). Education and development in India: critical issues in public policy and
development. Springer Singapore.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 17
 UNESCO (2004). Education for All: The Quality Imperative. EFA Global Monitoring
Report. Paris
 UNESCO (2009). Report on Education for sustainable development.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 18
 Learning, Teaching and Assessment
Course Code: A3 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

This course will initiate learners to understand learning theories and how these theories translate
into teaching and learning actions. Assessment of learning as a continuous process is focused to
identify the progress or difficulties faced by the students. The course addresses the learning needs
of persons with disabilities, and the supports that the teacher needs to address in diverse educational
settings.

Objectives

After completing this course the learner will be able to:

 Discuss the theories of learning and intelligence and their applications for teaching children
 Analyse the learning process, nature and theory of motivation
 Describe the stages of teaching and learning and the role of teacher
 Demonstrate understanding of the teaching learning process including focus on students
with and without diverse learning needs,
 Analyse the scope and role of assessment in teaching learning process including focus on
students with and without disabilities.
Unit 1: Human Learning and Intelligence

1.1 Human learning: meaning, definition and concept formation

1.2 Learning theories:
- Behaviourism: e.g. Pavlov, Thorndike, Skinner
- Cognitivism: e.g. Piaget, Bruner
- Social Constructivism: e.g. Vygotsky, Bandura
1.3 Intelligence:
- Concept and definition
- Theories: e.g. Two-factor, Multifactor, Triarchic Theory (Robert Steinberg)
1.4 Creativity: Concept, Definition and Characteristics
1.5 Implications for Classroom teaching and learning in special and inclusive class room settings

Unit 2: Learning Process and Motivation

2.1 Sensation: Definition and Sensory Process
2.2 Attention: Definition and Affecting Factors
2.3 Perception: Definition and Types
2.4 Memory, Thinking, and Problem Solving
2.5 Motivation: Nature, Definition and Maslow’s Theory
Unit 3: Teaching Learning Process
3.1 Maxims of Teaching

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 19
3.2 Stages of Teaching: Plan, Implement, Evaluate, Reflect
3.3 Stages of Learning: Acquisition, Maintenance, Generalization
3.4 Learning Environment: Psychological, Social and Physical
3.5 Leadership role of teacher in special and inclusive Classroom, school and community
Unit 4: Overview of Assessment and School System
4.1 Assessment: Conventional meaning and constructivist perspective
4.2 ‘Assessment of Learning’ and ‘Assessment for Learning’: Meaning and difference
4.3 Comparing and contrasting assessment, evaluation, measurement, test and examination
4.4 Formative and summative evaluation, Curriculum Based Measurement, with particular
references to students with disabilities/diverse learning needs
4.5 Key concepts in evaluation: e.g. marks, credit, grading, choice, alternate certifications,
transparency, internal-external proportion, improvement options
Unit 5: Assessment: Strategies and Practices
5.1 Strategies: e.g. Oral, written, portfolio, observation, project, presentation, group discussion,
open book test, surprise test, untimed test, team test, records of learning landmark, cloze set/open
set and other innovative measures - Meaning and procedure
5.2 Typology and levels of assessment items: e.g. Multiple choice, open ended and close ended;
direct, indirect, inferential level
5.3 Analysis, reporting, interpretation, documentation, feedback and pedagogic decisions
5.4 Assessment of learners with diverse learning needs: Exemptions, concessions, adaptations and
accommodations;
5.5 School examinations: Critical review of current examination practices and their assumptions
about learning and development; Efforts for exam reforms: Comprehensive and Continuous
Evaluation (CCE), National Curriculum Framework (NCF), Right to Education Act (RTE, 2009),
National Policy on Education (NEP, 2020), Rights of Persons with disabilities Act (RPwD Act,
2016)
Transaction

The concepts and theoretical precepts included in this course should be explained with reference to
children with and without disabilities. The effort of transaction should be to enhance the
understanding of how learning occurs in different settings and what can be the suitable means of its
assessment. Evaluation may be done by asking the learners to interact with children with and
without disabilities in any learning environment and present a report of the same.

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

1. Observe children in a class in special, regular and inclusive schools respectively and describe
similarities and differences in teaching-learning contexts and submit a report.
2. Prepare a Self-study report on individual differences among learners.
4. Compile three curriculum based assessment tools in any one subject area by doing a web search,
write a report.

Recommended Readings
 Amin, N. (2002). Assessment of Cognitive Development of Elementary School Children: A
Psychometric Approach. New Delhi: Jain Book Agency.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 20
 Chauhan, S.S. (2013). Advanced Educational Psychology. New Delhi: Jain Book Agency,
 King-Sears, E.M. (1994). Curriculum Based Assessment in Special Education. San Diego:
Singular Publishing Group.
 Panch, R. (2013). Educational Psychology: Teaching and Learning Perspective. New Delhi:
McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.
 Salvia, J., Ysseldyke, J, E. and Bolt, S. (2007). Assessment in Special and Inclusive Education.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
 Whitcomb, S., & Merrell, K.W. (2012). Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of
Children and Adolescents, New York: Routledge.
 Woolfolk, A., Misra, G., & Jha, A.K. (2012). Fundamentals of Educational Psychology, (11th
ed). New Delhi: Pearson Publication.
 [Link]
 [Link]
english-teaching-framework/teaching-learning-and-assessment/
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 21
 Pedagogy of Teaching Science

Course Code: A 4 (a) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

The course will help the learners to generate their student’s interest for learning
science and develop a scientific attitude. It is designed to equip the learners to teach
science using innovative methods, techniques and teaching learning material to
students with & without disabilities.

Objectives
After completing the course the student-teachers will be able to
 Explain the role of science in day to day life and its relevance to modern society.
 Describe the aims and objectives of teaching science at school level.
 Demonstrate and apply skills to select and use different methods of teaching
the content of sciences.
 Demonstrate competencies of planning for teaching sciences, organizing
laboratory facilities and equipment designing pupil centered teaching learning
experiences.
 Demonstrate skills to design and use various evaluation tools to measure
learner achievement in sciences.

Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Science

1.1 Nature, Scope, Importance and Value of Science
1.2 Science As an Integrated Area of Study
1.3 Science and Modern Indian Society: Relationship of Science and Society
1.4 Impact of Science with Special Reference to Issues related with
Environment, Industrialization and Disarmament
1.5 Role of Science for Sustainable Development

Unit 2: Planning for Instruction

2.1 Aims and Objectives of Teaching Science in Elementary and Secondary School
2.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives and Writing Objectives in
Behavioural Terms
2.3 Lesson Planning – Importance and Basic Steps. Planning Lesson for an
Explanation, Demonstration, and Numerical Problem in Teaching of Sciences
2.4 Unit Planning – Format of A Unit Plan
2.5 Pedagogical Analysis: Meaning and Need. Guidelines for Conducting
Pedagogical Analysis
Unit 3: Approaches and Methods of Teaching Sciences
3.1 Pedagogic principles, Process Approach, Direct Experience Approach, Inductive-
Deductive Approach

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 22
 3.2 Lecture, Demonstration, Discussion, Problem-solving, Concept-mapping,
Programmed Instruction, Team Teaching, Seminar, Computer Assisted
Learning (CAL)
3.3 Project Method, Survey, Field-inquiry and Heuristic Method
3.4 Creating Different Situations of Learning Engagement: Group Learning,
Individual Learning, Small Group, Cooperative (Peer-Tutoring, Jigsaw, etc.),
Situated/Contextual Learning with reference to Children with Disabilities
3.5 Constructivist, phenomenological and computational thinking approaches and their
application in Teaching Science

Unit 4: Learning Resources with reference to Children with Disabilities for

Teaching Science

4.1 Teaching Learning Aids – Need, Importance, Selection, Use and

Classification of Aids Based on Type of Experience, Audio Visual Aids,
Multimedia, Charts, and Models (Tactile and Visual)
4.2 Importance of science learning and enrichment activities- Science Circles,
Topic-based and Project-based club (eg. Eco-club, Health and well-being club),
Science Exhibition, activities in tinkering laboratory, Science journals for
learners, science-tech activities, and Significance of enrichment activities with
reference to Children with Disabilities
4.3 The Science Laboratory-Planning organization of Lab, storage, adaptation in
science lab and apparatus, science apparatus for all learners (UD-equipment),
Assistive technology for learning science and Virtual/digital/app-based science
laboratory, Safety of learners and scientific Equipments, Significance of science
lab (physical/virtual) with reference to Children with Disabilities
4.4 Aquarium, Vivarium – Role in learning science, setting, care & maintenance
4.5 Museum, Botanical, Zoological and Herbal Garden: Role in learning science, project
and field work activities.

Unit 5: Assessment and Evaluation

5.1 Assessment and Evaluation- Concept, Nature and Need, Flexibility in assessment
5.2 Norm Referenced & Criterion Referenced Evaluation, School based
Assessment: Concept and Significance, Holistic Assessment
5.3 Tools and Techniques for Formative and Summative Assessments
5.4 Preparation of Diagnostic Test, Achievement Test and holistic development report
card.
5.5 Adaptations of Evaluation Procedure with Reference to Children with Disabilities

Transaction
Transaction of this course will include active engagement of learners in science
activities, interactive talks & lectures, demonstrations and observations, exposure to
varied settings-science labs, virtual labs, schools and classrooms, field-trips to science-
park/garden/museum/other science-learning establishments, projects and assignments,

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 23
participation in quizzes, seminars, exhibitions and competitions.

Practical/ Field Engagement

 Preparation of a multimedia presentation on a topic from Science content
keeping students with disabilities in view.
 Developing an Action Research Plan on a problem related to teaching and
learning of Sciences to students with disabilities to students with disabilities.
 Curricular adaptations for teaching Sciences to students with disabilities.
 Designing/adaptation in science apparatus to facilitate participation of children with
disabilities in science-learning activities (any five of your choice).
 Exploring and using teaching- learning apps/e-content suitable to teach scientific
concepts to children with disabilities in an inclusive classroom.

Recommended Readings
 Buxton, A. C. (2010). Teaching Science in Elementary and Middle
School. NewDelhi: Sage Publications.
 Bybee, R. (2010). The teaching of science: 21st-century perspectives.
Arlington, VA: NSTA Press, USA.
 Fensham, P.J. (1994). The content of Science: A constructive Approach to
its Teaching and [Link], D.C: The Falmer Press.
 Gupta, V. K. (1995). Teaching and lLearning of Science and Technology. New
Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
 Joshi, S. R. (2005). Teaching of [Link] Delhi: A.P.H Publishing Corporation.
 Kelley, P., & Gale, G. (1998). Towards Excellence: Effective education for
students with vision impairments, Sydney: North Rocks Press.
 Lawson, E. A. (2010). Teaching Inquiry Science in Middle School, New Delhi:
Sage Publications.
 Layton, D. (1989). Innovations in Science and Technology Education, New
Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
 Mani, M. N. G. (1992). Techniques of teaching blind children, New Delhi:
Sterling Publishers.
 Mukhopadhyay, S., Jangira, N. K., Mani, M.N.G., & Raychowdhary, N.
(1987). Sourcebook for training teachers of visually impaired, New Delhi:
NCERT.
 Murray, L. J. (1988). Basic Skills – Science, Boston: John Murrey.
 NCERT (1982). Teaching Science in secondary schools, New Delhi: NCERT.
 NCERT (2013). Pedagogy of Science-Physical Science (Part-I). Textbook for
[Link]. New Delhi: NCERT.(available at [Link])
 NCERT (2013). Pedagogy of Science-Physical Science (Part-II). Textbook for
[Link]. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2016). In-Service Training ProgrammePedagogy of Science-Physical
Science (Part-II). Textbook for [Link]. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at
[Link])

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 24
 NCERT (2019). Pedagogy of Science. National Initiatives for School Heads’ and
Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at
[Link])
 NCERT (2019). School Based Assessment. National Initiatives for School Heads’
and Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at
[Link])
 NIVH (1992). Handbook for the teachers for the visually handicapped, Dehradun
 Scholl, G.T. (1986). Foundations of education for blind and visually
handicapped children and youth, New York: American Foundation for the blind.
 Sharma, R.C. (2005). Modern Science teaching, Delhi: Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
 Siddiqui, H. M. (2007). Teaching science, New Delhi: Balaji offset.
 Siddiqui, N.N., & Siddiqui, M.N. (1994). Teaching of science today &
tomorrow, Delhi: Doaba House.
 Singh, V.K. (2014). Teaching Science and Mathematics to all Children at the
Secondary Level (Inclusive Education). In-service Teachers Professional
Development (ITPD) package for teachers of the secondary stage. Department of
Education in Science and Mathematics, New Delhi:NCERT. (available at
[Link])
 NCERT (2015). Including Children with Special Needs-Upper Primary. New
Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 Starin, A., & Sund, B. (1983). Teaching science through discovery. Ohio:
Charles E. Merril Publishing Company
 Tripathi, S. (2004). Teaching of Physical Science, Delhi: Dominant Publications.
 UNESCO (1966). Source Book for Science Teaching, Paris: UNESCO.
 Vaidya, N. (2003). Science Teaching in Schools, New Delhi: Deep &
Deep Publishers.
 Vanaja, M. (2006). Teaching of Physical Science, Hyderabad: Neelkamal
Publications.
 Rao, V.K. (2004). Science Education. APH Publishing Corp., New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 25
 Pedagogy of Teaching Mathematics

Course Code: A4 (b) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

The course will help the student-teachers to generate their student’s interest for
learning maths and develop dispositions towards the subject. It is designed to equip
the learners to teach maths using innovative methods, techniques and teaching learning
materials for children with & without disabilities.

Objectives
After completing the course the student-teachers will be able to
 Explain the nature of Mathematics and its historical development with
contribution of Mathematicians.
 Describe the aims and objectives of teaching Mathematics at school level.
 Demonstrate and apply skills to select and use different methods of teaching
Mathematics.
 Demonstrate competencies of planning for teaching Mathematics, organizing
laboratory facilities and equipment designing pupil centered teaching learning
experiences.
 Demonstrate skills to design and use various evaluation tools to measure learner
achievement in Mathematics.

Unit 1: Nature of Mathematics

1.1 Meaning, Nature, Importance and Value of Mathematics
1.2 Axioms, Postulates, Assumptions and Hypothesis in Mathematics
1.3 Historical Development of Notations and Number Systems
1.4 Contribution of Mathematicians (Ramanujam, Aryabhatta, Bhaskaracharya,
Euclid, Pythagoras)
1.5 Perspectives on Psychology of Teaching and Learning of Mathematics-
Constructivism, Enactivism, Vygotskyian Perspectives, and Zone of Proximal
Development

Unit 2: Objectives and Instructional Planning in Mathematics

2.1 Aims and Objectives of Teaching Mathematics in Elementary and Secondary
Schools
2.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives and Writing Objectives in
Behavioural Terms

2.3 Lesson Planning– Importance and Basic Steps. Planning Lesson of

Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry
2.4 Unit Planning – Format of A Unit Plan

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 26
 2.5 Pedagogical Analysis: Meaning and Need and Procedure for Conducting
Pedagogical Analysis. Classification of Content, Objective, Evaluation, etc

Unit 3: Strategies for Learning and Teaching Mathematics

3.1 Concept Formation and Concept Attainment: Concept Attainment Model for
Learning and Teaching of Concepts
3.2 Learning By Exposition: Advanced Organizer Model
3.3 Methods of Teaching- Mathematics experiencing activities, Inquiry-based
teaching-learning, Lecture, Discussion, Demonstration, Inductive-Deductive,
Analytic-Synthetic, Problem-Solving, Project and Integrating Science,
Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) approach.
3.4 Techniques of Teaching Mathematics: Indian Knowledge System/Indigenous
knowledge and practices, Oral Work, Written Work, Drill-Work, Brain- Storming
and Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), integration of arts, sports and science
in teaching mathematics.
3.5 Creating Different Situations of Learning Engagement: Group Learning,
Individual Learning, Small-Group, Cooperative (Peer-Tutoring, Jigsaw, etc.),
Situational/ Contextual Learning and computational thinking,

Unit 4: Teaching-Learning Resources in Mathematics for Students with Disabilities

4.1 Mathematics Laboratory- Concept, Need, and Equipment for Setting Up a
Mathematics Laboratory, care and maintenance
4.2 Utilization of Learning Resources in Mathematics: Charts and Pictures, Weighing
and Measuring Instruments, Drawing Instruments, Models, Concrete Materials,
Surveying Instruments with reference to Children with Disabilities
4.3 Mathematics learning and enrichment activities-Mathematics Club, Topic-centred and
project based clubs, Quiz and debate clubs, Maths Olympiads and competitions
4.4 Mathematics learning devices: Abacus, Cussionaire Rods, Fractional Discs, Napier
Strips
4.5 Technological support in learning mathematics- Virtual mathematics laboratory,
Maths learning apps, assistive technology, e-contents and other digital materials,
Calculators, Computers, Smart Boards, Multimedia Presentations, and Special,
adapted and universally designed mathematical learning aids for Children with
Disabilities

Unit 5: Assessment and Evaluation for Mathematics Learning

5.1 Assessment and Evaluation- Concept, Importance and Purpose, Flexibility in
assessment.
5.2 Error Analysis, Diagnostic Tests, Identification of Hard Spots and Remedial
Measures
5.3 Tools and Techniques for Formative and Summative Assessments of Learner
Achievement in Mathematics, School Based Assessment in Mathematics and
assessment of holistic development.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 27
 5.4 Preparation of Diagnostic, Achievement Test and holistic development report card.
5.5 Adaptations in Evaluation including techno-based evaluation Procedure for Students
with Disabilities

Transactions
Transaction of this course will include active engagement of learners in mathematics
learning activities, interactive talks & lectures, demonstrations and observations,
exposure to varied settings-mathematics labs, virtual labs, schools and classrooms, field-
trips for mathematical survey and Indian Knowledge System, projects and assignments,
participation in quizzes, workshops and seminars, exhibitions and competitions.

Practical/ Field Engagement/ Project Work

 Preparation of a multimedia presentation on a topic with special reference to students
with disabilities
 Designing procedures of assessment through multiple evidences to ensure
understanding of mathematical concepts, skills and capacities (eg. Procedural
fluency, Computational thinking, problem solving etc.)- designing individual and
group activities for assessment, assignments, projects, real-life experiences, question
papers, quizzes etc.
 Analyzing errors committed by school children in Mathematics and preparing
a remedial plan
 Developing an Action Research proposal for a problem related to teaching
and learning of Mathematics with reference to students with disabilities
Recommended Readings
 Carey, L.M. (1988). Measuring and Evaluating School Learning. Allyn and Bacon,
Boston.
 Chambers, P. (2010). Teaching Mathematics. Sage Publication, New Delhi.
 Chapman, L.R. (1970). The Process of Learning Mathematics. Pregamon Press, New
York.
 David, A.H., Maggie, M.K., & Louann, H.L. (2007). Teaching Mathematics
Meaningfully: Solutions for Reaching Struggling Learners, Canada: Amazon Books.
 David, W. (1988). How Children Think and Learn. Blackwell Publishers Ltd., New
York.
 Gupta, H. N., & Shankaran, V. (1984). Content-Cum-Methodology of Teaching
Mathematics. NCERT, New Delhi.
 James, A. (2005). Teaching of Mathematics. Neelkamal Publication, New Delhi.
 Keeley, P. K., & Cheryl, T. R. (2011). Mathematics Formative Assessment. Sage
Publications. London.
 Kumar, S. (2009). Teaching of Mathematics. Anmol Publications, New Delhi.
 Mangal, S.K. (1993). Teaching of Mathematics. Arya Book Depot, New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 28
 Mani, M. N. G. (1992). Techniques of Teaching Blind Children. Sterling Publishers,
New Delhi.
 Mukhopadhyaya, S., Jangira, N. K., Mani, M.N. G., & Raychaudhary, N. (1988).
Sourcebook for Training Teachers of Visually Handicapped. NCERT, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2012). Pedagogy of Mathematics. Textbook for [Link]. New Delhi:
NCERT.(available at [Link])
 NCERT (2015). Including Children with Special Needs-Upper Primary Stage. New
Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2019). Pedagogy of Mathematics. National Initiatives for School Heads’ and
Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2019). School Based Assessment. National Initiatives for School Heads’ and
Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2022). National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage. New
Delhi:NCERT.
 (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2023). National Curriculum Framework for School Education. New
Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 Nemeth, A. (1973). Nemeth Code for Mathematics and Scientific Notation. American
Printing House, Loviseville.
 Siddhu, K.S. (1990). Teaching of Mathematics. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
 Singh, V.K. (2014). Teaching Science and Mathematics to all Children at the Secondary
Level (Inclusive Education). In-service Teachers Professional Development (ITPD)
package for teachers of the secondary stage. Department of Education in Science and
Mathematics, New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 29
 Pedagogy of Teaching Social Science

Course Code: A 4 (c) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

This course explores the scope of social science. It develops competencies in

designing lesson plans and evaluations tools. It addresses the knowledge and
understanding of the methodologies, approaches to teach social sciences at secondary
level and also modify and adapt content-area curricula, materials and techniques for
students with disabilities. The course also focuses on various skills and competencies
that teachers need to develop.

Objectives
After completing the course the student-teachers will be able to

 Explain the concept, nature and scope of social science.

 Develop competencies for designing unit and lesson plans, as well as
tools of evaluation for social science teaching.
 Develop skills in preparation and use of support materials for effective social
science teaching.
 Develop the ability to organize variety of learning and enrichment activities and
community resources for promoting social science learning.

Unit I: Nature of Social Sciences

1.1 Concept, scope and nature of social science
1.2 Difference between social sciences and social studies
1.3 Aims and objectives of teaching social science at school level
1.4 Significance of social science as a core subject
1.5 Role of social science teacher for an egalitarian society

Unit II: Curriculum and Instructional Planning

2.1 Organization of social science curriculum at school level- considerations from Indian
Knowledge System and rootedness in India, progressive from local to global, real and
diverse, narratives and evidence-based, interdisciplinary, adequate, relevant and
representations of socio-cultural capitals, livelihood and economy, democracy and
governance, and humanistic values and environmental concerns.
2.2 Instructional Planning: Concept, need and importance
2.3 Unit plan and Lesson plan: need and importance
2.4 Procedure of Unit and Lesson Planning
2.5 Adaptation of unit and lesson plans for children with disabilities

Unit III: Approaches to teaching of Social Science

3.1 Curricular approaches: a) Coordination, b) Correlational, c) Concentric, d)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 30
 Spiral, e) Integrated, f) Regressive
3.2 Methods of teaching social science: lecture, conversations, discussions and
debates, socialized recitation, case-studies, evidence-survey, source-auditing,
project method, Inquiry and analytic method, Reflective essays and critics,
creativity (models and artefacts)
3.2.1. Devices and techniques of teaching social studies – Narration, description,
illustration, questioning, assignment, field trip, story- telling, Role play,
Group and self-study, programmed learning, inductive thinking, Concept
mapping, expository teaching and problem solving
3.3 The Social Science Laboratory-Planning organization of Lab, storage, accessible lab,
equipment and resource materials, Assistive technology for learning social science
and Virtual/digital/app-based social science laboratory, Significance of social science
lab (physical/virtual) with reference to Children with Disabilities
3.4 Instructional material for teaching of social science: Time-lines &
Genealogical charts, Maps & Globes, literatures and journals, textbooks and
supplementary readers (in accessible formats), sources from ancient and
contemporary arts, heritage and culture, museum multimedia, Television, Films
& Filmstrips, Social science games and e-contents and digital materials
3.5 Adaptations of curriculum and resource materials for teaching social sciences to
children with disabilities

Unit IV: Assessment and Evaluation of Learning in Social Science

4.1 Assessment and Evaluation-Concept, nature and purpose, flexibility in assessment
4.2 Techniques of evaluating learner achievement in social Science: Written and
Oral tests, Observation Tools, Work Samples, Portfolio, Rubrics.
4.3 Assessment: tools and techniques of School Based Assessment, assessment
of holistic development
4.4 Construction of diagnostic test, teacher made achievement test and holistic
development report card
4.5 Adaptations of Evaluation Procedure for children with disabilities

Unit V: Social Science Teacher as a Reflective Practitioner

5.1 Being a reflective practitioner- use of action research
5.2 Developing an Action Research Plan for solving a problem in teaching-
learning of Social science
5.3 Case study- Need and Importance for a School Teacher
5.4 Development of a Professional Portfolio/ Teaching Journal
5.5 Competencies for teaching Social science to children with disabilities

Transaction
The student-teachers should be encouraged to read literature, research studies and
articles. They will be encouraged to participates in journal clubs, social science circles,
local economy survey, livelihood audits, role play in students’ parliament, democratic

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 31
decision making, action-research (eg. e-commerce), case study (eg. digital economy),
quizzes, seminars, field trips, lectures, demonstrations, school visits and observations to
teach this course.

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

 Develop an Action Research Plan on a problem related to teaching and
learning in Social Science
 Adapt teaching learning materials for a child with disability
 Develop questions and achievement tests in social science
 Organize activities like quiz, mock-parliament, field trips & survey,
exhibitions and any other social science enrichment activities in schools.
 Designing e-content related to social science curriculum for children with
disabilities in an inclusive classroom.
Recommended Readings
 Aggarwal, J. C. (2008). Principles, methods & techniques of teaching.
Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd., Meerut.

 Aggarwal, J.C. (2008). Teaching of social studies: A practical approach.

Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd., Meerut.
 Batra, P. (2010). Social Science Learning in Schools Perspective and
Challenges. Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
 Chauhan, S. S. (2008). Innovations in teaching learning process. Vikas
Publishing House Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.
 Dhand, H. (2009). Techniques of Teaching. APH Publishing Corporation, New
Delhi.
 Duplass, J. A. (2009). Teaching elementary social studies. Atlantic
Publishers, New Delhi.
 George, A. M., & Madam, A. (2009). Teaching Social Science in Schools,
NCERT, New Delhi.
 Mangal, S.K. (2004). Teaching of Social Science, Arya Book Depot, Delhi.
 Mangal, U. (2005). Samajik Shikshan, Arya Book Depot, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2023). National Curriculum Framework for School Education. New
Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2014). Package in Social Sciences for Professional Development of In-
Service Teachers. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2019). Pedagogy of Social Science. National Initiatives for School Heads’
and Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at
[Link])
 NCERT (2019). School Based Assessment. National Initiatives for School Heads’ and
Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 Rai, B.C. (1999). Methods of Teaching Economics. Prakashan Kendra, Lucknow.
 Sharma, R.A. (2008). Technological foundation of education. [Link] Books

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 32
 Depot., Meerut.
 Sharma, R.N. (2008). Principles and techniques of education. Surjeet
Publications, Delhi.
 Singh, Y.K. (2009). Teaching of history: Modern methods. APH
Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
 Stone, R. (2008). Best Practices for Teaching Social Studies: What Award-
Winning Classroom Teachers Do. Corwin, CA.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 33
 हंद भाषा का श ण-शा
(PEDAGOGY OF HINDI)
पा य म कोड : A5 (भाग- IV) े डट : 02 अव ध : 60 घंटे

प रचय
यह पा य म श ा थय को हंद भाषा और सा ह य, नदशा मक योजना और मू यांकन क कृ त को
समझने म स म बनाएगा । यह श ा थय को समावेशी क ाओं म भाषा श ण-अ धगम के स धांत पर
आधा रत पाठ क योजना तैयार करने एवं उससे संबं धत अ धगम-साम ी के नमाण करने म सहायक होगा ।
यह पा य म श ा थय को हंद भाषा के गहन पहलुओं क ववेचना करने और हंद भाषा श ण के
ि टकोण और वतमान थाओं के बारे म जानने का अवसर दान करे गा। भारतीय व अंतरा य संदभ के
संबंध म यह पा य म श ा थय म व लेषणा मक और अनुसंधाना मक कौशल- मता का भी वकास
करे गा य हंद भाषा श ण, अ य भाषा श ाशा , भाषा अ ध हण, भाषा के बहुसां कृ तक पहलुओं और
बहुभाषावाद से संबं धत मु द के लए भी एक आधार दान करे गा।
उ दे य:
तत
ु पा य म वारा श ाथ -
 यि त तथा समाज के जीवन और वकास म ह द भाषा के योगदान से प र चत ह गे।
 मूलभूत भाषा कौशल और भाषा अ धगम म उनक भू मका का अनुभव करगे।
 इकाई नयोजन और पाठ योजना क या के कुशल ह गे।
 ह द श ण के वि ट यावहा रक उ दे य के नधारण और लेखन म स म ह गे।
 ह द श ण के अ धगम ल य क ाि त के लए यो य श ण व धय का योग करगे।
 ह द श ण के उ दे य क सहज ाि त के लए सहायक उपकरण के नमाण और उपयोग म द
ह गे।
 भाषा अ धगम म व यालय आधा रत आंकलन व ध के उपयोग कुशलतापूवक करगे।
 भाषा अ धगम म व या थय क क ठनाइय के नराकरण के लए या मक अनस
ु ंधान का योग
करगे।
इकाई -१ ह द भाषा क कृ त, यो यता और संवधन
 ह द भाषा का नामकरण, सं कृत से ह द के उ भव क या।
 ह द भाषा म उद,ू अं ेजी और सं कृत से समा व ट यय।
 व वभाषा और भ व य भाषा के प म ह द के वकास का आंकलन।
 ह द सा ह य का सामा य प रचय।

 ह द ग य सा ह य क वधाएँ – कहानी नाटक और महाका य, उप यास, या ा ववरण, आ मकथा

और सं मरण।

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 34
इकाई २ - भाषा अ धगम क कृ त और पाठ नयोजन
 ह द श ण के ल य और उ दे य।
 काई नयोजन का यय, इसका मह व और नमाण. व ध।
 पाठयोजना का प रचय, उपयोग और मह व।
 पाठयोजना के चरणए संरचनाए उपागम और उनका या वयन।
 ह द श ण के ाना मक, बोधा मक, कौशला मक और चगत उ दे य का नधारण।

इकाई ३ - ह द क व वध वधाओं के ष ण क व धय का प रचय और उपयोग

 ग य एवं प य श ण क आव यकता और उपयो गता।
 ग य श ण क अथबोध, वया या, व लेषण और संयु त व ध का प रचय और इनक समी ा।
 प य श ण क श दाथ कथन, ख डा वय, यास तथा समी ा व ध का प रचय और इनक
 उपयु तता का आंकलन।
 याकरण श ण क आव यकता और उपयो गता।
 याकरण श ण क नगमन, आगमन, भाषासंसग और पा य-पु तक व धय का मू यांकन।
इकाई ४ - भाषा अ धगम- ष ण म सहायक साम य का योग
 ण उपकरण का संदभ, मह व और लाभ।
 अ धगम- श ण के य, यए पश उपकरण के कार।
 य उपकरण – यामप ट, चाट, न शा, मान च , त प, कायशाल त प और लैश
 काडए सांके तक भाषा क वी डयो तथा अनुशीषक, अखबार, प काओं और पु तक इ या द के योग
क व ध और अ यास।
 य उपकरण - कॉ पै ट ड क, य पु तक, डेजी पु तक , आई-पॉड इ या द के योग क व ध
और अ यास।
 पश उपकरण - वा त वक व तए
ु ंए यि तए व तए
ु आवागमनए पशु.प ीए पेड़.पौधे इ या द
o के पशा मक . त पए पशा मक न शा, पशा मक मान च , मानव.शर र का
पशा मक.
o त पए ेल. लपी म पा यपु तकेण ् एवं अ य पशा मक श ण. अ धगम सहायक
साम ी
o इ या द के प म योग क व ध और उपयो गता।

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 35
  वै यद
ु ि वक उपकरण - टे ल वजन, क यट
ू र, डीजीटल पु तक, ई.साम ीए सॉ ट.वेयरस, मोबाइल
ए पस और व वजाल के सहायक तकनीक व उपकरण के प म योग क व ध और उपयो गता।
 भाषा अ धगम म भाषा योगशाला ;भौ तक व आभाषी ध के योग क व ध और समी ा।
इकाई ५ - भाषा अ धगम के आंकलन व मू यांकन क वध
 आंकलन व मू यांकन क संक पना, उ दे य और मह व, आंकलन या म लचीलापन ।
 आंकलन के व भ न कार तथा उपकरणए व यालय आधा रत आंकलन का संदभ।
 लेखन, पठन, त
ृ लेख, सुलेख, ती लेखन, ु टमु त लेखन, आशुभाषण, का यपाठ, गीत, अ भनय,
संवाद, याकलाप और नेत ृ व के गुण का व ध वारा मू यांकन तथा उनके के भाषा अ धगम का
संचयीव ृ बनाना
 ु टय क पहचान व व लेषणए नैदा नक पर ण और उपचारा मक उपाय य
 द यांग व या थय के लए आंकलन या म अनक
ु ू लन और उनके सवागीण वकास का आंकलन
कर रपोट तैयार करना।
पा य म के संचालन
इस पा य म के संचालन म हंद श ण-अ धगम क ग त व धयां, पार प रक चचा और या यान,
सा ह य-समी ा, दशन और अवलोकन, व भ न अ धगम क , जैस-े भाषा योगशालाओं, आभासी
योगशालाओं, कूल और क ाओं इ या द म श ा थय क स य भागीदार शा मल होगी| इसके
अ त र त हंद भाषा क बहुसां कृ तक पहलू और बहुलता को समझाने हेतु व भ न प रवेश म
अकाद मक- मण; प रयोजनाएं और ई-साम ी और डिजटल श ण साम ी क तैयार , ि वज़
कायशालाओं और संगोि ठय , दश नय और तयो गताओं म भागीदार के अवसर दान कए
जाएंगे |
पा य म काय ायो गक कायध ् अ धगम क पर काय –
 आधु नक भाषा के प म ह द के गुण और ि त का अनुसंधान ववरण।
 ह द श ण क क ह दो अधनुतन व धय का प रचय एवं इनके उपयोग क तुलना मक
समी ा।
 ह द श ण के वण, वाचन और लेखन अ धगम के सट क मू यांकन म व यालय
आधा रत आंकलन क व ध के उपयोग का ववरण।
 च तन दै नि दनी, पोटफो लयो और आलोचना मक ववरणी के उपयोग क समी ा और
इनक तकृ त का तु तकरण।

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 36
संदभ पु तक -
 पा डेय, ु तका त (२०१०) ह द श ण : अ भनव आयाम, एि सस पि लकेशंस,
द रयागंज, नई द ल
 मंगल, उमा (२००५) ह द श ण, आय बुक डपो करोल बाग, नई द ल
 पा डेय, रामशकल (२००५) ह द श ण, वनोद पु तक मि दर
 शु ल, रामच द (२००६) ह द सा ह य का इ तहास, राजकमल काशन, नई द ल
 लाल, रमन बहार (२००२) ह द श ण, र तोगी काशन, मेरठ
 संह, सा व ी (२००४) ह द श ण, इ टरनेशनल पि ल शंग हाउस, मेरठ
 रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१४) वशेष आव यकता वाले ब च का समावेशन- ाथ मक तर, रा य
शै क अनस
ु ंधान और श ण प रष , नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प. ([Link])
 रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१५). वशेष आव यकता वाले ब च का समावेशन-उ च ाथ मक तर,
रा य शै क अनुसंधान और श ण प रष , नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प.
([Link])
 रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१९). व यालय आधा रत आंकलन | कूल मुख और श क क सम
उ न त के लए रा य पहल, नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प. ([Link])
• रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१९). भाषा श ण-शा | कूल मख
ु और श क क सम उ न त के
लए रा य पहल, नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प. ([Link])
 रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१४). वशेष आव यकता वाले ब च का समावेशन- ाथ मक तर, रा य शै क
अनुसंधान और श ण प रष , नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प. ([Link])
 रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१५). वशेष आव यकता वाले ब च का समावेशन-उ च ाथ मक तर, रा य
शै क अनुसंधान और श ण प रष , नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प. ([Link])
 रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१९). व यालय आधा रत आंकलन | कूल मुख और श क क सम
उ न त के लए रा य पहल, नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प. ([Link])
 रा.शै. अ. . प. (२०१९). भाषा श ण-शा | कूल मख
ु और श क क सम उ न त के
लए रा य पहल, नई द ल : रा.शै. अ. . प. ([Link])

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 37
 Pedagogy of Teaching English

Course Code: A5 (e) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

This course will enable the learners to gain a strong knowledge base in nature of English
language & literature, instructional planning and evaluation. It will help learners in
applying theory to practice in designing own materials and i n planning lessons in
preparation for teaching-learning in inclusive classes. The course offers learners the
opportunity to explore in-depth aspects of E nglish and to find out about the
approaches and current practices of language teaching in relation to Indian and
international contexts. The course also equips learners with analytical and
investigative skills and provides a foundation in issues related to English language
teaching, second language pedagogy, language acquisition, multicultural aspects of
language and multilingualism.

Objectives
After completing the course the student-teachers will be able to
 Explain the principles of language teaching, and evolution and trends in
English literature.
 Prepare an instructional plan in English.
 Adapt various approaches and methods to teach English language.
 Use various techniques to evaluate the achievement of the learner in English.

Unit I: Nature of English Language & Literature

1.1 Principles of Language Teaching
1.2 Language Proficiency: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
1.3 English Language in the school context: An Evolutionary Perspective
1.4 Current Trends in Modern English Literature in Indian context
1.5 Teaching as second language in Indian context.

Unit II: Instructional Planning

2.1 Aims and objectives of Teaching English at different stages of schooling
2.2 Instructional Planning: Need and Importance
2.3 Unit and lesson plan: Need and Importance
2.4 Procedure of Unit and Lesson Planning
2.5 Planning and adapting units and lessons for children with disabilities

Unit III: Approaches and Methods of Teaching English

3.1 Difference between an approach and a method

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 38
 3.2 Task based approach, collaborative learning, experiential learning,
reflective, inquiry-based approach, language across curriculum,
communicative language teaching, Bilingual, Multilingual, Eclectic and Constructive
approach
3.3 Method Teaching of Prose, Poetry, Drama, Grammar and Vocabulary- i)
Translation method. ii) Structural – Situational method. iii) Direct method iv)
integrative method
3.4 Development of four basic language skills: Listening (comprehension), Speaking
(communication), Reading, and Writing
3.5 Accommodation in approaches and techniques in teaching children with disabilities

Unit IV: Instructional Materials

4.1 Importance of instructional material and their effective use
4.2 The use of the instructional aids for effective teaching of English:
Multimedia including chalk, digital/smart, flannel Board, Pictures/ Picture-cut-
outs, Charts, Tape-records, Radio, Television, mobile phone, Films & Filmstrips,
Projector, Language Laboratory, Virtual lab, Language games, reading cards,
Worksheets, Handouts, and literature.
4.3 Construction of a teacher made learning materials and other resurces for
English proficiency
4.4 Language learning and enrichment activities-storytime, book review, reading buddies,
book club, language circles, quizzes, discussions, debates, script writing and
composing, creative writing, writing portfolio
4.5 Adaptations of teaching material for children with disabilities

Unit V: Assessment and Evaluation

5.1 Assessment and Evaluation - Concept and Need, Flexibility in assessment
5.2 Assessing Language skills and Language elements (Vocabulary,
Grammar and Phonology)
5.3 Tools and techniques of Assessment, School Based Assessment in English language,
Assessment of Holistic Development
5.4 Error Analysis, Diagnostic Tests, Identification of Hard Spots and Enrichment
measures
5.5 Adaptation of Evaluation Tools and Formats for Children with Disabilities, designing
of Individualized assessment procedure and holistic development report card.

Transaction
Transaction of this course will include active engagement of learners in English
teaching-learning activities, interactive talks & lectures, literature-review,
demonstrations and observations, exposure to varied settings-language labs, virtual labs,
schools and classrooms, field-trips for multicultural aspects of language and plurality,
projects and assignments, preparation of e-contents and digital learning materials,
participation in quizzes, workshops and seminars, exhibitions and competitions.

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 39
  Design teaching programme based on error analysis
 Develop an Action Research Plan for measuring the effectiveness of a given
teaching approach in English
 Develop work sheet (interactive including language games)
 Prepare worksheets to enrich vocabulary among secondary students with disabilities
 Develop lesson plans for the teaching of prose and poetry
 Critically analyze any one poem or essay of a well known poet or writer

Recommended Readings
 Agnihotri, R.K., & Khanna, A. L.(1996). English Grammar in context. Ratnasagar, Delhi.
 Allen, H., & Cambell, R. (1972). Teaching English as second Language, McGraw
Hill, New York.
 Bharthi, T., & Hariprasad, M. (2004). Communicative English, Neelkamal
Publications, Hyderabad.
 Bhatia, K.K. (2006). Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language.
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
 Bhatia, K.K., & Kaur, N. (2011). Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign
Language. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 Bindra, R. (2005). Teaching of English. Radha Krishan Anand and Co., Jammu.
 Grellet, F. (1980). Developing Reading Skills, Cambridge University Press, New York.
 Krashen, D. (1992). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition.
Pergamum Press Oxford.
 Krishna Swamy (2003). Teaching English: Approaches, Methods and
Techniques. Macmillan Publication, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2014). Including Children with Special Needs-Primary Stage. New Delhi:
NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2015). Including Children with Special Needs-Upper Primary Stage. New
Delhi: NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2019). Pedagogy of Languages. National Initiatives for School Heads’ and
Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2019). School-Based Assessment. National Initiatives for School Heads’ and
Teachers Holistic Advancement. New Delhi:NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2022). National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage. New Delhi:
NCERT. (available at [Link])
 NCERT (2023). National Curriculum Framework for School Education. New Delhi:
NCERT. (available at [Link])
 Sachdeva, M. S. (2007). Teaching of English. Patiala: Twenty First Century Publications.
 Sahu, B. K. (2004). Teaching of English. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
 Shaik, M. & Gosh, R.N. (2005). Techniques of Teaching English.
Neelkamal Publications, Hyderabad.
 Sharma, P. (2011). Teaching of English: Skill and Methods. Shipra Publication, Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 40
 AREA B
CROSS DISABILITY AND INCLUSION
COURSES

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 41
 Introduction to Disabilities

Course Code: B1 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

This course is designed to provide an overview of disabilities. While specifically understanding the
types and needs of various disabilities, the course also aims to develop knowledge and
understanding about vital provisions as per the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (RPwD
2016) for empowering persons with disabilities. The course also intends to develop sensitivity
towards persons with disabilities which is essential while working and teaching children with
disabilities

Objectives: After completing the course, the learners will be able to:

 Explain the various terms associated with disabilities

 Classify various disabilities according to different frameworks
 Describe the vital provisions for empowering persons with disabilities
 Give details of the prevalence, characteristics and needs of various disabilities
 Discuss the sensitivity to be kept in mind while working with persons with disabilities

Unit I: Basics of disability

1.1 Exceptionality: Concept, Types, Strengths and Characteristics
1.2 Diversity, Difficulty, Delay & Disability in learners
1.3 Myths and realities about disabilities. 2e- Twice exceptionality
1.4 21 Specified disabilities in RPwD (2016) and their educational implications
1.5 International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework of WHO; inaccessible
environments as a source of barriers for learners with disabilities

Unit 2: Significant provisions for empowerment of learners with disabilities in RPWD Act
(2016)

2.1 Respect for difference and acceptance of persons with disabilities as part of human diversity
2.2 Benchmark disabilities & high support needs
2.3 Reasonable accommodations, equality and equity
2.4 Accessibility & barrier free environment for different disabilities
2.5 Effective participation and inclusion

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 42
Unit 3 Characteristics, incidence, prevalence, types, and needs of persons with;
3.1 Locomotor disabilities and Muscular Dystrophy
3.2 Cerebral Palsy and other neurological conditions
3.3 Blindness and Low vision
3.4 Hearing impairment
3.5 Speech and language disabilities

Unit 4 Characteristics, incidence, prevalence, types, and needs of persons with;

4.1 Intellectual Disability
4.2 Autism Spectrum Disorder
4.3 Specific Learning Disabilities
4.4 Multiple Disability and Deafblindness
4.5 Other Disabilities included in the RPwD (2016)

Unit 5: Sensitivity while working with persons with disabilities

5.1 Use of respectable and ‘person first’ language and preserve identity
5.2 Avoid labeling except for certification purposes.
5.3 Uphold abilities and not limitations
5.4 Understand intersectionality of disability
5.5 Eliminate stereotypes

Transactions

Lectures, readings, group discussions and debates

Course work/Field engagements

 Making awareness posters for avoiding labeling, upholding strengths

 Awareness programs on celebrating days allocated for specific disabilities
 Gathering state wise data about incidence of disability

Recommended readings:

 Batshaw, M. L., Roizen, N. J., & Lotrecchiano, G. R. (2012). Children with disabilities. Paul H
Brooks Publishing.
 Chavan, B.S, Ahmed, W., Gupta, R.K. (2022).Comprehensive text book on disability. New
Delhi: JayPee brothers medical publishers (P) Ltd.

 Chauhan, N. K. (2023). Introduction to disabilities. Book Enclave.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 43
 Dogbe, D. S. Q., Yeboah, K. A. (2020). Introduction to special education and disability studies.
LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
 Farrell, A. F. (2015). Educating special students: An introduction to provision for learners with
disabilities and disorders. Sage Publications.
 Hodkinson, A. (2019). Key issues in special educational needs, disability and inclusion. SAGE
Publication Ltd.
 Johnstone, D. (2001). An introduction to disability. David Fulton Publisher.
 Khatri, N. (2023). Introduction to disability. Walnut Publication.
 Martin, J. E., & Martin, R. (2016). An introduction to special education: Making a difference.
Pearson.
 Mishra, P., Reddy, K. S., & Sridevi, K. (2021). Introduction to disabilities. Neelkamal
Publications (P) Ltd (Hyderabad)
 Ramaswamy, B. (2012). Introduction to disability basic concepts and issues. Kaniska
Publication.
 Shakespeare, T. (2018). Disability the basis. Routledge.
 Smith, J., & Sewell, A. (2020). Introduction to special educational needs, disability and
inclusion: a student's guide. SAGE Publication Ltd.
 Wearmouth, J. (2023). Special educational needs and disability. Routledge.
 Westwood, P. (2013). What teachers need to know about students with disabilities. ACER
Press.
Web links
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 44
 Introduction to Education of Students with Disabilities

Course Code: B2 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

This course will enable the learners to gain knowledge about the developments in the education of
children with disabilities based on philosophical transformations, Govt initiatives, legal and policy
provisions, technology and research. The course will also provide knowledge about various
educational options and their infrastructural requirements and pedagogical practices. Learners, who
will be special educators after successfully completing the program, would also understand their
current role responsibilities and futuristic skills for education of children with disabilities.
Objectives
After completing the course, the learners will be able to:
 Discuss the developments on the basis of advancements that rationalize the change in trends in
the education of children with disabilities
 Describe the national initiatives and provisions for education children with disabilities and their
families
 Explain the infrastructural requirements and pedagogical practices for various educational set
ups
 Explain and undertake their role responsibilities as a special educator
 Discuss the readiness required for the future for education of students with disabilities

Unit 1: Changing perspectives in the education of children with disabilities

1.1 Paradigm shift in the disability (re)habilitation models & its impact on education of
children with disabilities

1.2 Understanding the segregated special education, integrated education and inclusive
education from the lens of policy provisions and recommendations of National Acts
provisions, Education commissions, Disability and Education policies, and International
frameworks
1.3 Technological advancements leading to changing perspectives towards education of children
with disabilities
1.4 Research in neuroscience and neuroplasticity contributing for early childhood education
and intervention

1.5 Concept of ‘high returns on early investment’ facilitating early identification and
intervention and education of children with disabilities

Unit 2: Current initiatives for education of children with disabilities

2.1 Initiatives by various Ministries in setting up of CDEIC and DIEC centers and training of
Aganwadis for facilitating early identification and intervention for inclusive education

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 45
2.2 Setting up and supporting of special schools, centers, vocational education; provisions of
various Govt schemes
2.3 ‘Divyanjan’ as SEDGs and their educational empowerment; provisions in NEP 2020 and
National Curricular Framework for Foundational Stage (2022), National
Curricular Framework for School Education (2023)
2.4 Training regular school teachers, norms for special educators, standards for teacher pupil
ratio for inclusive education and accommodations for learning as directed by Supreme Court
judgment (2021)
2.5 Reservation of seats under RTE (2009) Act and creating barrier free environment in schools
and e-content guidelines, provisions of open schooling

Unit 3: Changing role of a special educator

3.1 Sensitizing community and Aganwadis for early identification and intervention,
development of soft skills, attending skills and knowledge of ICT
3.2 Home visits and need based home training, informed choices, supporting for conducting
surveys as mentioned in RPwD Act (2016)
3.3 Assisting families in availing facilities in schemes, concessions and preparation of UDID
card and data management
3.4 Working with general school teachers for inclusive pedagogy and supporting basic skills for
learning for children with different disabilities
3.5 Undertaking action research and attending continuous rehabilitation and professional
development programs

Unit 4: Setting up of the special centres and curricular strategies in special schools (12 hrs)

4.1 Early intervention (below 3 years) infrastructural requirements, cross disability curriculum,
school readiness programs and transition planning
4.2 Foundational and preparatory (3 yrs to 11 yrs) infrastructural requirements and pedagogical
practices
4.3 Middle school (11yrs to 14 years) and secondary (14 yrs to 18 years) infrastructural
requirements and pedagogical practices, supporting career education of students with
disabilities.
4.4 Pedagogical practices for high support needs, multiple disabilities and independent living
skills
4.5 Maintaining school records and conducting parent meetings and programs for families

Unit 5: Futuristic requirements for education of students with disabilities

5.1 Using technological tools and apps for easing and enhancing communication, reading,
writing and computing
5.2 Blended and Web-Based educational service for distance learning for reaching the
unreached

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 46
5.3 UDL (Universal designs for learning) frameworks
5.4 AI (Artificial intelligence) tools to surpass communication barriers, AI-powered assistive
robots for assisting students with socio-emotional challenges; AI tools for collecting and
preserving data for monitoring progress, fine-tuning teaching strategies, and identify
potential learning roadblocks.
5.5 Education for life and career skills: Critical thinking, problem solving, reasoned decisions,
financial literacy, entrepreneurship skills, collaborations and risk taking abilities
Transaction:

Lectures, Symposiums, Desk reviews, Focus Group Discussions

Course work/Field engagements

 Visits to various educational set ups

 Interacting with Adults with disabilities and Senior retired professionals
 Readings and reflections of biographies and institutional reports
 Flow chart of accessing Govt schemes

Recommended readings

 Ajay Singh, Mark Viner, Chia Jung Yeh (2020). Special Education Design and Development Tools
for School Rehabilitation Professionals, IGI Global, USA
 Ange Anderson (2019). Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence in
Special Education: A Practical Guide to Supporting Students with Learning Differences,
Routledge; 1st edition
 B S Chavan, Wasim Ahmad, Raj Kumari Gupta (Eds). Comprehensive Textbook on
Disability (2022) ISBN: 978-93-5465-551-7 (2022), Jaypee brothers medical
publishers, New Delhi
 Catlin Tucker, Katie Novak (2022). The Shift to Student-Led: Reimagining Classroom
Workflows with UDL and Blended Learning, Impress, LP
 Chandra, S. (2023). Universal Design for Learning Addressing the Barriers, IP Innovative
Publication Pvt Ltd
 Curricular framework for cross disability early intervention and school readiness, Pehal and
Nipun, published by RCI, AYJNISHD (D) and Pratham
 Disability and Inclusion: From rationale to reality, Ratan Sarkar, Dr. Mumtaz Begum
Eds:, New Delhi ISBN: 978-81-8435-469-0Adyayan Publishers & Distributors,
 Dr. Behzad Maqbool, Prof. Jayanthi Pujari (Editor). Changing Scenario and Emerging
Trends in Special Education. Neelkamal publications
 Dr. K. Ravikanth Rao and Dr. P. Dinakar (2016). Life Skills Education. Neelkamal
publishers, Hyderbad
 Edward A. Polloway, James R. Patton, Loretta Serna, Jenevie W. Bailey (2012). Strategies
for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Pearson publisher
 G, Shirly., Kunnath, S K., Varghese, A., George, V M., (Eds) (2019). Disability: an
overview. Trivandrum, NISH. ISBN: 9788193985007.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 47
  G. Lokanadha Reddy (2015). Role Performance of Special Education Teachers: Problems
and Prospects. Discovery Publishing [Link]
 Himangshu Das & Rajesh Ramachandran (2022). Challenges in Transition: Autism
Spectrum Disorder Eds, ISBN: 978-81-957612-1-0, published by NIEPMD, Chennai
([Link]/publications)
 Keith Strorey, Paul Bates, Dawn Hunter (2008). The Road Ahead Transition to Adult
life for Persons with Disabilities. Training Resource Network, Inc
 Khursheed Ahmad Butt (2022). National Higher Education Policy 2020: How to Make It
Happen? Atlantic Publishers and Distributors (P) Ltd
 Lawrence, Arul A.S & Thiyagarajan, P, (2021). Nation building through skill
development. Tamil Nadu Open University. ISBN 978-81-951793-1-2
 Mangal, S. K., Mangal, Shubhra (2019). Creating An Inclusive School. PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd
 Manpreet Singh Manna, Balamurugan Balusamy, Meenakshi Sharma, Prithi Samuel (2023).
Blended Learning and MOOCs-A New Generation Education System. Taylor & Francis
group
 Marilyn Friend (2007) Special Education: Contemporary Perspectives for School
Professionals. Pearson publication
 Mark Viner, Ajay Singh, Michael F. Shaughnessy (2022). Research Anthology on Inclusive
Practices for Educators and Administrators in Special Education, IGI Global, USA
 Mubarak Singh (2010). Education of Children with Special Needs, 01 Edition, Kanishka Publishers
Distributors
 Narayan, Jayanthi (2005). Creating play environment for children with sensory
Impairment & additional disabilities
 Nawale, Arvind & Nivargi, M & Gangane, A & Tiwari, Sandya. (2018). An Introduction to
Life Skills. Macmillan Publishers ISBN: 9387914887
 Neeru Gupta (2017). Major Issues & Challenges in Special Education in India. Horizon
books
 S.L. Sharma, B.S. Ghuman and Shital Parkash (Eds.) (2018). Higher Education In India:
The Changing Scenario. Rawat publications.
 Samuel Kai Wah Chu, Rebecca B. Reynolds, Nicole J. Tavares, Michele Notari, Celina
Wing Yi Lee (2018) 21st Century Skills Development Through Inquiry-Based Learning
From Theory to Practice. Springer Nature, Singapore
 Satish Chandra (2023). Universal Design for Learning Addressing the Barriers, IP
Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd
 Verma. P, Panshikar, A & Gupta, Y (Eds.) (2019), Be the difference: equality & equity in
education. New Delhi, ISBN: 978-93-82884-94-1 S R publishing house.
 Yukti Sharma (2021). Inclusive Education Perspectives Praxis And Pedagogy, Pearson India
Web based readings

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 48
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
Ed/I/CONTEMPORARY%20INDIA%20AND%[Link]
 [Link]
reports/[Link]
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
th_Special_Education
 [Link]
 [Link]
df
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 49
 Equitable and Inclusive Education

Course Code: B 3 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:
The course is designed to develop an understanding of equitable and inclusive education and
addressing diversity in the mainstream classroom. It is also formulated in a way that the learners
will know the pedagogical practices and recognise ways in which different stakeholders can
collaborate for the success of inclusive education.

Objectives: After completing the course the learner will be able to

 Explain the construct of inclusive education and the progression from segregation towards
valuing & and appreciating diversity in inclusive education.
 Explicate the national and key international policies and frameworks facilitating inclusive
education.
 Enumerate the skills in adapting instructional strategies for teaching in mainstream
classrooms.
 Describe the inclusive pedagogical practices and their relation to good teaching.
 Expound strategies for collaborative working and stakeholders' support in implementing
inclusive education.

Unit 1: Introduction to Inclusive Education & Policy Perspectives

1.1 Disability & Diversity; Diversity in Classrooms (Learning Styles, Linguistic & Socio-Cultural
Multiplicity)
1.2 Marginalisation vs. Inclusion; Meaning & Definition of Inclusive Education; Understanding
Barriers to Inclusive Education: Physical, Educational and Attitudinal
1.3 Changing Practices in Education of Children with Disabilities: Segregation, Integration &
Inclusion
1.4 National Commissions & Policies Promoting Inclusive Education
1.5 International Declarations & Conventions Promoting Inclusive Education

Unit 2: Adaptations, Reasonable Accommodations & Planning

2.1 Need for Adaptations; Curricular Adaptations
2.2 Disability-Specific Adaptation: Requirements & Approaches
2.3 Importance of Communication & Language for Inclusive Classroom
2.4 Participation in Non-Academic Curricular Activities: Planning and Adaptations
2.5 Assessments Strategies for Facilitating Learning in an Inclusive Classroom

Unit 3: Inclusive Academic Instructions

3.1 Universal Design & Addressing Diversity: Meaning, Key Principles
3.2 Universal Design for Learning: Understanding Principles and Application to Classrooms
3.3 Inclusive Classroom Environment
3.4 Differential Instructions & Peer Mediated Instructions (Peer Tutoring, Peer Assisted
Learning)
3.5 Engaging Gifted Children: Cooperative Teaching Models

Unit 4: Supports and Collaborations for Inclusive Education

4.1 Planning for Classroom engagement for all (Lesson Planning for different Subjects)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 50
4.2 Advocacy & Leadership for Inclusion in Education; Stakeholders of Inclusive Education &
their Responsibilities
4.3 Resource rooms and the role of special educators
4.4 Integration of ICT for Inclusion
4.5 Family Support & Community Involvement for Inclusion

Unit 5: Positive Behaviour Supports

5.1 Understanding behaviours: Topography, communicative and non-communicative functions,
internal and external factors
5.2 Neurodivergent affirming strategies to promote positive behaviour support (e.g. using interest,
structure, visual strategies, self-stimulatory behaviours, providing choices and control)
5.3 Understanding role of using motivation and teaching emotional regulation
5.4 Creating predictable environments
5.5 Differentiating between shutdowns, meltdowns and tantrums

Transactions
Group discussions following videos and visits. A debate for Inclusion vs. Segregation. Self-study
for legislations and frameworks. Presentations and critical analysis of laws and policies.

Course work / Practical / Field Engagement

 Visit Special Schools for at least two disabilities and at least two inclusive schools and write
observation reports highlighting pedagogy
 Prepare a checklist for accessibility in mainstream schools for children with disabilities
 Design a poster on inclusive education considering policy concerns
 Prepare a lesson plan on any one school subject of your choice using any one inclusive
academic instructional strategy

Recommended Readings
 Bartlett, L. D., & Weisentein, G. R. (2003). Successful Inclusion for Educational Leaders. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall.
 Chaote, J. S. (1991). Successful Mainstreaming. Allyn and Bacon.
 Choate, J. S. (1997). Successful Inclusive Teaching. Allyn and Bacon.
 Daniels, H. (1999). Inclusive Education. London: Kogan.
 Deiner, P. L. (1993). Resource for Teaching Children with Diverse Abilities, Florida: Harcourt
Brace and Company.
 Dessent, T. (1987). Making Ordinary School Special. Jessica Kingsley Pub.
 Gargiulo, R.M. Special Education in Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Exceptionality.
Belmont: Wadsworth.
 Gartner, A., & Lipsky, D.D. (1997). Inclusion and School Reform Transferring America’s
Classrooms. Baltimore: P. H. Brookes Publishers.
 Giuliani, G.A. & Pierangelo, R. (2007). Understanding, Developing and Writing IEPs. Corwin
press: Sage Publishers.
 Gore, M.C. (2004) . Successful Inclusion Strategies for Secondary and Middle School Teachers,
Crowin Press, Sage Publications.
 Hegarthy, S. & Alur, M. (2002). Education of Children with Special Needs: from Segregation to
Inclusion, Corwin Press, Sage Publishers.
 Karant, P., & Rozario, J. ((2003). Learning Disabilities in India. Sage Publications.
 Karten, T. J. (2007). More Inclusion Strategies that Work. Corwin Press, Sage Publications.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 51
 King‐Sears, M. (1994). Curriculum‐Based Assessment in Special Education. California:
Singular Publications.
 Lewis, R. B., & Doorlag, D. (1995). Teaching Special Students in the Mainstream. 4th Ed. New
Jersey: Pearson.
 McCormick, S. (1999). Instructing Students who Have Literacy Problems. 3rd Ed. New Jersey,
Pearson.
 Rayner, S. (2007). Managing Special and Inclusive Education, Sage Publications.
 Ryandak, D. L. & Alper, S. (1996). Curriculum Content for Students with Moderate and Severe
Disabilities in Inclusive Setting. Boston, Allyn and Bacon.
 Sedlak, R. A., & Schloss, P. C. (1986). Instructional Methods for Students with Learning and
Behaviour Problems. Allyn and Bacon.
 Stow L. & Selfe, L. (1989). Understanding Children with Special Needs. London: Unwin
Hyman.
 Turnbull, A., Turnbull, R., Turnbull, M., & Shank, D.L. (1995). Exceptional Lives: Special
Education in Today’s Schools. 2nd Ed. New Jersey: Prentice‐Hall Inc.
 Vlachou D. A. (1997). Struggles for Inclusive Education: An Ethnographic Study. Philadelphia:
Open University Press.
 Westwood, P. (2006). Commonsense Methods for Children with Special Educational Needs -
Strategies for the Regular Classroom. 4th Edition, London Routledge Falmer: Taylor & Francis
Group.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 52
 LIFE SKILLS ACROSS LIFE SPAN

Course Code: B4 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction: Teaching life skills is essential for fostering independence, social integration,
employability, and overall well-being throughout the lifespan of individuals with disability. The
skills evolve over a period of time along with the individual with a disability and their environment.
Keeping a life span perspective is crucial as it plays a significant role in the holistic development
and independence of individuals with special needs throughout their lifespan. It empowers them to
lead fulfilling lives and actively participate in their communities.

Objectives: After completing the course the learner will be able to:
 Critically evaluate the necessity and relevance of appropriate life skills development
 Make individualized adaptions to teach skills across diverse learners
 Plan for transitions at various life stages
 Understand and implement strategies to promote SEL and other critical life skills in
individuals with disabilities
Unit 1. Foundations of Life Skills Education
1.1 Introduction to life skills
1.2 Theoretical frameworks supporting life skills development
1.3 Developmentally appropriate life skills across different life stages
1.4 Relevance of life skills for children with disabilities
1.5 Ethical, inclusive and experiential practices

Unit 2. Adapting Life Skills for Diverse Learners

2.1 Adaptive and differentiated instruction in life skills
2.2 Assistive technology, AACs in teaching life skills
2.3 Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) for life skills
2.4 Addressing challenges
2.5 Transition planning for life after school

Unit 3. Promoting Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) and Personal Competencies

3.1 Understanding emotions and emotional regulation
3.2 Strategies for emotional regulation and self-management
3.3 Social awareness and empathy
3.4 Parent, caregiver and professional’s role in supporting social and emotional learning
3.5 Methods for Influencing the socio-emotional Development of individuals with special Needs:
insights from Current Research

Unit 4. Teaching Critical Life Skills

4.1. Perspective taking, critical thinking and problem-solving, executive functioning
4.2. Social (interpersonal skills and conflict resolution), Communication skills (Verbal, non-verbal,
AACs) and Emotional Regulation (identification, expression and stress management)
4.3. Self-care, personal hygiene, privacy and sexuality, and independent living
4.4. Financial literacy and functional life skills (home, educational, training and employment setup)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 53
4.5. Leadership and self-advocacy, community participation, rights, leisure and recreation
Unit 5. Collaborative Approaches in Life Skills Education
5.1 Interdisciplinary collaboration
5.2 Family-professional partnerships
5.3 Community engagement for life skills
5.4 Peer-mediated instruction
5.5 Real-life education through life skills: innovations and best practices in special education

Transaction
The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Develop worksheets and TLMs to teach essential life skills
 Develop and execute lesson plans to group teach selected life skills to individuals under 10
years of age essential in inclusive classrooms
 Develop and execute lesson plans to group teach selected life skills to individuals over 10
years of age essential in educational settings
 Develop and execute lesson plans to individually teach selected life skills essential in a
workplace

Recommended Readings

Chung, C. K., Talreja, V., & a Dream, D. (2022). When We Thrive, Our World Thrives: Stories of
Young People Growing Up With Adversity. Notion Press.
Ciarrochi, J., Forgas, J. P., & Mayer, J. D. (Eds.). (2013). Emotional intelligence in everyday life.
Psychology press.
Elias, M. J. (2003). Academic and social-emotional learning (Vol. 11). Brussels, Belgium:
International Academy of Education.
Espelage, D. L., Rose, C. A., & Polanin, J. R. (2016). Social-emotional learning program to
promote prosocial and academic skills among middle school students with disabilities.
Remedial and Special Education, 37(6), 323-332.
Humphrey, N., Lendrum, A., Wigelsworth, M., & Greenberg, M. T. (Eds.). (2020). Social and
emotional learning. Routledge.
Keenan, S., King, G., Curran, C. J., & McPherson, A. (2014). Effectiveness of experiential life
skills coaching for youth with a disability. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics,
34(2), 119-131.
Kennedy, F., Pearson, D., Brett-Taylor, L., & Talreja, V. (2014). The life skills assessment scale:
measuring life skills of disadvantaged children in the developing world. Social Behavior and
Personality: an international journal, 42(2), 197-209.
Life Skills Curriculum in India and research ([Link] &
[Link] )

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 54
Mannix, D. (2009). Life skills activities for secondary students with special needs. John Wiley &
Sons.
Pearson, D., Kennedy, F. C., Bhat, S., Talreja, V., & Newman-Taylor, K. (2021). Thriving in
adversity: Do brief milieu interventions work for young adults in the developing world? A
pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Social Behavior and Personality: an international
journal, 49(9), 1-8.
Pearson, D., Kennedy, F. C., Talreja, V., Bhat, S., & Newman-Taylor, K. (2021). Thriving in
adversity: Do life skills programs work for developing world children? A pragmatic
randomized controlled trial. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 49(9),
1-13.
Pearson, D., Kennedy, F., Talreja, V., Bhat, S., & Newman-Taylor, K. (2020). The Life Skills
Assessment Scale: Norms for young people aged 17–19 and 20–22 years. Social Behavior
and Personality: an international journal, 48(4), 1-15.
Ramaswamy, B., Pushpa, R. S., & Gururaj, M. B. (2018). Skill Development In India (Prabhat
Prakashan): Sone ka Nevla: A Treasure Trove of Stories by Sudha Murty. Prabhat Prakashan.
Rani, K. N., Mohanraj, J., Indira, B., & Lakshmi, B. S. (2012). Step by Step: Learning Language
and Life Skills. Pearson Education India.
Singhal N. (2022). Independence in Self-Care Routines: A Curriculum for Professionals and Parents
of Children with Autism and Developmental Conditions. Developed with support from DST,
GOI.
Subasree, R., Nair, A. R., & Ranjan, R. (2014). The Life Skills Assessment Scale: the construction
and validation of a new comprehensive scale for measuring Life Skills. IOSR Journal of
Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 19(1), 50-58. [Link]
skills-assessment-scale/
Zins, J. E. (Ed.). (2004). Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does
the research say?. Teachers College Press.

Web References:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
⁠ [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 55
 Supportive Skills for the Education of Children with Disabilities
Course Code: B5 Credits: 2 Hours: 60

Introduction: This course is designed to assist the learners in developing the basic skills required
for communication and undertaking educational practices for students with disabilities. It is
introduced as a core course so that the learners are equipped with information, fundamentals and
essential accommodations for students with different disabilities who have varied learning and
communication needs.

Objectives: After completing the course the learner will be able to:
 Create a welcoming, safe and a barrier free learning environment for students with
disabilities
 Communicate with students using ISL, Tactile signs, speech reading techniques or AAC
methods
 Exhibit readiness for use of basics of Braille script and mobility orientation
 Use technology for facilitating learning
 Describe the basic assistance required for children for overcoming literacy and numeracy
issues and functional skills

Unit 1: Welcoming and safe school environment

1.1 Creating positive school climate, inclusive school policy, use of auditory, visual and
tactile signage and icons
1.2 Safe corridors, classrooms, windows with grills and student friendly spaces including
toilets and drinking water
1.3 Teaching and non-teaching staff displaying positive attitude and using inclusive
respectable language
1.4 Creating buddy systems, prevention of bullying, POCSO committee and redressal
cell
1.5 The power of embracing mistakes, rectifying and learning from failures

Unit 2: Basics of ISL, Tactile signs & Speech reading for students with HI or deafblindness or
other disabilities
2.1 Finger spelling and signing basic vocabulary of names, numbers, colours, days,
months and question forms
2.2 Signing class essentials such as home work, attendance, transport, family members,
school subjects and school activities
2.3 Signing essential communications for curricular and cross curricular activities
2.4 Manual alphabets for tactile signs; hand shapes, positions and movement of hands
2.5 Speech/lip reading skills and oral transliteration for educational settings

Unit 3: Basics of Braille and mobility orientation for Low vision or VI

3.1 Pre-Braille skills for the development of tactile sense
3.2 Introduction to Braille alphabets in English, Hindi and Braille of regional languages.
Numerals, numbers and signs and symbols of basic operation in Braille

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 56
 3.3 Colour contrasts and large print for low vision. Use of tactile shapes for denoting
various objects for school environment.
3.4 Orientation and mobility instructions and pre cane skills and protective techniques
3.5 Use of Multimedia books, screen readers and magnifiers.

Unit 4: Adapted communication aids and AAC Methods for students with CP and ASD
4.1 Communication cards, & displays, gupshup books, text to speech and speech to text
4.2 Use of adapted reading and writing instruments and appropriate positioning for
students with CP
4.3 Use of structured, visual strategies, for creating sensory friendly and predictable
environment for ASD
4.4 Using interests and motivation, self-stimulatory behavior and echolalia to promote
learning
4.5 Using AACs to foster communication and learning in students with CP and ASD

Unit 5: Supporting academic learning for students with ID and SLD

5.1 Support in academics – Literacy and numeracy skills for students with SLD and ID.
Use of prior knowledge, colour coding, chunking, graphic organizers and
collaborative reading groups for reading
5.2 Use of tablets, laptops, calculators for numeracy. Multimedia books for reading,
sketching, pointing and use of transparency and fading strategy for writing and
numeracy
5.3 Functional academics for specific students with ID who have difficulty in learning
academics: Use of suitable learning and functional aids. Breaking learning tasks into
small steps,
5.4 Self-help skills - adaptations in the gadgets used to suit the need of the students.
5.5 Adaptations of tools and instruments, for safety of students with ID in work stations.
Transaction
Lectures and readings for Unit 1. Demonstration and hands on training for all supportive
skills for Units 2, 3, 4 and 5
Course work/Practical/Field Engagement
 Visit and inclusive school and prepare a report on school climate, ethos and culture
 Observation records of supportive skills as videos, photographs with permission
 Developing a portfolio based on supportive skills
Recommended readings
 Advances in Information Communication Technology and Computing: Proceedings of
AICTC 2022. (2023). Germany: Springer Nature Singapore.
 Aggarwal, K. (2002). Handbook for parents of children with Disabilities. Planning
Commission. Govt. of India.
 Asmita. H. (2006).Language and Communication. Kanishka Publication, New Delhi.
 Bouck, E. C. (2015). Assistive Technology. United States: SAGE Publications.
 Children with Visual Impairments: A Parents' Guide. (2006). United States: Woodbine
House.
 Creating Inclusion and Well-being for Marginalized Students
 Dash, M. (2000). Education in India: Problems and Perspectives. India: Atlantic Publishers
and Distributors.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 57
 Dickinson, C., Hernandez Trillo, A., Crossland, M. (2022). Low Vision - E-Book: Principles
and Management. Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences.
 Dr. Premananda Mishra, K Srinivas Reddy, Dr. K. Sridevi (2021). Introduction to
Disabilities. Neelkamal Publishers, Hyd
 Dr. Sr. Alice Mathew. Learning Disabilities and Remediation, Neelkamal Publications, Hyd
 Elaine Sutherland, Lesley-Anne Barnes Macfarlane (Eds) (2016) Implementing Article 3 of
the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, Best Interests, Welfare and Well-
being. Cambridge University Press
 Foundations of Vision Rehabilitation Therapy. (2020). United States: APH Press, American
Printing House for the Blind.
 Gargiulo, R. M., Kilgo, J. L. (2018). An Introduction to Young Children With Special
Needs: Birth Through Age Eight. United States: SAGE Publications.
 Garry Hornby James M. Kauffman (eds) (2021). Special and Inclusive Education:
Perspectives, Challenges and Prospects. MDPI, Switzerland
 Gordon-Gould, P. & Hornby, G. (2023). Inclusive education at the crossroads: Exploring
special needs provision in global contexts. Routledge.
 Hamblin, T. & Bose, S. (2003). Cognitive Development, IICP, Kolkata
 Hamblin, T. & Bose, S. (2003). Motor Development, IICP, Kolkata
 Hamblin, T. & Bose, S. (2003). Play, IICP, Kolkata
 Hornby, G. & Greaves, D. (2022). Essential evidence-based teaching strategies: Ensuring
optimal academic achievement for students. New York: Springer.
 Indian Sign Language Class I. (2021). (n.p.): Haryana Welfare Society for Persons with
Speech and Hearing Impairment.
 Judy Sebba, Richard Byers, Richard Rose (1993). Redefining the Whole Curriculum for
Pupils with Learning Difficulties Paperback. David Fulton publishers.
 Linda Goldman (2017). Whole-School Approaches to Supporting Children's Grief, Loss,
and Trauma. Jessica Kingsley Publishers
 M. V. Manoj Kumar (ed)(2023). Computer Assistive Technologies for Physically and
Cognitively Challenged Users. Bentham Science Publishers
 NIMH (2003 ) Educating children with learning problems inn primary schools.
Secunderabad: NIMH
 Organization, W. H. (2010). Community-based Rehabilitation: CBR
Guidelines. Philippines: World Health Organization.
 Paul, R., Norbury, C. (2012). Language Disorders from Infancy through Adolescence - E-
Book. United Kingdom: Elsevier Health Sciences.
 Richard Byers, Richard Rose (2005). Planning the Curriculum for Pupils with Special
Educational Needs A Practical Guide. David Fulton Publishers
 Richard Rose (2005). Becoming a Primary Higher Level Teaching Assistant (Higher Level
Teaching Assistants Series). First edition, learning matters.
 Sense International India (2017). Handbook on Deafblindness. Ahmedabad India
 Shantanu Dey (2021). Handbook of E-Pedagogy. Clever Fox Publishing, Chennai
 Sibnath Deb (2018). An Empirical Investigation Into Child Abuse and Neglect in India-
Burden, Impact and Protective Measures. Springer Nature, Singapore
 Tomkins, W. (2012). Indian Sign Language. United States: Dover Publications.
 Warrick, A. & Kaul, S. (2002). Everyone is Talking: Making Communication Displays,
IICP, Kolkata

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 58
  Warrick, A. & Kaul, S. (2002). Everyone is Talking: Using Communication Displays, IICP,
Kolkata
Web based reading
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]
.pdf
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
persons_living_with_deafblindness_EN.pdf
 [Link]
 [Link]
Numeracy_Conversations_Across_the_Fields
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 59
 Guidance and Counseling

Course Code: B 6(A) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:

Guidance and counselling are vital in helping children and their families to cope with stress and to
find the right way to plan their programmes in education, vocation and daily living activities. This
course will empower the learners of this course to understand guidance and counselling, the types
and context of counselling and apply the counselling and guidance skills to help students and their
families.

Objectives

After completing this course the learners will be able to

 Describe the concept and meaning of Counseling and Guidance.

 Apply the skills of guidance and counseling in classroom situations and with families
of the students.
 Describe the process of development of self-image and self-esteem.
 Discuss the types of counseling and guidance in special school and inclusive settings.
 Narrate the importance and scope of family counseling
Unit 1: Introduction to Guidance and Counseling

1.1. Guidance and Counseling: Definition and Aims

1.2. Areas of Guidance and Counseling
1.3. Core conditions in counseling
1.4. Skills and competencies of a Counselor
1.5. Role of the teacher in guiding and counseling students with special educational needs.
Unit 2: Applying Guidance and Counseling skills

2.1. Differentiating counseling and guidance

2.2. Ethics in counseling – e.g. Confidentiality, anonymity, respect, empathy

2.3. Counselor as a good listener

2.4. Guiding the students and their families on specific issues e.g, family issues, concerns on
academic performance, special educational needs

2.5. Counseling on specific issues e.g. Career counseling, family issues that emotionally
affect the students such as separation/death of dear ones, other traumatic conditions

Unit 3: Enhancing Self Image and Self Esteem

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 60
 [Link] of Self as a human being.
[Link] emotions, feelings and changes
[Link] to autonomy
[Link] development – role of the counselor
[Link] of teacher in developing in children, self-esteem and respecting feelings of others
Unit 4: Guidance and Counseling in Inclusive Education

[Link] status with reference to Indian schools

[Link] of Counseling: non directional, Child-centered, supportive, family members
[Link] in Formal and Informal situations: Within and outside classroom,
vocational guidance
[Link] guidance: Group leadership styles and group processes
[Link] in group guidance
Unit 5: Family counseling of students with special educational needs

5.1. Importance of establishing rapport with the family members.

5.2. Addressing family as a unit with focus on the student with special educational need.

5.3. Counseling siblings and other extended family members

5.4. Connecting home and school – collaboration with school teachers and family

5.5. Record maintenance of guidance and counseling interventions.

Transaction

The transaction for this course should be done with a perspective to enhance in the learners
the ability to become a “People-helper”. They should be able to appreciate the role of a
guide and counsellor in the school setting. Lecture discussions, role play and case
discussions should be adopted to facilitate understanding among the learners.

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

I. Counselling and report writing on a selected client/family

II. Conduct of a simulated parent counselling session

III. Review documents on vocational guidance and write an essay.

Recommended Readings

 Naik, P.S. (2013). Counselling Skills for Educationists. New Delhi: Soujanya Books.
 Nayak, A.K. (1997). Guidance and Counselling. New Delhi: APH Publishing.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 61
 Rao, V. K., & Reddy, R.S. (2003). Academic Environment: Advice, Counsel and
Activities. New Delhi: Soujanya Books.
 Shah, A. (2008). Basics in Guidance and Counselling. New Delhi: Global Vision
Publishing House.
 Sharma, V.K. (2022). Administration and Training of Educational and Vocational
Guidance. New Delhi: Soujanya Books.
 Mehrotra, N (2016). A resource book on disability studies in India,
[Link]
TUDIES%20IN%[Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 62
 POSITIVE BEHAVIOUR SUPPORTS

Course Code: B6 (B) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:
Positive Behaviour Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is the current trend in helping students to
learn and exhibit the appropriate behaviour contextually. The PBIS strategies are not just directed
towards students with disabilities but planned in such a way that all students in the school benefit
from it. If planned and implemented in the right manner, PBIS is one of the best ways to help
students in special as well as inclusive educational settings. The techniques involve the students in
planning the behavioural expectations and the consequences if not followed thus making the whole
process a participatory technique. This unit will elaborate on the planning and implementation of
PBIS in schools.

Objectives:

After undertaking the course the learners will be able to

 Explain the concept and historical perspectives of behaviour

 Narrate the need for implementing schoolwide positive behavioural strategies
 Plan positive behavioural intervention and support (PBIS) for the class
 Demonstrate competency in implementing the three-tier system of PBIS
 Illustrate the role of teachers and other stakeholders in implementing schoolwide PBIS

Unit 1: Understanding Behaviour

1.1 Behaviour – Historic perspective, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and other
methods used in promoting appropriate behaviour
1.2 Understanding behaviours – Definition, features, topography and functions of behaviour
1.3 Understanding the communicative and non-communicative functions of behaviours
1.4 Role of internal factors (pain, hormones, sleep, physical and mental health and medication)
1.5 Role of external factors (unpredictability, lack of clarity, sudden changes)

Unit 2: Positive Behavioural Intervention and Support

2.1 Concept and focus: Promoting academic success and facilitating positive behaviour
2.2 Basic elements of the practice of PBIS: expected outcome, evidence-based practices,
collection of data
2.3 Basis of PBIS: Fostering safe and positive relationships, fair and predictable consequences,
and review of environmental modifications
2.4 Extent of support based on the nature of the behaviour being addressed
2.5 Overall classroom environment and management

Unit 3: Implementing PBIS

3.1 The three-tier system of implementing PBIS – Tier 1 Primary Prevention, Tier 2 Secondary
Prevention and Intervention, Tier 3 Tertiary Prevention and Intervention
3.2 Involvement of students in planning and implementing
3.3 Developing PBIS matrix
3.4 Monitoring implementation
3.5 Points to consider for successful implementation of PBIS

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 63
Unit 4: Positive Strategies for Behaviour Support
4.1 Proactive, active and reactive strategies
4.2 Using interests, structure and visual strategies to promote positive behaviours
4.3 Providing choices, agency and control
4.4 Focus on emotional regulation
4.5 Limitations and negative impact of the use of aversive techniques and punishment procedures

Unit 5: Promoting Positive Support

5.1. Functional Analysis of Behaviour and Intervention
5.2. Differentiating between shutdowns, meltdowns and tantrums
5.3. Understanding focused interests and motivations
5.4. Importance and benefits of self-stimulatory behaviours
5.5. Understanding sensory processing

Transaction

The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Observe an individual, identify behaviours that interfere with learning and carry out a
functional analysis.
 Critically review the behaviours that interfere with the learning of persons with disabilities
and provide their perspective of why might that behaviour be important for them.
 Prepare a matrix for a class of your choice to exercise Tier 1.
 Develop an individualised plan for different settings: educational, home, public places

Recommended Readings

Bradshaw, C. P., Reinke, W. M., Brown, L. D., Bevans, K. B., & Leaf, P.J. (2008). Implementation
of school-wide positive behavioural interventions and supports (PBIS) in elementary schools:
Observations from a randomized trial. Education and Treatment Children, 31(1), 1– 26.
[Link]
Dunsmoor, J.E., Murphy, G.L. (2015). Categories, concepts, and conditioning: how humans
generalize fear. Trends Cognitive Science ;19(2):73-7. doi:10.1016/[Link].2014.12.003
Polloway, E.A., Patton, R.P, and Serna, L., (2008). Strategies forteaching learners with special
needs. Ohio: Pearson
Timothy and William, J (2019) Applied behavioural analysis. Boston: Pearson Publishers.
What is School-Wide Positive Behavioural Intervention and Supports? (2010). Positive

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 64
 Behavioural Intervention and Supports. [Link]
Whitman, M.A. (1975) Behaviour Modification: Introduction and Implications , 24 DePaul L. Rev.
949 Available at: [Link]

Websites
- [Link]
- [Link]
- [Link]
- Culturally responsive practices and PBIS. Annotated bibliography.
[Link]
- [Link]
Webinar/1990_JASH_Toward_Nonaversive.pdf
- [Link]
[Link]
- [Link]
[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 65
 Early Childhood Care and Education

Course Code: B 6 (C) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
The course is designed to provide the learners with an insight into importance of
early childhood period especially the critical period of growth and development.
Knowledge about the Domains of development and important milestones of typical
children in this course will help in identifying delays, at risk children and refer them
for assessments. The identified young children with disabilities could be supported
through interventional play based activities in an ECCE program. So, the overall
aim of the course is to facilitate inclusion ECCE practices right from the start.

Objectives
After undertaking the course the student-teachers will be able to
 Explain the various domains of development.
 Describe ways to identify at risk children and use screening tools
 Describe the provisions and requirements for ECCE
 Enumerate the inclusive early education pedagogical practices.
 Describe the requirements for school readiness and transitioning

Unit 1: The Early Years: An Overview

1.1 Growth and development – Factors affecting growth and development, Principles of
development, ages and stages of development
1.2 Critical period of development and Neural Plasticity
1.3 Sensitive Periods of Learning: Maria Montessori’s Framework & Windows of
opportunity for learning
1.4 Domains of development: 1) Physical, motor & health 2) Communication and
language, 3) Cognition, 4) Socio-emotional and 5) Approaches to learning
1.5 Significant milestones under each domain and red flags

Unit2: Early Childhood Education & Intervention

2.1 Young children at risk as a result of physical and environmental factors and those resulting
from individual and family circumstances.
2.2 Developmental checklists for screening & referrals
2.3 Developmental Systems Model for Early Intervention
2.4 Cross disability approach for early intervention
2.5 Play as a tool for screening children

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 66
Unit 3: Requirements and provisions for Inclusive ECE

3.1 Service Delivery systems for ECCE and EI : ICDS under Ministry of Women &
Child development, DECIC under MoH and CDEIC under DEPwD of MSJ&E
3.2 The ecosystem model for inclusive ECCE: Provisions at individual (child and family
outcomes) micro system (Peer and teacher interactions), meso system (curriculum
and professional team approach), exosytem (community participation), and macro-
level (national policy provisions).
3.3 National and Global provisions: UNCRC (1989) & Protocols, The commission for
protection of child rights (2005), Prohibition of child marriage Act (2006), POCSO
(2012), Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act (2015), Child labour
(Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act (2016) NEP 2020 provisions for
ECCE
3.4 Setting up of Inclusive ECCE: Infrastructural requirements, curriculum and
collaborative practices
3.5 Importance of Natural Environments and role of family in developing
Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)

Unit 4 Inclusive Pedagogical practices

4.1 Integrating Theories of Development into pedagogical practices

4.2 Types and Stages of play – Symbolic play and its importance for the children with
Disabilities
4.3 UDL based activities in ECCE
4.4 Developing Creativity, critical thinking, language, communication, Literacy,
Numeracy through Activity Based Learning
4.5 Developing musical, aesthetic, scientific & cultural Skills in young children

Unit 5 School Readiness and Transitions

5.1 Children’s readiness for school and school readiness for children
5.2 Indicators of school readiness
5.3 NIPUN Bharat’s Goals and competencies for school readiness
5.4 Transitioning from Home to inclusive ECCE
5.5 Transitioning from inclusive ECCE to inclusive schools

Practical/ Field Engagements

 Developing a journal on developmental milestones & learning timelines of
children from 0 to 8 years
 Participation in workshop & develop five creative teaching learning materials
for children in inclusive early childhood education programs
 Develop and IFSP and a Transition plan

Transactions

Visits, Observations & Workshops.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 67
Suggested Readings
 Barbour, N., & Seefeldt, C. (1998). Early Childhood Education. An
Introduction (4th Ed). U.K: Prentice Hall.
 Broman, B. C. (1978). The Early Years in Childhood Education. Chicago:
Rand McNally College Publishing Company.
 Catron, C.E., & Allen, J. (1993). Early Childhood Curriculum. New York:
MacMillan Publishing Company.
 Costello, P.M. (2000). Thinking Skills & Early Childhood Education. London:
DavidFulton Publishers.
 Dahlberg, G., Moss, P. & Pence, A. (2007). Beyond Quality in Early Childhood
Care and Education. (2nd Ed.). New York: Routledge Publication.
 Desparabhu, S. (2019). Early Childhood Special Education – An Introduction.
Kanishka Publishers, Distributors. New Delhi
 Dunn, S.G., & Dunn, K. (1992). Teaching Elementary students through their
individual learning styles: Practical approaches for grades 3-6. Massachusetts:
Allyn & Bacon.
 Cross Framework for Cross Disability Early Intervention & School Readiness
PEHAL (Birth to 3 years) NIPUN Inclusive (3 to 6 years) RCI DEPwD of
MSJE [Link]
 Guralnick, M.J. (2005). The Developmental Systems Approach to Early
Intervention: Brookes Publication.
 Klausmeir, H. J., & Sipple, T.S. (1980). Learning & Teaching Concepts. A
strategy fortesting applications of theory. New York: Academic Press.
 Mohanty, J., & Mohanty, B. (1999). Early Childhood Care and Education.
Delhi: Offset Printers.
 Mohite, P. & Prochner, L. (2008). Early Childhood Care and Education.
Concept publishing Company. New Delhi.
 NCFFS (2022) National Curricular for Foundational Stage, NCERT, DOSEL,
MoE New Delhi
 Sen Gupta, M. (2009). Early Childhood Care and Education. PHI Learning
Private Limited. New Delhi.
 Venkatacharya, P., Reddy, K. S. & Shridevi, k. (2018). Early Childhood Care
and Education. Neelkamal Publications Private Limited. New Delhi.

Web references
 [Link]
 [Link]
0%282%29_1.pdf
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
_in_india.pdf

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 68
 Community-Based Rehabilitation

Course Code: B6 (D) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:
The course is designed to help the learners understand the importance of Community Based
Rehabilitation, and its impact on the lives of persons with other disabilities. The course will also
facilitate the learning about mobilising the resources from the community and its utilisation for the
benefit of persons with disabilities and their families. The course content provides inputs about role
of OPDs, siblings’ groups, SHGs and will help to gain knowledge about participatory approach in
CBR.

Objectives
After completing this course the learners will be able to
• Explain the concept, principles and scope of community-based rehabilitation.
• Learn the strategies for promoting public participation in CBR.
• Apply suitable methods for preparing persons with disability for rehabilitation within
 the community.
• Provide need-based training to persons with disabilities.
• Develop an understanding of the role of government and global agencies in CBR.
 Develop an understanding of the roles played by OPD members and siblings

Unit 1: Introduction to Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)

1.1 Concept and Definition of CBR
1.2 Principles of CBR
1.3 Difference between CBR and Institutional Living
1.4 Socio-cultural and Economic Contexts of CBR
1.5 Scope and Inclusion of CBR in Government Policies and Programs

Unit 2: Preparing Community for CBR

2.1 Awareness Program-Types and Methods
2.2 Advocacy - Citizen and Self
2.3 Focus Group Discussion
2.4 Family Counselling and Family Support Groups
2.5 CBR and Corporate Social Responsibility

Unit 3: Preparing Persons with Disability for CBR

3.1 School Education: Person-Centred Planning, and Peer Group Support
3.2 Transition: Individual Transition Plan, Development of Self Determination and Self
Management Skills
3.3 Community Related Vocational Training
3.4 Skill Training for Living within Community
3.5 Community Based Employment and Higher Education

Unit 4: Inclusive Community Development

4.1 Community, Disability and Development
4.2 Mapping of resources in the community
4.3 Advocacy and collaboration with government departments
4.4 Identifying needs of families and developing IFSP

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 69
4.5 Disability and poverty

Unit 5: Mobilising Community for inclusion of persons with disabilities

5.1 Promoting OPD and their roles in CBR
5.2 Promoting Sibling Groups
5.3 Inclusion of PwDs in SHG
5.4 Inclusion of PwDs in Panchayat-Raj
5.5 Participatory approach of CBR

Transaction
Besides the lecture method the topics in this course may be transacted through discussion on
selected case studies, classroom seminar/debates and visit to community to interact with OPDs and
SHGs.

Course work / Field Engagement

 Visit an ongoing CBR program and write a report on its efficacy
 Organize a community awareness program
 Conduct a focus group discussion on a selected disability issue with school/college
 students

Recommended readings

• Loveday, M. (2006). The HELP Guide for Community Based Rehabilitation Workers:
A Training Manual. Global-HELP Publications, California.
• McConkey, R. and O’Tool, B (Eds). Innovations in Developing Countries for People
with Disabilities, P.H. Brookes, Baltimore.
• Neufelt, A. and Albright, A (1998). Disability and Self-Directed Employment:
Business Development Model. Campus Press Inc. York University.
• Peat, M. (1997). Community Based Rehabilitation, W.B. Saunders Company.
• Scheme of Assistance to Disabled for Purposes of Fitting of Aids/Appliances (2014).
Ministry of Social Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
• Scheme of Assistance to Organizations for Disabled Persons, Ministry of Social
Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
• WHO .(1982). Community Based Rehabilitation — Report of a WHO International
Consultation, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 28 June- 3 July. WHO (RHB/IR/82.1)
• WHO .(1984). "Rehabilitation For AIl" in World Health Magazine, WHO, Geneva.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 70
 Application of ICT in Education

Course Code: B6 (E) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Course Description
This course has a dual purpose: firstly, it aims to orient the teacher trainee to various applications of
Information and Communication Technology in teaching learning process; and secondly it intends
to orient the learners to understand the scope and application of ICT for students with disabilities.
The course includes uses of all kinds of media and computer in order to give hands on experience of
applying ICT in various learning environments as well to familiarize the student teacher with
different modes of computer-based learning.

Learning Outcomes

After completing the course, the learners will be able to

 Gauge the varying dimensions in respect of ICT and Applications in Special Education.
 Delineate the special roles of ICT Applications.
 Acquire Familiarity with Different Modes of Computer-Based Learning.
 Describe the application of ICT in Inclusive setups
 Explain the policy provisions for ICT

Unit 1: Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Special Education

1.1 Meaning, Definitions and Importance of ICT
1.2 Scope of ICT in Teaching Learning Process, Assessment, Administration and Research
1.3 Role of ICT in 'Construction of Knowledge' (Constructivism & ICT)
1.4 Integrating ICT in Special Education and its Application
1.4 Challenges of ICT in Education

Unit 2: ICT, Computer and Communications

2.1 Communicative Skills & ICT (Supporting Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing for
different groups)
2.2 Mass Communication Media: Radio, Television, Newspaper, Magazines, Internet based
Social Media
2.3 Computers: Functional Knowledge, Using Word Processing, Spreadsheet and Presentation
Software
2.4 Computer as a Learning Tool: Effective Browsing; Cross Collating Knowledge from Varied
Sources
2.5 Communication with Stakeholders & Use of ICT

Unit 3: Visualising Technology-Supported Learning Situations

3.1 Preparation of Learning Schemes and Planning Interactive Use of ICT
3.2 Developing PPT Slide Show for Classroom
3.3 Organising virtual classroom and virtual meetings

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 71
 3.4 Organizing Teleconferencing and Video-Conferencing
3.5 Assessment Strategies and Scope of ICT

Unit 4: ICT Ecosystem for Inclusive Education

4.1 Creating ICT Ecosystem in the school for inclusive education– hardware, software –
4.2 Use of OERs; Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
4.3 Assistive Technologies and ICT for planning and classroom management
4.4 MOOCs, e groups, e-forums, etc (National level Initiatives)
4.5 E-Classroom: Concept, and Required Adaptations for Students with Disabilities

Unit 5: Policy, Legal & Ethical Concerns

5.1 Security Threats and Measures; Cyber privacy and Netiquette
5.2 National Level initiatives for promotion of E-learning
5.3 Ethical Practices; Cyber laws and Child Safety
5.4 International and National Policy concerns on Use of ICT in education
5.5 Overview of WCAG (Web Content Access Guidelines)

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement (any Two of the following)

I. Develop a script on any topic of your choice. Conduct an interview with an expert on the
selected topic to prepare an audio or video program of 15 minutes duration
II. Prepare a PPT by inserting photos and videos on a topic of your choice
III. Create your email account as well as design a blog
IV. Enrol and complete MOOC courses in Swayam Portal
V. Analyse OERs on National Platform, write the features and characteristics of these OERs

Suggested Reading
 Kozma, R.B. (2003). Technology, Innovation, and Educational Change: A Global
Perspective: A Report of the Second Information Technology in Education Study, Module 2.
International Society for Technology in Education.
 Abbot, C. (2001). ICT: Changing Education. Routledge Falmer.
 Florian, L., & Hegarty J. (2004). ICT and Special Educational Needs: A Tool for Inclusion.
Open University Press, Maidenhead.
 CEMCA (2016). Resource Book on ICT Integrated Teacher Education. The Commonwealth
Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA).
 UNESCO (2023). UNESCO's ICT Competency Framework for Teachers

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 72
 Disability, SEDGs, and Gender

Course Code: B 6 (F) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
This course will prepare learners to develop an understanding about the intersectionality of
disability with Gender and other Socio Economic disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs). The
purpose is to inculcate the human oneness and valuing and respecting persons with disabilities
regardless of their socio-cultural identities, gender, geographical conditions and socio-
economic backgrounds. This course is also aimed at creating awareness among the learners
about the legal provisions for empowerment of persons with disabilities belonging to different
socio-economically disadvantaged groups (SEDGs). The expected long term benefit is to
develop knowledge, skills and attitude among learners about the sensitivity and vital points of
considerations while planning and executing learning activities for students with disabilities
belonging to diverse SEDGs.

Objectives

After completion of this course the student-teachers will be able to

 Develop an understanding of human rights based approach in context of disability, human
values and co-existence of disability among socio-economically disadvantaged groups.
 Explain the socio-demographic perspectives of gender and disabilities, compounding
impact of gender and disability, legal safeguard for girls and transgender and gendered
experiences of students with disabilities.
 Describe the socio-cultural and educational issues and concerns of students with
disabilities belonging to Socio-cultural groups (ST, SC, OBC and Minorities),
educational programmes and role of a teacher.
 Illustrate the challenges in education of students residing in difficult and aversive geographical
terrains, educational initiative and role of a teacher
 Enlist the challenges faced by children with disabilities in difficult circumstances, analyse the
disadvantageous impact on the CwDs and plan out the educational intervention
programmes for them.

Unit 1: Human Rights, human values and disability

1.1 Human rights-based approach: Concept, history and advantages
1.2 Principles of human rights-based approach- Equality and non-discrimination, universality &
inalienability, participation and inclusion, interdependence and interrelatedness,
accountability and rule of law
1.3 Instruments of human rights system- Legal frameworks, policies & programmes, resources
and supports, public awareness-information, education and communication (IEC),
establishments, networking and collaborations with different societal spheres
1.4 Human values and disability- Social existence of disability, human diversity and rights,
empowerment, enforceability, indivisibility, participation, legal and social protection, safety
and security, and advocacy
1.5 Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Groups (SEDGs) and human empowerment– SEDGs-
social and legal identities, their socio-economic conditions, empowerment provisions for their

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 73
 health care, education, employment, legal protection and justice, accessible public spaces and
services, social inclusion and community participation.

Unit 2: Gender Identity and disability

2.1 Gender and socialization practices - gender and sex, stigma and discrimination,
gender roles and responsibilities, socialization of boys, girls and transgender in family
and society.
2.2 Disability and socialization practices- gendered disability, stigma and discrimination,
violence, individuals with disability and their roles and responsibilities, socialization
of boys, girls and transgender with disability in family and society.
2.3 Legal safe guards for girls and transgender with and without disability- Constitutional
provisions, PWDV Act 2005, POCSO-2012, JJ Act 2015, RTE (amendment) Act 2012
and, RPwD Act 2016, Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, The Criminal
Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 & 2018
2.4 Gendered experience of students with disability- Residential and non-residential schools,
classrooms and beyond, curriculum, learning activities, textbooks, assessment,
equity and social role valorization, implications for teaching and learning in different
learning centres.
2.5 Educational initiatives and teachers’ role: Policy, schemes and programmes, gender inclusion
fund, measures for empowerment of girls, women and transgender with disability on
enhancing quality of their socio-economic conditions, education, health (including sexual,
reproductive and mental health), employment, life-style.

Unit 3: Disability and Socio-cultural groups

3.1 Socio-Cultural Groups- Constitutional and social identities, educational and social
rights, policy and programmes for scheduled tribes, scheduled castes, other backward
classes, linguistic and religious minority groups.
3.2 Socio-educational issues and concerns- marginalization, discrimination and social
exclusion, harassment, poverty, social mores & customs, language, inaccessibility to quality
schools.
3.3 Gendered disability among socio-cultural groups- multiple and compound impacts of
disability and disadvanatgedness, lack of resources and supports, underrepresentation in
schools.
3.4 Educational initiatives: Identification of untapped talents among SEDGs, inclusion fund, up
gradation and strengthening of schooling system, academic activities under tribal sub-plan
and scheduled caste sub plan, relaxations and reservation schemes, scholarships and other
incentive schemes.
3.5 Teachers’ role in promoting equality and inclusion- respect and acceptance of socio-cultural
conditions, contextualization of curriculum, multilingual pedagogical approach, skills of
multi-grade teaching, identification of socio-cultural milieu and other resources, use of socio-
cultural capital of learners in teaching and learning.

Unit 4: Disability and Geographical conditions

4.1 Geography and disparity in education - inter and intra states disparity, poverty, specific
issues of coastal areas, hilly areas, dessert, natural disasters prone areas, developmental
projects area, international boundaries area.
4.2 Geographical conditions and disability- issues related to different geographical terrains,
access to education, access to rehabilitation services, infrastructural conditions, language
and culture, availability and accessibility of resources, services, information, communication

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 74
 and transport.
4.3 Educational initiatives in difficult terrains: Government schemes and programmes,
intervention in aspirational districts, PM- New15 point programmes, Special Education
Zones, Special Education Zones, residential schooling, alternative forms of schooling,
scholarships and other incentive schemes.
4.4 Local governance and collaboration: understanding the local governance, resource
identification and resource mobilization, collaboration with local organizations and
community.
4.5 Teachers’ role in promoting equality and inclusion- understanding the geographical
conditions and learning needs of children, adjustment of learning spaces, adaptation and
accommodation in scheduling of learning activities and timings, adaptation in curriculum,
teaching-learning, assessment, harnessing technology.

Unit 5: Disability, Socio-economic and other disadvantaged conditions

5.1 Disability and poverty: Occurrence of disability, discrimination and vulnerability, other
interacting factors like family interaction, child rearing, nutrition, social and physical well-
being, employment.
5.2 Disability in migrant community, refugees, construction workers- CwDs in migrating
families, ambiguous sense of belongingness, lack of housing and inaccessible living
arrangements, experiences of simultaneous discrimination, health and social relations, sense
of helplessness.
5.3 Children with disability in chronic distress and at risk conditions- CwDs of chronically ill
parent(s), sex-workers, single parents, prisoners, CwDs in juvenile/observation homes,
CwDs engaged in substance abused, CwDs living in vulnerable situations, orphans with
disabilities, child beggars, destitute CwDs, victims with disabilities of or CwDs of victims of
trafficking, victims with disabilities of disasters, social conflicts, war and other human
actions.
5.4 Educational initiatives: Policy, schemes and programmes, short-term mitigating
interventions and long term sustainable interventions, educational opportunities in mobile
schools, schools on wheel/tents, porta-cabin schools, learning in shelter homes, services of
counselors, social workers and volunteers as in NEP 2020.
5.5 Teachers’ role in promoting equality and inclusion- learning opportunities in difficult
situations, curricula alignment, designing of portable learning aids, package programming and
digital education, developing information and community support mechanism, working with
family in distress, identifying and use of strengths within at risk community, resourcefulness
and service provision in crisis situation, inter and intra linkages in community and bridging
the gap between the school and community.

Transaction
This course has been designed to provide the student teachers a socio-cultural
perspective to disability. It aims to promote awareness about the space for disability
equity and rehabilitation within the human rights system. As such the transaction of the
course topics should be done through focus group discussions, issue-based classroom
interactions in addition to lectures and seminars. Field-visits, cross-sectional survey,
case studies, assignments and projects should be added to strengthen the transactional
process and learning.

Course work/Practicum/Field Engagement

 Design activity- log to establish a Gender Justice Club or Disability Support Circle in

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 75
 school.
 Study the case of a woman with disability and submit a report.
 Explore internet and document case-studies of transgender with disability
 Review selected paper/s authored by women with disability
 Conduct a gender analysis of a selected disability Act/policy
 Interact with children and families of socio-cultural groups, identify the challenges of
education and prepare a plan of action.
 Visit to observation homes/shelter homes/homes of construction workers, migrant families in
your locality, interact with CwDs and families at risk and prepare a package programme for
her/his holistic development.

Recommended Readings
 Alber, B. and Hurst, R. (2004). Disability and a human rights approach to development.
Disability Knowledge and Research. (available at [Link])
 DGS (2021). Inclusion of Transgender Children in School Education: Concerns and
Roadmap. Department of Gender Studies, National Council of Educational Research and
Training, New Delhi.
 DoSEL (2020). National Education Policy-2020. Department of School Education and
Literacy. Ministry of Human Resource Development (Now Ministry of Education), New
Delhi.
 Ghosh, M. (2015). Disability and women: A Note on theTribal Aboriginals in Darjeeling
Hills. International Journal of Scientific Research, 4(4), doi:10.36106/ijsr
 Gobinda C. Pal (2010). Dalits with Disabilities: The Neglected Dimension of Social
Exclusion. Working Paper Series Indian Institute of Dalit Studies New Delhi
 Habib, L. A. (1997). Gender and Disability: Women's Experiences in the Middle East.
Oxfam, UK.
 Hans, A. (2015). Disability, Gender and the Trajectories of Power. Sage Publications Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi.
 Meekosha, H. (2004). Gender and Disability. Sage Encyclopaedia of Disability.
 NCERT (2006). Position Paper-National Focus Group on Gender Issues in Education.
National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2013). Training Material for Teacher Educators on Gender Equality and
Empowerment. National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2017). Minority Education- Policies, Programmes and Schemes-Frequently Asked
Questions. National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2017). Modules for Enhancement of Quality Education-Issues, Challenges and
Concerns of Scheduled Castes (A Training Package). National Council of Educational
Research and Training, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2020). Inclusion in Education-A Manual for School Management Committee.
National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 NCERT (2020). Inclusion in Education-A Manual for School Management Committee.
National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 76
 NCERT (2021). Educational Rights of Children with Special Needs-Frequently Asked
Questions. National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 O'Brien, J., & Forde, C. (2008). Tackling Gender Inequality, Raising Pupil
Achievement. Dunedin Academic Press, Edinburgh.
 Pal, G.C. (2010). Dalits with Disabilities: The Neglected Dimension of Social Exclusion.
Working Paper Series, Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, New Delhi.
 Purkayastha, D. (2010). Economic Growth, Intra-Household Resource Allocation and
Gender Inequality. Atlantic Economic Journal, 38(4), 465-466.
 Ridgeway, C. L. (2011). Framed by Gender: How Gender Inequality Persists in the
Modern World. Oxford University Press, New York.
 Samuels, E. (2014). Fantasies of Identification: Disability, Gender, Race. NYU Press, New
York.
 SCSTRTI (nd). Study on Cost Disability in TSP Areas of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and
Odisha, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Research and Training Institution, Govt. of
Odisha.
 Smith, B. G., & Hutchison, B. (2013). Gendering Disability. Rutger University Press, New
Jersey.
 THE Criminal Law (Amendment) ACT, 2018 Available at
[Link]
 The Criminal Law Amendment Act 2013, available at
The_Criminal_Law_Amendment_Act_2013_0.pdf
 The Juvenile Justice (Care and Prtection of Children) Act, 2015, available at
[Link]
 The Protection of Children from Sexula Offences Act, 2012, available at
[Link]
Sexual_Offences_Act_2012.pdf,
 The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, available at
[Link]
 The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Amendment Act 2012, available
at [Link]
Compulsory-Education-Amendment-Act-2012-English-Copiable_Searchable.pdf
 The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, available at
[Link]
 The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2019
[Link]
_Act,_2019.pdf
 Treas, J., & Drobnic, S. (2010). Dividing the Domestic: Men, Women, and Household
Work in Cross-National Perspective. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 77
 AREA C
DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 78
 Identification of Disability and Assessment of Needs
Course Code: C1 (ASD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction: Screening, assessment and identification of needs in individuals with autism are
crucial processes that play a significant role in understanding the strengths, challenges, and unique
characteristics of each person. Early and accurate need assessment allows for timely and targeted
interventions that promote developmental progress. This course provides an introduction to the
conditions on the autism spectrum and related disorders, focussing on their nature and needs. It also
familiarizes the student with tools and tests for identification and differential assessment used for
screening and diagnosing children for Autism.

Objectives: After completing the course learner shall

 Critically understanding the concept, history and theoretical perspectives of ASD

 Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of the culture of the autism spectrum
 Understand the other conditions related to ASD
 Demonstrate the use of various assessment procedures
 Demonstrate a critical understanding of intersectionality with ASD

Unit 1. Introduction to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

1.1 Autism Spectrum Disorder: Concept, Definition, Aetiology, prevalence and incidence
1.2 Historical perspective and the shift to neurodiversity
1.3 Characteristics as per the latest version of DSM and ICD
1.4 Educational and employment avenues for individuals with ASD
1.5 Certification, legal support and schemes for persons with ASD

Unit 2. Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2.1 Understanding ASD as per the ICF paradigm
2.2 Understanding ASD as per the neurodiversity paradigm
2.3 Understanding learning styles and principles of teaching (spectrum condition, uneven skill
profile, context-based teaching, concept-based teaching and rote learning; concrete learning;
literal learning, generalisation training)
2.4 Understanding theoretical perspective from a neurodivergent perspective: Theory of Mind,
Central Coherence Theory, Executive Function Theory, Double Empathy Problem
2.5 Understanding theoretical perspective from a neurodivergent perspective: Polyvagal Theory,
Monotropism, Sensory Perception Theory

Unit 3. Related Conditions

3.1 Motor and sensory conditions

3.2 Developmental conditions (ID, LD, Hyperlexia, Semantic Pragmatic Disorder, Non-Verbal
Learning Disability)
3.3 Neurological conditions (Seizures, ADHD, Tourette’s)
3.4 Physical health (Autoimmune, gut-related conditions)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 79
3.5 Mental health (Depression, Anxiety, OCD, Masking and Camouflaging)

Unit 4. Identification and Assessment of Needs of Individuals across Autism Spectrum

Disorders

4.1 Screening, diagnosis, assessment, evaluations - Concept and definition

4.2 Screening tools: Indian, international and cultural adaptations of observation-based and
parent-report measures: Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (MCHAT-R/F)
4.3 Diagnostic assessments: Criteria: (DSM 5, ICD 11, ICF) and Tools:
 Indian observation-based/parent report measures: Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism
(ISAA), AIIMS-Modified INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder
(AIIMS Modified INDT-ASD)
 International/cultural adaptations of observation-based/parent report measures: Childhood
Autism Rating Scale 2nd edition (CARS-2), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule,
Second Edition (ADOS-2), Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
 International/cultural adaptations of self-report measures: The Ritvo Autism Asperger
Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R), Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition
(SRS-2); ICF checklist
4.4 Areas of Assessments:
 Developmental: (Infant-Toddler Checklist, Child Developmental Screening)
 Psychological: (WISC, MISIC, Binet-Kamath, Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Seguin
Form Board)
 Adaptive and Functional: (Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales—Second Edition
(VABS-2); Verbal Behaviour Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-
MAPP)
 Educational: Psycho-Educational Profile (PEP-R); Adolescents and Adults Psycho-
Educational Profile (A-PEP), Curricular based assessment, Functional Assessment
Checklists for Programming (FACP); EACCID Assessment of Basic Language and
Learning Skills (ABLLS), BASIC-MR, and BASAL-MR
4.5 Areas of Adolescence and Adult Assessments:
 Vocational and Work: (TEACCH Transition Assessment Profile-Second Edition (TTAP-
2), The Assessment of Functional Living Skills (AFLS)
 Independent Living: The Assessment of Functional Living Skills (AFLS)

Unit 5. Critical Aspects of Assessment

5.1 Autism assessment from a gender perspective

5.2 Autism assessment across age (adolescence and adulthood) and abilities
5.3 Understanding and enhancing Quality of Life
5.4 Differential diagnosis (ADHD, ID, social anxiety)
5.5 Role of medication and alternative therapies

Transaction

The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 80
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Administration of screening and assessment tools on children across different ages and levels
 Development of a detailed profile for children with ASD
 Presentations on embracing difference and diversity
 Develop a plan to share a diagnosis of autism with an autistic person and his family
 Develop a presentation for community, school teachers and other audiences to talk about
autism
 Develop a plan for an autistic person to be involved in self-advocacy

Recommended Readings

 Achenbach, T. M., Rescorla, L.A. (2001). Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL).

[Link]
 Alkazi, R. (1999). The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, CP, MR &
Multiple Disabilities: Training Module.
 Arya, S., Rao, L.G., Jayaram, M. & Deshpande, S.N. (2009). Indian Scale for Assessment of
Autism (ISAA). National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Secunderabad.
 Attwood, T. (2008). The complete guide to Asperger Syndrome. UK: Jessica
Kingsley
 Autism (ISAA). National Institute for the Mentally Handicapped, Secunderabad: NIMH.
 Barua M. & Daley T. (2008). Autism Spectrum Disorders. New Delhi: Aahan
Publications. [Link]
[Link]/docs/Advocacy_Attachments_Autistic%20Spectrum%20Disorder%20A%2
0Guide%20for%[Link]
 Constantino, J. N., & Gruber, C. P. (2012). Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition
(SRS-2). Torrance: Western Psychological Services.
 Doll, E. A. (1935). Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS).
 Doyle, B. T. & Doyle, E. (2004). Autism Spectrum Disorders - From A To Z -
Assessment, Diagnosis and More. Future Horizons Incorporated, Future Horizons Inc.
 Dunn, W. (2014). Sensory Profile 2. Bloomington: Pearson.
 Dutta, S. K., & De, M (Eds) (2019). Understanding Autism: Through the Lens of parents and
Professionals. The Asiatic Society.
 Fields-Meyer, T. (2011). Following Ezra: What One Father Learned About Gumby, Otters,
Autism, and Love From His Extraordinary Son. United States: Penguin Publishing Group.
 Glasberg, Beth A.(2016). Functional Behaviour Assessment For People With Autism
- Making Sense Of Seemingly Senseless Behaviour- Woodbine House
 Grandin, T., & Panek, R. (2013). The autistic brain: thinking across the
spectrum. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
 Gulati, S. Kaushik, J. S., Chakrabarty, B., Saini, L., Sapra, S., Arora, N. K., Pandey, R. M.,
Sagar, R., Paul, V. K., Sharma, S. AIIMS-Modified INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for Autism
Spectrum Disorder (AIIMS Modified INDT-ASD). [Link]
[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 81
 Jeyachandaran, P., & Vimala, V. (2000). Madras Developmental Programming System.
Chennai: Vijay human services
 Jordon, R. Roberts, J.M., & Hume, K. (Eds) (2019). The SAGE Handbook of Autism and
Education. United Kingdom: SAGE Publications.
 Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, m. D., P. C., Risi, S., Gotham, K., Bishop, S. L., Luyster, R.
J., Guthrie, W. (2012). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2).
CA: Western Psychological Services.
 Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC)
 Mesibov, G. Thomas, J.B., Chapman, S. M. , Schopler, E. (2007). TEACCH Transition
Assessment Profile-Second Edition (TTAP-2). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
 Mesibov, G. B., Schopler, E., Schaffer, B., & Landrus, R. (1988). Individualized assessment
and treatment for autistic and developmentally disabled children: Vol. 4. Adolescent and
Adult Psychoeducational Profile (AAPEP). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
 Myreddi, V., & Narayan, J. (2004). Functional Assessment Checklist for Programming –
PMR, NIMH, Secunderabad
 Narayan, J. (2008). Grade Level Assessment Device for Children with Learning Problems in
Regulars Schools, Secunderabad: NIMH
 Ozonoff, S. (2018). Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Second Edition. United
Kingdom: Guilford Publications.
 Partington, J. W. (2006). Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills, Revised
(ABLLS-R). Pleasant Hill, CA: Behavior Analysts.
 Partington, J. W., Mueller, M. M. (2012). The Assessment of Functional Living Skills
(AFLS). CA: Behavior Analysts.
 Paul, C & Jyothi, P. Eds (2022). Talking Fingers. New Delhi: Orange Books Publications
(Available in Hindi and English languages)
 Peshawaria, R. & Venkatesan, S. (1992): Behavioural Assessment Scales for Indian Children
with Mental Retardation.
 Rao, S. , Narayan, J (2000) Aarambh, School readiness package. Secunderabad: NIMH
 Ritvo, R. A., Ritvo, E. R., Guthrie, D. et al. (2011). The ritvo autism asperger diagnostic
scale-revised (RAADS-R): a scale to assist the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in
adults: an international validation study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
 Robins, D., Fein, D., Barton, M. (2009). Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised
with follow up (M-CHAT R/F). [Link]
 Rutter, M., LeCouteur, A., Lord, C. (2003). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R).
Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
 Salvia, J, Ysseldyke, J. E. And B. S. (2007). Assessment in Special and Inclusive Education.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
 Sapra, S.; Seth, R.; Gulati, S. (2013). Prayas - Dedicated To Children With Autism.
 Schopler, E., Bourgondien, M. E. V., Wellman, G. J., Love S. R. (2010). Childhood Autism
Rating Scale 2nd edition (CARS-2). Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
 Schopler, E., Lansing, M., Reichler, R., & Marcus, L. (2005). The Psychoeducational profile:
Third edition (PEP-3). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
 Shapiro,E.S & Kratochwill,T.R. (2000), Conducting school-based assessments of child and
adolescent behavior. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
 Shore, S. M. (2006). Understanding autism for dummies. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley.
 Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., Balla, D. A., (2006). Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales—
Second Edition (VABS-2). Circle Pines MN: AGS Publishing.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 82
 Sundberg, M. L. (2008). VB-MAPP Verbal Behaviour Milestones Assessment and Placement
Program: A Language and Social Skills Assessment Program for Children with Autism Or
Other Developmental Disabilities (VB-MAPP): Guide. United States: AVB Press.
 Wetherby A, & Prizant B (2002). The Infant Toddler Checklist from the Communication and
Symbolic Behaviour Scales. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing. [Link]
[Link]/test/infant-toddler-checklist
 World Health Organization (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health (ICF). WHO Publishing, Geneva
 World Health Organization (2003) ICF Checklist. Version 2.1a, Clinician Form for
International Classification, of Functioning, Disability and Health [cited May 24, 2008];
available from: [Link]
 World Health Organization (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and
related health problems (11th ed.). [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 83
 Curriculum Development, Adaptation and Evaluation

Course Code: C2 (ASD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:

This paper will enable learners to understand the approaches to curriculum development, its types
and processes. The course is designed to help the learners acquire knowledge and skills to adapt
curriculum and select evaluative methods to suit the needs of children with ASD in different
educational settings.

Objectives: After completing the course learners shall

 Understand and apply the concepts of curriculum designing, adaptation and evaluation
 Apply the principles of universal design of learning in adaptation of curriculum for
individuals with ASD
 Develop and adapt IEPs based on the assessment and the curricular domain to meet the
specific learning needs of individuals with ASD
 Develop a curriculum and adapt an existing curriculum to meet the learning needs of
individuals with ASD
 Develop a curriculum and adapt an existing curriculum to teach academic and life skills to
individuals with ASD

Unit 1: Definition and Approaches to Curriculum Development

1.1 Concept, meaning, and principles of curriculum development

1.2 Types of curriculums: core, support, collateral, hidden and co-curriculum
1.3 Approaches to curriculum development - developmental, functional, ecological, eclectic,
school-based
1.4 Approaches to curriculum transaction – person-centred, activity-centred, holistic
1.5 Role of special educator in curriculum development for students with diverse learning needs

Unit 2: Curriculum Adaptation and Evaluation for Individuals Across Autism Spectrum

2.1 Evaluation of curriculum based on recent developments and trends

2.2 Curriculum designing based on the individual profile - Individualized Educational Programme
(IEP) and Individualized Family Support Programme (IFSP)
2.3 Curricular adaptation to meet needs in different settings – home-based settings, special
schools, inclusive schools; vocational and work settings, in-person, online, and blended
learning
2.4 Role of technology in curriculum development
2.5 Considerations during curriculum development (lifespan approach, context-based learning,
neurodiversity affirming, strength and interest focus)

Unit 3: Curriculum Development and Teaching

3.1 Community and learners need assessment

3.2 Aims, goals and objectives

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 84
3.3 Selection and preparation of teaching methods and material
 Microteaching
 Scaffolding
 T-L aids
3.4 Implementation, recording and evaluations
3.5 Adapting the hidden curriculum for individuals with autism (e.g. awareness of expected but
not explicit rules, processes and procedures, social hierarchies and protocols)

Unit 4: Curricular Focus for Individuals across the Autism Spectrum

4.1 Attending skills and pre-academics, functional academics and academics

4.2 Language and communication (verbal, non-verbal and AAC)

4.3 Play, leisure and recreation

4.4 Vocational, skill development and employment

4.5 Preparing for transitions (across age and environments)

Unit 5: Curricular Focus on Life Skills for Individuals across the Autism Spectrum

5.1 Perspective-taking and executive functioning

5.2 Social interactions (interpersonal skills and conflict resolution), and emotional regulation
(identification, expression and stress management)

5.3 Self-care, personal hygiene, privacy and sexuality, and independent living

5.4 Community participation and engagement

5.5 Leadership and self-advocacy

Transaction

The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Development of curriculum for selected children with autism using a suitable approach
 Adaptation of existing curriculum for children with ASD in inclusive schools for selected
grades and subjects

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 85
 Development of curriculum for children with ASD in special schools for specific learning
needs
 Adaptation of existing teaching aids for specific content areas
 Development of new teaching aids for specific lesson plans

Recommended Readings

 Anderson, S. R., Jablonski, A. L., Thomeer, M. L., & Knapp, V. M. (2007). Self-help Skills
for People with Autism: A Systematic Teaching Approach. United States: Woodbine House.
 Baine, D. (2017). Developing community-referenced curricula for marginalized communities,
Alberta. Canada: Vector International
 Conelly, F.M., Fang He,M., (2008): Handbook of Curriculum and Instruction. Sage
Publication
 Freeman, S. K., Dake, L. (1997). Teach Me Language: A Language Manual for Children with
Autism, Asperger's Syndrome and Related Developmental Disorders. United States: SKF
Books.
 Gathoo, V., Palkar, G., Mathur, D., Mhatre, P., Kapoor, D., & Veling, S. (2023). Curricular
Framework for Cross Disability Early Intervention and School Readiness: PEHAL (Birth to 3
years) and NIPUN Inclusive (3 to 6 years) (1st ed.). Rehabilitation Council of India.(ISBN)
978-81-962808-0-2
 Johnson-Martin, N., Hacker, B.J., Attermeier, S.M., (2004). The Carolina Curriculum for
Preschoolers with Special Needs, Baltimore: Paul.H. Brookes
 Myles, B.S., Trautman, M.L., Schelvan, R.L. (2004). The Hidden Curriculum: Practical
Solutions for Understanding Unstated Rules in Social Situations. USA:AAPI,
 Narayan, J, Kutty, A.T.T et al (2003). Educating children with learning problems in primary
schools, Secunderabad: NIMH
 National Research Council, Commission on Behavioural and Social Sciences & Education,
Committee on Early Childhood Pedagogy (2001). Eager to Learn: Educating our Pre-
schoolers.
 NCERT (2020).Guidelines for Development of E-Content for Children with Disabilities;
Developed by subcommittee of experts constituted by the Ministry of Education; Government
of India: New Delhi, India.
 NIMH Video Films. (2002). Help Them Learn, Make it Easy, NIMH, Secunderabad.
 Sennott S. & Loman S. (2015). Comprehensive Individualized Curriculum and Instructional
Design: Curriculum and Instruction for Students with Developmental Disabilities/Autism
Spectrum Disorders. Portland State University Library. USA.
[Link]
and-instructional-design-curriculum-and-instruction-for-students-with-developmental-
disabilities-autism-spectrum-disorders
 Simpson, R.L. & Myles, B.S. (2008). Educating Children and Youth with Autism: Strategies
for effective practice, 2nd ed. [Link]. Texas.
 Wyse, D. Hayward.L., Pandya, J. (2015): Handbook of Curriculum, Pedagogy and
Assessment. NY: Sage Publication
 Zager, D., & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2019). Teaching Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism
Spectrum Disorder: Curriculum Planning and Strategies. London: Routledge

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 86
Web References:

 [Link]
[Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 87
 Intervention and Teaching Strategies
Course Code: C3 (ASD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:

This course provides a multidimensional perspective on teaching approaches currently being used
for children with ASD. It prepares the learners to select a teaching approach and use it with methods
and strategies relevant to the learning needs of children with ASD.

Objectives: After completing the course learners shall

 Demonstrate an understanding and use of appropriate teaching strategies and development of

teaching-learning material
 Understand and apply environmental accommodations to meet the learning needs of autistic
individuals in different settings
 Critically review and apply strategies for enhancement of learning in children with ASD.
 Use visual strategies and positive behaviour supports to teach and shape appropriate
behaviours
 Plan the teaching programme by selecting appropriate teaching strategies in individual, small
group and large-group teaching

Unit 1: Learning Characteristics, Teaching Techniques and Strategies

1.1. Concept and meaning of learning characteristics and types of learners (visual learners,
auditory learners, tactile, kinaesthetic learners)
1.2. Stages of learning: Acquisition, maintenance, fluency and generalization

1.3. Principles of teaching (concrete, iconic, representational, symbolic), teaching methods

(multisensory, playway, Montessori, project-based)
1.4. Teaching strategies (environmental structure, reinforcement, task analysis, prompting,
fading, shaping chaining,)
1.5. Evaluation (continuous and comprehensive evaluation, progress monitoring and
documentation)

Unit 2: Teaching Strategies across Different Settings for Individuals with Autism

2.1 Universal design for learning (UDL) and differentiated instruction (DI)
2.2 Teaching process and procedures in home-based teaching programmes
2.3 Teaching strategies for educational and vocational setups: individual, small group and large
groups
2.4 Classroom management (team teaching, shadow teaching, peer engagement and cooperative
learning)
2.5 Peer-mediated programs and teaching strategies to foster participation in educational setups
and community

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 88
Unit 3: Visual Teaching Strategies for Individuals across the Autism Spectrum

3.1 Using structure and visual supports – introduction, principles, needs and importance
3.2 Teaching curricular and co-curricular activities in educational setups using visual strategies
3.3 Creating reasonable accommodations in vocational and work settings using structure and
visual supports
3.4 Using visual strategies in home-based learning and self-care
3.5 Use of Social Stories, and Comic Strips to facilitate transitions and emotional regulation

Unit 4: Essential Interventions for Individuals across the Autism Spectrum

4.1 Sensory and occupational therapy for autistic individuals

4.2 Speech-language therapy and Assistive and Augmentative Communication (AACs)
4.3 Positive behaviour support
4.4 Fostering independence in public spaces (restaurants, movies, shopping, public transport)
4.5 Special considerations for age (adolescents and adults) and genders

Unit 5: Other Approaches to Teaching Methods and Strategies for Individuals with Autism

5.1 Developmental approaches [(Learning Experiences and Alternate Program for Preschoolers
and their Parents (LEAP), Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), The Joint Attention, Symbolic
Play, Engagement & Regulation (JASPER), Floortime)]
5.2 Behavioural approaches [(Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA), Verbal Behaviour Analysis
(VBA), Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)]
5.3 Parent professional collaborations and parent empowerment programs
5.4 Social skill training e.g. PEERS
5.5 Consideration for learning and teaching methods in ASD (e.g. stages of learning, individual
and group teaching)

Transaction

The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Develop lesson plans for selected skill learning using structure and visual supports across
different settings
 Develop social stories for teaching selected behaviours in inclusive classrooms
 Develop a plan to make autism-friendly environments
 Mainstream school classroom
 Vocational setup
 Workplace
 Home

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 89
 Recommended Readings

 Barua M. & Daley T. (2008). Autism Spectrum Disorders. New Delhi: Aahan Publications.
[Link]
[Link]/docs/Advocacy_Attachments_Autistic%20Spectrum%20Disorder%20A%20Guide
%20for%[Link]
 Benigno, V., Capuano, N., & Mangione, G. R. (2015). A web-based knowledge hub for
special and inclusive education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning
(iJET), 10(7), 5–13.

 Bondy, A., Frost, L. (2012). A Picture's Worth: PECS and Other Visual Communication
Strategies in Autism. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House.
 Freeman, S. K. (2007). The Complete Guide to Autism Treatments: A Parent's Handbook:
Make Sure Your Child Gets What Works!. United States: SKF Books.
 Frost, L. A. & Bondy, A. S. (2002). The Picture Exchange Communication System Training
Manual. Cherry Hill, NJ: Pyramid Educational Consultants, Inc.
 Gray, C. (2016). The New Social Story Book, Revised and Expanded 15th Anniversary
Edition. United States: Future Horizons.
 Hadwin, J. A., Howlin, P., Baron-Cohen, S., (2015). Teaching Children with Autism to
Mind-Read: The Workbook. United Kingdom: Wiley.
 Kranowitz, C. S. (2016). The Out-Of-Sync Child Grows Up. Coping with Sensory
Processing Disorder in the Adolescent and Young Adult Years. Tarcher Perige
 Mesibov, G. B., Shea, V., Schopler, E. (2010). The TEACCH Approach To Autism
Spectrum Disorders. N.Y. Springer.
 National Council of Educational Research and Training (2019). Including Children with
Autism in Primary Classrooms: A Teachers Handbook. Delhi, NCERT.
[Link]
rimary_Classrooms.pdf
 Prater, M.A., (2016): Teaching students with high Incidence Disabilities: Strategies for
Diverse Classroom. N.Y: Sage Publication
 Rose, R. Confronting obstacles to inclusion: International responses to developing inclusive
education. London, UK: Routledge.
 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2013). Module on Training of Resource Teachers for Autism
Spectrum Disorders. SSA.
[Link]
20Spectrum%[Link]
 Singhal N. (2022). Independence in Self-Care Routines: A Curriculum for Professionals and
Parents of Children with Autism and Developmental Conditions. Developed with support
from DST, GOI.
 Sutherland, R., Robertson, S., & John, P. (2008). Improving Classroom Learning with ICT.
Routledge, New York.

Web References:

 [Link]
spectrum-disorder
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 90
 ICT and Assistive Technology
Course Code: C4 (ASD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:

Many autistic individuals, even those who use spoken language, benefit from the use of assistive
devices and assistive technology. This course provides an orientation to various assistive
interventions and technology to enable learners to integrate essential interventions.

Objectives: After completing the course learners shall

 Explain the role of technology in the education of individuals with ASD

 Demonstrate competency in the selection of appropriate technological support for teaching the
diverse learning needs of the individual
 Use ICT for assessment, curricular planning, progress monitoring and recordkeeping
 Demonstrate ability to develop lessons in different curricular domains using ICT
 Critically understand the recent trends, developments and the impact of technology-based
teaching and planning

Unit 1: Educational Technology

1.1. Educational technology – definition, meaning, scope and current trends

1.2. Use of technology in a teaching-learning environment
1.3. Assistive technology - hardware and software in supporting students with developmental
disabilities
1.4. Advantages and limitations in the use of technology
1.5. Enabling optimum support through technology including self-regulation

Unit 2: Using ICT in Teaching

2.1 Assistive Technology (AT): concept and definition; Assistive Devices (AD)
2.2 AT categories: low-tech devices, mid-tech devices, high-tech devices
2.3 Computer-assisted and computer-managed instructions, cybernetics, e-learning, use of search
engines and the role of artificial intelligence
2.4 Application of technology in lesson planning, TLMs, implementation of lessons, report
writing and evaluation procedures
2.5 Blended learning to meet the learner's needs

Unit 3: Need Assessment and Planning for AT with Individuals across the Autism Spectrum

3.1 Planning and preparation: Training in AT for use to select goals and technology,
3.2 Assessment of environmental support
3.3 Speech, language and communication: Indian and international tools and apps

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 91
3.4 AT for academic learning and evaluation (e.g., reading, writing & mathematics - talking
books, recorder, optical character recognition, speech recognition systems, alternative writing
surfaces, pencil grips, podcasts, proofreading software, talking calculators, electronic math
worksheets, fluidity software)
3.5 Use of technology in vocational and work skills

Unit 4: Integration of AT in the Everyday Life of Individuals across the Autism Spectrum

4.1 AT for adaptive and functional skills

4.2 AT to provide positive behaviour support (e.g., visual schedules, social stories; use of social
media, electronic musical instruments)
4.3 AT for teaching executive functioning skills (e.g., organisers, sticky notes, highlighter pens,
or highlighter tape, graphic organisers, digital organisers, calendars)
4.4 AT for self-learning, recreation and transitions
4.5 AT to address motor, sensory and other concerns

Unit 5: Trends & Issues in Using Technology

5.1 Consideration for the selection of programs and tools
5.2 Using technology to evaluate academic progress (e.g., google form for exams, creating PPTs
instead of Viva etc)
5.3 Parent and family involvement in the use of technology
5.4 Cyber safety, cyberbullying and use of social media
5.5 Evaluation of the impact of technology: social, ethical and human

Transaction

The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Assessment for selection of suitable Assistive Technology for a given child with ASD
 Develop a low-tech assistive device for communication
 Plan an educational unit that integrates the usage of AT

Recommended Readings

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 92
  Berkowitz, S. (2018). Make the Connection: A Practical Guide to Parents and Practitioners
for Teaching the Nonverbal Child to Communicate - with AAC. Herding Cats Press.

 Beukelman, D. R. (2020). Augmentative & Alternative Communication: Supporting

Children and Adults with Complex Communication Needs. United States: Brookes
Publishing.

 Bondy, A., Frost, L. (2012). A Picture's Worth: PECS and Other Visual Communication
Strategies in Autism. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House.
 Boser, K.I., Goodwin, M.S., & Wayland, S.C. (2013). Technology Tools for Students with
Autism: Innovations that Enhance Independence and Learning. Brookes Publishing.
 Buron, K. D., Curtis, M. (2003). The Incredible 5-point Scale: Assisting Students with
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Understanding Social Interactions and Controlling Their
Emotional Responses. United Kingdom: Autism Asperger Publishing Company.

 Castelo, M. (2020).Using Assistive Technology to Empower Students with Disabilities.

[Link]
students-disabilities-perfcon
 Cormier, C., & Natale, N. (2014). Assistive Technology Guide to Maximize Learning for
Children with Autism. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform. UK.
 Mukhopadhaya, M. (2005). Education Technology Knowledge Assessment., New Delhi.:
Shipra Publications
 Paul, C & Jyothi, P. Eds (2022). Talking Fingers. New Delhi: Orange Books Publications
(Available in Hindi and English languages)
 UNESCO IITE. (2006). ICTs in education for people with special needs – Specialized
training course. UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education. Moscow.
Retrieved from [Link] 644. pdf

Web References:

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
students-with-disabilities/
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 93
 Psychosocial and Family Issues
Course Code: C5 (ASD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction: The proof of successful learning is found in positive life outcomes post-education.
For learners who teach individuals with ASD, it is essential to be oriented to the challenges and
issues of adolescence and adulthood as well as the challenges that are created by the environment
for individuals with autism and their family members. This course enables learners to the process of
transition and preparation to adulthood, and the role of family and community in providing equal
opportunities and participation for persons with ASD.

Objectives: After completing the course learners shall

 Understand the developmental transition from childhood into adolescence and adulthood
 Support persons with ASD and their families through the transition into adulthood
 Understand the issues and challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families
 Understand the role of the community and the systemic changes required for participation of
individuals with ASD and their families
 Understand the role of an educator in empowering individuals with ASD

Unit 1: Transition from adolescence to adulthood for a person with ASD

1.1 Individual transition plan
1.2 Vocational training and higher education
1.3 Work and employment
1.4 Mental health in transition
1.5 Disclosure and advocacy

Unit 2: Preparedness for Adulthood

2.1 Critical life skills (making choices, decision-making, critical thinking, problem-solving)
2.2 Gendered experience of autism
- Public domain: school and outside school
- Private and familial domain
- Normalization and social role valorisation
2.3 Housing and living arrangements
2.4 Sexuality, marriage and parenthood
2.5 Financial management and guardianship

Unit 3. Physical and Mental Health

3.1 Understanding trauma and abuse (physical, psychological, sexual, emotional,

pharmacological)
3.2 Addressing mental health concerns (depression, anxiety, trauma, well-being, quality of life)
3.3 Promoting agency, self-determination and self-advocacy
3.4 Facilitating a suitable social environment
3.5 Legal rights and advocacy

Unit 4. Issues related to families of individuals with ASD

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 94
4.1 A parent’s journey: assessment and life goals
4.2 Living with a person with autism: Parent perspectives
4.3 Living with a person with autism: Sibling perspectives
4.4 Living with a person without autism: Perspectives from autistic self-advocates
4.5 Social attitude – neighbourhood, parents of other children, friendship, support, societal
responses, myths and misconceptions

Unit 5: Empowering Person with Autism and their Families

5.1 Role and responsibilities of parents, caregivers, siblings and extended family
5.2 Family-centred practices: family systems programs, Instructional programs,
Interactional programs
5.3 Parent-empowered training programs
5.4 Role of parents and family members in service delivery and advocacy
5.5 Access to legal framework and government scheme

Transaction

The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Develop an individual transition plan for a selected individual with autism

 Interact with the parents of selected individuals with ASD and find out the needs and issues
 Do a community mapping of available support and services for a selected family
 Critically evaluate the available legal provisions for autistic individuals and their families
 Support a selected family access

Recommended Readings

 Adamson, L.B., Bakeman, R., Deckner, D.F., and Nelson, P.B. (2012). Rating parent-child
interactions: Joint engagement, communication dynamics, and shared topics in autism,
Down syndrome, and typical development. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,
42(12), 2622-2635.
 Neuville, E. (2019). Pathways to the Mainstream: The Promise of Social Role Valorization.
In S. Dutta & M. De (Eds.), Understanding Autism (pp.32-46). Kolkata, West Bengal: The
Asiatic Society.
 Neuville, E., Cardozo, P., De, M., & Lemay, R. (2023). Social Role Valorization Theory in

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 95
 India: An Idea with Consequences. In Understanding Disability: Interdisciplinary Critical
Approaches (pp. 25–38). essay, Singapore: Springer Nature
 Peshawaria, R Menon, DK Ganguly R. Roy, S. Pilla y R.P.R.S. & Gupta A (1995)
Understanding Indian families having persons with Mental Retardation, Secunderabad
 Prizant, B. M. (2015). Uniquely Human: A different way of seeing autism. NY: Simon &
Schuster
 Rehabilitation Council of India (2008). Autism, Nature and Needs. RCI, Kanishka
Publishers
 Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2013). Module on Training of Resource Teachers for Autism
Spectrum Disorders. SSA.
[Link]
20Spectrum%[Link]
 Singhal N. (2019). Employment Opportunities for Adults with Autism. In S. K. Dutta & M.
De (Ed.) Understanding Autism: through the Lens of Parents and Professionals. Kolkata,
India: S. Chakrabarti.
 Vaidya, S. (2016). Autism and the Family in Urban India: Looking Back, Looking Forward.
Springer.

Web References:

 [Link]>books
 [Link]
 [Link] [Link].m
 [Link]
 [Link]>cbr
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 96
 AREA C
DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Hearing Impairment (HI)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 97
 Identification of Disability and Assessment of Needs

Course Code: C1 (HI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
Hearing loss needs to be identified at the earliest in order to provide timely intervention to
children with hearing impairment (CwHI). This in turn would help them to develop adequate
communication and language so as to function at par with typically developing children in
school and beyond. The course is designed to provide input to learners about various
assessments to be undertaken for identifying needs in order to plan the intervention program.

Objectives
After completing the course, student-teachers will be able to
 Explain the need and techniques for early identification of hearing loss in children.
 Acquire knowledge in the area of audiological assessment and its relevance in education.
 Discuss communicative and language related needs with the understanding of its
development and assessment.
 Understand the need for assessment of various processes involved in receptive and
expressive language.
 Describe and identify different components of educational assessment and analyze various
educational needs of children with hearing impairment.

Unit 1: Early Identification of Hearing Loss: Need and Strategies

1.1 Need for and importance of early identification of hearing loss for preventing speech and
language deprivation.
1.2 Overview of behavioral and objective techniques in screening for hearing loss.
1.3 Team members involved in hearing screening and their role. Need to sensitize them on
language deprivation, sign language & deaf community.
1.4 Use of checklists and behavioral observation in early identification of hearing loss by
school teachers (congenital & acquired).
1.5 Referral of children based on signs and symptoms of hearing loss.
Unit 2: Audiological Assessment
2.1 Orientation: Sound, Physical and psychological parameters/attributes, concept of decibel,
Behavioral Auditory developmental milestones in typical children (0-2 years).
2.2 Assessment & methods of assessment: Subjective & Objective tests; Orientation to these

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 98
 tests and their importance.
2.3 Audiometer: Block diagram, parts & use; Types of audiometry [sound field (BOA,
VRA)].
2.4 Audiogram: Understanding of audiogram and its implication in assessing the educational
needs of children with different types and degrees of hearing loss.
2.5 Concept of unaided, aided audiograms, speech spectrum and its applications. Orientation to
auditory processing of speech and impact of its disorder.

Unit 3: Assessment of Communication & Language

3.1 Communication: Meaning, types and barriers.
3.2 Communication and language milestones of typically developing children.
3.3 Impact of various types, degrees and onset of hearing loss on communication and
language.
3.4 Impact of various environmental factors such as parental hearing status, family
involvement on communication and language.
3.5 Receptive and expressive verbal language and ISL and need for its assessment.

Unit 4: Assessment of Speech and ISL

4.1 Prerequisites, processes, types and need for speech and ISL assessment.
4.2 Basics of articulation and phonology (active and passive articulators; classification of
vowels and consonants) & its assessment.
4.3 Supra-segmental aspects of speech and assessment of speech intelligibility.
4.4 Basics of ISL Parameters and their role in early sign language acquisition. Development of ISL
through the ages. Pre-requisites, processes and need for assessment of ISL.
4.5 Assessment of various components of ISL (hand-shape, palm orientation, position of the hands,
movement of the hands and non-hand components such as the use of the face, facial
expressions, or body posture).

Unit 5: Educational Assessment and Identification of Needs

5.1 Educational assessment: Concept and scope
5.2 Factors affecting educational performance: individual, family and environment.
5.3 Types of Assessment (as/of/for): Norm referenced and Criterion Referenced tests,
Comprehensive and Continuous assessment, Summative and Formative, Formal and

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 99
 Informal, Conventional and alternate, Performance based and Curriculum based.
5.4 Tools and techniques of educational assessment: Observations, Interviews, Developmental
scales, Standardized and Criterion based tests, Teacher Made Tests at different levels and
classroom assessment techniques (Conventional and Modern).
5.5 International trends and challenges in assessment with bilingual and bimodal approaches:
Independent, dual purpose and constructivist perspective and adaptations.

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Compiling checklists (at least two) to identify hearing impairment in children.
 Using the audiograms of children (at least two), identify the audiological needs of each.
 Profiling the speech of children (at least two) by using a speech assessment kit.
 Profiling ISL skills of children (at least two) by using ISL assessment tools.
 Record the interaction with a three year old typically developing child and write your
brief reflections in terms of use of vocabulary and syntax (speech and sign language).
 Compile various tools used for educational assessment of children.

Transaction and Evaluation

Lecture cum Demonstrations, Tutorials, Assignments, Tests.
Suggested Readings
 Bel, R. L., & Frisbie, D. A. (1991). Essentials of Educational Measurement (5thed).
Prentice Hall Publication, New Jersey.
 Boyle, J., & Fisher, S. (2007). Educational testing (A competence-based approach).
BPS Blackwell Publication, Singapore.

 Brigance, A. H., & Hargis, C. H. (1993). Educational Assessment, Charles C Thomas

publication, USA.
 [Link]
 Jalvi, R, Nandurkar, A., & Bantwal, A. (2006). Introduction to Hearing Impairment.
Kanishka Publication, New Delhi.
 Jurs, S. G., & Wiersma, W. (1990). Educational Measurement and Testing (2nded). Allyn
and Bacon, Boston.
 Linn, R. L., & Gronlund, N. E. (1995). Measurement and Assessment in Teaching.
(7thed). Prentice Hall Publication, New Jersey.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 100
 Martin, F. N., & Clark, J. G. (2012). Introduction to Audiology (11thed.). Pearson
Education, Boston.
 Mathew, S., & Misra, A. (2010). Knowledge based evaluation of students with hearing
impairment. Journal of NCED, Vol 2(1), 26-33.
 McMillan, J. H. (2001). Classroom assessment: Principles & practices for effective
instruction (2nd Ed). Allyn & Bacon, Boston.
 Nitko, A. J. (1983). Educational Tests and Measurement: An Introduction, Harcourt
Brace Publication, New York.

 Northern, J. L., & Downs, M. P. (2002). Hearing in Children. (5thed.). Lippincott

Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

 Patel, R. N. (1985). Educational Evaluation. Himalaya Publication, Bombay.

 Poham, J. W. (1993). Educational Evaluation. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
 Quigley, S., & Paul, P. (1984). Language and Deafness. College–Hill Press Inc.,
California.
 Research Briefs by VL2 [Link]
 Resources by LEAD -K
 Singh, B. (2004). Modern educational Measurement and Evaluation System, Anmol
Publication, New Delhi.

 Status of Disability in India. (2007). Hearing Impairment and Deaf-blindness.

Rehabilitation Council of India, New Delhi.
 UNICEF. (2006). New Trends in Development Evaluation. Retrieved from
[Link]
 VCSL Checklist: [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 101
 Curriculum Development, Adaptation and Evaluation

Course Code: C2 (HI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
The course intends to develop capacities of learners to design curriculum keeping in view the
special needs of children with hearing impairment. Learners are expected to go beyond the 3Rs
with broad understanding of 21st century learning. The learner would also develop requisite
skills of developing literacy as well as appreciate the need and decide suitable adaptations to be
undertaken for curricular transactions.

Objectives
After completing the course, the student-teachers will be able to
 Understand the concept of curriculum and explain the importance of designing it for
children with hearing impairment in the context of 21st Century learning skills.
 Develop capacity of developing literacy skills of reading and writing in children with
hearing impairment.
 Describe the need for curricular adaptation and decide suitable adaptation and undertake it.
 Appreciate the need for curricular evaluation and describe the tools and methods for
evaluating it.

Unit 1: Curriculum and Its Designing

1.1. Curriculum - Concept, Types and Models.
1.2. Approaches and Steps for Curriculum designing.
1.3. Curricular needs of children with hearing impairment in scholastic areas.
1.4. Curricular needs of children with hearing impairment in non-scholastic areas.
1.5. Curricular framework for 21st Century.

Unit 2: Developing Literacy skills: Reading

2.1. Pre-requisites for reading and emergent reading skills.

2.2. Assessment of reading skills at different levels.
2.3. Approaches and strategies to develop reading skills and independent reading.
2.4. Types and models of developing reading skills.
2.5. Challenges and remedial strategies including Bilingual strategies to develop reading skills.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 102
Unit 3: Developing Literacy Skills: Writing
3.1. Pre-requisites for writing and emergent writing skills.
3.2. Assessment of written language at different levels.
3.3. Components and types of writing.
3.4. Steps and strategies in developing writing.
3.5. Challenges and remedial strategies including Bilingual strategies to develop writing skills.

Unit 4: Curricular Adaptation

4.1. Curricular Adaptation- Meaning and principles.
4.2. Need assessment and decision making for adaptation.
4.3. Adapting Curriculum- Content, teaching-learning material, and instruction.
4.4. Types of adaptation and process.
4.5. Adaptation and accommodations in student’s evaluation and examinations.

Unit 5: Curricular Evaluation

5.1. Concept and need for curricular evaluation.
5.2. Factors associated with curricular evaluation (Learner, Content, Instructor and
Resources).
5.3. Areas of curricular evaluation: Context, Input, Process and Product.
5.4. Methods and tools for curricular evaluation.
5.5. Challenges in curricular evaluation.

Course Work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Study the syllabus, annual calendar and timetable of any class in a school and write
your brief reflections on how syllabus is converted into action plan.
 Go through any pre-school curriculum and write your reflections on how this differs
from school curriculum in terms of structure, activities and evaluation.
 Take any two pages from either history or science textbook from secondary section and
adapt the content and presentations of the same for a child with hearing impairment.

Transaction & Evaluation

Lecture-cum-Demonstrations, Group assignments, Discussion, Assignments and

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 103
 Tests.

Suggested Readings
 Bialostok, S. (1992). Raising Readers: Helping your child to literacy. Penguin
Publishers, Winnipeg, MB.
 Bunch, G. O. (1987). The Curriculum and the Hearing-Impaired student: Theoretical
and practical considerations. MA: College-Hill Press, Boston.
 Culliman, B. E. (2000). Read to Me: Raising Kids Who Love to Read. Scholastic, New
York.
 Fontas, I. (2001). Guiding readers and writers (Grades3-6): Teaching comprehension,
Genre and Context Literacy. NH: Heinemann, Portsmouth.
 Gathoo, V. (2006). Curricular Strategies and Adaptations for children with Hearing
Impairment. Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi.

 Marsh, C. J. (2004). Key concepts for understanding curriculum. Routledge Falmer.

 Moores, D. F., & Martin, D. S. (2006). Deaf Learner: Developments in curriculum and
instruction. Gallaudet University Press.
 Posner, G. J., & Rudnitsky, A. N. (2005). Course Design: A Guide to curriculum
Development for Teachers. Pearson, London.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 104
 Intervention and Teaching Strategies

Course Code: C3 (HI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

Early identification of hearing loss needs to be followed by a good quality intervention. This
enables the children to develop adequate speech and language which in turn would facilitate
school readiness. Teachers need to use specialized techniques for developing listening,
speaking, communication and linguistic skills to children with hearing impairment for them to
access knowledge.

Objectives
After completing the course, the student-teachers will be able to
 Understand programmes for early intervention of infants and children with hearing
impairment.
 Describe the need, stages and importance of auditory/listening training & speechreading for
facilitating development of spoken language of children with hearing impairment.
 Explain various approaches to teaching, strategies for speech intervention.
 Describe methods, techniques and options to facilitate language and communication.
 Explain the concept, principles and practices, linkages and outcomes of educational
intervention.

Unit 1: Need & Strategies for Early Intervention of Hearing Loss

1.1 Parent-infant programmes for children with HI: Overview, need, requirements and plan
of action. Early Indian Sign Language Services for Infants and Parents for Language
Development.
1.2 Pre-school training programmes: Overview, need, requirements and plan of action.
1.3 Individual speech-language therapy programmes: Overview, need, requirements, and plan of
action.
1.4 Impact of early intervention on school outcomes.
1.5 Intervention of late identified children with hearing impairment: Challenges & strategies.

Unit 2: Auditory Learning, Speechreading and Speech intervention strategies

2.1. Auditory training – Rationale, importance, stages, types (individual and group) and methods.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 105
 Factors affecting auditory training. Challenges in auditory training.
2.2. Auditory Verbal Therapy – Principles, pre-requisites, strategies, importance and role of
teacher in AVT. Orientation to speech acoustics. Similarities and differences between
auditory training and AVT.
2.3. Speechreading – Rationale, need, pre-requisites and methods. Factors affecting
speechreading.
2.4. Speech intervention strategies - Approaches (Auditory Global approach, Multisensory
syllable unit approach, Ling’s approach), Uni-sensory and multisensory approach. Measuring
outcomes.
2.5. Teaching speech to CwHI – Formulation of lesson plan and activities for speech teaching and
correction, strategies for production of speech (modelling, shaping), individual and group
speech teaching and their strengths and limitations.

Unit 3: Bilingual Teaching Strategies for Deaf Children

3.1. Importance of Early Sign Language Foundation, with ISL as first language (L1)
3.2. Use of ISL in classroom for teaching subjects.
3.3. Bilingual education strategies in the classroom.
3.4. Collaborative and team-based strategies.
3.5. International trends in Bilingual, Bicultural Teaching strategies.

Unit 4: Communication and Language Teaching Strategies

4.1 Principles of developing language.
4.2 Methods of teaching language: Natural, Structural and Combined.
4.3 Techniques of teaching language.
4.4 Maxims of teaching language.
4.5 Tuning the environment (home and school) for facilitating language and communication.

Unit 5: Educational Intervention Strategies

5.1 Educational Intervention: Concept, Need & Areas (curricular & co-curricular) &
Types of educational intervention (group, individual, developmental, remedial).
5.2 Principles and practices in early educational intervention: Family centred,
contextualized (natural & inclusive environment) & integrated (collaborative) support
and services.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 106
5.3 Early language acquisition and literacy development.
5.4 Partnership of various professionals & agencies in educational intervention.
5.5 Child & Family Outcomes of Early Educational Intervention.

Course Work/Practical//Field Engagement

 Observe any two activities in a parent-infant programme/pre-school programme and
write a report.
 Classify the vowels and consonants of your language into low, mid & high frequency
and make word list for auditory training

 Read and reflect upon five lesson plans for teaching speech to children with hearing
impairment.
 Multi-level story creation: Select a story and write for three levels (pre-school, third and
seventh standard) using appropriate complexity of language (vocabulary & syntax). Use
this story for relating to children in various levels in ISL.

 Read and reflect upon five lesson plans for teaching curricular subjects to children with
hearing impairment.

Transaction & Evaluation

Lecture cum Demonstrations, Role playing, Assignments, and Tests.

Suggested Readings
 Aggarwal, J. C. (2010). Principles, Methods and Techniques of Teaching. Vikas
Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Beattie, R. G. (2001). Ethics in Deaf Education: the first Six Years. Academic Press
Inc., New York.

 Easterbrooks, S. (2007). Helping Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students to Use Spoken
Language: A Guide for Educators and Families. Corwin,
 Estabrooks, W., (2006). Auditory-Verbal therapy and practice. Alexander Graham Bell
Association for Deaf, Washington DC.
 Finitzo-Hieber, T. (1981). Classroom Acoustics. In R. J. Roeser & M. P. Downs (Eds.)
Auditory disorders in school children. Thieme-Stratton, New York.

 Guralnick, M, J, (2005). The Developmental Systems Approach to Early Intervention.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 107
 Brooks, London.

 Ling, D. (2002). Speech and the hearing-impaired child: Theory and practice. (2ndEd).
Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf. Washington, DC.
 Livingston, S. (1997). Rethinking the Education of Deaf Students: Theory and Practice
from a Teacher’s Perspective. Heinemann, London.
 Lynas, W. (1994). Communication Options in the Education of Deaf Children. Whurr
Publishers Ltd, London.

 Mahendru, M. (2005). Activity Book for Language Development in Children with

Hearing Impairment. Educare Publication, New Delhi.
 Mahshie. S. N. (1995). Educating deaf children bilingually, Gallaudet University,
Washington
 Marschark, M. S., & Patricia, E. (2003). Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies Language
and Education. Oxford University Press, London.
 Maxon, A., & Brackett, D. (1992). The Hearing-Impaired Child: Infancy through High
School Years. Andover Medical Publishers. Boston.
 McAnally, P. I., Rose, S., & Quigley, S. P. (1987). Language Learning practices with
Deaf Children. A College-Hill Publication, San Diego.

 Moores, D. F. (1997). Educating the deaf. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

 Nerbonne, M.A., & Schow, R. L. (2013). Introduction to Audiologic Rehabilitation. 6th
ed. Pearson Education, Boston.
 Nolan, M., & Tucker, I. (1984). Educational Audiology. Croom Helm, London.
 Owens, R. E. (2012). Language development: An introduction. Pearson Education,
Boston.

 Paul, P. V., & Whitelaw, G. M. (2011). Hearing and Deafness: An Introduction for
Health and Education Professionals. Jones and Bartlett Learning, Boston.
 Powell, F., Finitzo-Hieber, T., Friel-Patti, S., & Henderson, D. (1985). Education of the
Hearing-Impaired Child. Taylor and Francis Ltd., San Diego.
 Rhoades, E., & Duncan, J. (2010). Auditory-verbal practice: Toward a family centered
approach. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield: Illinois.

 Sanders, D. A. (1993). Management of hearing handicap: Infants to elderly (3rd ed.).

Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, New York.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 108
 Schirmer, B. R. (2001). Psychological, Social and Educational Dimensions of Deafness.
Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
 VanRiper, C., & von Emerick, L. (1984). Speech correction – An introduction to speech
pathology and audiology. 7th Ed. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall Inc. NJ.
 Vasishta, Madan and Ahuja, Gayatri. An Introduction to Education of Deaf and Hard of
Hearing Children.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 109
 Technology and Disability

Course Code: C4 (HI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

Technology plays a vital role in development including teaching and learning processes.
It is especially beneficial to children with hearing impairment to access information
through different modalities which otherwise would have been inaccessible to them. Use
of technology eases out the process of learning and makes it easier, enjoyable and
meaningful. The said course is designed to provide the learners with knowledge of
technology so that the same could be used effectively for children with hearing
impairment.

Objectives
After completing the course, the student-teachers will be able to
 Enumerate various listening devices and describe ways of effective usage and
maintenance.
 Create awareness and basic exposure to state-of-the-art technology for management
of various aspects of speech.
 Narrate the range of technological applications that can be used for facilitating
communication and language.
 Explain the present and future technologies facilitating the education of children with
hearing impairment.
 Identify different resources (financial & human) to obtain technology.

Unit 1: Listening Devices and Classroom Acoustics

1.1 Listening devices: Types (Individual & Group), functioning of hearing aids,
classification of hearing aids based on style (body level, ear level), technology
(analog, programmable, digital), Ling’s six sound test and other outcome measures,
care, maintenance and basic troubleshooting of hearing aids.
1.2 Ear moulds: Types, importance, care & maintenance.
1.3 Classroom amplification devices: Speech Trainer, Hard wire, loop induction, infra-
red & FM systems, their importance in educational management.
1.4 Cochlear implant, middle ear implant, bone conduction implant, & Auditory
Brainstem implant: Candidacy, components, functioning & importance with special
reference to ADIP 2014 scheme.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 110
1.5 Comparison between individual hearing aids, group hearing aids & cochlear
implant and their care & maintenance.

Unit 2: Technology for Management of Speech

2.1 Computer based training aids/equipment for management of speech (Dr. Speech;
Vaghmi; Speech viewer).
2.2 Use of computer-based speech equipment for management of voice in children with
hearing impairment.
2.3 Use of computer-based speech equipment for management of supra-segmental
features of speech in children with hearing impairment.
2.4 Basic infrastructure required for using computer-based speech training aids/equipment.
2.5 Tele speech therapy.

Unit 3: Technology for Facilitating Language & Communication

3.1 Low-cost technology and its application in the development of teaching learning
material.
3.2 Electronic and web-based technology applications: TV, Digital recorders,
Downloaded AV films, search engines, online learning material, Language Apps.
3.3 Web based technology for ISL.
3.4 Sign to text and Text to sign technology and Closed captioning.
3.5 Augmentative and Alternative communication (AAC) for children with hearing
impairment with additional/associating concerns.

Unit 4: Technology for Facilitating Education

4.1 Impact of Technology on Education: Evolving Trends.
4.2 Technology products for educational purposes: Listening (Induction
loop/FM/IR), Visual (Speech to text/text to speech) Audio-Visual (computer-
based learning & self-learning packages, Multimedia).
4.3 Technology Based Educational Services: Online learning, Web based learning,
Computer assisted Learning, Video remote interpreting, C-Print technology,
Open, Close and real time Captioning.
4.4 ICT and education of children with Hearing Impairment: Planning,
Implementation & Evaluation of teaching-learning.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 111
4.5 Universal Design of Learning: Meaning & Scope.
Unit 5: Resource Mobilization for Technology
5.1 Agencies for Aids & Appliances: Government and non-government.
5.2 Eligibility criteria for availing funding under Government schemes.
5.3 Procedure for availing funding from different agents.
5.4 Challenges encountered with cost involved in maintenance of devices after
availing funding and ways to overcome.
5.5 Locating Human Resources for Services and Referrals

Course work/Practical//Field Engagement

 Draw a neat, labelled block diagram of hearing aid. Prepare a list of tips for minor
troubleshooting.

 Prepare a list of agencies for procuring equipment and software for teaching
speech.

 Make a multimedia story using web-based content, pictures, images and video
clips.
 Compile different educational apps which use ISL.
 Compile a list of government and non-government funding schemes and
agencies for aids & appliances.

Transaction & Evaluation

Lecture cum Demonstrations, Self-study, Assignments, Seminar, Debate, Quiz.

Suggested Readings
 Andersson, C. (2014). Assistive Technology for the Hearing-impaired, Deaf and
Deaf-blind. Springer, New York.
 Berg, F. (2008). Speech Development Guide for Children with Hearing Loss.
Plural Publishing, San Diego.

 Dillon, H. (2001). Hearing aids. New York: Thieme Medical Publications.

 Finitzo-Hieber, T. (1981). Classroom Acoustics. In R. J. Roeser & M. P. Downs
(Eds.) Auditory disorders in school children. Theime-Stratton, New York.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 112
 Kumar, K. L. (2009). Educational Technology: A Practical Textbook for Students,
Teachers, Professionals and Trainers. Amazon Pub.
 Mathew, S. M. (2012). Technology for persons with hearing impairment. Status of
Disability in India, RCI, New Delhi.
 Moores, D. F. (1997). Educating the deaf. Houghton Nifflin Company.
 Rapp, W. H. (2014). Universal design for learning in action. Baltimore MD: Brooks
 Riekehof, L. L. (1978). The joy of learning signs. Gospel publishing House,
Missouri
 Sanders, D.A. (1993). Management of hearing handicap: Infants to elderly.
Englewood Cliffs. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

 Schirmer, B. R. (2001). Psychological, Social and Educational Dimensions of

Deafness. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
 Stewart, D. A., & Kluwin, T. N. (2001). Teaching Deaf & Hard of Hearing
Students: Content, Strategies & Curriculum. Allyn & Bacon, London.
 Tweedie, J. (1987). Children’s Hearing Problems, Their Significance, Detection
and Management. The Bath Press, Bristol.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 113
 Psycho-Social and Family Issues
Course Code: C5 (HI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

Family and environment play a crucial role in the development and education of a child
and the same is true in case of children with hearing impairment. As a learner in the field of
special education one must not only understand and acknowledge the role of context in
which the child is growing, but also try to tune it to facilitate easily accessible, age
appropriate and fluent language. The course is expected to draw learner’s attention to these
factors which are likely to impact the education of children with hearing impairment and
keep family as the core for success.

Objectives
After completing the course, the student-teachers will be able to
 Explain psychosocial development of early childhood and role of family.
 Understand the family needs and prepare to support families in empowering children
with disabilities.
 Ensure family involvement in educational programs.
 Describe strategies for family empowerment
 Explain intersectionality and related concepts

Unit 1: Psychosocial Aspects and Disability

1.1 Overview of psychosocial development; wellbeing and quality of life.
1.2 Implications of hearing impairment on domains of psychosocial development.
1.3 Role of family in psychosocial development
1.4 Role of Deaf Mentors / Role Models, Peers and Community
1.5 Challenges and issues in psychosocial development

Unit 2: Family Needs

2.1 Identifying family needs for information, decision making, skill transfer and referral.
2.2 Fostering family’s acceptance: from hearing loss to deaf gain
2.3 Building parents’ confidence for making informed choices (communication options,
options for listening devices, school placement, advocacy).
2.4 Supporting family in raising children with hearing impairment: Facilitating availing of
concessions, facilities and scholarship & other benefits.
2.5 Encouraging family participation in self-help groups and family support networking.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 114
Unit 3: Family Empowerment

3.1 Encouraging family centered practices, parent self-efficacy belief and family
involvement in child’s learning and parenting. Promoting Family Acceptance of
Assistive Devices
3.2 Creating Language Rich Environment in Families
3.3 Involving Family in Play, Recreation, and Values
3.4 Encouraging family involvement in educational programme and participation in
community-based rehabilitation programme.

Unit 4: Collaborative Practices for Psycho-social Development

4.1 Interdisciplinary collaboration for psycho-social development.

4.2 Role of positive experiences and language exposure
4.3 Identity crisis, Deaf identity, Audism and Deafhood.
4.4 Need for Indian Sign language communication for families.
4.5 Bilingual, Bimodal and Bicultural collaboration.

Unit 5: Shifting the Mindset

5.1 Intersectionality in Deaf Community and their families.

5.2 Comparing the experiences within families with multiple deaf members and families with
only one deaf member.
5.3 Importance of social emotional connect with various family members.
5.4 Importance of Self Advocacy, and Participation in Decision Making by deaf members in
their families.
5.5 Nothing About Us, Without Us – Including Deaf Voices in the Discourse.

Course work/Practical/ Field Engagement

 Family Interview and Case Study: Conduct interviews with families of children with
hearing impairment. Develop a case study based on the interview, highlighting family
dynamics, challenges, and strategies for support.
 Maintain a reflective journal throughout the course, documenting their interactions with
different families during practical engagements, especially note the differences in the
experiences within families with multiple deaf members and families with only one deaf

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 115
 member.
 Compile five activities that could be undertaken to foster parents’ acceptance of their
child’s impairment.
 Select a tool to measure a parent’s self-efficacy and administer it on three parents and
submit with brief reflections.
 Attend a parent meeting of a special school and report tips provided for fostering
parent advocacy.

Transaction & Evaluation

Lecture cum Demonstration, Role Play, inviting parents as speakers for
sharing experiences, Assignments, Tests.

Suggested Readings
 Beazley, S., & Moore, M. (2005). Deaf children their families and professionals
dismantling barriers. David Fultron Publishers, London.
 Brown, I., & Brown, R. (2000). Quality of Life and Disability. Jessica Kingsley
Publishers, London.
 Caspe, M., Lopez, M. E., Chu, A., & Weiss, H. B. (2011). Teaching the teachers:
Preparing educators to engage families for student achievement. Harvard Family
Re-search Project, Cambridge.
 Corter, M. (1966). Deaf transactions: Deaf families, deaf communities and deaf
identities. Jessica Kingsley publishers, London.
 Dunst, C., Trivette. C., & Deal. A. (1996). Enabling & empowering families.
Principles & guidelines for practice. Brookline Books, Cambridge.
 Gregory, S., Bishop, J., & Sheldon, L. (1999). Psychological perspectives of
deafness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
 Marscark, M., & Clark, M.D. (1998). Psychological Perspectives on Deafness Vol. I
& II. Psychological Press, London.
 Parasnis, I. (1996). Cultural and Language Diversity and the Deaf Experience.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
 Scheetz, N. A. (2000). Orientation to Deafness. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
 Spencer, P. E., Erting, C. J., & Marschark, M. (2000). The deaf child in the family
and school. Lawrence Erlbaum, New York.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 116
 AREA C
DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Intellectual Disability (ID)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 117
 Identification of Disability and Assessment of Needs

Course code: C1 (ID) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:

The first step in education is assessment and identification of needs, particularly so,
when we have children with diverse learning needs. Types and areas of assessment are
of utmost importance to help in understanding the needs of the students. This course will
prepare the learners to identify the learning needs of students with intellectual disability
by selecting appropriate tools and using them suitably to identify their learning needs in
different settings.

Objectives

After completing the course the learners will be able to

 Discuss the historical perspective, nature and needs and characteristics of persons
with Intellectual Disability.
 Narrate various procedures, areas and approaches of assessment and their
relevance.
 Describe the importance of assessment at various levels of school education in
special and inclusive settings..
 List the assessment tools for independent living, provisions and schemes for
vocational skills development and implication of assessment.
 Discuss the significance of different types of family needs their assessment and
implications for extending support to their families, demonstration.

Unit 1: Intellectual Disability - Nature and Needs

1.1 Historic Perspective of Intellectual Disability (ID)

1.2 Definitions of Intellectual Disability, National and International –e.g. ICD-10,

WHO, Rights of Persons with disabilities Act (RPwD, 2016).
1.3 Causes and Prevention of Intellectual disability

1.4 Classification – Medical, Psychological, Educational. International classification

of Functioning (ICF).
1.5 Screening, Identification, Characteristics and Needs of persons with intellectual
disability.
Unit 2: Assessment

2.1 Concept, Meaning, Definition and purpose of assessment. Assessment for

certification, assessment for programming.
2.2 Areas and of Assessment - Medical, Psychological, Educational, Behavioural &
Ecological

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 118
 2.3 Methods of Assessment – e.g. Observation, Interview and Rating Scale

2.4 Types and Approaches – Norm Referenced Tests (NRT) e.g. Psychological
assessment tools of intelligence e.g. Indian adaptation of Binet test of
intelligence, Malins Intelligence scale for Indian children, NIEPID Indian Test of
Intelligence (NITI)., WISC.
Criterion Referenced Tests (CRT), Curriculum based assessment (CBA) and
Teacher Made Tests

2.5 Documentation of assessment, Result interpretation and Report writing–

Implication of all the above for Inclusion
Unit 3: Assessment at various levels of School education

3.1 Importance of Assessment at Pre- School and School levels,/ NEP 2020 -
Foundational, Preparatory, Middle and Secondary levels.
3.2 Developmental and Adaptive Behaviour Assessment

3.3 Assessment Tools at Foundational and preparatory levels (preschool) –e.g.

Upanayan, Aarambh, Portage guide to early education, Madras developmental
Programming system (MDPS), Functional assessment checklist for Programming
(FACP), other recently developed tools.
3.4 Assessment Tools at School Ages (NEP 2020 – Middle and secondary levels)–
e.g. MDPS, BASIC-MR, Grade level assessment device for children with
learning problems in schools (GLAD), Support Intensity Scale, Curriculum
based assessment, any recently developed tools.
3.5 Documentation of assessment, Result interpretation and Report writing–
Implication of class level and curriculum based assessment and its relation to
Inclusion with resource support.
Unit 4: Assessment at Adult and Vocational levels

4.1 Significance of Assessment for Independent living of persons with intellectual

disabilities
4.2 Assessment for Transition from School to Work

4.3 Assessment Tools for Independent Living –BASAL-MR, VAPS, Comprehensive

Assessment Tool for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities.
4.4 Provisions and Schemes of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
(MSJ&E) for Vocational Skill Development
4.5 Documentation of assessment, Result interpretation & Report writing –
Implications of assessment outcomes for Community living
Unit 5: Assessment of Family Needs

5.1 Significance of psychosocial needs and its assessment in family

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 119
 5.2 Assessment of parental needs and its implication in planning Individualised
programmes
5.3 Assessment of siblings and extended family members and its implication in
planning education of persons with intellectual disability.
5.4 .Assessment of family and community resources for inclusion and strengthening
of family.
5.5 Documentation, recording and reporting –using the information in holistic
programming with the multidisciplinary team.
Transaction
The course can be transacted using lecture – discussion mode, the course faculty
member as a facilitator may help the learners to find answers that s/he puts across from
the curricular content of this course. Can have demonstration of assessment using
various tools with different individuals with intellectual disability.

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Compile information on relevant educational assessment tools for different
levels of school education developed in India
 Develop a teacher made assessment tool for a subject of your choice.
 Develop an informal assessment tool for assessment of family needs of a person
with intellectual disability
 Conduct an assessment of a person at secondary level to identify the needs and
make a transition plan from school to work.
 Assess a student with intellectual disability in an inclusive school and highlight
his/her learning needs.

Recommended readings

 Chavan, B.S., Ahmad, W. Gupta, R.K (Eds0( 2022). Comprehensive Text book
on disability/. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers.
 Hennel, G (2018). Identifying Special Needs: Diagnostic Checklists For
Profiling Individual Differences. New York: Routledge
 Jayachandran, P & Vimala, V (1990) Madras developmental Programming
systems, Madras: Vijay Human Services.
 Kaufman, A.S and Kaufman, N.L (Eds) . (2016). Essentials of Intellectual
Disability Assessment and Identification, Boston: Wiley.
 King-Sears, H.E. (1994). Curriculum Based Assessment in Special Education
Singular publishing Group, San Diego.
 Manogna.S.R, Susan.B.K & Kumar. R. J (2022). Sexuality Education Needs
Assessment Checklist. NIEPID, Secunderabad. Retrieved
from [Link]/[Link]
 Myreddi, V., & Narayan, J. (2004). FACP – PMR, NIMH, Secunderabad.
 Narayan, J. (2003) Grade Level Assessment Device for Children with Learning
Problems in Regular Schools, NIMH, Secunderabad

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 120
 Narayan, J., Myreddi, V. Rao, S. (2002). Functional Assessment checklist for
programming, NIMH: Secunderabad
 NIEPID (2023). NIEPID Indian Test of Intelligence (NITI). Hyderabad: NIEPID
 Overton, T. (2000) Assessment in special education: An applied approach.
Boston: Pearson Education
 Panda, K.C. (1997). Education of Exceptional Children. New Delhi: Vikas
Publishers.
 Peshawaria R & Venkatesan, S. (1992). Behavioural Assessment Scales for
Indian Children wirh Mental Retardation. BASIC MR, Secunderabad: NIMH
 Salvia, J., Ysseldyke, J, E. and Bolt, S. (2007). Assessment in Special and
Inclusive Education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company
 Srinivasulu. G & Mugesh. T. (2020). Comprehensive Assessment Tool for Adults
with Intellectual Disabilities. NIEPID, Secunderabad. Retrieved
from [Link]/[Link]
 essentials-Intellectual-Disability-Identification-Psychological-
ebook/dp/B01DRDK7IQ
 [Link]
management-clinical-practice-guidelines-on-intellectual-disability/
 [Link]
 [Link]
htm
 Kaufman, M.J. (Ed) (2022) Revitalising special education,
[Link]
pensu/[Link]?docID=7088548

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 121
 Curriculum Designing, Adaptation and Evaluation

Course code: C2 (ID) Credits: 02 Hours 60

Introduction

This course will prepare the learners to develop skills of curriculum designing
considering different domains of learner-centred activities. They will develop insights
into transitional determinants of curricular and pedagogical structure across different
stages of school education in view of holistic development of children with intellectual
disability. This course will also equip teacher trainees with competencies and skills to
adapt, modify or design curriculum based on the principles of Universal Design as per
the learning needs of children with intellectual disability.

Objectives

After completing the course the learner will be able to

 Understand nature of curriculum, principles and steps of curriculum designing,
domains and curriculum evaluation.
 Develop insight into importance of early childhood special education, preparatory
stages of school education and their implications.
 Acquire knowledge about curriculum domains at middle Secondary stages of
school education and understand its implications.
 Understand different strategies for curriculum adaptation, accommodation, modification
and their significance.
 Evaluation and make effective use of different techniques.

Unit 1: Curriculum Designing

1.1 Meaning, Definition, Concept and Principles of Curriculum
1.2 Types and Approaches of Curriculum Designing
1.3 Curriculum Domains - Personal, Social, Academics, Recreational and
Community living
[Link] in developing curriculum, challenges of developing curriculum for inclusion
1.5. Curriculum evaluation- concept, nature, types and implications in learning

Unit 2: Curriculum at Foundational and Preparatory stages of Schooling

2.1 Significance of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)and School Readiness
2.2 Early Childhood Education Curricular domains – Enhancement of domain in Motor,
Personal, Cognitive and Communication areas
2.3 Curriculum activities for developing Foundational literacy and numeracy
2.4 Sensitization of family, involvement in foundational and preparatory stages
2.5 Implication for Intervention at ECCE and Preparatory stages, transition,
documentation, record maintenance and report writing
[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 122
Unit 3: Curriculum at Middle and Secondary stages of schooling
3.1 Curriculum domains at Middle stage
3.2 Curriculum domains at Secondary stage
3.3 Curriculum domains at for vocational exposure and skill development
3.4 Rehabilitation of PwIDs under National Skill development Scheme (NSDS
by MSJ&E)
3.5 Implications of transition, placement for inclusion in community,
documentation, record maintenance and reporting

Unit 4: Curriculum Adaptations

4.1 Need for Curricular Adaptation, Accommodation and Modification
4.2 Adaptation, Accommodation and Modification for Foundational literacy and numeracy
Curriculum
4.3 Adaptation, Accommodation and Modification for language and social science
subjects
4.4 Adaptation, Accommodation and Modification for mathematics and science subjects
4.5 Adaptation, Accommodation and Modification for other school subjects (yoga, sports,
music, art and craft, vocational skills)

Unit5: Assessment and Evaluation

5.1 Assessment and evaluation- Concept, Nature and Need, Flexibility in assessment
5.2 Approaches, types, tools and techniques of assessment
5.3 Emerging practices in assessment –holistic assessment, school based assessment,
competency based assessment, assessment of group and individual learning.
5.4 Differential evaluation and reporting the holistic progress of students with intellectual
disability (SwID)
5.5 Implications of evaluation for vertical and horizontal transition, and inclusion of
SwID.
Transaction
Interactive course with discussions, assignments, individual and group work in
developing and designing learner-centric and need-based curriculum,
learning materials including digital materials as well as field engagement to
get first-hand experiences in practicing transaction of curriculum and
assessment of students in inclusive classrooms and other learning centres.
Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement
 Prepare a need based curriculum for a group of your choice in Activities for daily
living, social,
communication, motor and cognitive skills, Foundational literacy and numeracy
Preparation of assessment plan and multidimensional holistic reporting

 Develop a plan for Vertical transition from one stage to another stage of schooling
(Options may be given to select stages of school transition)
 Develop a plan for Horizontal transition: special/alternative learning centres to regular
schooling and vice versa (options may be given to select learning settings).

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 123
  Incorporate Movement/Dance/Yoga/Sports skills/Arts and Crafts activity (options may
be given to select activities), conduct in special/inclusive setting and submit report of
your observations.
 ICT as a resource in teaching and learning (options may be given to select school
subjects and topics). Do a relevant activity and report.

Recommended Readings
 Chennat, S (Ed) (2019). Disability, inclusion and inclusive education, New Delhi:
Springer

 DoSEL (2023). NIPUN Bharat Mission- Stakeholders: Roles and Responsibilities.

Department of School Education and Literacy. Ministry of education, Government of
India, New Delhi.
 [Link]
 DoSEL(2021).Pragyata-Guidelines for Digital Education. Department of School
Education and Literacy. Ministry of education, Government of India, New Delhi
[Link]
 DoSEL(2022). Nipun Bharat. Department of School Education and Literacy.
Ministry of education, Government of India, New Delhi
 DoSEL(2022). Toy-Based Pedagogy A Handbook Learning for Fun, Joy and Holistic
Development. Department of School Education and Literacy. Ministry of education,
Government of India, New Delhi.
 [Link]
 Guidelines for Innovative Pedagogical Approaches & Evaluation Reforms
[Link]
 MoE (2021).Guidelines for the Development of e-Content for Children with
Disabilities. Department of School Education and Literacy. Ministry of education,
Government of India, New Delhi [Link]
Content_guidelines_2021_new.pdf
 Myreddi, V., & Narayan, J. (1998). Functional Academics for students with
mild mental retardation, NIMH, Secunderabad..
 Narayan, J. (1990). Towards independence series 1 to 9. NIMH, Secunderabad..
 Narayan, J. (2003). Educating children with learning problems in regular
schools NIMH, Secunderabad.
 National Education Policy 2020, Ministry of Human Resource Development (Now
Ministry of Education), Government of India.
 [Link]
sh_0.pdf.
 NCERT (2017). Learning Outcomes at the Elementary Stage. National Council of
Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 [Link]
 NCERT (2019). Learning Outcomes at the Secondary Stage. National Council of

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 124
 Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 [Link]
 NCERT (2022). National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage 2022.
National Council of Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
[Link]
 NCERT (2023). National Curriculum Framework for School Education 2023.
National Council of Educational Research and Training, New
[Link]://[Link]/pdf/NCFSE-2023-August_2023.pdf
 NCERT(n.d.).Learning Outcomes at Higher Secondary Stage. National Council of
Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.
 [Link]
 NCERT(2019). The Preschool Curriculum. National Council of Educational
Research and Training, New Delhi.
[Link]
 Panda, K.C. (1997). Education of Exceptional Children. Vikas Publications,
New Delhi.
 Peshwaria, R., & Venkatesan. (1992). Behavioural a p p r o a c h e s f o r
m e n t a l l y retarded children A manual for teachers. NIMH, Secunderabad.
 Subba Rao, T.A. (1992). Manual on Developing Communication Skills in
Mentally Retarded Persons, NIMH, Secunderabad.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 125
 Intervention and Teaching Strategies

Course Code: C3 (ID) Credits: 2 Hours: 60

Introduction:

Once the disability is identified, it is necessary to plan and implement comprehensive

intervention programme to prevent further delay and deficit and improve the condition of
students with diverse learning needs. This course will help the learners to understand the levels
and types of intervention need to be prepared for students with special needs. This course will
also equip the learners to select and adopt strategies and methods in the intervention programme
to improve skills and behaviour for independent living of students with special sneeds.

Objectives:

After completing the course, the learner will be able to:

 Explain the importance of early intervention, types and techniques of early intervention
 Describe the importance and historical perspective of Individualised Educational
Programme (IEP), steps and components involved in developing, implementing and
evaluating IEP
 Discuss various teaching strategies, methods and approaches, and describe the principles
in developing and using Teaching Learning Material (TLM) for teaching different
concepts
 Explain types of maladaptive behaviour, Behaviour Modification techniques, procedure
to develop management plan for managing problem behaviour of students with special
needs
 Discuss the need and importance of various therapeutic interventions and their
implications in the lives of students with special needs

Unit 1: Early Intervention

1.1 Concept, Significance, Rationale, Scope, Advantages of Early Intervention
1.2 Types of Early Intervention
1.3 Intervention Techniques
1.4 Record Maintenance and Documentation
1.5 Implication of Early Intervention for pre-school Inclusion

Unit 2: Individualized Education Programme (IEP)

2.1 Need, Importance and Historical Perspective of IEP

2.2 Steps and Components of IEP
2.3 Developing, Implementation and Evaluation of IEP for PwID and its
associated conditions
2.4 IFSP – Planning and writing
2.5 Application of IEP for Inclusion

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 126
 Unit 3: Teaching Strategies and TLM
3.1 Stages of Learning
3.2 Principles of Teaching
3.3 Multi-sensory Approaches –e.g. Montessori Method, Fernald
VAKT Method , Orton - Gillingham Method
3.4. Teaching Strategies & methods– Task Analysis, Chaining, Shaping,
Modelling,
Prompting, Fading and Reinforcement, Role Play, Play Way
method
3.5. Difference between Functional & Learning Aids and Development &
Use of TLM
for CWID

Unit 4: Intervention for challenging Behaviour

4.1 Over view of Challenging behaviour
4.2 Identification of challenging behaviour
4.3 Functional Analysis and Behaviour Modification Techniques, Cognitive
Behaviour Techniques (CBT), Positive Behaviour Intervention and
support (PBIS)
4.4 Management of challenging behaviour at Home and School, Parental
Counselling -Individual, Group and Community
4.5 Ethical Issues in behaviour management and implications for Inclusion

Unit 5: Therapeutic Intervention

5.1 Occupational Therapy – Definition, Objective, Scope, Modalities and Intervention
5.2 Physiotherapy – Definition, Objective, Scope, Modalities and Intervention
5.3 Speech Therapy – Definition, Objective, Scope and Types of Speech,
Language andHearing Disorders and Intervention
5.4 Yoga and Play therapy – Definition, Objective, Scope and Intervention
5.5 Therapeutic intervention: Visual and Performing Arts (e.g., Art and
Craft, Music, Drama, Dance and movement, Sports.)

Transaction

The course can be transacted using lecture cum discussion mode. To facilitate
learning multimedia presentation can be introduced. Development and
implementation of intervention can be demonstrated in real or simulated setting
where students’ participation may be encouraged.

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Prepare an adapted lesson on any school subject for a student with special needs
attending class VII in a regular school.
 Assess and develop a behaviour management plan to be used by parents at home for

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 127
 reducing any one problem behaviour of a student with ID.
 Prepare three teaching learning materials for teaching language (receptive and /or
expressive) to a student with ID at foundation/preparatory level.
 Make a plan for organizing a visual art exhibition/competition for students in a special
school.

References

 Alberto, P.A. & Trontman, A. C. (1995). Applied Behaviour Analysis for

Teachers (4th edition). London: Merrill Publishing Company.
 David W. (1998). Teaching and Learning in the Early Years. London and
New York: Routledge.
 Duncan, E.A.S. (2005). Foundations for Practice in Occupational Therapy (4th edition).
Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
 Jayachandran, P. (2001) Teaching yogasanas for persons with mental retardation. Vijay
Human Services, Chennai
 Manogna.S.R, Susan.B.K & Kumar. R. J (2022). Sexuality Education - a Pictorial
guide for teaching adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities. NIEPID,
Secunderabad. Retrieved from [Link]/[Link]
 Myreddi V. & Narayan J. (1998). Functional Academics for students
with mild mental retardation, NIMH, Secunderabad.
 Narayan J. (1990). Towards independence series 1 to 9. NIMH, Secunderabad.
 Narayan J. (2003) Educating children with learning problems in regular
schools NIMH, Secunderabad.
 Panda, K.C. (1997). Education of Exceptional Children. New Delhi Vikas
 Pandit, A & Grover U (2001), Self Instructional Modules on occupational
therapy/physiotherapy, BED (MR) SPE, Bhoj University, Bhopal
 Peshwaria, R., & Venkatesan. S. (1992) Behavioural retarded children A manual
for Publication.
 Robert A. Gable and Steven F.W. (1993). Strategies for Teaching Students
with Mild to Severe Mental Retardation, London and Philodelphia: Jessica
Kingsley Publisers.
 Schell, B. A. B., Gillen, G., & Scaffa, M., (2014). Willard and Spackman's Occupational
Therapy. LWW; Twelfth, New York.
 Sharma,U and Salend, S (Eds) (2021). The oxford encyclopedia of Inclusive and
special education. Oxford University Press
 Subba Rao, T.A. (1992). Manual on Developing Communication Skills in Mentally
Teachers. NIMH, Secunderabad

 [Link]
skills-to-preschool-children-with-mild-intellectual-disabilities-an-evidence-based-
[Link]
 [Link]
py%201%20of%[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 128
 Training in communication skills for persons with Intellectual
Disability: [Link]
 [Link]
2162702
 [Link]
problems-of-children-with-mental-retardation
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 129
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) and Assistive Technology

Course code: C4 (ID) Credits:02 Hours: 60

Introduction
Technology plays a vital role in development including teaching learning process. It
is especially beneficial to children with Intellectual Disability to access information
through different modalities which otherwise would have been inaccessible to them.
This course is designed to provide the learners with knowledge and skills in using
technology so that it can be used effectively in teaching as well as with children with
intellectual disability.

Objectives
After completing the course the learner will be able to:
 Explain the meaning, nature and scope of ICT;
 Discuss the role of ICT in special and inclusive classroom and how it can be integrated
in the teaching-learning process;
 Use effectively use ICT tools, software applications and digital resources
 Integrate ICT into teaching-learning and its evaluation
 Describe the use and application of educational software and assistive devices for
learners with intellectual disability.

Unit 1 : Educational Technology

1.1. Educational technology – definition, meaning, scope and current trends.

1.2. Use of technology and multi media in teaching learning environment
1.3. Assistive technology -hardware and software in supporting students with
Intellectual disability.

1.4. Selection, use and maintenance of appropriate assistive devices for persons with intellectual
disability. Advantages and limitations in the use of technology

1.5. Enabling optimum support in education through technology. Schemes for availing assistive
devices: ADIP and other schemes

Unit 2: Instruction using Technology

2.1. Computer-Assisted learning - Computer Managed Instructions, Cybernetics, E- learning,

Use of Net Search engines and Websites
2.2. Preparation of technology enhanced lessons, Hybrid model of teaching
2.3. Application of Technology in Lesson Planning, Worksheet Preparation,
Implementation of lessons, report writing and Evaluation
2.4 Blended learning to meet the learner needs.
2.5. Technology in inclusive education

Unit 3: Technology-Supported Learning Situations

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 130
3.1. Preparation of Learning Schemes and Planning Interactive Use of Audio-
Visual Programme
3.2 Developing power point/ Slide Show for Classroom Use; Using of Available
Software / CDs with LCD Projection for Subject Learning Interactions
3.3 Generating Subject-Related Demonstrations- Using Computer Software and
Enabling Students to Plan and Execute Projects
3.4 Interactive Use of ICT: Participation in Social Groups on Internet, Creation of
'Blogs', Organizing Teleconferencing and Video-Conferencing
3.5 Identifying and Applying Software for Managing Disability Specific Problem

Unit 4: Teaching and learning with ICT tools.

4.1: Smart Tutoring System (STS)

4.2 ICT and Exceptional learning
4.3 Advantages of digital teaching and digital TLM
4.4 Digital skill development for inclusion
4.5 Role of ICT in disability inclusive services and development programs
Digital resource development for inclusive teaching

Unit 5: Application of Technology

5.1 Application of Technology in Lesson Planning, Worksheet Preparation, Report

writing and Evaluation
5.2 Application of Technology in Assistive Devices, professionally advanced software
5.3 Application of Technology in Instruction – Individual, small group and large group
5.4 Advantages, merits and demerits
5.5 Implications for inclusion

Transaction
In addition to lecture mode, actual experiences in using technology as part of the teaching learning
process is strongly recommended.

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

• Organize workshop using ICT for disability friendly class room activities and curricular
transaction and submit report
• Develop technology supported lesson plans for PwID and submit
• Use mass media/multi media for creating awareness on disability in rural areas and submit your
observation

Recommended Readings

 Chand.T. (1992). Educational Technology. Anmol Publication, New Delhi.

 Green, J. L.(2011).The Ultimate Guide to Assistive Technology in Special Education. New
York: Prufrock Press
 Kumar, K.L. (1996). Educational Technology. New Age Publication, New Delhi.
 Lancioni, G.E. & Singh, Nirbhay & O'Reilly, M.F. & Sigafoos, J.. (2011). Assistive
technology for behavioral interventions for persons with severe/profound multiple
disabilities: A selective overview. European Journal of Behavior Analysis. 12. 7-26.
 Mangal, K. (1990). Fundamentals of Educational technology. Prakash Brothers, New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 131
  Mehra, V (2004): Educational Technology, New Delhi: SS Publishers.
 Mukhopadhaya, M. (2005). Education Technology Knowledge Assessment., New Delhi.:
Shipra Publications
 Mohanty, J. (1992). Educational Technology. Deep and Deep Publication. New Delhi.
 Sampath, K., Pannirselvam, A., & Santhanam, S. (1990). Introduction to Educational
Technology. Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi.
 Satyapal, R. (1991). Educational Technology, A systematic Text Book. Associated
Publishers, New Delhi.
 Shah, D.B. (1991). Educational Technology for developing teaching competency. Gavendra
Prakashan, Surat.
 Takewale, R. G. (1995). Technologies for Educational Network, Presidential address in the
seminar on Technologies for Educational Networking. IGNOU, New Delhi.

Web resources:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link])
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 132
 Psycho-social and Family Aspects
Course code: C5 (ID) Credits:02 Hours: 60

Introduction

Family and environment play a crucial role in development and education of every child
including those with Intellectual Disability. As a learner in the field of special education, one
must not only understand and acknowledge the role of context in which the child is growing,
but also try to tune it to facilitate age appropriate activities as a contributing member. This
course is expected to draw learner’s attention to these factors which are likely to impact
education of children with Intellectual Disability, keeping family as the focus.

Objectives
After completing the course the learner will be able to:

 Explain the meaning of psychosocial aspects and the impact of psychosocial issues on
children with ID and their families.
 Describe the role of special educator in addressing the various psychosocial issues
 Define the role of family support for children with ID and to empower families.
 Ensure family involvement in educational programs
 Explain the role of special educators in empowering families.

Unit 1 : Psychological aspects

1.1. Psychological aspects – definition, meaning and concept.

1.2. Myths and misconception related to intellectual disability.
1.3. Role of special educator in ensuring psychological wellbeing and promoting self-
esteem and self-confidence of students with ID.
1.4. Creating an environment of psychological well being
1.5. Use of Positive behaviour intervention support (PBIS)

Unit 2. Social Aspects

2:1. Social issues- exploitation, delinquency, child labour and abuse of persons with
Intellectual disabilities
2:2. Impact of disability on social development
2:3. Attitude of family, community, peer group, teacher, co workers
2:[Link] for facilitating suitable social environment
2.5. Rights and advocacy, promoting self-advocacy - role of special educator.

Unit 3. Issues related to families of children with ID

3.1. Counselling and guidance on Issues concerning early identification, diagnosis,
assessment and placement
3.2. Issues related to stages of emotions such as shock, guilt, disappointment
3.3. Parent child relationship - Planning for support, safety concerns; overprotection
and neglect and its impact
3.4. Social attitude – neighbourhood, parents of other children, friendship, support,
Societal responses, myths and misconceptions
3.5. Role of special educators in supporting the families

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 133
Unit 4: Empowering Families

4.1. Understanding the concerns of parents

4.2. Family cantered practices: family systems programs, Instructional programs,
4.3. Parent management training: parent-child interaction therapy, other
interventions
4.4. Identification and special services for parents.
4.5. Prevention from abuse: e.g., physical, psychological, sexual, emotional

Unit 5. Role of Community

5.1 Concept, Definition and Scope of Community

5.2 Models of community-based rehabilitation (CBR), advantages and disadvantages
5.3 Types of community resources and their mobilization
5.4 Organizing services for person with disability.
5.5. Role of special educator, in promoting institution building and community
mobilization.

Transaction
The course can be delivered in the lecture- discussion mode; the learners can be given opportunities
to present in the form of seminar and group discussions. Let the learners explore and find ways and
means to help persons with intellectual disabilities to help the families and community to accept and
include children with intellectual disability.
Course work/Practical/ Field Engagement
• Help the families of children with intellectual disabilities form a parent group in a
community - Submit report
• Organise parent training programmes for parent groups on specific theme related to
Intellectual Disability – Submit report
• Mobilise community resources and carry out a recreation programme/sports
event/cultural programme involving children with and without disability – Submit report

Recommended Readings
• Adamson, L.B., Bakeman, R., Deckner, D.F., and Nelson, P.B. (2012). Rating parent-child
interactions: Joint engagement, communication dynamics, and shared topics in autism,
Down syndrome, and typical development.
• Brown, I., & Brown, R. (2000). Quality of Life and Disability. Jessica Kingsley Publishers,
London.
• Caspe, M., Lopez, M. E., Chu, A., & Weiss, H. B. (2011). Teaching the teachers: Preparing
educators to engage families for student achievement. Harvard Family Re- search Project,
Cambridge.
• Basu, S., Das, P., Chakravarty, I. (2007) Family Life of the Disabled Aged, Ageing and
Society: Indian Journal of Gerontology, 17 (3 & 4)
• Cramer, H., Carlin, J. (2008) Family Based Short Breaks (Respite) for Disabled Children:
• Manogna.S.R, Susan.B.K & Kumar. R. J (2022). Sexuality Education Needs Assessment
Checklist. NIEPID, Secunderabad. Retrieved from [Link]/[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 134
 • Manogna.S.R, Susan.B.K & Kumar. R. J (2022). Sexuality Education - a Pictorial guide for
teaching adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities. NIEPID, Secunderabad.
Retrieved from [Link]/[Link]
• Manogna.S.R, Susan.B.K & Kumar. R. J (2022). Sexuality Education for adolescents and
adults with intellectual disabilities - An instructional guide for parents, teachers and
caregivers. NIEPID, Secunderabad. Retrieved from [Link]/[Link]
 Peshawaria, R Menon, DK Ganguly R. Roy, S. Pillay R.P.R.S. & Gupta A (1995)
Understanding Indian families having persons with Mental Retardation,Secunderabad
 Srinivasulu. G & Mugesh. T. (2020). Comprehensive Assessment Tool for Adults with
Intellectual Disabilities. NIEPID, Secunderabad. Retrieved from [Link]/[Link]
 Taub, D.J. (2006). Understanding the Concerns of Parents of Students with Disabilities:
Challenges and Roles for School Counselors. Professional School Counseling Journal,
October 2006, 10(1),52-57.
Web Resources:-

 [Link] [Link].m
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]>cbr
 [Link]>books
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 135
 AREA C
DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Multiple Disability (MD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 136
 Identification of Disability & Assessment of Needs (Disability Specialization)
Course code: C1 (MD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:

The course intends to develop capacities of learners to identify and assess persons with Multiple
Disabilities, highlight the key characteristics or indicators of various multiple disabilities, discuss
assessment tools or diagnostic methods used in identifying these disabilities, and stress the
significance of a multidisciplinary approach involving professionals from various fields such as
psychology, medicine, education, and therapy to ensure accurate identification and holistic support
for individuals with multiple disabilities. The learners should acquire comprehensive knowledge of
different assessment procedures that will enable them to plan on how to teach children and Adults
with MD.

Objectives: After completing the course the learner will be able to:

• Acquire basic knowledge in the area of Multiple Disabilities and deafblindness.

• Explain the identification and assessment procedures applied to Multiple Disabilities
including deafblindness.
• Comprehend the physical and functional aspects of multiple disabilities.
• Comprehend the behavioral management of children with Multiple Disabilities.
• Understand the Hearing, Speech and Communication aspects of persons with Multiple
Disabilities and deafblindness.

Unit 1: Introduction to Multiple Disabilities

1.1 Basic Anatomy- Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous System

1.2 Concept of Impairment, Disability and Handicap, ICF
1.3 Locomotor Impairment- Hansens' disease, arthritis, kyphosis, scoliosis and rickets
1.4 Neurological impairment- encephalitis, meningitis, head injury, Motor Neuron
Disease, Mucopoly sacchridosis, Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM), Chromosomal
abnormality
1.5 Deafblindness and additional conditions with special reference to syndromes like
Congenital Rubella Syndrome, Usher Syndrome and CHARGE syndrome, dwarfism,
and combinations of conditions like ASD associated with physical disabilities and
highlighting the primary characteristics, challenges associated with each type

Unit 2: Identification and Assessment of Persons with Multiple Disabilities

2.1. Introduction to Psychological, educational, behavioral and functional assessments

2.2. Functional assessment for programming and teaching. Norm Referenced Tests
(NRT), Criterion Referenced Tests (CRT), Curriculum based assessment and
Developmental Checklists for assessment and programming of children with
Multiple Disabilities (Portage Guide, Upanayan, Carolina curriculum for special
needs, Callier Azuza, MDPS, FACP, Basic MR, DST, VSMS, Bhatia, BKT, CPM,
SFB), Functional behaviour assessments (FBA), Assessment of basic language and
learning skills)
2.3. Interpretation of assessment results with reference to school, home, and community
settings

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 137
 2.4. Multi-disciplinary approach to assessment. Involvement of various disciplines nature
of coordination of multi-disciplinary team referral agencies and linkages, networking
for identification of Persons with Multiple disabilities and deafblindness
2.5. Role of multi-purpose rehabilitation workers, professionals, and special educators in
identification of persons with multiple disabilities and deafblindness

Unit: 3: Physical and functional Assessment

3.1. Sensory assessment of vision, tactile, vestibular and techniques of sensory

Stimulation & integration including Sensory Profiling
3.2. Motor assessment of fine and gross motor skills. Physiotherapy, Occupational
Therapy- their implication and adaptation for classroom management
3.3. Assessment of orientation and mobility skills, Positioning, Lifting, Carrying,
Transfer of persons. Developmental Assessment- Gross, Motor and Functional
Measurement Scale (GMFM)
3.4. Assessment and management of daily living skills in feeding dressing & undressing,
toileting, bathing & grooming, Menstrual Hygiene and mealtime activities, Medical
assessments, including vision, hearing, mobility, and health evaluations, are crucial
to understanding an individual's overall health status and needs)
3.5. Role of ICT in assessment and use of Assistive devices in assessment and
assessments for augmentative and alternative assessments to help identify the most
suitable communication aids or strategies, considering factors like sensory abilities
and motor skills.

Unit: 4: Developmental and Behavioral Aspects in Relation to Multiple Disabilities

4.1. Developmental stages- Physical, social, cognitive, language and communication and
emotional
4.2. Developmental delays and their implications in the life cycle
4.3. Adaptive deficits- self-help areas, emotional, social, cognate and language areas
4.4. Maladaptive behaviors- functional analysis
4.5. Ethical issues in management strategies of maladaptive behavior in-home and
Classroom settings and Community Settings

Unit 5: Hearing, Speech, Language and Communication Aspects.

5.1 Speech, Language and Communication definition and assessment

5.2 Structure and functions of speech mechanism
5.3 Receptive and expressive language for persons with Multiple disabilities and with
specific reference to Tactile Sign Language with deafblind
5.4 Hearing and Speech disorders- Classroom management. Home training and role of
Parents
5.5. An introduction to augmentative and alternate communication (Pragmatic /
functional communication in classroom and home activities to enhance
communicative skills of children with Multiple Disabilities)

Transaction: Lecture-cum-Demonstration, Group assignments, Discussion, Assignments and Tests

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

Recommended readings

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 138
• Aggarwal, K. (2002). Handbook for parents of children with Disabilities. Planning
Commission. Govt. of India.
• Asmita.H. (2006).Language and Communication. Kanishka Publication, New Delhi.
• Baine, D. (1988). Handicapped Children in Developing Countries, Assessment,
Curriculum and Instruction. University of Albrta, Alberta.
• Bloom, B., Hastings, J., & Madaus, G.G.(1971). Handbook on Formative and
• Summative Evaluation of Student Learning. McGraw- Hill, New York.
• Carol, S.L. (2002). Early Childhood Assessment. Wiley, New York.
• Evans, P., & Verma, V. (1990). Special Education. Past Present and Future. The Faimer
Press.
• ICD – 10- World Health Organization. (2015). World Heald Organizaton, Geneva.
• Karthik. M. (2011). Introduction to Occupational therapy and occupational therapy
marketing
• King-Sears, H.E. (1994). Curriculum Based Assessment in Special Education. Singular
Publishing Group, San Diego.
• Levitt, S. (2004). Treatment of Cerebral Palsy and Motor Delay, blackwell
• Longone, (1990). Teaching Retarded learners Curriculum and Methods for improving
instruction. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
• Michel. H. (2003). Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Volume 3,
Behavioural Assessment. Wiley, Singapore.
• Miller, M. (2007). Physical Therapy of Cerebral Palsy. Springer, New York.
• Narayan, J., & Myreddi, V., & Rao, S. (2002). Functional Assessment Checklist for
Programming. NIMH, Secunderabad.
• Overton, T. (1992). Assessment in Special Education- An Applied Approach. McMillan
International [Link] York.
• Panda, K.C. (1997) Education of Exceptional Children. Vikas Publications. New Delhi
• Porter, S., (2013). Tidy's Physiotherapy. Elsevier, Edinburgh.
• Sadhana. R. (2006). Fundamentals of Speech & Speech teaching. Kanishka Publication,
New Delhi.
• Sharma, P. (1995). Basics on Development and Growth of a Child. Reliance Publishers,
New Delhi
• Sense International India (2017). Handbook on Deafblindness. Ahmedabad India
• Subba Rao, T.A. (1992). Manual on Developing Communication Skills in Mentally
Retarded Persons. NIMH, Secunderabad.
• Taylor, R.L. (1993). Assessment of Exceptional students Educational and Psychological
Procedures. Allyn & Baccon, Boston.
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- IV-TR. (2000). American
Psychiatric Association, Arlington.
• Text book of Medicare DAVIDSON
• UPANAYAN, National Institute of Mentally Handicapped, Secunderabad.
• Van Riper, C.A., & Emerick. L. (1990). Speech Correction- An Introduction to Speech
Pathology and Audiology (8th Edn.). Prentice Hall, New York.
• Wough, A., & Grant, A. (2006). Anatomy and Physiology in health and Illness. Elsevier,
Edinburgh.
• Banerjee, A. (1996), Infant Assessment: 0-2 years, IICP, Calcutta
• Hamblin, T. (1998). Physical Assessment: of a child with Cerebral Palsy. IICP, Calcutta.
• Banerjee, A. & Hamblin, T. (1995). Physical Management: for the child with Cerebral
Palsy, IICP, Kolkata
• Banerjee, R.; Kundu, M. & Banerjee, A. (1995)., Feeding: for the child with
• Cerebral Palsy, IICP, Calcutta

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 139
 • Banerjee, R.; Kundu, M. & Sarkar, P. B. (1995). Dressing: for the child with Cerebral
Palsy, IICP, Calcutta
• Banerjee, R.; Kundu, M. & Ganguly, I. (1995). Toileting: for the child with
Cerebral Palsy, IICP, Calcutta
• Bose, S. (1996). Screening for Hearing Loss , IICP. Calcutta
• Programme Checklist for persons with multiple disabilities a guide for special educators
(NIEPMD publications, available in [Link] /[Link])

Web based readings

1. [Link]
2. [Link] /[Link])
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
%[Link]
5. [Link]
[Link]
6. [Link]
7. [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 140
 Curriculum Development, Adaptation and Evaluation
Course code: C2 (MD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:
The course intends to develop capacities of learners to design curriculum keeping in view the
special needs of children with MD. Learners are expected to go beyond the 3Rs with broad
understanding of 21st century learning. The learner would also develop requisite skills of
developing literacy skills of reading and writing as well as appreciate need and decide suitable
adaptation to be undertaken for curricular transactions. The course will also equip with the
knowledge and tools necessary to create inclusive and effective educational plans for individuals
with multiple disabilities.

Objectives: After completing the course, the learner will be able to:

• Familiar with concepts and Principles of curriculum and explain the importance of
designing it for children with hearing impairment/MD in the context of 21st Century
learning skills/ NEP 2020 along with NCF 2023
• Develop capacity of developing literacy skills of reading and writing in children with
Multiple disabilities
• Describe the need for curricular adaptation and decide suitable adaptation and
undertake it.
• Appreciate the need for curricular evaluation and describe the tools and methods for
evaluating it.
• Develop IEP and Group Teaching plan.
• Apply the alternate methods of evaluation of learning among the children with multiple
disabilities.

Unit 1: Curriculum and Its’ Designing

1.1. Curriculum-Concept, Types and Models

1.2. Approaches and Steps for Curriculum designing
1.3. Curricular needs of children with MD in scholastic areas.
1.4. Curricular needs of children with MD in non-scholastic areas
1.5. Curricular framework for 21st Century. (Individualized Educational
Programme(IEP), Individualized Family support Plan (IFSP), Individualized
transition Plan(ITP), Individualized Vocational Education Plan (IVEP), Lesson Plan,
Group teaching.

Unit 2: Developing Literacy Skills: Reading

2.1. Pre-requisites for reading and emergent reading skills

2.2. Assessment of reading skills at different levels
2.3. Approaches and Strategies to develop reading skills and independent reading
2.4. Types and Models of developing reading skills
2.5. Challenges and Remedial strategies

Unit 3: Developing Literacy Skills: Writing

3.1. Pre-requisites for writing and emergent writing skills

3.2. Assessment of written language at different levels

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 141
 3.3. Components and types of writing
3.4. Steps and Strategies in Developing Writing
3.5. Challenges and Remedial Strategies

Unit 4: Curricular Adaptation

4.1. Curricular Adaptation- Meaning and Principles

4.2. Need Assessment and decision making for Adaptation
4.3. Adapting Curriculum- Content, Teaching-learning Material, and Instruction
4.4. Types of Adaptation and Process
4.5. Adaptation and Accommodations in Student’s Evaluation and Examinations

Unit 5: Curricular Evaluation

5.1. Concept, Need for Curricular Evaluation

5.2. Factors associated with Curricular Evaluation (Learner, Content, Instructor and
Resources)
5.3. Areas of Curricular Evaluation: Context, Input, Process and Product
5.4. Methods and Tools for Curricular Evaluation
5.5. Challenges in Curricular Evaluation

Transaction: Lecture-cum-Demonstration, Group assignments, Discussion, Assignments and Tests

, Experiential training

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

• Study the syllabus, annual calendar and time table of any class in a school and write
your brief reflections on how syllabus is converted into action plan
• Go through any pre-school curriculum and write your reflections on how this differs
from school curriculum in terms of structure, activities and evaluation
• Take any two pages from either history or science text book from secondary section
and adapt the content and presentations of the same for a child with MD

Recommended readings:

• Bunch, G.O. (1987). The Curriculum and the Hearing Impaired student: Theoretical and
practical considerations. MA: College-Hills Press, Bosto.
• Fontas, I. (2001). Guiding reader and Writers (Grades 3-6): Teaching comprehension,
Genre and Context Literacy. NH: Heinemann, Portsmouth.
• Gathoo, V. (2006). Curricular Startegies and Adaptations for children with Hearing
Impairment. Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi.
• Marsh, C.J. (2004). Key concepts for understanding curriculum. Routledge Falmer.
• Moores, D.F., & Martin, D.S. (2006). Deaf Learner: developments in curriculum and
Instruction. Gallaudet University Press.
• Sense International India (2017). Handbook on Curriculum Adaptation for Inclusive
Education of Students with Deafblindness. Ahmedabad India
• Bialostok, S. (1992). Raising Readers: Helping your child to literacy. Peguis
• Publishers, Winnipeg, MB.
• Culliman, B.E. (2000). Read to Me: Raising Kids Who Love to Read. Scholastic,
• New York.
• Posner, G.J., & Rudnitsky, A.N. (2005). Course Design: A Guide to curriculum
• Development for Teachers. Pearson, London.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 142
 • Banerjee, R.; Banerjee, A.; Hamblin, T.; Dutt, V. & Sur, J. (1999). Curriculum
Guidelines for Students with Multiple Disabilities: Physical and Neurological, IICP,
Calcutta

Web based reading

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
eries_VII/Series_VII_Part_1-What_are_curriculum_adaptations.pdf
 [Link]
 [Link]
partnerships/children-with-multiple-disabilities/
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 143
 Intervention and Teaching Strategies

Course code: C3 (MD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:
The course intends to develop capacities of learners in understanding, planning and designing
specific intervention and teaching strategies for persons with MD. The Learner should acquire
comprehensive knowledge about planning intervention strategies that cover all aspects of learning,
along with effective tools and strategies to create inclusive and empowering learning environments
for individuals with multiple disabilities.

Objectives: After completing the course the learner will be able to:

• Explain the principles and apply early intervention strategies.

• Explain the principles and apply therapeutic methods.
• Describe appropriate teaching methods, techniques and strategies for persons with
multiple disabilities and deafblindness.
• Understand Universal Design of Learning and specific strategies used for sensory
impairment.
• Demonstration of teaching strategies.

Unit 1: Early Intervention

1.1 Concepts, principles of early intervention and importance of brain plasticity
1.2 Teaching self help skills, feeding and oro-motor skills
1.3 Multimodal approaches to facilitate development of Language, communication and
speech, Cognition, social emotional skills, learning to play.
1.4 Teaching Pre-requisite skills for reading, writing, arithmetic and other related skills.
1.5 Individualized Family Support Plan (IFSP)

Unit 2: Therapeutic Intervention Strategies

2.1 Applied Behaviour analysis (ABA)
2.2 NDT, SIT, Hydrotherapy and Occupational Therapy
2.3 AAC - Total Communication
2.4 Sports and Games (Special Olympics, Paralympics& Abilympics)
2.5 Visual and Performance arts (dance, music, drama and yoga theatre art),
Animal assisted therapy, social skills training, and recreational activities

Unit 3: Teaching Methods, Techniques and Strategies

3.1 Stages of learning: Acquisition, Maintenance, Fluency and Generalization
3.2 Principles of teaching: Concrete-abstract, Known to unknown, Simple to complex
and Whole to part
3.3 Teaching Strategies, Task analysis, Prompting, Fading, Chaining, Shaping and
Modelling
3.4 Teaching approaches: Multisensory, Montessori, Project method, Play-Way
3.5 Reinforcement: Types, Schedule and Principles, Differential Reinforcements Token
Economy System

Unit 4: Universal Design in Learning

4.1 PECS
4.2 Discrete Trail Training

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 144
 4.3 Themes, Mind mapping, Calendar system, Probing Teaching Strategies and
Techniques
4.4 TEACCH, VBA & AT, Floor time and Miller method.
4.5 Class room behaviour management and differentiated instruction strategies

Unit 5: Teaching Methods, Approaches and Strategies for Sensory Impairment

5.1 Hand under hand, Hand over hand
5.2 Teaching Sign Language and Tactile Sign Language
5.3 Teaching Braille
5.4 Teaching Computers
5.5 O&M

Transaction: Lecture-cum-Demonstration, Group assignments, Discussion, Assignments and Tests

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

• To assess and develop IEP for children with multiple disabilities using appropriate
checklist 3 clients with different combinations
• To develop 20 lesson plan (15 curricular and 05 co-curricular) and practice at special
school established for Multiple disabilities
• To develop appropriate TLM with relate to the content chosen for teaching through
IEP and Group teaching
• To practice and implement the plus curricular and or extended curricular materials

Recommended Readings:

• Hogg. J. (1994). Making leisure provision for people with profound learning and
multiple disabilities. Lahpman, California.
• Narayan, J., Myreddi, V., & Rao, S. (2002). Functional Assessment Checklist for
Programming, NIMH, Secunderabad.
• Narayan, J. (1997). Grade Level Assessment Device for Children with Learning
• Problems in Regular Schools, NIMH, Secunderabd.
• Overton .T.(1992).Assessment in Special Education -An applied approach. Mc Millan,
New York.
• Poornima. J. (2006).Curriculum and Teaching. Kanishka Publisher, New Delhi.
• Singh, A. (2006).Class Room Management: A reflective perspective. Memorial
University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland.
• Sense International India (2017). Handbook on Deafblindness. Ahmedabad India
• Anuradha. B. (2006). Fundamentals of Hearing, Hearing Impairment & Audiolgical
• manual. Kanishka Publication, New Delhi.
• Hegarty, S., & Alur, M. (2002). Education and Children with special needs: From
• Segregation to Inclusion. Sate, New Delhi.
• Karthik, M. (2011). Introduction to Occupational therapy and occupational therapy
• marketing. Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
• Kutty, T. (2001). Vocational Assessment Checklist programme, NIMH, Secunderabd.
• Levitt, S. (2004). Treatment of Cerebral Palsy and Motor Delay, Blackwell, Oxford.
• Miller, F. (2007). Physical therapy of Cerebral Palsy, Spinger, New York.
• Wehman P., Ranzanglia, A., & Bates, P. (1985). Functional Living skills for Moderately
and Severely Handicapped Individuals. PRO-ED, Austin.
• Banerjee, R. (1996), Behaviour Management, IICP, Kolkata

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 145
 • Warrick, A. & Kaul, S. (2002). Everyone is Talking: Making Communication Displays,
IICP, Kolkata
• Reading Kit by Dr Reena Sen, IICP
• Varma, A.; Sen, R. & Worah, S. (1999), Getting Ready for Numbers, IICP.

Web based Reading

 [Link]
disabilities/#:~:text=Create%20routines%20that%20sequence%20events,of%20what%20wil
l%20come%20next.
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
Chapter-9-Special_Education_Eligibility.pdf
 [Link]
multiple-disabilities/
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 146
 ICT & Assistive Technology
Course code: C4 (MD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:
The learner should gain comprehensive knowledge about the value of ICT and Assistive technology
needed to enhance learning and educational experiences for people (children and Adults) with MD.

Objectives: After completing the course the learner will be able to:

• Explain the concept of Assistive technology.

• State the use of technology for persons with disabilities on communication and learning.
• Explain the principles and goals of Universal Design for Learning.
• Demonstrate the assistive technology required for social skills, livelihood skills and
assistive /independent living.
• Demonstrate teaching skills through use of appropriate technology/ computers.

Unit 1: Introduction to Assistive Technology (AT)

1.1 Concept, Definition and the Importance of AT
1.2 History of Assistive Technology
1.3 Lifecycle approaches of using Assistive Technology
1.4 Levels of Assistive Technology and the difference between Assistive Technology
and Adaptive Technology
1.5 Universal design for learning

Unit 2: Assistive Technology for Communication, Academic Learning and Assistive Living
2.1 Problems exhibited by the students with disabilities in communication, learning and
in independent living
2.2 Technology that supports language and communication
2.3 Technology tools that strengthens academic learning
2.4 Technology that supports assistive /independent living and livelihood skills
2.5 Technology that supports home management, Issues of procuring & using assistive
technology in rural / urban settings

Unit 3: Assistive Technology to Support Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

3.1 UDL: Concept, Meaning Definitions and Aim, emerging AT Trends and
Innovations,
3.2 Case Studies and Best Practices in UDL
3.3 UDL: principles, goals and applications in the class room
3.4 UDL: application on curriculum and material preparations
3.5 Assistive Technology (AT) as a UDL Component, Customization, integration and
Personalization with AT, AT Solutions for Multiple Disabilities within UDL

Unit 4: Assistive Technology to Enhance Social Skills, Orientation and Mobility

4.1 Concept, Meaning and Definitions of Social Communication, Orientation and

Mobility
4.2 Prerequisites, Importance, Functions, Types and/or Modes of Communications
4.3 Assistive Listening Devices, Assistive Mobility Devises, Use of Social Media , Use
of Browser
4.4 Technology in Sports, Dance, Drama and Music

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 147
 4.5 AAC, O&M (maintenance of Listening aids, Visual aids, Mobility cane, use of
Wheelchair, Motorized wheelchair, Crutches, Calipers, Artificial limbs, Tri-cycles,
Cars and Other mobility equipment)

Unit 5: Access to Computer

5.1 Orientation to Computers, parts of computers, programmes in computer,
Orientation to use of tablets and mobile phones.
5.2 Development and dissemination of Audio materials and resources, Application of
computer in teaching (digital instructions, CAI) , Introduction to AI
5.3 Application of technology in the classroom (smart board, Portable reading devices,
Magnifiers, CCTV voice output devices)
5.4 Alternate input devises (Sensors, Joy sticks, Switches, Mouse, Key board, Head
pointers, Touch screen, Eye gazer, Optical recognition software, Tactile diagrams,
Digital Accessible Information Systems (DAISY)
5.5 Alternate out put options (Screen magnification, Screen reader, Refreshable Braille
display, Braille embosser, Mobile screen reader tools)

Transaction: Lecture-cum-Demonstration, Group assignments, Discussion, Assignments and Tests

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

• To develop an appropriate assistive device and teach the clients assigned for IEP
• To develop computer programme with suitable input and output mechanism which suits
for the IEP client
• To develop AAC and teach the client assigned for IEP
• Case studies demonstrating successful integration of AT within UDL environments.
Highlight best practices and success stories where AT has significantly enhanced UDL
implementation for individuals with diverse needs.

Recommended Readings
• Angelo. J. (1997). Assistive Technology for Rehabilitation Therapist. Buffalo, New
York.
• Cook, M.A., & Hussey. M.S. (1995). Assistive Technology Principles and Practice.
Mosby Inc.
• Das, R. C. (1992). Educational Technology: A Basic Text New. Sterling, New Delhi.
• Dececco, J.P. (1964). Educational Technology. HRW, New York.
• Fisk .J.R. (2008). AAOS Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices. Elsevier Inc.
• Jonge. D., Scherer. M. J., & Rodger.S. (2007). Assistive technology in the Work Place.
[Link].
• Juice, B., & Weil, M., (2003). Models of Teaching, 5th Ed. Prentice Hall India Pvt. Ltd,
NewDelhi.
• Sampath, K., Panneer, A. S., & Santhanam, S. (1984). Introduction to Educational
Technology. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
• Sense International India (2017). Handbook on Deafblindness. Ahmedabad India
• Aggarwal, J.C. (2006). Essentials of educational technology: Teaching and learning,
• Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi.
• Rao, U. (2001). Educational technology. Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.
• Sharma, R.A. (1983). Technology of Teaching. International, Meerut.
• Thomas, W.K. (1999). Assistive Technology Essential Human Factors. Allyn &
Baccon, Boston

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 148
• Lancioni GE, Sigafoos J, O Reilly MF, Singh NN (2012) Assistive Technology:
Interventions for Individuals with Severe/Profound and Multiple Disabilities. New York:
Springer.
• Lancioni GE, Singh NN (2014) Assistive technologies for people with diverse abilities.
New York: Springer.
• CBM-MSJE directory of assistive devices by CBM

Web based reading

 [Link]
sters

 [Link]

 [Link]

 [Link]

 [Link]
through-disabilitytech/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiA4NWrBhD-
ARIsAFCKwWvy_7fH-cf4xnRquX4YLVG4l9acNlhmrViEwIZ4PGqosr9-
ABf9jDMaArbtEALw_wcB

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 149
 Psychosocial and Family Issues

Course code: C5 (MD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction:
The Learner should gain knowledge about the importance of a Family Centred approach in teaching
and working with a person with MD. They should also acquire knowledge about Community-
Based intervention strategies. The learner will be understanding psychological, social, and familial
dimensions surrounding individuals with multiple disabilities, with an aim to provide insights into
the holistic support required for individuals and their families facing the challenges associated with
multiple disabilities.

Objectives

After completing the course learners will be able to

 Understand the concept of attitude, stress and the coping strategies of PWD and
their families.
 Comprehend the role of family.
 Explore the various support systems to implement family empowerment programme
 Acquire knowledge on community resources.
 Acquire knowledge on accessibility.

Unit 1: Attitudes and Stress

1.1 Attitudes of self (PWD), family & Community, Child Protection Policy, POCSO Act
1.2 Attitude change and basic theories (cognitive dissonance theory)
1.3 Stress, definition & theories
1.4 Coping with stress - Psycho social methods
1.5 Assessment of emotional reactions (emotional assessment scale )

Unit 2: Role of family

2.1 Family definitions, types, dynamics
2.2 Roles and responsibilities, communication systems
2.3 Family empowerment strategies
2.4 Family pathology-disability
2.5 Family as a support system

Unit 3: Working with Family having Children with multiple Disability

3.1 Disability -- Poverty & Poverty alleviation programme
3.2 Home-based training programme and Parent training programme
3.3 Local Level Committee/ Group Homes/ Respite Care
3.4 Parent guidance and counseling service
3.5 Parents association/ Support group- Objectives and Mission

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 150
Unit 4: Community Resource Mobilization
4.1 Assessment of Community needs & CBR Matrix
4.2 Formation of Organisation of persons with Disabilities- OPDs / Leadership training,
Self Help Group/ Political participation
4.3 Resource Mobilization-Family resource and community resource
4.4 Networking Multi sectorial linkage - National and International
4.5 CSR/ Public Private Partnership

Unit 5: Access
5.1 Barrier free Environment & Universal design
5.2 Ergonomics -Work station, public places
5.3 Educational and architectural adaptation
5.4 Independent/ Assistive Living
5.5 Information and Communication - Website/ Open source

Transaction: Lecture-cum-Demonstration, Group assignments, Discussion, Assignments

and Tests

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

Recommended Readings

 Baine, D. (1988). Handicapped Children in Developing Countries: Assessment

Curriculum and instruction. University of Alberta printing services.
 Balram, S. (2003). Universal Design: A new Paradigm. National Consultation on
Biwako Millennium Framework for Action Towards an Inclusive barrier free
and Rights based society for Persons with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific.
 Baroff, G.S. (1986). Mental Retardation: nature, causes and management.
Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. Washington.
 Bharava, M. (2004). Exceptional Children. H.P. Bhargava Book House, Agra.
 Browder, M.D. (2000). Assessment of Individual with Severe Handicap.
Panl H. Brookes Publishing Co. Baltimore
 Corker, M., & French, S. (1999). Disability Discourse. Open University
press, Buckingham.
 Dever, R.B. (1988). Community Living Skills: A taxonomy. In Begab,
M.J.(Eb). AAMR Monographs. American Association on Mental Retardation,
Washington DC.
 Helander, E., Mendis P., Nelson G., & Goerdt, A. (1989). Training in the
community for people with Disability, WHO, Geneva.
 Hurlock, A.B. (1990). Developmental Psychology- A life span approach, Tata
Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi
 Jeychandran, P., & Vimala, V. (1992). MDPS, Vijay Human Services, Chennai.
 Jha, M.M. (2002). School without walls: Inclusive Education for All.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 151
 Heinemann, Oxford.
 Kebel, D. (1997). The management of Anxiety, B 1 Churchill Livingstone, New
Delhi.
 Kerlinger, F.N. (2004), Foundation of Behavioral Research. Surjeet Publications.
New Delhi.
 Mohapatra, C.S. (2004). Disability Management in India: Challenge and
Commitments. NIMH, Secunderabd.
 Narayan, J., Myreddi, V., Reddy, S., & Rajgopal, P (1995). FACP,
NIMH, Secunderabd.
 Narayan, J., & Menon, D.K. (1989). Organization of special class in a regular
school, NIMH, Secunderabd.
 Pahl, J., & Quire, L. (1987). Families and Mental Retardation. Johns Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore.
 Panda. K.C. (1988). Exceptional Children. Vikas Publications, New Delhi.
 Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full
Participation) Act. (1995). Government of India, Ministry of social justice &
Empowerment, New Delhi.
 Peshawaria et al., (1995). Understanding Indian Families having Persons with
Mental Retardation. NIMH, Secunderabd.
 Rioux, M.H., & Mohit, A. (2005). Human Rights Disability and Law. National
Human Rights Commission, New Delhi.
 Sense International India (2017). Handbook on Deafblindness. Ahmedabad India
 Tomilson, S. (1982). A Sociology of Special Education. Routleadge and Kegan
Paul. London.
 Turnbull, A.P. and Turnbull, H.R. (1986). Families, professionals and
exceptionality: A special Partnership. Ohio: Mrerill, Columbus.
 Turnbull, A.P., & Schulz, J.B.(1979). Mainstreaming handicapped students: A
guide for the classroom teacher. Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Boston.
 World Health Organization. (1992). International Classification of Diseases, 10th
Edition (ICD-10). W.H.O., Geneva.
Web based reading

 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 152
 AREA C
DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Specific Learning Disability (SLD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 153
 ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS

Course Code: C1 (SLD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

This course is planned to orient and educate the learners in understanding the condition of Learning
Disability (SLD), the various types of SLD, and acquiring the skills of assessment in different
domains and curricular areas, and diagnosing the condition. Along with the exposure to the
standardized tools of assessment, the informal assessment tools are introduced. The skills in
development and use of these tools will help them in conducting comprehensive assessment for
programme planning.

Objectives
After completing the course, the learners will be able to
• Discuss the concept, the history, causes and manifestations of SLD
• Describe and differentiate among different types of SLD
• Describe the various assessment tools used for assessment of SLD
• Develop tools and conduct assessment of SLD in various domains
•Develop tools and conduct assessment of SLD in various curricular areas

Unit 1: Introduction to Specific Learning Disability (SLD)

1.1 History of SLD (International and National)
1.2 Definition (NJCLD, 2022 and RPwD, 2016)
1.3 Prevalence of SLD
1.4 Etiology of SLD- medical and social; co-morbidity of SLD with ADHD
1.5 Implications of SLD as an invisible disability; myths, and misconceptions

Unit 2: Types of SLD

Characteristics of the following across the life span
2.1 Reading
2.2 Writing
2.3 Mathematics
Characteristics and educational implications of
2.4 Dyspraxia; Developmental aphasia
2.5 Non-verbal LD

Unit 3: Assessment of SLD

3.1 Concept of screening and identification; differential diagnosis
3.2 Identification criteria – Latest DSM
3.3 Types of assessment tools – Criterion referenced tests, norm referenced tests, teacher made
tests (TMTs), curriculum based tests, curriculum based assessments, curriculum based
measurements, portfolios, checklists, rating scales, anecdotal records, observation schedules

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 154
 3.4 Standardised / Formal tools – Screening tools (BCSLD, DALI, PRASHAST), IQ assessment
(WISC, SPM, CPM), Diagnostic (DTLD, DTRD, Aston Index, NIMHANS SLD Index),
Achievement (GLAD, WRAT)
3.5 Guidelines and procedure for assessment of SLD for certification in India

Unit 4: Domains of Assessment

4.1 Motor
4.2 Perceptual
4.3 Cognitive
4.4 Social-Emotional
4.5 Language

Unit 5: Assessment of Curricular Areas

5.1 Readiness skills
5.2 Reading (accuracy, reading comprehension, and fluency)
5.3 Spelling
5.4 Writing (hand writing and written expression)
5.5 Mathematics (number sense, language, maths facts, computation, problem solving)

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

• Review a movie or documentary on SLD to understand the condition
• Develop TMTs to assess various domains and curricular areas
• Diagnose the needs of the students based on case profiles

Recommended Readings
 Bender, W. (2008). Learning Disabilities: Characteristics, Identification, and Teaching
Strategies, Ohio:Pearson/Allyn and Bacon
 Hayes,A.M., Dombrowski, E., Shefcyk, A., and Bulat.,J (2018). Learning Disabilities
Screening and Evaluation Guide for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. RTI Press
Publication No. OP-0052-1804. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI
Press. [Link]
 Jena, S.P.K. (2013). Specific Learning Disabilities: Theory to Practice. Sage Publications,
New Delhi
 Kapur, M., John, A., Rozario, J., & Oommen, A. (2002). NIMHANS Index of Specific
Learning Disabilities, NIMHANS, Bangalore.
 Karanth, P., & Rozario, J. (2003). Learning disabilities in India willing the mind to learn.
Sage, New Delhi.
 Lee. S H., Harris Karen R., & Graham, S. (2003). Handbook of Learning Disabilities. The
Guilford Press, New York.
 Lerner, J. W. , & Beverely.j (2014). Learning Disabilities and Related Disabilities:
Strategies for Success, New York: Cengage Learning
 Nakra, O. (2023). Children and Learning Difficulties. Allied Publishers.
 Raj, F. (2010). Breaking Through – A hand book for parents and teachers of children with
specific learning disabilities. Vifa Pub, Secunderabad.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 155
 Reddy L. G., Ramaa, R., & Kusuma, A. (2000).Learning Disabilities: A practical Guide to
Practitioners. Discovery Publishers, New Delhi.
 Venkateshwarlu, D. (2005). Diagnosis and remediation of mathematical difficulties. Neel
Kamal publications, New Delhi.

[Link]
[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 156
 CURRICULUM DESIGNING, ADAPTATION AND EVALUATION

Course Code: C2 (SLD) Credit: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
The thrust of this course is on comprehending the key ideas related to curriculum, curriculum
designing, curriculum adaptation, and curriculum evaluation.
The first unit is about different designs of curriculum wherein the UDL needs to be looked at from
the inclusive education perspective. The second unit needs to be studied as the emphasis is on
inclusion, hence curriculum hierarchies are essential to be understood. Unit three and four are about
instructional planning and adaptations that will benefit students with Specific Learning Disability.
Unit five is on evaluation where different kinds of evaluation must be studied, to be able to choose
the appropriate tool for evaluation.

Objectives
After completing the course, the learners will be able to
• Describe the principles, types, and areas of curriculum
• Discuss the structure and scope of the content across various curricular areas and subjects
• Demonstrate the different ways of planning instruction
• Demonstrate skills in applying different adaptations for inclusive education
• Make effective use of different forms of evaluation

Unit 1: Curriculum Designing

1.1 Curriculum: Meaning and elements; difference between curriculum and syllabus
1.2 Types of curricula - Core, collateral, support, hidden, subject centered, learner centered,
learning centered
1.3 Curriculum design: Concept and definition
1.4 Principles of curriculum design
1.5 Principles of an inclusive curriculum design

Unit 2: Curriculum Hierarchies

2.1 Reading (English and any regional language)
2.2 Writing
2.3 Mathematics
2.4 Science
2.5 Social studies

Unit 3: Instructional designing and planning

3.1 Instructional design: Meaning and steps (ADDIE Model, and Dick and Carey Model)
3.2 Instructional planning: meaning and steps
3.3 Instructional planning: pyramid plan, unit plan, and lesson plan design
3.4 Taxonomies of learning – Cognitive (Bloom’s and Anderson’s), Psychomotor & Affective
3.5 Instructional models – Direct instruction, Explicit direct instruction, Gradual release of
responsibility, 5E instructional model

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 157
Unit 4: Adaptation, Modification, Accommodation
4.1 Definition and concept of adaptation, modification, accommodation; implications for
students with SLD
4.2 Environmental adaptations – nature and types; Curriculum adaptations - Principles and steps
of adaptation
4.3 Differentiated instruction – Meaning, process, and strategies
4.4 Individualised Education Programme/Plan - Need, scope, and process of development
4.5 Examination Provisions - CBSE, ICSE, IB, IGCSE, NIOS and various state boards.

Unit 5: Evaluation
5.1 Evaluation- Concept and scope (curriculum evaluation and student evaluation)
5.2 Curriculum evaluation types (formative, summative, diagnostic) and their purpose
5.3 Factors in curriculum evaluation
5.4 Tools for
5.4.1 Programme evaluation
5.4.2 Process evaluation
5.4.3 Student evaluation
5.5 Evaluation of IEP as a curriculum – factors and key considerations

Transaction
Experiential method, discussion, debates, connecting with teachers, undertaking surveys etc. will
give the student-teachers perspectives on this course. Collaborations with general education
teachers for inputs in unit two will be helpful to understand the scope of the curriculum that a
student with SLD needs to access in different subject areas.

Coursework/ Practical/ Field Engagement

• Adapt a lesson according to the needs of the identified student/class
• Plan a differentiated lesson for a given class
 Conduct a survey to understand the challenges teachers face in curriculum transaction
 Review existing lesson plans to identify the incorporation of various taxonomies of learning

Recommended Readings
• Angela, L., & Angela, S. (2011). Alternative Approaches to Assessing Young
 Children, Second Edition. Brookes Publishing Company, Baltimore.
• Hodkinson, A., & Vickerman, P. (2009). Key issues in special educational needs and
 inclusion. SAGE, Los Angeles.
 Jones, S. (2000). Accommodation and modifications for students with hand writing
problems and/or dysgraphia
 Joyce, S. C. (2003). Successful Inclusive Teaching: Proven Ways to Detect and
 Correct Special Needs. Pearson, London.
• Joyce, S. C. et al., (1987).Assessing and programming basic curriculum skills. Allyn
 & Bacon, Boston.
• Margo, A. M., & Thomas E. S. (2009). The Inclusive Classroom: Strategies for
 Effective Differentiated Instruction. Pearson, London.
• Karten, T. J. (2010). Inclusion strategies that work! Research-Based Methods for the

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 158
  classroom. Corwin, California.
• William, N. B. (2007). Differentiating Instruction for Students With Learning
 Disabilities: Best Teaching Practices for General and Special Educators. Corwin,
 California

[Link]
content/uploads/2017/07/CLD_EL_LD_Reading2016-[Link]
[Link]/training/[Link]
[Link]/Id_indepth/writing/dysgraphia/
[Link]
[Link]/Id_indepth/writing/dysgraphia

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 159
 Intervention and Teaching Strategies

Course Code: C3 (SLD) Credit: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
This course will provide insight into the conceptual framework of the area of educational
interventions. It will familiarize the learners with the strategies approaches and tools of assessment
and seeks to develop an understanding of how interventions in the areas affected can be
instrumental in enhancing performance. The course will prepare the student-teachers in helping
children with learning disabilities by developing appropriate strategies and intervention plans for
them. This will prepare them to work with students in clinical as well as classroom set-ups and arm
them with programmes for assessment, goal setting, reviewing and reporting the success of the
intervention targets.

Objectives
After completing the course, the learners will be able to
• Explain the purpose and define the principles of educational intervention.
• Demonstrate the use of the intervention and teaching strategies in the process areas
• Demonstrate the use of the intervention and teaching strategies in the various curricular
(reading, writing, mathematics) areas
• Demonstrate the use of the intervention and teaching strategies in the area of life skills

Unit 1: Conceptual Framework of Educational Intervention

1.1 Definition, purpose, scope, and principles of educational intervention
1.2 Educational intervention: gap analysis and linkages with demands of school curriculum
(Diagnostic Prescriptive Teaching)
1.3 Steps of intervention
1.4 Cascade of services and Response to Intervention
1.5 Issues and ethics in educational intervention

Unit 2: Educational Interventions for Processing Deficit (strategies and techniques)

2.1 Attention
2.2 Perception
2.3 Memory
2.4 Thinking
2.5 Meta-cognition

Unit 3: Reading and Writing Interventions

3.1 Principles of intervention in reading and writing
3.2 Strategies for developing word recognition skills, fluency and comprehension
3.3 Strategies for developing handwriting, spelling and written expression
3.4 Strategies for Reading and writing across the curriculum
3.5 Strategies for differentiation and inclusion in the classroom

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 160
Unit 4: Interventions for Mathematics
4.1 Principles for interventions in mathematics
4.2 Strategies for developing mathematical concepts
4.3 Strategies for developing computation, automaticity [timed tasks] and application
4.4 Strategies for problem solving
4.5 Accommodations [calculators, computers] in the mainstream classroom

Unit 5: Intervention in Life Skills - strategies and techniques for

5.1 Developing social skills - Social competencies, self-regulation, and self-advocacy
5.2 Developing study skills
5.3 Developing 21st century skills - Collaboration, communication, creativity, critical thinking
5.4 Soft skills - Presenting self, time management, decision making, mindfulness
5.5 Preparation for independent living; Career planning, leisure and recreation
Transaction
This course will be dealt with using lectures followed by projects in specific processing
deficits and specific curricular deficits. Assignments, in order to align the strategies of
intervention to the curriculum across grades can be taken up. Presentations based on
educational intervention for a specific child can be examined. Discussion on issues in
intervention and goal setting for educational intervention can be organized. The use and
success of specific strategies and teaching technique can be observed during field work.
Actual demonstration of the techniques can be provided to ensure hands on experience.

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

• Prepare an educational intervention plan/tool for a given process
• Prepare an educational intervention plan/tool for a given skill
• Plan a parental meet to discuss the intervention goals
• Collaborate with a specific subject teacher to set an intervention goal
• Conduct a workshop for mainstream teachers on educational interventions/classroom
strategies

Recommended Readings
 Bird, R. (2013). The Dyscalculia Toolkit: Supporting Learning Difficulties in Maths.
 Sage, Los Angeles.
 Cummings, C. (2000). Winning Strategies for Classroom Management Teaching.
 Book News, Inc., Portland.
 Das, J. P. (2009). Reading difficulties and dyslexia: An interpretation for teachers.
 Sage Publications, New Delhi.
 Harwell, J. M., & Jackson, R, W. (2008). The Complete Learning Disabilities
 Handbook: Ready-to-Use Strategies and Activities for Teaching Students with
 Learning Disabilities. Jossey Bass Inc, San Francisco.
 Karten, T, J. (2007). More Inclusion Strategies that work- aligning student strength with
standards. Corwin Press, CA.
 Lee. S H., Harris K, R., & Graham, S. (2003). Handbook of Learning Disabilities.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 161
 The Guilford Press, New York.
 Lerner, J. W. (2011). Learning Disabilities. Houghton Mifflin Brookes, Boston.
 Martin, L, C. (2009). Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities:
 Corwin Press, CA.
 Mather, N., & Goldstein, S. (2001). Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviors:
 A Guide to Intervention and Classroom Management, Brookes Publishing Company,
 Baltimore.
 Narayan, J. (2002). Educating children with learning problems in the primary school.
 NIMH, Secunderabad.
 Pandey J., & Thapa K. (2008). Perspectives on learning disabilities in India: Current
 practices and prospects. Sage Publications, New Delhi.
 Raj, F (2010) Breaking Through – A hand book for parents and teachers of children
 with specific learning disabilities, Vifa Publication, Secunderabad.
 Reddy L. G., Ramaa R., & Kusuma, A. (2000) Learning Disabilities: a practical
 Guide to Practitioners. Discovery Publishers, New Delhi.
 Tomlinson, C, A. (1999). The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of
 All Learners. ASCD, Alexandria.
 Venkateswanshu, D. (2005). Diagnosis and remediation of mathematical difficulties.
 Neel Kamal publications, New Delhi.
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 162
 ICT & Assistive Technology

Course Code: C4 (SLD) Credit: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
This course covers the integration of technology in the teaching learning process of the students
with Specific Learning Disability. The focus of the course must be on what the technology device or
software does for the individual/student not on the device itself. The units progress from
understanding the meaning scope, to the use of technology for teaching and learning and ends with
the issues that one faces while dealing with technology.

Objectives
After completing the course, the learners will be able to
• Explain the meaning, scope, and use of technology
• Describe the application of technology
• Use the various types of technology for presenting, engaging and engaging students with SLD in
classrooms
• Discuss the trends and issues related to the use of technology

Unit 1: Concept of Technology

1.1 Meaning, need and significance of technology in education of children with SLD
1.2 ICT : Meaning and scope
1.3 Assistive technology (AT): Meaning and scope
1.4 Role & use of AT for children with SLD
1.5 Technology integration vs technology use in the curriculum

Unit 2: Application of Technology

2.1 Implications of use of technology for inclusion
2.2 Application of Technology for lesson planning, creating worksheets, report writing
2.3 SETT (Student, Environment, Task and Tools) Framework and quality indicators of AT
2.4 Computer assisted instructions and Computer managed instructions
2.5 Cybernetics, E-Learning, use of internet and web search

Unit 3: Technology for Content Presentation & Expression (Input and Output)
3.1 Content Presentation & Expression: Concept & scope
3.2 Visual mode- Large print displays, alternative colours to the screen, colour coding, smart
boards, Multimedia Presentations, screen magnifiers
3.3 Auditory mode - text to voice, screen readers, FM Listening Systems, podcast
3.4 Cognitive – graphic organisers
3.5 Consideration for selection of tools – no tech, low tech, high tech, low cost,
high cost

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 163
Unit 4: Technology for Classroom Engagement
4.1 Classroom engagement – Meaning and components
4.2 Reading, Writing & Mathematics - Talking books, recorder, optical character recognition ,
speech recognition systems, alternative writing surfaces , pencil grips , podcast, proof reading
software, talking calculators, electronic math worksheets, fluidity software
4.3 Organising - Sticky notes, highlighter pens, or highlighter tape, graphic organisers, digital
organisers
4.4 Types of programmes - Drill & practice, simulations, games, tutorial
4.5 Consideration for selection of programmes and tools in an inclusive class

Unit 5: Trends & Issues in Using Technology

4.1 Digital natives & digital immigrants
4.2 From isolation to inclusion
4.3 Parent/family involvement
4.4 Cyber safety
4.5 Evaluation of impact of technology– Social, ethical, and human

Transaction
Transaction for all units must be through experiential learning, discussion, debate, research &
review, design and problem solve, colloquia (with instructional designers, software developers).

Coursework/ Practical/ Field Engagement

• Develop low cost material for presentation (for teachers)
• Develop low cost material for engagement
• Develop low cost material for expression
• Conduct a survey on the kind of assistive technology used in the schools for students with Specific
Learning Disability and present the findings

Essential Readings
• Amy, G. D., & Deborah, N. (2011). Assistive Technology in the Classroom:Enhancing the School
Experiences of Students with Disabilities. Pearson, London.
• Dian, P. B., & Brian R. B. (2011). Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities.
Pearson, London.
• Joan, G. (2011). The Ultimate Guide to Assistive Technology in Special Education:
Resources for Education, Intervention, and Rehabilitation. Prufrock Press Inc., Texas.
• Kimberly, S. V. (2005). Teaching by Design: Using Your Computer to Create Materials for
Students with Learning Differences. Woodbine House, Bethesda.
• Cook, A.M., & Polgar, J.M. (2012). Essentials of Assistive Technologies. Mosby, Missouri.
• Lever-Duffy, J., & McDonald. J. (2010). Teaching and Learning with Technology. Pearson,
London.
• Newby, T.J. (2010). Educational Technology for Teaching and Learning (4th Edition).
Pearson, London.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 164
Senjam , S. S.(Ed. ) (2021). An Introduction to Assistive Technology. United Kingdom: Nova
Science Publishers.
• West. T.G. (2009). In the Mind's Eye: Creative Visual Thinkers, Gifted Dyslexics, and
the Rise of Visual Technologies. Prometheus Books, New York.

[Link]
learning-disabilities-overview
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 165
 Psycho-Social and Family Issues

Course Code: C5 (SLD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
This course gives an overview of psychosocial domains, stages, characteristics and manifestations
of psychosocial behaviours of a child with SLD at home and in community settings. It also deals
with family dynamics and parenting styles that have a bearing on the upbringing of the child with
SLD. and parent empowerment. It also lays stress on the importance of stress management, family
counselling and social and emotional wellbeing.

Objectives
After completing the course, the learners will be able to
• Explain the concept of psychosocial domain, and psychosocial issues in children with SLD
• Discuss the challenges experienced by the families and solutions to deal with them
• Explain the challenges experienced by adolescents with SLD
• Discuss the various approaches to interventions of psychosocial concerns
• Discuss the strategies for nurturing social emotional wellbeing of a child with SLD

Unit 1: Overview of Psycho-social domain

1.1 Psychosocial domains- Meaning and components (Cognitive, Affective, Social)
1.2 Stages of psychosocial development (up to adolescence)
1.3 Psycho-social characteristics of children with SLD at different stages of psychosocial
development
1.4 Manifestations of psychosocial behaviour of a child with SLD at home, school and society
1.5 Impact of attitudes of society on children with SLD

Unit 2: Family Dynamics

2.1 Family structure and its functioning
2.2 Parenting styles and home environment
2.3 Needs and concerns of child with SLD
2.4 Needs, concerns, role of family
2.5 Empowering Parents- Resource management, legal provisions

Module 3: Adolescents with SLD

3.1 Physiological Changes: Implication for psychosocial development
3.2 Sexuality and relationships
3.3 Socialisation
3.4 Higher education
3.5 Career choices

Unit 4: Intervention Approaches

4.1 Contemporary behavioural intervention approaches
4.2 Cognitive behavioural approaches

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 166
4.3 Parent training approaches
4.4 Social Emotional Learning (SEL) approach
4.5 Schoolwide systems approach

Unit 4: Strategies for Nurturing Social Emotional Wellbeing

4.1 Strategies for developing positive self-concept
4.2 Social skill training
4.3 Stress management
4.4 Family counselling
4.5 Networking and liaising with students, parents, community and NGO’s

Transaction
This paper should be taught through review of research papers, seminars, discussions, debates,
presentations, YouTube videos and movies to understanding of the issues at hand.

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

• Observe and identify psycho-social problems of any student with SLD during school
internship programme. Give detailed description along with intervention performed.
• Design a scrap book on news related to psycho-social issues among children with
SLD. Analyse them and present a report with detailed write-up.
• Collect and compile articles on interventions for psychosocial issues from various
sources and present them in class

Recommended Readings
• Hurlock, E. B. (2002). Developmental Psychology. Tata Mc Graw –Hill, New Delhi.
• Paley, S. (2012). Promoting positive behaviour when supporting people with a learning
disability and people with autism. Los Angeles. Sage,

[Link]
hearts-and-minds-emotional
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 167
 AREA C
DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION COURSES
Visual Impairment (VI)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 168
 Identification of Children with Visual Impairment and Assessment of Needs

Course Code: C1 (VI) Credits: 02 Duration: 60 Hrs

Introduction
We cannot treat child as ‘a pair of young eyes’. We need to understand the whole child, including
his feelings and needs. Having understood the psychological and sociological implications of visual
impairment, the learners should be more empathetic to the needs of the visually impaired and
address them appropriately in diverse educational settings. There are many eye conditions each with
different educational and social implications. The infant must ‘see to learn’ and therefore a visually
impaired infant must ‘learn to see’. The course will enable the trainees to be able to identify
children who are at risk for visual impairment. The trainees will be able to understand the functional
vision assessment and other psychological tests which are crucial and important. The course also
focuses on needs and assessment of visually impaired children with additional or associated
disabilities.

Objectives
After completing the course student-teachers will be able to
 Describe the process of seeing including structure of eye and common eye defects.
 Explain the etiology of visual impairment.
 Analyse the implications of visual impairment and identify their needs.
 Develop skills to identify and assess children with visual impairment.
 Describe the needs and develop skills to assess children with visual impairment and
additional/associated disabilities (VIAD).

Unit 1: Understanding Vision and Visual Impairment

1.1 Process of seeing with basic concept of Refraction, visual acuity, visual field, fusion, depth
perception, etc.
1.2 Structure & function of eye
1.3 Visual perception and psychological aspects of vision
1.4 Concept and definitions of blindness and low vision (WHO & RPwD Act, 2016)
1.5 Development of vision in child (from birth)

Unit 2: Common Eye Disorders & Visual Impairment

2.1 Loss of Visual acuity, visual field, colour vision and contrast sensitivity
2.2 Different Refractive Errors
2.3 Vitamin-A deficiency, Cataract, Glaucoma, Corneal ulcer, trachoma and other infectious
diseases
2.4 Strabismus, Nystagmus & Amblyopia
2.5 Disorders related to receptive aspects: Albinism, Retinal detachment, Retinitis pigmentosa,
Retinopathy of prematurity, Cortical Visual Impairment, Optic atrophy and macular
degeneration, etc.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 169
Unit 3: Implications of Visual Impairment (Low Vision & Blindness)
3.1 Implications of visual impairment: Psycho-social & Educational
3.2 Factors affecting implications of visual impairment: Age of onset, degree of vision, type of
vision loss, prognosis, and socio-economic status of the family
3.3 Effect of visual impairment on growth and development: Physical, Motor, Language,
Socio-emotional, and Cognitive development
3.4 Educational needs of the students with visual impairment: personal, Educational, Social,
Emotional and Vocational aspects
3.5 Coping strategies to overcome the implications of visual impairment (low vision &
blindness).

Unit 4: Identification and Assessment of Visual Impairment

4.1 Identification of Visual Impairment: Role of Teachers and Screening Checklists for
Teachers
4.2 Clinical assessment of vision – Concept, need, procedure and interpretation.
4.3 Functional assessment of vision: Concept, need and methods
4.4 Psychological Assessment for of the students with visual impairment: Different adapted
tests
4.5 Tools of functional assessment of vision and skills Functional skills inventory for the blind
(FSIB), Low Vision Assessment by Jill Keeffe, Lea tests, and Portfolio assessment

Unit 5: Assessment of Needs of Children with VIAD (Visually Impaired with Associated
Disabilities)
5.1 Definition, Concept and etiology of VIAD
5.2 Impact of VIAD on growth and development
5.3 Challenges faced by VIAD
5.4 Screening, and identification of Visually Impaired children with associated disabilities
5.5 Multidisciplinary assessment of VIAD

Suggested Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

 Present a seminar on implications of visual impairment on the personality of the visually
impaired
 Use checklists prepared by national level organisations (NCERT, NIEPVD or others) for
identification of vision related problems
 Prepare material on early indicators of visual impairment and prevention of visual
impairment
 Supervised use of tests: eg. Vithoba Paknikar Performance Test, A short Scale IQ measure
for the visually impaired based on WISC-R, Adapted EPQ, Adapted Blind Learning
Aptitude Test, Concept development for blind children, Reading Preference Test, Cornell
Medical Index for Visually Handicapped Children.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 170
Recommended Readings:

 Barraga, N. C. (1980). Sequences of Visual Development. University of Texas, Austin.

 Bhan, S., & Swarup, S. (2010). Functional Skills Inventory for the Blind. National
Association for the Blind. Mumbai.
 Bhandari, R., & Narayan J. (2009).Creating learning opportunities: a step by step guide to
teaching students with vision impairment and additional disabilities, including
deafblindness. India: Voice and vision.
 Holbrook, M. C., & Koenig, A. J. (2000). Foundations of Education, Vol I: History and
Theory of Teaching Children and Youths with Visual Impairments. AFB Press, New York.
 Hyvarinen, L., & Jacob N. (2011).What and how does this child see: assessment of visual
functioning for development and learning. Vistest Ltd., Finland.
 Kumar, P. (2018). Alp Drishti Bachhe (Hindi). Delhi: S R Publising House
 Kundu, C.L. (2000). Status of Disability in India. RCI, New Delhi.
 Leat, S.J., Shute R.H., & Westall, C.A. (1999). Assessing children’s vision: A handbook.
Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
 Mani, M.N.G. (1992). Concept development of blind children. SRK Vidyalaya, Coimbatore.
 Mani, M.N.G. (2001). Reading Preference Test (REPT) for Children with Low Vision.
Coimbatore: International Human Resource Development Centre for the Disabled.
 Mukhopadhyay, S., Mani, M.N.G., RoyChoudary, M., & Jangira, N.K. (1988). Source Book
for Training Teachers of Visually Impaired. NCERT, New Delhi.
 National Institute for the Visually Handicapped (1990). Handbook for Teachers of the Blind.
NIVH, Dehradun.
 NIEPVD (2020). Effective Schools for Students with Visual Disabilities (Quality Indicators
and Parameters). NIVH Dehradun. Retrieved online on 22/11/2023 from
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2022). Expanded Core Curriculum (Hindi) Vistarit Mool Pathchariya. National
Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2023). Screening Checklist for Vision Difficulties in Students . National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 1. National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
 NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 2. National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
 Scholl, G. T. (1986). Foundations of the education for blind and visually handicapped
children and youth: Theory and Practice. AFB Press, New York.
 Singh, T.B. (1986). A short Scale I.Q Measure for the Visually Handicapped. NIVH.
Dehradun.
 Singh, T.B. (1986). Eyssenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) for the Visually
Handicapped. NIVH. Dehradun.
 Singh, T.B. (1986).Standardisation of Cornell Medical Index on Visually Handicapped
children. NIVH, Dehradun.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 171
 Singh, T.B., & Sati, G. (1992). Use of Blind Learning Aptitude Test as a performance
measure for the assessment of Visually Handicapped Children in India. NIVH, Dehradun.
 Warren, D.H. (1983). Blindness and Early Childhood Development. AFB Press. New York.

 Punani, B., & Rawal, N. (1993). Handbook: Visual Impairment. Ashish Publishing House,
New Delhi.
 Bright Hub Education. (2012). Identifying Students with Visual Impairment.
Retrieved from [Link]
early-signs-of-visual-impairment-in-a-child/

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 172
 Curriculum, Adaptation and Strategies for Teaching Expanded Curriculum

Course Code: C2 (VI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction
The curriculum is the heart of any educational system. As is the curriculum, so is the educative
process. This course will provide basic understanding of the concept of curriculum approaches to
curriculum development. The course content shows a strong commitment to the notion that children
with visual impairment should have access to the regular core curriculum for which they need to
learn an expanded core curriculum unique to visual impairment. Apart from that certain curricular
adaptations and modifications are required to be done to enable the students to access visually
oriented concepts. Adapted physical education and creative arts also form a part of this course of
study.

Objectives
After completing the course student-teachers will be able to
 Define curriculum, its types and explain its importance.
 Demonstrate techniques of teaching functional academic skills.
 Explain importance and components of independent living skills.
 Explain curricular adaptations with reasonable accommodations.
 Illustrate how physical education and creative arts activities can be adapted for the children
with visual impairment.

Unit 1: Concept and Types of Curriculum

1.1 Concept, Meaning and need for curriculum
1.2 Curricular approaches in Special Education – developmental, functional, eclectic and
universal design for learning approach
1.3 Types of Curriculum – need based, knowledge based, activity based, skill based and hidden
curriculum
1.4 Curriculum Planning, Implementation and Evaluation: Role of Special teachers of the
visually impaired
1.5 Introduction to Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) - Meaning, Need and Components

Unit 2: Teaching Functional Academics Skills

2.1 Areas of Functional Academics Skills: Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Concept
Development, Listening, Spatial Awareness and Organizational skills
2.2 Learning media assessment: Meaning, importance, techniques of teaching Braille /Print
2.3 Pre-requisite skills for learning Braille, Abacus, Taylor Frame
2.4 Devices for facilitating academic/classroom activities by children with visual impairment
2.5 Strategies for learning supported with Braille and /or Large Print

Unit 3: Teaching of Independent Living Skills

3.1 Independent living skills – Meaning, Importance, Components

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 173
 3.2 Orientation and Mobility – need and importance, techniques of teaching mobility, sighted
guide and pre-cane, cane techniques and mobility aids
3.3 Daily living skills – assessment of needs and techniques of teaching age appropriate daily
living skills
3.4 Sensory efficiency – importance and procedures for training auditory, tactile, olfactory,
gustatory, kinaesthetic senses and residual vision
3.5 Techniques of teaching social interaction skills, leisure and recreation skills and self -
determination

Unit 4: Curricular Adaptation

4.1 Curricular adaptation – Need, Importance and Process
4.2 Reasonable accommodation – Concept, Need and Planning
4.3 Planning of lessons for teaching Expanded Core Curriculum – Individualized Education
Program writing
4.4 Pedagogical Strategic – Cooperative learning, Peer tutoring, reflective teaching,
multisensory teaching
4.5 Preparation of Teaching Learning Material for ECC – Reading Readiness kit, Flash Cards,
Sensory Kits, and Mobility Maps

Unit 5: Curricular Activities

5.1 Curricular activities: Meaning and need for adaptation.
5.2 Adaptation of physical education activities and Yoga
5.3 Adaptation of Games and Sports – both Indoor and Outdoor
5.4 Creative Recreational and Leisure Activities (eg. Orientation to accessible video games,
adaptation of traditional games)
5.5 Agencies/Organisations promoting – Sports, Culture and Recreation activities for the
Visually Impaired in India

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

 Prepare reading readiness material for pre-school children with visual impairment
 Prepare lesson plans for teaching ECC to children with visual impairment
 Preparation and presentation of a kit to develop sensory efficiency
 Select one chapter from a secondary level text book of your choice and adapt it for learners
with visual impairment /Adapt one diagram and one map from secondary classes into non-
visual format
 Refer adapted sports norms and rules for persons with visual impairment prepared by
various agencies (eg. Indian Blind Sports Association, Chess Federation of India,
Paralympic Committee of India, Abilympics, World Blind Cricket, and others)

Recommended Readings
 Lowenfeld, B. (1971). Our blind children: Growing and learning with them. Charles C.
Thomas, Springfield.
 Aggarwal, J.C. (2005). Curriculum [Link] Publication, New Delhi.
 Arora, V. (2005). Yoga with visually challenged. Radhakrishna Publication, New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 174
 Ashcroft, S. C., & Henderson, F. (1963). Programmed Instruction in Braille. Stanwick
House, Pittsburgh.
 Baratt, S. H. (2008). The special education tool kit. Sage Publication, New Delhi.
 Barraga, N. C. (1986). ‘Sensory Perceptual Development’.in: G.T. Scholl (ed.) Foundations
of the education for blind and visually handicapped children and youth: Theory and Practice.
AFB Press, New York.
 Chapman, E. K. (1978). Visually Handicapped Children and Young People. Routledge and
Kegan Paul, London.
 Cutter, J. (2006). Independent Movement and travel in Blind Children. IAP, North Carolina.
 Dickman, I.R. (1985). Making life more liveable. AFB, New York.
 Dodds, A. (1988). Mobolity training for visually handicapped people. Croom Helm.
London.
 Hodapp, R. M. (1998). Developmental and disabilities: Intellectual, sensory and motor
impairment. Cambridge Uni. Press, New York.
 Jose, R. (1983). Understanding Low Vision. American Foundation for the Blind, New York.
 Kauffman, J.M., & Hallahan, D.P. (1981). Handbook of Special Education. Prentice Hall,
New Delhi
 Kelly, A.V. (1997). The curriculum: theory and practice. Harper and Row, London.
 Kumar, P. (2018). Alp Drishti Bachhe (Hindi). Delhi: S R Publising House
 Lowenfeld, B. (1973). The Visually Handicapped Child in School. John Day Company,
New York.
 Mangal, S. K. (2011) Educating Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special
Education. PHI Learning [Link]., New Delhi.
 Mani, M. N. G. (1992). Techniques of teaching blind children. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
 Mani, M. N. G. (1997). Amazing Abacus. S.R.K. Vidyalaya Colony, Coimbatore.
 Mason, H., & Stephen McCall, S. (2003). Visual Impairment – Access to Education for
Children and Young people. David Fulton Publishers, London.
 Mukhopadhyay, S., Mani, M.N.G., RoyChoudary, M., & Jangira, N.K. (1988). Source Book
for Training Teachers of Visually Impaired. NCERT, New Delhi.
 National Curriculum Framework. (2005). Position paper National focus group in Education
of Children with Special needs. NCERT, New Delhi.
 National Institute for the Visually Handicapped (1990). Handbook for Teachers of the Blind.
NIVH, Dehradun.
 NIEPVD (2020). Effective Schools for Students with Visual Disabilities (Quality Indicators
and Parameters). NIVH Dehradun. Retrieved online on 22/11/2023 from
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2022). Expanded Core Curriculum (Hindi) Vistarit Mool Pathchariya. National
Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 175
 NIEPVD (2023). Screening Checklist for Vision Difficulties in Students . National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 1. National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
 NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 2. National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
 Punani, B., & Rawal, N. (2000). Handbook for Visually Impaired. Blind Peoples’
Association, Ahmedabad.
 Scholl, G. T. (1986). Foundations of the education for blind and visually handicapped
children and youth: Theory and Practice. AFB Press, New York.
 Sharma, R. A. (2011). Curriculum development and instruction. R. Lall Book Depot,
Meerut.
 Status of Disability in India. (2012). Rehabilitation Council of India, New Delhi.
 The expanded Core Curriculum. (2013). Retrieved from http: // [Link]
 Vijayan, P., & Gnaumi, V. (2010). Education of children with low vision. Kanishka
Publication, New Delhi.
 Welsh, R., & Blasch, B. (1980). Foundation Orientation & [Link], New York.
 Wright, L. (2013). The Skills of Blindness: What should students know and when students
know. Retrieved from http:// [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 176
 Intervention and Teaching Strategies

Course Code: C3 (VI) Credits: 04 Hours: 60

Introduction

This course builds on the pedagogy courses presented under A4 and A5 of the present
[Link]. curriculum. It prepares the student-teachers to transact lessons in various school-
subjects for children with visual impairment. For this purpose, the required intervention
and teaching techniques and skills are highlighted.
The student-teachers, it is hoped, will find the course highly stimulating, as it will
enable them to help blind and low vision students to cope effectively with the
challenges of curriculum transaction, at par with their sighted peers.

Objectives
After completing the course student-teachers will be able to
 Explain various theoretical perspectives related to intervention & teaching strategies.
 Demonstrate techniques of teaching Mathematics to visually impaired children.
 Acquire necessary competencies and skills for teaching science and assessment of
the learners with special reference to children with visual impairment.
 Acquire and apply necessary skills for adapting TLM in social science and
assessment of the learners with special reference to children with visual
impairment.
 Describe the process of assessment visual efficiency and classroom
management for children with low vision.

Unit 1: Theoretical Perspectives

1.1 Understanding Teaching Methods, Approaches, Strategies & Tactics
1.2 Intervention – Concept, Scope and Importance
1.3 Intervention for lately blinded students – Role of Special teachers/educators
1.4 Mediated teaching-learning – Concept, Need and Procedure
1.5 Enriched teaching for Concept development: Converting visual concepts
into accessible experiences

Unit 2: Mathematics
2.1 Coping with Mathematics phobias
2.2 Conceptualization of Mathematical ideas – Processes and Challenges for
Children with Visual Impairment
2.3 Preparation and Use of tactile materials
2.4 Mental arithmetic abilities – Concept, Importance and Application
2.5 Evaluation procedures with special reference to the Needs of Children with
Visual Impairment
Unit 3: Science
3.1 Providing first-hand experience in the class and the school environment

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 177
 3.2 Inclusive/collaborative learning for laboratory work
3.3 Science Teaching Learning Materials and Equipment: i) Preparation and use of
TLM, ii) Locating and procuring Science equipment
3.4 Problem solving and Learning by doing approach for Visually Impaired students
3.5 Evaluation procedure with particular reference to Practicals and
Adaptations in Examination questions

Unit 4: Social Science

4.1 Techniques of preparation and presentation of adapted Tactile maps,
Diagrams, and Globe
4.2 Procuring, adapting and use of different types of models
4.3 Organizing field trips
4.4 Teaching Skills: Dramatization, Narration, Explanation, Story-telling, and Role play
4.5 Evaluation of concepts and skills in social science with particular
reference to Geography

Unit 5: Teaching of Children with Low Vision

5.1 Selection of an appropriate medium of reading and writing
5.2 Techniques and procedures for developing reading and writing skills
5.3 Orientation and Mobility for low vision children
5.4 Creating Stimulating Learning Environment for Low Vision; Strategies for
engagement
5.5 Classroom Management – Seating arrangement, adjustable furniture,
illumination, non-reflecting surfaces and colour contrast

Course Work / Practical / Field Engagement

 Prepare and use two teaching learning materials for teaching Maths/ Science/
Social Science.
 Prepare a short concept paper (about 500 words) on developing a science
laboratory for the visually impaired students.
 Functionally assess the vision of a low vision child and plan a teaching programme.

Recommended readings:

 Agrawal, S. (2004). Teaching Mathematics to Blind Students through Programmed

Learning Strategies. Abhijeet Publication, Delhi.
 Bourgeault, S. E. (1969). The Method of Teaching the Blind : The Language Arts.
American Foundation for the Overseas Blind ,Kuala Lumpur.
 Chapman, E. K. (1978). Visually Handicapped Children and Young People.
Routledge, London.
 Fernandez, G., Koening. C., Mani. M.N.G., & Tensi. S. (1999). See with the Blind.
Books for Change, Banglalore.
 Hodapp, R. M. (1998). Developmental Disabilities: Intellectual, Sensory and Motor
Impairment. Cambridge University Press, New York.
 Jose, R. (1983). Understanding Low Vision. American Foundation For The Blind.
New York.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 178
 Kelley, P., & Gale, G. (1998). Towards Excellence: Effective Education for Students with
Vision [Link] Rocks Press, Sydney.
 Kumar, P. (2018). Alp Drishti Bachhe (Hindi). Delhi: S R Publising House
 Lowenfeld, B. (1973). The Visually Handicapped Child in School. John Day
Company, New York.
 Lydon, W. T., & McGraw, M. L. (1973). Concept Development for Visually
Handicapped Children. AFB, New York.
 Mangal, S. K. (2011) Educating Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special
Education. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
 Mangold, S. S. (1981). A teachers’ Guide to the Special Education needs of Blind and
Visually handicapped Children. New York: AFB
 Mani, M. N. G. (1992). Techniques of Teaching Blind Children. Sterling Publishers
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
 Mani. M. N. G. (1997). Amazing Abacus. S.R.K. Vidyalaya Colony, Coimbatore.
 Mason, H., & McCall, S. (2003). Visual Impairment – Access to Education for
Children and Young people. London: David Fulton Publishers.
 Mukhopadhyay, S., Mani, M.N.G., Roy Choudary, M., & Jangira, N.K. (1988).
Source Book for Training Teachers of Visually Impaired. New Delhi: NCERT.
 Niemann, S., & Jacob, N. (2009). Helping Children who are Blind. The Hesperian
Foundation, California.
 National Institute for the Visually Handicapped (1990). Handbook for Teachers of the
Blind. NIVH, Dehradun.
 NIEPVD (2020). Effective Schools for Students with Visual Disabilities (Quality Indicators
and Parameters). NIVH Dehradun. Retrieved online on 22/11/2023 from
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2022). Expanded Core Curriculum (Hindi) Vistarit Mool Pathchariya. National
Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2023). Screening Checklist for Vision Difficulties in Students . National
Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]
 NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 1. National
Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
 NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 2. National
Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
 Punani, B., & Rawal, N.(2000). Handbook for Visually Impaired. Blind Peoples’
Association, Ahmedabad.
 Scholl, G.T. (1986). Foundations of the education for blind and visually handicapped
children and youth: Theory and Practice. AFB Press, New York.
 Vijayan, P.., & Gnaumi, V. (2010). Education of children with low vision. Kanishka
Publication, New Delhi.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 179
 Technology and Education of the Visually Impaired

Course Code: C4 (VI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

Technology in the form of adaptive and assistive devices and various applications / software, play a
crucial role in the education of the visually impaired. This course brings into sharp focus the need
and importance of such technologies both for the practicing teachers and the visually impaired
learners. While highlighting the significance of addressing the user’s point of view/feedback and
involving mainstream professionals in developing required technologies, the course also dwells
upon how best students with visual impairment get access to the printed text/material. The course
also acquaints the student-teachers with various devices and applications for making the teaching
learning process for important school subjects and other readings more meaningful, exciting and
rewarding for all concerned. The educational needs of children with low vision and related
technological perspectives are addressed, too, along with critical contributions of computer-aided
learning and interventions. In short, the course focuses on making transaction of curriculum for
blind and low vision students, a really enjoyable and worthwhile experience.

Objectives:
On completion of this course, the trainee shall:
• Explain the concept and nature of educational technology and ICT to the education of
 children with visual impairment.
• Acquire knowledge of the concept and nature of adaptive technology and explain
 underlying principles and techniques.
• Get familiar with technologies for print-access for children with visual impairment.
• Describe and use different technologies for teaching low vision children as also
 various school subjects.
 Get acquainted with conversion of print material into accessible formats.
• Demonstrate understanding of computer-based teaching-learning processes

Unit 1: Introducing Educational and Information Communication Technology

1.1 Educational Technology & Assistive Technologies - Concept, Importance, and Scope
1.2 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) - Concept and Scope for teaching-learning
of the visually impaired
1.3 Special Significance and Goals of Technology for the Education of children with
Visual Impairment
1.4 ICT and International Convention & Guidelines for Persons with Disabilities or, Visual
Impairment
1.5 ICT and Indian Legal Framework including RPWD Act (2016) and National Education Policy
(2020)

Unit 2: Assistive Technologies

2.1 Categories of Assistive Technologies: User or Task Oriented

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 180
2.2 Basic Considerations for Selection of Assistive Technologies (eg. Access, Affordability,
Portability, Compatibility, and Availability)
2.3 Addressing User's Perspectives in Developing Adaptive Technologies (eg. Ease of use,
adaptability to Indian conditions, parent and peer counselling)
2.4 Roles of Universities, Technical Institutes and the Scientific Community in conjunction with
organizations working for and with visually impaired;
2.5 Universal/Inclusive Design - Concept, Advantages, and Limitations.

Unit 3: Access to Print for the Visually Impaired

3.1 Screen Readers, OCR software, Stand-alone Reading Machines and its applications (eg.
Envision AI, KIBO, Smart speakers) with Special Reference to Indian Languages
3.2 Refreshable Braille displays and Braille Translation Software with Particular reference to Indian
Languages including DBT and Open-Source Braille Translators such as Braille Blaster by APH,
Braille Embossers.
3.3 Magnifying Software, Smart Phone Accessibility and Open-Source Software
3.4 Taking Books, Daisy Books, E-Pub: Access, Use & Development; Conversion from text to
braille, text to speech, e-pub to Braille, etc. (including apps such as voice dream reader, voice dream
writer, voice dream scanner, google lens, google look-out)
3.5 Use of artificial intelligence (e.g. Chat GPT, Microsoft Bing, Google Bard): Benefits &
Challenges.

Unit 4: Assistive Technologies for the Visually Impaired with Reference to School
Subjects and Low Vision
4.1 Assistive Technologies for Facilitating Mathematics Learning (Manual e.g. Measuring tape,
Taylor Frame, & ICT based eg. MathCat, MathType, special softwares)
4.2 Assistive Technologies for Learning Science Concepts (eg. Thermometers, Colour Probes,
Scientific and Maths Talking Calculators, Light Probes, and Weighing scales and Softwares like
Lab Quest)
4.3 Social Science (eg. Tactile/Embossed Maps, Charts, Diagrams, Models of Different
Types, Auditory Maps, Talking compass etc.)
4.4 Low vision devices: Optical, Non-Optical and Projective
4.5 Production of Accessible Learning Materials (eg. Braille, Large-Print Materials, Tactile
Diagrams- Thermofoam/Swell Paper, E-pub): Concept, Methods and Schemes.

Unit 5: Accessible Virtual Learning & Social Media

5.1 Social Media; Creation of Blogs and Vlogs
5.2 Practices & Guidelines for creating accessible learning materials or Social Media contents.
5.3 Distance Learning and ICT including Video-Conferencing, virtual meetings
5.4 Open Educational Resources (OERs) and Online Libraries including Accessible Libraries for
Students with Visual Disabilities
5.5 e-Classroom: Concept and Adaptations for Children with Visual Impairment

Practicum and Course Related Activities (as per the need of the course):
a. Assignment(s) (Group/Small Group/Individual)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 181
Minimum three of the following
• Prepare a list of devices for Mathematics and Science available for the visually impaired in
one special school and one inclusive school
• Write a short list of hints and suggestions you will offer to the scientific community
for motivating them to develop adaptive technologies for the visually impaired
• Make a short report (in about 500 words) on the advantages and limitations as well as
sources of availability in respect of any print-access technology and applications indicated in
Unit 3 above.
• Make a case study of a student with low vision at the secondary stage, indicating clearly his
educational needs and how you can address them
• Prepare a report on the possibilities and prospects available for the visually impaired
students through the use of computers.
• Make a comparison between Taylor’s frame and Abacus with their Pros and cons in 500
words.
• Prepare a short note (in about 400 words) on various aspects of a virtual classroom and how
it could be made accessible to the visually impaired
• Visit Report after visit to the available nearest resource center of assistive technologies for
visually impaired students.
• Hands on Training of Screen Reader, OCR soft-wares, conversion of pint into accessible
learning materials.

Recommended readings:

• Biwas, P. C. (2004). Education of children with Visual Impairment: in inclusive

• Chaudhary, M. (2006). Low Vision Aids. Japee Brothers, New Delhi.
• Fatima, R. (2010). Teaching aids in mathematics; a handbook for elementary teachers.
Kanishka Publication, New Delhi.
• Hersh, M.A., & Johnson, M. (2008). Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired and
• Hersh. M & Johnson .M (2014). Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind People.
Springer Publications.
• Joshi. H (YNK). A Manual on Taylor frame. (Hindi). Retrieved online on 22/11/2023 from
[Link]
Mr.-Hurshad-U-Joshi..pdf
• Lowenfeld, B. (1973). The Visually Handicapped Child in School. John Day
• Manduchi.R & Sri Kurniawan (2013). Assistive Technology for Blindness and Low vision.
Taylor & Francis. ISBN-13 : 978-1138073135
• Mani. M.N.G. (1997).Amazing Abacus. S.R.K. Vidyalaya Colony, Coimbatore.
• Mathur.G (2020). Low Vision: Manifestation and Management. Published by NIEPVD.
Retrieved online on 22/11/2023 from [Link]
• Mukhopadhyay, S., Mani, M.N.G., Roy Choudary, M., & Jangira, N.K. (1988). Source Book
for Training Teachers of Visually Impaired. NCERT, New Delhi.
• National Institute for the Visually Handicapped (1990). Handbook for Teachers of the Blind.
NIVH, Dehradun.
• NCERT (YKN). NCERT initiatives for Inclusive and Accessible Education. Retrieved online
on 23/11/2023 from [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 182
• NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 1. National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
• NIEPVD (2016). Visual Disability: A Resource Book for Teachers. Vo. 2. National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities, Dehradun
• NIEPVD (2020). Effective Schools for Students with Visual Disabilities (Quality Indicators
and Parameters). NIVH Dehradun. Retrieved online on 22/11/2023 from
[Link]
• NIEPVD (2022). Expanded Core Curriculum (Hindi) Vistarit Mool Pathchariya. National
Institute for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]
• NIEPVD (2023). Screening Checklist for Vision Difficulties in Students . National Institute
for the Empowerment of Persons with Visual Disabilities. Available at
[Link]
• Perkins School for the Blind (2023). A to Z Assistive Technology for Low Vision. Available
online on [Link]
• Punani, B., & Rawal, N. (2000). Handbook for Visually Impaired. Blind Peoples’
• RNIB (2023).Amazon Echo. Retrieved online on 23/11/2023 from
[Link]
tech/technology-in-the-home/amazon-echo/
• Scholl, G. T. (1986). Foundations of the education for blind and visually handicapped
• SG ENABLE (2023). Enabling Guide. Retrieved online on 22/11/2023 from .
[Link]
visual-impairment
• Singh, J. P. (2003). Technology for the Blind: Concept and Context. Kanishka
• Taraporevala & D’sylva (2014). Equip your world: A Synoptic view of access technologies for
the visually challenged. Published by NIVH
• Vijayan, P., & Gnaumi, V. (2010). Education of Children with low Vision. Kanishka
• XRCVC (2020). Accessible E-content Creation. Standards and Guidelines. Retrieved online
on 24/11/2023 from [Link]
Content%20Creation%20Standards%20and%[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 183
 PSYCHO-SOCIAL AND FAMILY ISSUES

Course Code: C5 (VI) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

Children with Visual Impairment belong to families. It is important to explore family

backgrounds and their influence on how visually impaired are perceived and how
children perceive themselves, and how they behave in consequence. The learners need to
develop an insight into the plethora of emotions the family goes through at the birth
of a special child, the challenges they face throughout the life of the visually impaired,
and the roles and responsibilities of the family and the community.

Objectives
After completing the course student-teachers will be able to
 Describe the effect of birth of a child with visual impairment on the family.
 Analyze the role of family and parental concerns related to their child with
visual impairment from birth to adulthood.
 Explain the role of parent community partnership in the rehabilitation of a
person with visual impairment.
 Develop different skills to empower families in meeting the challenges of
having a child with visual impairment.

Unit 1: Family of a Child with Visual Impairment

1.1 Birth of a child with visual impairment and its effect on parents and family dynamics
1.2 Parenting styles: Overprotective, Authoritative, Authoritarian and Neglecting
1.3 Stereotypic attitudes related to visual impairment and attitude modification
1.4 Role of family in Early stimulation, Concept development and Early intervention
1.5 Role of siblings and extended family

Unit 2: Parental Issues and Concerns

2.1 Choosing an educational setting
2.2 Gender and disability
2.3 Transition to Secondary level education (Adolescence)
2.4 Transition to adulthood: sexuality, marriage, and employment
2.5 Parent support groups

Unit 3: Rehabilitation of Children with Visual Impairment

3.1 Concept of habilitation and rehabilitation
3.2 Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) and Community Participatory
Rehabilitation (CPR)
3.3 Legal provisions, concessions and advocacy
3.4 Vocational rehabilitation: need and challenges
3.5 Issues and challenges in rural settings

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 184
Unit 4: Meeting the Challenges of Children with Visual Impairment
4.1 Enhancing prosocial behaviour, Gestures & Postures
4.2 Stress and coping strategies
4.3 Recreation and leisure time management
4.4 Challenges of adventitious visual impairment
4.5 Soft skills and social skills training

Unit 5: Involvement in Educational Aspects

5.1 Role of Parents in School Development / SMC
5.2 Parents involvement in academic activities; IEP and Involvement of Parents
5.3 Understanding IFSP; Developing IFSP
5.4 Involvement of Parents in IFSP
5.4 Attitude of professionals in involving parents in IEP and IFSP

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement (Any Two)

 Interview family members of three children with visual impairment (congenital/
adventitious and blind, low vision and VIMD) and analyze their reactions and
attitude towards the child
 Prepare and present a list of activities how parents, siblings, and grandparents can be
engaged with the child with visual impairment
 Prepare charts/ conduct street plays/ make oral presentations to remove myths
related to visual impairment
 Visit schools for the visually impaired and make presentations before the parents on
Government concessions and auxiliary services available
Recommended Readings
 Bhandari, R., & Narayan, J. (2009). Creating learning opportunities: a step by
step guide to teaching students with vision impairment and additional
disabilities, including deafblindness. Voice and vision, India.
 Hansen, J. C., Rossberg, R.H., & Cramer, S.H. (1994). Counselling Theory and
Process. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
 Lowenfeld, B. (1969). Blind children learn to read. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.
 Lowenfeld, B. (1973). Visually Handicapped Child in School. American
Foundation for the Blind, New York.
 Lowenfeld, B. (1975). The Changing Status of the Blind from Separation
to Integration. Charles C. Thomas, California.
 Mani, M. N. G. (1992). Techniques of Teaching Blind Children. Sterling
publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
 Narayan, J., & Riggio, M. (2005). Creating play environment for children.
Hilton/ Perkins. Watertown.
 Shah, A. (2008). Basics in guidance and Counselling. Global Vision
Publishing House, New Delhi.
 Smith, D. D., & Luckasson, R. (1995). Introduction to Special Education –
Teaching in an age of Challenge. (2Ed). Allyn & Bacon. USA.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 185
 AREA D
Enhancement of Professional Capacities (EPC)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 186
 Reading and Reflecting on Texts
Course code: D1 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction

One of the core areas that schools focus upon is age appropriate and fluent literacy skills among the
students. Hence, aspirant graduates who intend to make career in special education must also be
good readers and writers. This course is skill based and activity-oriented and is designed to give the
learners an opportunity to enhance their reading and writing skills from a professional perspective
and apply it suitably for students with disabilities.

Objectives

After completing the course, the learners will be able to

 Discuss the role and importance of literacy in education

 Describe the difference between reading and reading comprehensions and the skills
required.
 Narrate about the different types of texts.
 Discuss writing as a processes and a product
 Detail out the procedure for independent writing
Unit 1: Reflections on Literacy
1.1 Role of literacy in education, career and social life
1.2 Literacy and self esteem
1.3 Literacy and first language
1.4 Literacy of second language & educational bilingualism
1.5 Braille Literacy

Unit 2: Reflections on Reading and Comprehension

2.1 Reading – reading aloud, silent reading
2.2Reading comprehension- learning to read and reading to learn(Chall’s stages of reading)
2.3 Developing reading and reading comprehension from foundational to higher level; activities and
strategies
2.4 Self regulation and Meta cognitive awareness for reading
2.5 Reading and reading comprehension amongst children with disabilities

Unit 3: Responding to Texts

3.1 Indicators of text comprehension: retelling, paraphrasing, summarizing, answering, predicting,
commenting and discussing
3.2 Type of texts narrative, descriptive, directing, and argumentative
3.3 Responding to text - reports, policy documents, news, editorial, academic articles,
advertisement, resume, story books and novels
3.4 Web search, digital and e-books
3.5 Reading preferences, reading for pleasure

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 187
Unit 4: Writing as a Process and Product
4.1 Writing as a process: language, grammar, vocabulary, spelling
4.2 Content, intent, audience and organization
4.3 Process of writing - handwriting, neatness, alignment and spacing
4.4 Self editing and peer editing using COPS (capitalisation, organisation, punctuation and
spellings)
4.5 Evaluating Students Writing: Conceptualisation, appropriateness, complexity, organization and
literary richness and originality and creativity.

Unit 5: Independent Writing

5.1 Writing: Picture description, expansion of ideas, essays, stories, poems, original writing
5.2 Professional writing: e.g. applications, agenda, minutes, note taking and others
5.3 Converting written information into graphical representation
5.4 Filling up Surveys, Forms, Feedback Responses, Checklists
5.5 Professional writing in special education and ethics

Transaction
Lectures, journal clubs, seminars, debates and discussions for enhancing reading and writing skills

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

• Have a peer editing of independently written essays and discuss your reflections upon
this experience
• Prepare a feedback form for parents and for teachers focussing on differences in the
two forms due to different intent and audience
• Develop a short journal of graphical representation of 3 newspaper articles on school
education using the options given in 2.4
• Visit a book store for young children; go through the available reading material
including exercise books, puzzles. etc. and make a list of useful material for
developing early literacy skills

Recommended Readings
• Baniel, A. (2012). Kids beyond limits. Perigee Trade, New York.
• McCormick, S. (1999). Instructing students who have literacy [Link], New
Jersy.
• Ezell, H., & Justice, L. (2005). Programmatic Research on Early Literacy: Several
Key Findings. IES 3rd Annual Research Conference: American Speech Language &
Hearing Association.
• Gallangher. K. (2004). Deeper Reading: Comprehending Challenging Texts.
Stenhouse Publishers.
• Heller, R. (1998). Communicate clearly. DK Publishing, New York.
• Luetke-Stahlman, B., & Nielsen, D. (2003). Early Literacy of Kindergartners High Beam.
• May, F. B. (1998). Reading as communication. Merrill, New Jersy.
• May, F. B. (2001). Unravelling the seven myths of reading. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
• McGregor, T. (2007). Comprehension Connections: Bridges to Strategic Reading.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 188
Heinemann Educational Books.
• Miller. D. (2002). Reading with Meaning: Teaching Comprehension in the Primary
[Link] Publishers, New York.
• Pandit, B., Suryawanshi, D. K., & Prakash, M. (2007). Communicative language
teaching in [Link] Prakashan, Pune.
• Paul, P. V. (2009). Language and Deafness. Jones and Bartlett, Boston.
• Soundarapandian, M. (2000). Literacy campaign in India. Discovery Publishing
House, New Delhi.
• Tovani, C., & Keene.E.O. (2000). I Read It, but I Don't Get It: Comprehension
Strategies for Adolescent Readers. Stenhouse Publishers.
---[Link]
[Link]
[Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 189
 DRAMA AND ART IN EDUCATION

Course Code: D2 Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Introduction: The rich Indian field of art may be translated into our education system to give
exposure to a variety of art forms, learning and appreciating it as well as using it within teaching,
advocating and sensitizing. This paper is an opportunity to facilitate the art within learners and the
lives they impact. The paper also aims to understand modifications and adaptations that can
facilitate the participation of individuals with a disability.
Appropriate learning alternatives are to be provided to learners with disability. E.g. as required, a
candidate with blindness must get alternative learning opportunities and evaluative tasks for visual
art or a candidate with deafness for music art.

Objectives
After completing the course learner will be able to
 Exhibit a basic understanding of art appreciation, art expression and art education
 Understand the diversity within artistic expression
 Apply art as ‘critical pedagogy’ in classrooms
 Adapt and modify activities to enhance learning and teach through art forms
 Promote inclusive art and facilitate participation at cultural and community events

Unit 1: Introduction to Art Education

1.1 Art and art education: Meaning, scope and perspectives
1.2 Breaking the stereotypes: understanding diversity and different perspectives within artistic
expression
1.3 Artistic expression: Creative and emotional expression and regulation
1.4 Power of Art: classroom and beyond (e.g. changing disability narratives, sensitization and
advocacy activities)
1.5 Adaptations, modifications, and strategies to facilitate learning and participation in cultural
and community settings

Unit 2: Performing Arts: Dance and Music

2.1 Range of activities related to dance and music
2.2 Experiencing, responding and appreciating dance and music
2.3 Exposure to selective basic skills required for dance and music
2.4 Enhancing learning through movement, dance and music: strategies and adaptations
2.5 Adaptations, modifications, and strategies to facilitate participation in cultural and community
settings

Unit 3: Performing Arts: Drama

3.1 Range of activities related to performing arts
3.2 Experiencing, responding and appreciating drama
3.3 Exposure to selective basic skills
3.4 Enhancing learning through role plays and drama: strategies and adaptations
3.5 Adaptations, modifications, and strategies to facilitate participation in cultural and community
settings

Unit 4: Visual Arts

4.1 Range of activities related to visual arts
4.2 Experiencing, responding and appreciating visual arts
4.3 Exposure to selective basic skills
4.4 Enhancing learning through visual arts: strategies and adaptations

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 190
4.5 Adaptations, modifications, and strategies to facilitate participation in cultural and community
settings

Unit 5: Media and Electronic Arts

5.1 Range of art activities in media and electronic art forms
5.2 Experiencing, responding and appreciating media and electronic arts
5.3 Role of ICT and exposure to selective basic skills
5.4 Enhancing learning through media and electronic art: strategies and adaptations
5.5 Adaptations, modifications, and strategies to facilitate participation in cultural and community
settings

Transaction
The concepts may be explained through real-life examples and selected case studies. Learners may
be encouraged to conduct hands-on observations and critically review the materials.
 Lectures and discussions
 Field visits
 Hands-on experiential demonstrations
 Workshops and seminars
 Self-study and use of online resources
 Presentations and projects

Course Work/ Practical/ Field Engagement

 Debates or performances to advocate opinions and thought processes
 Self-reflective essays on ways to include art to facilitate better teaching
 Group teaching of academic or non-academic concepts using art
 Develop and implement community sensitisation and awareness activities (e.g. Nukkad natak,
art show, awareness campaigns or posters, any other events )
 Using different art forms to change the narrative of disability from “special,” or
“overcoming”, to diversity, an integral part of our cultural narrative, artistic expression
 Review Indian and international disabled artists and companies in different art forms

Recommended Readings
 Baniel, A. (2012). Kids beyond limits. Perigee Trade, New York.
 Beyer, L.E. (2000). The arts, popular culture and social change. Falmer Press, London.
 Botton, A,D. and Armstrong, J. (2013). Art as Therapy. Phaidon Press, London
 Efland, A. D. (1990). A history of Art Education: Intellectual and social currents in teaching
the visual arts. Teachers College Press, New York.
 Finlay, V. (2014). The brilliant History of Color in Art. Getty Publications, Finlay.
 Gair, S. B. (1980). Writing the arts into individualized educational programs. Art Education,
33(8), 8–11.
 Greene, S., & Hogan, D. (2005).Researching children's experience. Sage Publication:
London.
 Heller, R. (1999). Effective Leadership. DK Publishing, New York.
 Lewiecki-Wilson C., & Brueggemann, B. J. (2008). Disability and the teaching of writing:
A critical sourcebook. Bedford/St. Martin's, Boston, MA.
 Nyman, L., &. Jenkins, A. M. (1999). Issues and approaches to art for students with special
needs (pp. 142–154).National Art Education Association, Reston, VA.
 Shirley, G. (2000). Art, an A to Z guide. Franklin Watts, New York.
 Vaze, P. (1999). How to Draw and Paint Nature. Jyosna Prakashan, Mumbai
 Ward, A. (1993). Sound and Music. Franklin Watts, New York.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 191
 Basic Research and Basic Statistics
Course code: D3 Credits: 2 Hours: 60

Introduction:

Developing holistic and capable learners in the ever-changing educational world requires
incorporating basic research and statistics. As the foundation of academic study, basic research
introduces students to explore theories and methods and helps them get a deep understanding of the
subjects they have chosen. Their intellectual curiosity is stimulated by this core knowledge, which
also develops critical thinking abilities in youths, allowing them to evaluate data and identify gaps
in their understanding.
Objectives: After completing the course the learner will be able to:

 Describe the concept, meaning and methods of research in education and special education.
 Develop an understanding of the research process and acquire competencies for conducting
a research.
 Apply suitable measures for data organization and analysis.
 Able to interpret the results and present research report
 Understanding the principles of structuring and organizing research reports, including the
introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.

Unit 1: Introduction to Research

1.1 Research: Concept, Meaning, and importance of research
1.2 Characteristics of Research
1.3 Purpose of research
1.4 Methods of Research
Descriptive/Analytical, Applied/Fundamental, Quantitative/Qualitative, Conceptual/
Empirical
1.5 Research in Education and Special Education

Unit 2: Process of Research and Action Research

2.1 Process of Research
- Selection of Problem
- Formulation of Hypothesis
- Collection of Data
- Analysis of Data & Conclusion
2.2 Research Proposal Writing
2.3 Action Research in Teaching Learning process
2.4 Steps in Action Research
2.5 Professional Competencies for Action Research

Unit 3: Fundamentals of Research

3.1 Research Design – concept, types and its uses
3.2 Tools of Research: Tests, Questionnaire, Checklist and Rating Scale

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 192
 3.3 Standardization of Tool- Reliability and Validity
3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques
3.5 Data Collection and Organization of data: Array, Grouped distribution, Normal Distribution
Curve

Unit 4: Measurement and Analysis of Data

4.1 Scale for measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio
4.2 Measures of central tendency and Dispersion: Mean, Median and Mode, Standard deviation
and Quartile deviation,
4.3 Correlation: Product Moment and Rank Order Correlation
4.4 Graphical representation of data – Bar Diagram, Pie Chart, Scatter diagram, line Diagram,
Doughnut, Bubble, radar
4.5 Computer assisted statistical analysis softwares

Unit 5: Research Report Writing

5.1 Interpretation of Data
5.2 Report Writing
5.3 Publication of Research Articles
5.4 Ethics in Research
5.5 Recent trends in research in special education
Transaction

 Develop a teacher made test for a given subject matter

 Develop a questionnaire/checklist
 Develop an outline for conducting action research
 Student-Centric Discussion
 VAK Teaching
 Spaced Learning
 Differentiated Instruction
 Dual Coding
 Flipped Classroom
 Lecture method
 Demonstrative method
 Interrogative method
 Active method
 Experimental method
 Heuristic method

Course work/Practical/Field Engagement

 Assignment(s) (Group/Small Group/Individual)

 Project(s) (Group/Small Group/Individual)
 Workshops and Training Sessions
 Professional Development Opportunities in Research
 Reflective Journals and Reports

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 193
Recommended readings

 Basic Research and Statistics Book Material, Dr. [Link] Open University,
Hyderabad, 2020
 Bernard Ostle (2012), Statistics in Research: Basic Concepts and Techniques for Research
Workers, Literary Licensing, LLC
 Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (1996). Research in Education Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.
 C. R. Kothari (2004), Research Methodology Methods & Techniques, New Age
International (P) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi
 Chaitanya Kumar (2021), Basic Research Methods and Statistics for Social Sciences Kindle
Edition, Insha Publications
 Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Academic Press,
New York.
 Dooley, D. (1997). Social Research Methods. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.
 Duncan Cramer (1996), Basic Statistics for Social Research: Step-by-Step Calculations &
Computer Techniques Using Minitab
 Greene, S., & Hogan, D. (2005). Researching children's experience. Sage Publication,
London.
 Grewal, P.S. (1990). Methods of Statistical Analysis. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
 Guptha, S. (2003). Research Methodology and Statistical Techniques. Deep & Deep
Publishing, New Delhi.
 Jitendra Kumar et. al.(2022), Basic Research Methodology and Statistics, Thakur
Publication Private Limited
 Koul, L. (1996). Methodology of Educational Research. Vikas Publishing House, New
Delhi.
 Nancy et. al. (1999) Basic Research Methods and Statistics : An Integrated Approach: An
integrated approach, [Link] (G/L) & Company Ltd Publishers
 P.K. Mohanty & S.K. Patel (2019), Basic Statistics 2nd Edition, Scientific Publishers
 Potti, L.R. (2004). Research Methodology. Yamuna Publications, Thiruvananathapuram.
 Robert et. al. (2012) Basic Statistics for Social Research: 38 (Research Methods for the
Social Sciences), Jossey-Bass Publication
 Vimal Agarwal (2022), Basic Research Methodology And Statistics, SBPD Publications
 Y.K. Singh (2006), Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics, New Age
International (P) Limited, Publishers, New Delhi
 [Link]
 [Link]
process#:~:text=The%20research%20process%20aims%20to,findings%20in%20a%20r
esearch%20report.
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 194
 AREA E
PRACTICAL RELATED TO PEDAGOGY &
DISABILITY
Autism Spectrum Disability (ASD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 195
 PRACTICUM: AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD)
DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION

Course Code: E1 (ASD) Credits: 04 Hours: 120

Educational
Focus Tasks for the Learners Hours
Setting
Observe and understand
Minimum
Neurotypical neurotypical and neurodiverse
10 hours or
Early Preschools development.
3 full days
Development
Write a report and submit.
Other Minimum
Classroom Observations.
disabilities: Special schools 5 hours or
HI, VI, CP, for each disability 1full day for
Write a report and submit.
ID, MD, SLD each disability
Minimum
Classroom Observation.
25 school
Inclusion Inclusive schools
periods or
Write a report and submit.
5 full days
Observation of groups from early
Minimum
Disability ASD special intervention /preparatory level to
60 hours or
Specialization school and secondary/ vocational levels.
20 full days
(ASD) vocational centre
Write a report and submit.

Please Note:
- The schedule for respective visits shall be included in the timetable and 20 working days may be
allocated.
- Observations mentioned are essential and the content/hours may be adapted as per feasibility and
accessibility. For instance, if schools for a specific disability are not available in the nearby area, the
same may be conducted as observation at inclusive schools, education or therapy centres or services
being provided in the resource room or home-based education.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 196
 DEVELOPMENT OF TLMs AND LESSON PLANNING

Course Code: E2 (ASD) Credits: 04 Hours: 120

Focus Setting Tasks for the Learners Hours

Two persons with Early intervention For each child: Minimum
ASD centre or preschool 40 hours
Ages: 2-10 years Observe –
- Assessments
- Support services
- Parent interactions

Develop and submit -

- TLMs
- 15 Lesson Plans with at least one
of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subject
- Non-academic activity
- ADL / self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan
One person with Special school Observe – Minimum
ASD - Assessments 20 hours
Ages: 10-18 years - Support services
- Parent interaction

Develop and submit -

- TLMs
- 15 Lesson Plans including at
least one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subject
- Non-academic activity
- ADL / self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan
Vocational centre/ Observe – Minimum
Supported - Assessments 20 hours
One person with workplace - Support services
ASD Age: 18+ years - Parent interaction
Develop and submit –
- TLMs
- 15 Lesson Plans including at

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 197
 least one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subject
- Non-academic activity
- ADL / self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan
Inclusive school/ For each child: Minimum
Two persons with Resource room 40 hours
ASD Observe –
Ages: 5-18 years - Assessments
Grades: Prep-12 - Support services
- Parent interaction
Develop and submit-
- TLMs
- 15 Lesson Plans including at
least one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subject
- Non-academic activity
- ADL / self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Please Note:
- The schedule for the practical shall be included in the timetable and the required working days may
be allocated.
- The tasks mentioned are essential and the content/hours may be adapted as per feasibility and
accessibility. For instance, if a vocational centre is not available, the practical may be done with an
older kid in a special school or an inclusive school.
- - For a holistic learning experience, the learner will benefit from working with autistic individuals of
different ages and genders, and varied skill sets.
- Documents of all the lessons taught, the feedback received and the relevant TLM must be made
available to the external examiner during the final practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 198
 PRACTICUM: AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD)
PREPARING IEPs

Course Code: E3 (ASD) Credits: 04 Hours: 120

Educational
Focus Tasks for the Learners Hours
Setting
Early Develop and submit- Minimum
One person with intervention - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
ASD centre or - Individualised Family Support Plan
Ages: 2-10 years preschool - TLMs
- 10 Lesson Plans including at least
one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subject
- Non-academic activity
- ADL / Self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute and submit -

- Assessment
- Quality of Life Measures
- Parent Interviews
- Teaching of selected skills
- Peer and Supervisor Feedback
One person with Special school Develop and submit- Minimum
ASD - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
Ages: 10-18 years - Individualised Family Support Plan
- TLMs
- 10 Lesson Plans including at least
one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subjects
- Non-academic activities
- ADL / Self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute and submit -

- Assessment
- Quality of Life Measures
- Parent Interviews
- Teaching of selected skills
- Peer and Supervisor Feedback

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 199
 One person with Vocational Develop and submit- Minimum
ASD centre / - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
Ages: 18+ years Supported - Individualised Family Support Plan
workplace - TLMs
- 10 Lesson Plans including at least
one of each -
- Job skill
- ICT-based job skill
- Soft skills (workplace related)
- ADL / Self care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute / Simulate and submit -

- Assessment
- Quality of Life Measures
- Work place adaptation
- Teaching of selected skills
- Simulated sensitisation talks for
employer and colleagues
- Peer and Supervisor Feedback
One person with Inclusive For each child, develop and submit- Minimum
ASD schools/ - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
Ages: 2-10 years Resource - Individualised Family Support Plan
rooms - TLMs
- 10 Lesson Plans including at least
one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subject
- Non-academic activity
- Soft skill (classroom related)
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute and submit -

- Simulated teaching of selected
academic and non-academic lessons
- Simulated sensitisation talks for
teachers, peers and parents
- Peer and Supervisor Feedback

Please Note:
- Schedule for the practical shall be included in the timetable and required working days
allocated.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 200
- The tasks mentioned are essential and the content/hours may be adapted as per feasibility and
accessibility. For instance, if a vocational centre is not available, the practical may be done
with an older kid in a special school or inclusive school.
- For a holistic learning experience, the learner will benefit from working with autistic
individuals of different ages and genders, and varied skill sets.
- IEP, assessment and all lesson plans must be approved by the supervisor before execution.
- All execution must be done in the presence of a supervisor.
- Feedback must be received from the supervisor and peers in the format prescribed by the
college.
- Documents of all the lessons taught, feedback received and the relevant TLM must be made
available to the external examiner during the final practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 201
 PRACTICUM: AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (ASD)
SUBJECT TEACHING

Course Code: E4 (ASD) Credits: 04

Hours 120

Focus Setting Tasks for the Learners Hours

One child with ASD Early Develop and submit- Minimum
Ages: 2-5 years intervention - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
Grades: Preschool centre or - Individualised Family Support Plan
preschool - TLMs
- 10 Lesson Plans including at least
one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subject
- Non-academic activity
- ADL / Self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute and submit -

- Assessment
- Quality of Life Measures
- Parent Interviews
- Teaching of selected skills
- Supervisor Feedback
Disability Inclusive Develop and submit- Minimum
Specialization (ASD) school/ - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
Resource - Individualised Family Support Plan
One child with ASD rooms - TLMs
Ages: 5-12 years - 10 Lesson Plans including at least
Grades: 1- 5 one of each -
- Language subject
- Non-language subjects
- Non-academic activities
- ADL / Self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute and submit -

- Assessment
- Quality of Life Measures
- Parent Interviews
- Teaching of selected skills

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 202
 - Supervisor Feedback

Disability Inclusive Develop and submit- Minimum

Specialization (ASD) school/ - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
Resource - Individualised Family Support Plan
One person with rooms - TLMs
ASD - 10 Lesson Plans including at least
Ages: 13-18 years one of each -
Grades: 6-12 - Language subject
- Non-language subjects
- Non-academic activities
- ADL / Self-care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute and submit -

- Assessment
- Quality of Life Measures
- Parent Interviews
- Teaching of selected skills
- Supervisor Feedback
Disability Vocational Develop and submit- Minimum
Specialization (ASD) centre / - Individualised Educational Plan 30 hours
Supported - Individualised Family Support Plan
One person with workplace - TLMs
ASD - 10 Lesson Plans including at least
Ages: 18+ years one of each -
- Job skill
- ICT-based job skill
- Soft skills (workplace related)
- ADL / Self care
- Communication
- Group activity
- Individual teaching
- Transition plan

Execute and submit

- Assessment
- Quality of Life Measures
- Work place adaptation
- Teaching of selected skills
- Supervisor Feedback

Please Note:
- Schedule for the practical shall be included in the timetable and required working days
allocated.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 203
- The tasks mentioned are essential and the content/hours may be adapted as per feasibility and
accessibility. For instance, if a vocational centre is unavailable, work with an older kid in the
school.
- IEP, assessment and all lesson plans must be approved by the supervisor before execution.
- All execution must be done in the presence of a supervisor.
- Feedback must be received from the supervisor in the format prescribed by the college.
- All relevant documents, feedback received and TLMs must be made available to the external
examiner during the final practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 204
 AREA E
PRACTICAL RELATED TO PEDAGOGY &
DISABILITY
Hearing Impairment (HI)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 205
 Visits & Writing Reports
Course Code: Area E1 (HI) Credits: 2 Hours: 60

Brief description: Visits to different organisations wil help learners in understanding the
disabilities and their implications. It will equip them with foundational skills required for
communicating and teaching. This practical is therefore designed to provide exposure in the
teaching learning processes (group / individual one to one), various modes of communication
and the infrastructure in various set ups.

Sl. Tasks Educationa Specific activities Hours Submissions

No. l settings
1 Visits to Special  Study the 45 Writing
special schools for infrastructure, reports
schools/ Deaf children resources available (It is including
Associations/T with in a special school, desirable reflections
raining hearing Deaf Associations/ that on
Centres which impairment Training Centres and exposure teaching-
use observe the various to all learning
a) Educational services being approache process.
Bilingualism offered. s may be Reports
b) Total  Identify the provided can be
Communicatio communication and written and
n mode being used by should be in the form
c) Oral-aural the school. spread of ISL
approach  List the best practices across all video
offered by the semesters submission
schools/organizations ) .
visited.
 Write a report on the
quality of education
delivery in the special
schools /
organizations visited
based on the feedback
from the deaf
students.
 Include the
suggestions on what
can be done to make
it better.
2 Visit to Speech and  Observe hearing 15 Writing
speech and hearing assessment in reports
hearing clinic children of various including
center/clinic age groups reflections.
 Observe hearing aid

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 206
 trial and fitting in
children of various
age groups
 Listening to speech
of children with and
without hearing loss
and identifying
parameters (Non-
segmental,
segmental & supra-
segmental) 3
children each.
 Observing speech
assessment
(screening) children.
 Carrying out speech
assessment
(screening).
 Observing speech
assessment using
standardized tool.
 Observing listening
check of children’s
hearing devices.
 Observing
individual speech
teaching sessions.
 Observing group
teaching sessions
(2children)
 Planning and
executing lesson
plan for teaching
non-segmental,
segmental and supra-
segmental aspects of
speech (2children)
 Study the
infrastructure,
resources and best
practices in the
settings
TOTAL 60

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 207
 Classroom Observation at Different Levels and of Different Subjects

Course Code: Area E2 (HI) Credits: 2 Hours: 60

Brief description: In this practical, the learners as teacher trainees will undertake detailed
observations in classroom set ups of special schools, inclusive set ups, or training centres. This
practical is aimed at giving exposure to teacher trainees in observation of different teaching
learning processes, use of different strategies and techniques of teaching language and
communication in various set ups.

S Tasks Educatio Specific activities Hou Submissions

l nalsetti rs
. ngs
N
o
.
1 Classroom Special Observe the teaching 60 Observation
teaching school s for of children with Report for
observation at children with hearing impairment each
different levels hearing using: observation
and of different impairment a) Educational (in written
subjects using : Bilingualism language or
a) Educational b) Total ISL or both)
Bilingualism Communication
b) Total c) Oral-aural approach Presentation
Communicati by the
on  Observe various candidate
c) Oral-aural activities such as sharing the
approach conversation, visits, summary of
directed activity, their
story-telling/poem observations
and ensure & reflections.
observation for
teaching various
class subjects.
 Write the
observation
reports at different
levels and of
different subjects.
 Include the
learnings &
insights, feedback,
areas of
improvement in
the observation
report.
 It is desirable that

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 208
 observation of
classroom activities
is spread across the
semesters i.e.15
hours of observations
in each semester.
 It is desirable that the
observations should
be spread across
different stages
(5+3+3+4) i.e.
Foundation Stage,
Preparatory Stage,
Middle Stage, and
Secondary Stage
TOTAL 60

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 209
 Lesson Planning & Development of TLM

Course Code: Area E3 (HI) Credits: 06 Hours: 180

Brief description: Lesson plans are essential tools for educators, that aiding in imparting
knowledge, skills, and competencies. It assists in guiding content delivery, organization,
communication, and assessment. Through careful planning, educators engage students with
accessible content, align activities with objectives, and ensure relevance. This particular
practical component is focused to train learners in making effective lesson planning and
preparing Teaching Learning Materials under the guidance of supervisors. This practicum will
cover the areas mentioned in the table below:

S Tasks for Teacher Educatio Specific activities Hours Submission

r. Educators nal
N settings
o.
1 Lesson Planning at Special  Exploring the 80 Lesson
different levels and School for latest practices & Plans
of different subjects children formats in lesson
using the different with hearing planning.
modes of impairment  Lesson planning
communication (EB, at different levels
TC, oral) and for different
school subjects.
 At least 4 Lessons
in each stage
(5+3+3+4)
 Integrating hands
on/ experiential
learning, aspects
of social
emotional
learning and
relevant life skills
while planning
the lessons.
 Designing
relevant TLMs
appropriate to the
lessons.

2 Lesson planning for Lesson Planning 20 Lesson

cross-curricular for various cross- Plans
activities curricular activities
such as theatre, arts,

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 210
 sports, activities,
social emotional
learning and other
life skills related
areas.

3 Content reading of  Content reading of 30 Adapted

school textbooks school textbooks content
for all grades and of all grades and
adaptation of reflecting on the
content of school same.
subjects  Preparing
adaptations by
selecting various
topics related to
different subjects
(Language, Maths,
Social Science,
Science, poem).
4 Development of  Collate list of 50 TLMs and
Teaching Learning resources in List of
Material (TLM) UDL for Existing
based on different lessons Resources
principles of at different
Universal Design levels. (including
of Learning (UDL) list of existing e-
including content in ISL,
Information and ICT tools, web
Communication resources etc.)
Technology (ICT),  Development of
and use of TLMs for
Artificial various lessons
Intelligence (AI) appropriate for
various learning
styles in
classroom
(Visual /
Auditory /
Kinesthetic /
Reading / Tactile
/ combination of
all)
 Preparing
TLMs such as
Videos in ISL /
PPTs or TLM
using ICT for
the teaching
practice lessons

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 211
 related to
curriculum (5
topics of any
subjects)
 Develop TLMs
for developing
pre reading and
pre writing skills
(At least 3 each,
including one in
ISL)
 Develop TLM
for literacy
development in
deaf students.
(At least 3 each,
including one in
ISL)

TOTAL 180

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 212
 Execution of Lesson (Teaching Practice)

Course Code: Area E4 (HI) Credits: 6 Hours: 180

Brief description: Teaching practice allows student teachers to practice the art and science of
teaching, under the supervision and support of experienced teachers. This particular practical of
Teaching Practice is an opportunity for aspiring teachers to understand the role and operation
of how the schooling is done. This field experience provides a challenging nonetheless
rewarding experience of working with students in actual classrooms and acquiring professional
competence. This practicum will cover the areas mentioned in the table below:

Sr. Tasks for Educatio Specific activities Hours Submission

No. Teacher nal
Educators settings
1 Undertaking Special Undertaking teaching 120 Journal
teaching practice schools, practice lessons for with
lessons at different Inclusive the CWHI related to reports &
levels and of schools curriculum at reflection
different subjects different levels s
using the different
modes of At least 4 Lessons in
communication each stage (5+3+3+4)
(EB, TC, Oral)
Integrating hands on/
experiential learning,
aspects of social
emotional learning
and relevant life skills
in teaching practice.

2 Undertaking Teaching practice in 20

cross-curricular various cross-
teaching curricular activities
such as theatre, arts,
sports, activities,
social emotional
learning and other
life skills related
areas. (At least 10
lessons)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 213
3 Assessment and Preparing IEP for 20
implementation of two CWHI
Individualised (10 IEP for each
Educational Plan student)
(IEP) for school a) Assessment of the
readiness students
b) Preparing IEPs
based on the result of
assessment
c)Implementation of
IEP
4 Creating bilingual Creating bilingual 20
videos for videos (ISL &
teaching topics at English/Hindi/othe
different levels r language) for
and of different teaching topics at
subjects different levels and
of different
subjects. (At least
10)

TOTAL 180

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 214
 AREA E
PRACTICAL RELATED TO PEDAGOGY &
DISABILITY
Intellectual Disability (ID)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 215
 DISABILITY AND INCLUSION

Course Code E1 (ID) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Course content: 1. Visits to organisations working in the area of disabilities (e.g. Special
Schools, Therapy centres, Rehabilitation organisations, and Inclusive Schools).
2. Class room observation

Disability Educational Hrs (60) Tasks for the Description

Setting Student- teachers
Focus
ID Special school 40 hrs Observation of Minimum 10
of PwID groups from early school Periods.
intervention, Write a report and
/preparatory level to submit.
secondary/prevocati
onal levels.
HI, VI, Minimum 3 15 hrs Classroom Observation Minimum 30
CP, ASD , Special schools and Report school Periods
(5 Hrs
Multiple for HI, VI,
each in
Disabilities CP, Autism
each
and or Multiple 10 school Periods
disabilit
resource Disabilities in each Special
y)
units of and resource school.
SLD units of SLD Submit report
Any Inclusive 5 hrs Classroom Observation Minimum 10
Disability School and Report school Periods
available in the Submit report.
neighbourhood

Note:
- Schedule for practical for E-1 shall be included in the time table.
- Observations as mentioned are essential. However, if schools for other
disabilities are not available in the nearby area, the same may be conducted as
observation at Inclusive school/ education, therapy centres or services being
provided in the Resource room/ Home based education or vice versa with other
disability.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 216
 DISABILITY SPECIALISATION

Course Code: E 2 Credits: 05 Hours: 150

Course Content: Individualised Educational Programme (IEP).

Sl. Tasks for the Disability Educational Hrs Description

No. Student- Focus Setting (150)
teachers
1 Individualised Family Developm Early 30Assess and Develop
Support Plan (IFSP) ental delay intervention IFSP for a child with
centre/ similar developmental delay
units
under 3 years.
Implement at least 10
sessions as per the
programme and report.
2, IEP in special school/ ID Special 55 Assess two students
home based school, home with intellectual
based disability functioning
at different levels and
attending different
classes in a special
school. One of them
can be home based
education.. Develop
an IEP and implement
at least 10 lessons
each.
3 IEP in inclusive class ID Inclusive 55 Assess two students
room schools with intellectual
disability functioning
at different levels and
attending different
classes in an inclusive
school. Develop an
IEP after considering
the regular class
curriculum and
implement at least 10
lessons each in the
inclusive class in
collaboration with the

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 217
 class teacher

4 Observation of ID Institute/ 10 hrs Submit report.

support services Clinic
Note: Schedule for practical for E-2 shall be included in the time table. Skill for micro
teaching shall be selected with reference to Major Disability.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 218
 Lesson Planning, Development of TLM and Teaching

E3 (ID) Group Teaching Credits: 3 Hours: 90

Course content: 1. Lesson planning and development of teaching learning material

2. Group teaching in special schools

Sl. Tasks for the Disability Educational Hrs Description

No. Student- Focus Setting (90)
teachers
1. Lesson Planning and ID Special 40 The student teacher has
Teaching School to develop 10 lessons
that includes at least 2
lessons for each level
/class ranging from
preschool/ preparatory
to secondary levels and
transition plan from
school to work. The
lessons should include
cocurricular activities,
relevant TLM and also
use of technology .
2 a. Lesson planning ID Resource 40 hrs 10 lessons with
and execution on Room/ suitable adaptation and
different levels for all Inclusive modifications, suitable
subjects school TLM and use the
principle of UDL.
3 School Sensitisation ID Regular 10 hrs Submit report
on Disabilities for School
regular staff, Peer
group and Parents

Note: Each lesson must be approved by the supervisor before executing the lessons. Documents
of all the lessons taught and the relevant TLM must be made available to the external examiner
during the final practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 219
 Subject Teaching in Regular Schools
Course Code E4 (ID) Credits 6 Hours 180

Course Content:1. Micro teaching

2. Teaching subjects in regular schools/inclusive schools.

Sl. Tasks for the Disability Educational Hrs Description

No. Student- Focus Setting (180)
teachers
1 a. Micro teaching & General – Institute / 20 5 lessons
simulated teaching on student Respective (Demonstration of
selected skills teachers college Micro teaching Skills
2 Macro Teaching General General/inclu 80 15 lessons
A. Lesson planning /inclusive sive
and Teaching for Use technology at
subjects selected least in 5 lessons, and
a. Languages suitable TLM
b. Non Languages In inclusive class room
make suitable
accommodations, and
use Universal design
for learning (UDL)
B. Lesson planning General/ General / 80 15 lessons
and Teaching with inclusive inclusive Use technology at least
focus on adaptation, in 5 lessons, and
evaluation suitable TLM
a. Languages
In inclusive class room
make suitable
b. Non Languages
accommodations, and
use Universal design
for learning (UDL)

Note:
1. Each lesson must be approved by the supervisor before executing the lessons For final
practical examination, all the records and TLMs must be submitted to the external examiner.
2. Certificate from School Head/In charge regarding the performance of the student
trainee placed in that school should be submitted in the format given by the college.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 220
 AREA E
PRACTICAL RELATED TO PEDAGOGY &
DISABILITY
Multiple Disability (MD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 221
 Disability & Inclusion

Course Code E 1 (MD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60

Course content: 1. Visits to organisations working in the area of disabilities (e.g.

Special Schools, Therapy centres, Rehabilitation organisations, and Inclusive Schools).
2. Class room observation

Disability Educational Hrs (60) Tasks for the Description

Setting Student- teachers
Focus
MD Special school 40 hrs Observation of Minimum 10
of PwMD groups from early school Periods.
intervention, Write a report and
/preparatory level to submit.
secondary/prevocati
onal levels.
HI, VI, Minimum 3 15 hrs Classroom Observation Minimum 30
CP, ASD , Special schools and Report school Periods
(5 Hrs
ID and for HI, VI,
each in
resource CP, Autism
each
units of or ID and 10 school Periods
disabilit
SLD resource in each Special
y)
units of SLD school.
Submit report
Any Inclusive 5 hrs Classroom Observation Minimum 10
Disability School and Report school Periods
available in the Submit report.
neighbourhood

Note:
- Schedule for practical for E-1 shall be included in the time table (ten working days
may be allocated).
- Observations as mentioned are essential. However, if schools for other
disabilities are not available in the nearby area, the same may be conducted as
observation at Inclusive school/ education, therapy centres or services being
provided in the Resource room/ Home based education or vice versa with other
disability.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 222
 DISABILITY SPECIALISATION

Course Code: E 2 (MD) Credits: 05 Hours: 150

Course Content: Individualised Educational Programme (IEP).

Sl. Tasks for the Student- Disability Educational Hrs Description

No. teachers Focus Setting (150)
1 Individualised Family Development Early 30 Assess and Develop IFSP
Support Plan (IFSP) al delay intervention for a child with severe
centre/ similar developmental delay under
units
3 years. Implement at least
10 sessions as per the
programme and report.
2, IEP in special school/ ID Special school, 55 Assess two students with
home based home based multiple disability
functioning at different
levels and attending
different classes in a
special school. One of them
can be home based
education. Develop an IEP
and implement at least 10
lessons each.
3 IEP in inclusive class ID Inclusive 55 Assess two students with
room schools multiple disability
functioning at different
levels and attending
different classes in an
inclusive school. Develop
an IEP after considering the
regular class curriculum
and implement at least 10
lessons each in the
inclusive class in
collaboration with the class
teacher
4 Observation of support ID Institute/ Clinic 10 hrs Submit report.
services
Note: Schedule for practical for E-2 shall be included in the time table (minimum eleven
working days may be allocated). Skill for micro teaching shall be selected with reference
to Major Disability.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 223
 Lesson Planning, Development of TLM and Teaching

E3 (MD) Group Teaching Credits: 3

Hours: 90

Course content: 1. Lesson planning and development of teaching learning material

2. Group teaching in special schools

Sl. Tasks for the Disability Educational Hrs Description

No. Student- Focus Setting (90)
teachers
1. Lesson Planning and MD Special 40 The student teacher has
Teaching School to develop 10 lessons
that includes at least 2
lessons for each level
/class ranging from
preschool/ preparatory
to secondary levels and
transition plan from
school to work. The
lessons should include
cocurricular activities,
relevant TLM and also
use of technology .
2 a. Lesson planning MD Resource 40 hrs 10 lessons with
and execution on Room/ suitable adaptation and
different levels for all Inclusive modifications, suitable
subjects school TLM and use the
principle of UDL.
3 School Sensitisation MD Regular 10 hrs Submit report
on Disabilities for School
regular staff, Peer
group and Parents

Note: Each lesson must be approved by the supervisor before executing the lessons. Documents
of all the lessons taught and the relevant TLM must be made available to the external examiner
during the final practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 224
 Subject Teaching in Regular Schools
Course Code E4 (MD)) Credits 6 Hours 180

Course Content:1. Micro teaching

2. teaching subjects in regular schools/inclusive schools.

Sl. Tasks for the Disability Educational Hrs Description

No. Student- Focus Setting (180)
teachers
1 a. Micro teaching & General – Institute / 20 5 lessons
simulated teaching on student Respective (Demonstration of
selected skills teachers college Micro teaching Skills
2 Macro Teaching General General / 80 15 lessons
A. Lesson planning inclusive
and Teaching for Use technology at
subjects selected least in 5 lessons, and
c. Languages suitable TLM
d. Non Languages In inclusive class room
make suitable
accommodations, and
use Universal design
for learning (UDL)
B. Lesson planning General General / 80 15 lessons
and Teaching inclusive Use technology at least
focussing on in 5 lessons, and
adaptation, evaluation suitable TLM
c. Languages
In inclusive class room
make suitable
d. Non Languages
accommodations, and
use Universal design
for learning (UDL)

Note: 1. Each lesson must be approved by the supervisor before executing the lessons For final
practical examination, all the records and TLMs must be submitted to the external examiner.
2. Certificate from School Head/In charge regarding the performance of the student
trainee placed should be submitted in the format given by the college.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 225
 AREA E
PRACTICAL RELATED TO PEDAGOGY &
DISABILITY
Specific Learning Disability (SLD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 226
 DISABILITY AND INCLUSION
Course Code: E1 (SLD) Credits: 02 Hours: 60
1. Visits organisations working in the area of disabilities (e.g. Special Schools,
Therapy centres, Rehabilitation organisations, and Inclusive Schools). Write a report
on one organisation of each type (special school, rehabilitation organisation, inclusive
school, therapy centre) and submit it for evaluation.
2. Classroom observation

Disability Educational Hrs. Tasks for the Description

Focus Setting (45) learners
SLD Centres/ 30 Observation of the Minimum 30
inclusive students with SLD in school periods.
schools/ the class, the Write a report and
alternative classroom submit.
schools for organisation, student
students with – teacher interaction,
learning teaching methods
challenges used by the teacher.
Observations must
be conducted across
grades and in
different subject
periods.
HI, VI, Special schools 10 Classroom Observation Minimum 15
CP, ASD , for HI, VI, and Report school Periods.
(2 Hrs
ID, and CP, ASD, 3 school Periods
each in
Multiple ID and in each Special
each
Disabilities Multiple school.
disabilit
Disabilities Write a report
y)
and submit.
Any Inclusive 5 Classroom Observation Minimum 8 school
Disability School and Report Periods
available in the Write a report and
submit.
neighbourhood

Note:
- Schedule for practical for E-1 shall be included in the time table.
- Observations as mentioned are essential. However, if schools for other disabilities
are not available in the nearby area, the same may be conducted as observation at
Inclusive school/ education, therapy centres or services being provided in the Resource
room/ Home based education or vice versa with other disability.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 227
 DISABILITY SPECIALISATION

Course Code: E2 (SLD) Credits: 06 Hours: 180

Content Educational Hours Tasks for learners

Setting
Individualised teaching
(IEP) Alternative 60 Assess two students with SLD/
school/ Special learning challenges to diagnose
school/ Inclusive their learning needs. Develop
school their IEPs and implement at least
20 lessons for each student. Write
a report and submit.
Development of teacher
made tests (TMTs) Institute 60 Develop three TMTs - one each
for assessment of process deficits
and skill deficit, and one for
evaluation of content (subjects).
Submit the TMTs.
Administration Alternative 60 Administer three standardised
of tests and school/ Special tests to two students with SLD /
report writing school/ Inclusive learning difficulties. Write
school assessment reports and submit.

Note:
- Schedule for the practical shall be included in the timetable and required working days
allocated.
- The tasks mentioned are essential and the content/hours may be adapted as per feasibility and
accessibility.
- Assessment, IEP and all lesson plans must be approved by the supervisor before execution.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 228
 Lesson Planning & Development of TLM
Course Code: E3 (SLD) Credits: 04 Hours: 120

Sr. Disability Tasks for the learners Educational Hours Description

No. Focus Setting
1. General/ Lesson planning and Institute 10 Plan 5 subject teaching lessons
inclusive development of TLM for students in general schools
for micro teaching using different micro teaching
skills. Develop appropriate
TLM to teach the planned
content as required by the
micro skill.
2. SLD Lesson planning and Special 60 Plan 20 lessons for students
development of TLMs School/Inclusi with SLD/ learning difficulties
ve School/ to teach curricular skills,
Alternative provide interventions for
school/ process deficits, teach co-
Clinics curricular skills. The lessons
must be in different areas and
at different levels. Develop
appropriate TLM to teach the
planned content.
3. Other Lesson planning and Special school 25 Plan 10 lessons for students
disability development of TLMs with any disability other than
SLD. The 10 lessons must be in
different subject areas and for
students at different levels.
Develop appropriate TLM to
teach the planned content.
4. Inclusion Lesson planning and Inclusive 25 Plan 10 lessons for students in
development of TLMs school inclusive schools using the
UDL framework. The 10
lessons must be in different
subject areas and for students in
different grades. Develop
appropriate TLM to teach the
planned content.

Note:
- Each lesson must be guided by the supervisor to ensure the incorporation of appropriate
pedagogy.
- Documents of all the lessons taught and the relevant TLM must be made available to the
external examiner during the final practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 229
 Execution of Lessons (Teaching Practice)
Course Code: E4 (SLD) Credits: 04 Hours: 120

Sr. Disability Tasks for the learners Educational Hours Description

No. Focus Setting
1. General/ Execution of micro Institute 10 Execute 5 subject teaching
inclusive teaching lessons lessons for students in general
schools using different micro
teaching skills using
appropriate TLMS.
1. SLD Execution of lessons Special 60 Execute 20 lessons for students
School/Inclusi with SLD/ learning difficulties
ve School/ to teach curricular skills,
Alternative provide interventions for
school/ process deficits, teach co-
Clinics curricular skills using
appropriate TLMs. The lessons
must be in different areas and
at different levels.
2 Other Execution of lessons Special school 25 Execute 10 lessons for
disability students with any disability
other than SLD using
appropriate TLMs. The 10
lessons must be in different
subject areas and for students at
different levels.
3 Inclusion Execution of lessons Inclusive 25 Execute 10 lessons for
school students in inclusive schools
using the UDL framework. The
10 lessons must be in different
subject areas and for students in
different grades. Develop
appropriate TLM to teach the
planned content.
Note:
- Schedule for the practical shall be included in the timetable and required working days allocated.
- All lesson plans must be approved by the supervisor before execution.
- All execution must be done in the presence of a supervisor.
- Feedback must be received from the supervisor in the format prescribed by the institute.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 230
 AREA E
PRACTICAL RELATED TO PEDAGOGY &
DISABILITY
Visual Impairment (VI)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 231
 Visits & Writing Reports
Course Code: E1 (VI) Credits: 2 Hours: 60

Brief description: Students will have a better knowledge of disability and their implications
by visiting various organisations. It will give them the fundamental abilities needed for
teaching and learning environment. This practical is therefore designed to provide exposure
to the teaching-learning processes, various modes of learning and the infrastructural
facilities.

Educational Settings: Special Schools for Children with Visual Impairment, Early
Intervention Centres, Low Vision Centres, Therapy Centres, Rehabilitation Organisations.

Sl. Tasks Specific activities Hours

No.
1 Visits to Special Schools  Study the infrastructure, resources 30
(Visual Impairment) & available in a special school,
Writing Reports  List the best practices offered by the
schools/organizations visited.
 Write a report on the quality of education
*At least 2 Special delivery in the special schools /
Schools to be visited organizations visited based on the
feedback from the students.
 Include the suggestions on what can be
done to make it better.
 Exposure to Sensory Kit, Functional
Assessment Kit, Braille Record, Tactile
Teaching Learning Material Preparation,
Identification and Assessment Records,
etc. are expected
2 Visits to Rehabilitation  Study the infrastructure, resources 30
Centre & Special Schools available in a special school,
(Other Disability) and  List the best practices offered by the
writing Reports schools/centres visited.
 Write a report on the quality of services
*At least 01 Therapy or training based on the feedback from
Centres, or, Rehabilitation the clients or beneficiaries.
Organisations, or, EIC;  Include suggestions on what can be done
and 01 Model Inclusive to make it better.
Schools, or, Special  Exposure to Functional Assessment Kit,
Schools (Other Records, Assessment Records, etc. are
Disability) need to be expected.
visited
60

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 232
Classroom Observation at Different Levels and of Different Subjects

Course Code: E2 (VI) Credits: 2 Hours: 60

Brief description: In this practical, the students will do in-depth observations in special
education classrooms, inclusive classrooms, or training facilities as teacher candidates. The
purpose of this practical is to provide pupil teacher with experience in observing diverse
teaching and learning processes, as well as using a variety of strategies and techniques to
teach various subjects in varied contexts.

Sl. Tasks Specific activities Hours

No.
1 Classroom Observation at  Subject-Specific Classroom Observations at 60
different levels and of Special Schools and Inclusive Schools.
different subjects  Observe various activities such as
conversation, directed activity, story-
telling, assessment, introduction, etc.
 Write the observation report.
 Include the learnings & insights,
feedback, and areas of improvement in
the observation report.
 It is desirable that observation of classroom
activities is spread across the semesters.

60

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 233
 Lesson Planning & Development of TLM

Course Code: E3 (VI) Credits: 6 Hours: 180

Brief description: For educators, planning is vital that support a better understanding of
students and the transfer of information, competencies, and abilities. It supports the direction
of communication, organisation, assessment, and content distribution. Teachers may
guarantee relevance, match activities to objectives, and engage students with easily
accessible content by careful planning. This specific practical component focuses on teaching
students how to prepare teaching materials and arrange lessons effectively under the
supervision of mentors.

Sl. Domain Specific activities Hours

No.

1 Lesson Planning and Unit  Lesson Plan Preparation Pedagogy I – II 60

Planning Practice  Planning for the creation of a learning
environment.
2 Hands-On Training for  Create tangible teaching aids, such as 60
TLM Creation and Use of flashcards, tactile materials, or
Open Resources manipulative,
 Digital TLM creation, developing
multimedia resources, visual schedules,
social stories, or communication boards;
 Development of Teaching Learning
Material (TLM) based on principles of
Universal Design of Learning (UDL).
 Searching and Using OERs
3 Content Reading of  Content reading of school textbooks of 30
School Textbooks and all grades and reflecting on the same.
Adaptation of Content  Preparing adaptations by selecting
various topics related to different subjects
(Language, Maths, Social Science,
Science).
4 IEP & Assessment  Preparing Individualized Education Plan 30
(IEP).
 CCE strategies for CwVI (using Braille
and other methods)
 Integrate assessment of needs and
planning for facilitating learning.
180

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 234
 Execution of Lesson (Teaching Practice)

Course Code: E4 (VI) Credits: 6 Hours: 180

Brief description: Under the guidance and assistance of more experienced educators,
student teachers can improve their art and science of teaching through teaching practice. This
specific teaching practice exercise offers special educators a chance to comprehend the
function and workings of the educational system. Gaining professional competence and
working with students in real classrooms is a tough but rewarding experience that this field
experience offers.

Sl. Domain Specific activities Hours

No.
1 Micro Teaching Sessions Micro Teaching Practice 30
Peer Observation and Feedback
Collaborative and Group Teaching
2 Teaching Practice Undertaking Teaching Practice 60
(Pedagogy I) (Pedagogy I)

3 Teaching Practice Undertaking Teaching Practice 60

(Pedagogy II) (Pedagogy II)

4 Assessment and Progress Assessment and Progress Monitoring 30

Monitoring Home-Assignment Engagement
180

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 235
 AREA F
AREA F: SUPPORTIVE SKILLS / SCHOOL INTERNSHIP
Course Course Name
Code
F1 Supportive Skill Training (Assistive Technologies, Functional Academic
Skills, etc.)
F2 Internship in Disability Specialization
F3 Internship at Inclusive School
F4 Internship in Other Disability

Each disability specialization varies in requirements of Field engagements/internships;

hence the same has been worked out accordingly keeping the total number of credits and hours
same. Details have been provided in the respective disability specialization sections of Practical
II of F1 to F4.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 236
 AREA F
SUPPORTIVE SKILLS AND SCHOOL
INTERNSHIP

Autism Spectrum Disability (ASD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 237
 INTERNSHIP IN OTHER DISABILITY SPECIAL SCHOOL

Course Code: F1 (ASD) Credits: 04 Hours: 120

The internship will be guided by the course supervisor and will include placement of the
learner in a special school for at least two weeks or 10 working days. The student trainee
will carry out the following during the placement period and report after getting the
certificate and endorsement of the school authority.
1. Observe schools and organisations. Observe children with and without any diagnosed
conditions. Write a comprehensive report on the different milestones and behaviours
observed.
2. Participate in at least one parent training programme, cultural programme, social event
or sports event in a school in consultation with the respective school authorities with
inclusion in focus.
3. Any other academic/cultural activity for which the school authorities advise the learner.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 238
 SUPPORTIVE SKILL TRAINING:
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY, AND OTHER ACCESSIBILITY MEASURES

Course Code: F2 (ASD) Credits: 04 Hours: 120

All the practical work in Area E and the internship in Area F require to have assistive
technology and accessibility measures incorporated suitably. Each learner is expected to
identify the accessibility needs of students in the given context. In addition, the assistive
devices or the assistive technology to be used while transacting the curricular content have to
be identified. This would need the assessment of the students with ASD for their ICT needs.
Measures have to be taken to fulfil the needs. The use of technology during group teaching,
adoption of teaching using blended mode and simulation of teaching using the technology
have to be demonstrated. Based on such classroom experiences develop an illustrative
record/folder on assistive technology for persons with ASD as well as other disabilities.
Include information on the maintenance of personal assistive devices by persons with ASD
and associated conditions, the schemes by the government of India for availing assistive
devices such as ADIP and other schemes. In addition, any TLM developed for classroom
transactions that involve technology may also be included and certified by the respective
course coordinator and submitted during the final practical examination.
1. Observe schools and organisations. Write a comprehensive report on the needs and
supports observed.
2. Participate in at least one parent training programme, cultural programme, social event
or sports event in a school in consultation with the respective school authorities with
inclusion in focus.
3. Any other academic/cultural activity for which the school authorities advise the learner.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 239
 Internship in Disability Specialisation

Course Code: F3 (ASD) Credits: 08 Hours: 240

The internship will be guided by the course supervisor and will include placement of the
learner in a special school for at least six weeks or 30 working days. During the placement,
the learner is expected to work in classes ranging from early intervention/preschool to
vocational training and work placement. The learner is expected to carry out the following
activities and submit a report endorsed by the school authority along with the certification of
completion of the internship.
1. Assessment of at least four students using formal and informal tools and identify the
specific learning problems (at least one in each level/class) and write a comprehensive
report.
2. Develop an appropriate individualised educational plan (IEP) (current level, annual
goals, short-term objectives, methods, material and evaluation) and implement at least
10 sessions for each child using appropriate methods and TLMs. Based on the child, the
session may range from 20-45 minutes.
3. Collaborate with the class teachers and plan group teaching lessons for each class in at
least two different areas. After getting the lesson plans approved at least five lessons
teach in the respective classes.
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social event
or sports event in a school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher.
5. Any other academic/cultural activity for which the school authorities advise the learner.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 240
 INTERNSHIP AT INCLUSIVE SCHOOL

Course Code: F4 (ASD) Credits: 08 Hours: 240

The internship will be guided by the course supervisor and will include placement of the
learner in an inclusive school for at least four weeks or 20 working days. The learner is
expected to carry out the following activities and submit a report endorsed by the school
authority along with the certification of completion of an internship.
1. Assessment of at least four students (in different classes) with special educational needs
in inclusive classrooms using formal and informal tools and identifying the specific
learning concerns consult the respective class teacher and write a comprehensive report.
2. Develop an appropriate educational programme with accommodations and
modifications for each of the students. Collaborate with the class teachers and plan at
least 5 group teaching lessons for each inclusive class where the assessed students are
placed. The lessons will be taught in inclusive classes with all other students.
3. In addition, plan five lessons and co-teach/team teach with the class teacher in different
inclusive classes in at least three different subjects.
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social event
or sports event in a school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher with inclusion in focus.
Any other academic/cultural activity for which the school authorities

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 241
 AREA F
SUPPORTIVE SKILLS AND SCHOOL
INTERNSHIP

Hearing Impairment (HI)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 242
 Supportive Skill Training (ISL & Assistive Technologies)

Course Code: F1 (HI) Credits: 6 Hours: 180

Brief description:

The Supportive Skill Training in ISL and Assistive Technologies gives the learners an
opportunity to acquire essential skills that are crucial for effective communication and
accessibility in the context of hearing impairment. This combines comprehensive training in
Indian Sign Language (ISL) and the existing Assistive Technologies. The aim is to empower
educators with the tools and techniques necessary for fostering inclusive learning
environments and enhancing the overall educational experience for individuals with hearing
impairment.

F1 Supportive Skill Training - ISL

Sl. Tasks Educational Specificactivities Hrs Submission

No. settings

1 Compilation of Training Create a list of at least 10 5 Videos in

resources Center / different resources (Websites ISL and
available Bilingual / YouTube channels / Apps / Journal
foreducational Center online courses etc.) available on
content through for learning educational Bilingual
ISL content through ISL, along Teaching
with links and topics.
2 ISL Learn and practice ISL 20
Communication Communication in daily life
through basic vocabulary,
sentences & questions.
Practice dialogues in ISL about
various topics.
3 ISL Vocabulary Learn and practice the 20
for teaching expansion of ISL vocabulary for
subjects/ papers teaching various subjects /
papers. (Refer to the ISLRTC
dictionary of 10,000 words and
other existing resources)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 243
4 Teaching Observing subject wise e- 20
Concepts using content is available in ISL
ISL in various (SIGN LIBRARY, ISLRTC,
subjects NIOS etc.)
Observing lessons in ISL given
by deaf instructors.
Delivering lessons using
educational bilingualism in ISL
and taking feedback from deaf
instructors on the ISL quality
and grammar.
5 Abstract Concepts Understanding and delivering 10
in ISL abstract educational concepts in
ISL
6 Creative Story telling in ISL, Poetry in 10
Expressions in ISL, Debates in ISL, Use of
ISL visual vernacular, News in ISL,
Presentations in ISL, Interviews
in ISL, ISL Competitions
(Observe, practice and sign at
least 5 examples each)
7 Regional variation Observe the regional variations 5
in ISL in ISL and note the importance
of knowing this variation while
teaching.
Record regional variations in
ISL (at least 5 examples).
Discuss the importance of
regional variations with the deaf
students.
8 ISL Grammar ISL Parameters, Signing Space, 20
Sign Families, Word Order,
Size/Shapes in ISL, Different
types of ISL sentences
Questions in ISL, Negation in
ISL, Tenses in ISL, Different
Verbs in ISL, Classifiers,
Indexing, and Localization
9 ISL Games & Participate and create various 10
Competitions games, activities or
competitions related to ISL
Total 120

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 244
Supportive Skill Training (Assistive Technologies) 60 hours

Sl. Tasks Educational Specific activities Hours Submission

No. settings s
1 Types of hearing Audiology Use demo 5 Journal
devices used clinic kits/posters/videos or
with PwHI dummies to look at the
different type of individual
and group hearing devices
available for PwHI and
understand their advantages
and limitations and
selection criteria.
2 Listening check Institute / - Carrying out daily 5 Reports in
of hearing Clinic listening checks on journal
devices devices of children with
hearing impairment (5
children)
3 Developing a Institute / - Understand the Dos and 10 Prepared
pamphlet/poster/ Clinic Don’ts for care and material
video for maintenance of hearing
describing care aids, cochlear implants,
and maintenance group hearing devices
of hearing - Put down the points along
devices to with graphics, illustrations
parents of CwHI in simple language for use
with parents/family
members.
- Use the developed material
to explain care and
maintenance to parents of
CwHI (5 children)
4 Troubleshooting Audiology - Observe the audiologist 5 Observation
of hearing aids clinic performing report
and cochlear troubleshooting of child’s
implants devices (2 children)
- Troubleshoot devices of
CwHI (2 children)
5 Hearing Assistive Hearing and  Compile a list of hearing 5 Prepared list
Technology speech Clinic assistive technology/ in journal
assistive listening devices
available for PwHI,
including alerting devices,

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 245
 in terms of their providers,
pricing, etc.

6 Schemes for Hearing and  Prepare a list of all 5

procurement of speech Clinic available schemes that
hearing devices provide different types of
hearing devices to PwHI
and list the provisions
under the schemes.
7 Listening training Prepare and demonstrate 10
lesson plans for listening
training for children
 Below 2 years (2 plans)
 Between 2 to 5 years (2
plans)
 Above 5 years (2
children)
8 Speech Clinic - List out the available 15
intervention devices for speech
teaching and
correction, including
various Apps.
- Observing
individual speech
teaching sessions (2
children)
- Observing group
teaching sessions (2
children)
- Planning and executing
lesson plan for teaching
non-segmental,
Segmental and Supra
segmental
aspects of speech (2
children)
TOTAL 60

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 246
 Internship in Disability Specialization

Course Code: F2 (HI) Credits: 10 Hours: 300

Brief description: The Internship in Disability Specialization (Area F2) is a comprehensive

300-hour practicum focused on hearing impairment within special school settings. This
immersive program provides hands-on experience supporting Special Educators, honing
teaching skills, and contributing to the holistic development. Learners will gain exposure to
diverse setups, including classrooms and extracurricular activities, while collaborating
closely with experienced teachers as well as Deaf Teachers/ Mentors to get in depth
understanding of the challenges as well as insights into the domain of special education, and
the direct perspective from the deaf community. The internship emphasizes individualized
mentorship, cultural sensitivity, inclusivity, and the integration of technology in teaching
strategies. Upon completion, participants will possess a competitive edge in the job market, a
network of professional connections, and a strong foundation for continued professional
growth in the field of disability specialization.

Sr. Tasks Educational Specific activities Hrs Submissio

No. settings 200 n

1 Practicing Special Undertaking teaching 100 Journal

functioning as a schools/ lessons as per the assigned with
Special Educator Deaf time-table by the reports
Associations/ organization using daily &
- Intern / Training reflectio
diary system for planning
Assistant Teacher Centres and recording. ns
for the CWHI which use
a) Maintaining records and
Educational reports
Bilingualism
b) Total Requesting feedback from
Communicat the stakeholders (students /
ion mentors / other teachers) and
c) Oral-aural reflecting on how to make
approach the teaching learning process
better.
2 Assisting Special Assisting Special educators 30
educators in in classroom activities and
classroom activities management such as
and management Prayers, sharing news in the
assembly, checking devices,

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 247
 attendance, home work/class
work, writing diaries for the
students. preparing TLM,
teaching practice sessions
recapitulation, and break
times, conducting / organizing
cultural activities
3 Assisting in the Assisting in exam related 10
school examinations planning, setting question
papers, assessing, entering
outcome in records, writing
progress reports, feedback
to students and parents,
drawing pedagogic
decisions.
4 Understanding Participating in School 10
beyond classrooms committees meetings,
Planning different
activities Sports, Picnics,
trips, visits, Parent Teacher
Association (PTA)
meeting, competitions,
Celebrations, annual
gatherings,
medical camp/check ups
5 Development of Developing 3 Teaching 10
(TLM), Worksheet Learning Material (TLM)
and 10 worksheet for the
assigned class
6 Document study Reading and reporting on 10
academic calendars, time
table, diaries, work books,
progress reports, case files,
parent meeting reports,
certificates, forms to avail
exemptions and
concessions, assessment
formats for pre-school
7 Use of internet and Using technology for 10
modern technology classroom teaching, art
for improving the education, record keeping,
class communication,
processes downloading power points,
AVs for concept
development involving
students

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 248
8 Compilations of Compiling language 10
language teaching material news,
material news, conversations, stories and
conversation, stories unseen pictures, Directed
and unseen activities
pictures
9 Compiling list of deaf Special School Make a list of deaf 10 Journal
associations, deaf / Deaf associations, deaf schools /Written
schools and other Association/ and other supporting Report
/Video
supporting agencies Training agencies in the area and Report
in the area. Center with their contact information. in ISL
Deaf Teachers / Create a chart of deaf role
Mentors and models in India, including
use of ISL the successful deaf adults
from that area.
10 Assisting Deaf Assist a deaf 20
Teacher / Mentor in teacher/mentor in designing
organizing and an ISL course on teaching
conducting ISL vocabulary to family
awareness about members using local
importance of ISL, language.
Deaf Community Assisting Deaf Teacher /
and Deaf Culture Mentor in organizing and
conducting awareness
about importance of ISL,
Deaf Community and Deaf
Culture at the early
intervention centers/
hospitals/ police stations/
schools / govt. agencies /
employers etc. (At least
four)

Writing the report of these

awareness sessions,
including feedback from
the stakeholders and
recommendations for the
follow ups.
11 Assisting Deaf Assisting Deaf 20
Teacher/Mentor in Teacher/Mentor in
Teaching ISL designing specific

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 249
 curriculum and teaching
ISL to various stakeholders
12 Assisting Deaf Assisting Deaf 20
Teacher/Mentor in Teacher/Mentor in
Communication Communication Support in
Support academic settings by
providing assistance /
access through ISL, verbal
or written communication,
where ever needed.
13 Assisting Deaf Special School Assisting Deaf 20
Teacher/Mentor in / Training Teacher/Mentor in creating
Educational Institute educational content videos
Bilingualism in ISL.
Assisting Deaf
Teacher/Mentor in lesson
planning for live sessions
on academic topics.
14 Assisting Deaf Assisting Deaf 10
Teacher/Mentor in Teacher/Mentor in
Assessment for ISL Designing and Delivering
Formative Assessment for
ISL specialized for the age
groups and planning
language intervention
strategies accordingly.
15 Program end Power point presentation 10
presentation on consolidations,
reflections and take away
points from field
engagement to be able to
become a teacher/ Special
Educator
Total 300

*Certificate from school head grading the performance on 5 point scale. Candidates
below the score 3 repeat the placement

** For items each teacher trainee will be assigned a class and the class teacher is
expected to support as the long term mentor for the student placed in her / his class.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 250
Internship at Inclusive School
Course Code: F3 (HI) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

Brief description: This practicum specifically focuses on undergoing internship program in

the Inclusive school set up. It also focuses on the hands on experience in undertaking
responsibility by assisting the special Educators / mainstream teachers in the inclusive
schools.

Sr. Tasks for Educationa Specific activities Hrs. Submissions

No. Teacher l 120
Educators settings
1 Understanding Inclusive Studying the background 10 Report with
the children in School of children in the allotted reflections
the class
classroom
2 Barrier Free Studying the extent of 05
Environment at barrier free environment
an Inclusive (Infrastructure including
school Assistive devices,
Human resource &
Inclusive teaching
practices) available in an
Inclusive school
3 Understanding Studying the half yearly, 05
the plans Monthly & Unit plans and
Calendar of activities and
Progress report
4 Teaching Assisting the teachers in 50
support Adaptation of content,
Lesson planning,
Scheduling, Resource
mobilisation, Preparing
TLM &Planning
celebrations
5 Remedial Teaching special children 30
support for specialised support for
achieving the content
mastery - 2 students

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 251
6 Student Assist the teachers in 20
evaluation developing Teacher made
tests, conducting unit tests,
Marking scheme, Scoring
key, Exam supervision,
Evaluation of answer scripts
& Reporting
TOTAL 120

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 252
 Internship in Other Disability
Course Code: F4 (HI) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

Brief description: This practicum specifically focuses on undergoing internship program

in Other Disability apart from specialization chosen by the learners. It also focuses on the
hands on experience in undertaking responsibility by assisting the Special Educators in the
Special schools for other disabilities

Sl. Tasks for Educational Specific activities Hrs. Submissions

No. Teacher settings
Educators
1 Teacher Assistant Special Working as teacher 50 Journal of
school of assistant for daily
other Prayers/assembly, reflections
disability Attendance, Home and learning
work/class work,
Writing diaries &
Assisting in school
Celebrations, Creating
TLMs etc.
Reflection on the
experience while
teaching children with
other disabilities.

2 Additional Learning the basics of 40

Additional Skills
Skills (Other required to teach children
Disabilities) with other disabilities
such as Orientation &
Mobility / Braille /
Tactile Sign Language /
Any Other Relevant Skill
3 Document Study Studying the 5 Journal
background of the
children in the allotted
class & Reading and
reporting on Academic
calendars, Time table,
Diaries, Work books,
Progress reports, Case
files, 3 Parent meeting
reports, Certificates,
Forms to avail

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 253
 exemptions and
concessions, Assessment
formats,
4 Studying Prepare a document on 10
differences in finding differences in
different areas Barriers faced by other
disabilities, Aids and
Appliances, Do’s and
Don’ts
5 Student Assist the teachers in 5
evaluation developing Teacher
made tests, conducting
unit tests, Marking
scheme, Scoring key,
Exam supervision,
Evaluation of answer
scripts & Reporting
6 Undertaking Conducting various 10
Cross Curricular activities of art , craft,
Activities painting, celebrations of
festivals
Total 120

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 254
 AREA F
SUPPORTIVE SKILLS AND SCHOOL
INTERNSHIP

Intellectual Disability (ID)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 255
 Supportive Skill Training - Assistive Technology, Other Accessibility
Measures

Course Code: F1 (ID) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

All the practical work in the area E and the internship in Area F require to have the assistive
technology and accessibility measures incorporated suitably. Each learner is expected to
identify the accessibility needs of students in the given context. In addition, the assistive
devices or the assistive technology to be used while transacting the curricular content have to
be identified. This would need the assessment of the students with intellectual disability for
the ICT needs. Measures have to be taken to fulfill the needs.
Use of technology during group teaching, adoption of teaching used blended mode and
simulation of teaching using the technology have to be demonstrated.

Based on such class room experiences and the internet search, develop an illustrative record /
folder on assistive technology for persons with intellectual disability and associated
conditions. Include information on maintenance of personal assistive devices by the persons
with intellectual disability and associated conditions, the schemes by the government of India
for availing assistive devices such as \ ADIP and other schemes. In addition, any TLM that
you have developed for class room transaction that involved technology may also be included
and certified by the respective course coordinator/tutor and submitted during the final
practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 256
 Internship In Disability Specialisation

Course Code: F2 (ID) Credits: 10 Hours: 300

Internship involves placement of the [Link] student trainee/learner in a special school for
students with intellectual disability period of six weeks During the placement the learner is
expected to work in all the classes ranging from early intervention/pre school to vocational
training and placement. The internship should be guided by faculty supervisor.
The student trainee/ learner is expected to carry out the following activities and submit report
endorsed by the school authority along with the certification of completion of internship.

1. Assessment of students using formal and informal tools and identify the specific
learning problems (atleast one in each level/class) and write a comprehensive report.
2. Develop an appropriate individualised educational plan (IEP) (current level, annual
goals, short term objectives, methods and material and evaluation) and implement
using appropriate method and material/TLM (atleast 7 sessions for each child each
session not less than 45 minutes.).
Collaborate with the class teachers and plan group teaching lessons for each class in at
least two different areas. After getting the lessons plans approved teach in the
respective classes. (At least 4 lessons /class).
3. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher.
4. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the student trainee.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 257
 Internship at Inclusive School

Course code: F3 (ID) Credits: 6 Hours: 180

The internship should be guided by faculty supervisor. The internship will be for 4 weeks.
The learner is expected to be present in the placement premises on the working days during
the internship. The student trainee/ learner is expected to carry out the following activities
and submit report endorsed by the school authority along with the certification of completion
of internship.

1. Assessment of students with special educational needs in the inclusive class using
formal and informal tools and identify the specific learning problems (atleast five
students in different classes), consult the respective class teacher and write a
comprehensive report.
2. Develop an appropriate educational programme with accommodations and
modification for each of the students. Collaborate with the class teachers and plan
group teaching lessons for each inclusive class where the assessed students are placed.
(Atleast 5 lessons for each student to be taught in inclusive class with all other
students.
3. In addition, plan and co teach/team teach with the class teacher in different inclusive
classes in at least three different subjects. (in each class co teach five lessons.)
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher with inclusion in focus.
5. Use technology effectively for all the activities during internship.
6. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the student trainee.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 258
 Internship in Other Disability Special School
Course Code: F4 (ID) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

The internship will be guided by the course supervisor, lasting for two weeks. The learner is
expected to be present in the placement premises on the working days during the internship.

The student trainee has to carry out the following during the placement period and report
after getting the certificate and endorsement of the school authority.

1. Observe the classes. With the help of the class teacher assess at least 3 children with
the specific disability using the appropriate tools and write a report.
2. Develop an educational plan, and with the approval of the concerned teacher execute
the lessons for the children who were assessed. ( at least 5 lessons each).
3. Develop at least 5 lessons in suitable class levels in different subjects, get it approved
by the teacher and teach the whole class group with the supervision of the class
teacher.
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher with inclusion in focus.
5. Use technology effectively for all the activities during internship. .
6. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the student trainee.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 259
 AREA F
SUPPORTIVE SKILLS AND SCHOOL
INTERNSHIP

Multiple Disability (MD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 260
 Supportive Skill Training- Assistive Technology, Other Accessibility
Measures

Course Code: F1 (MD) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

All the practical work in the area E and the internship in Area F require to have the assistive
technology and accessibility measures incorporated suitably. Each learner is expected to
identify the accessibility needs of students in the given context. In addition the assistive
devices or the assistive technology to be used while transacting the curricular content have to
be identified. This would need the assessment of the students with multiple disability for the
ICT needs. Measures have to be taken to fulfill the needs.
Use of technology during group teaching, adoption of teaching used blended mode and
simulation of teaching using the technology have to be demonstrated.

Based on such class room experiences and the net search develop an illustrative record /
folder on assistive technology for persons with multiple disability. Include information on
maintenance of personal assistive devices by the persons with multiple disability, the
schemes by the government of India for availing assistive devices such as ADIP and other
schemes. In addition, any TLM that you have developed for class room transaction that
involved technology may also be included and certified by the respective course
coordinator/tutor and submitted during the final practical examination.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 261
 INTERNSHIP IN DISABILITY SPECIALISATION

Course Code: F2 (MD) Credits: 10 Hours: 300

Internship involves placement of the [Link] student trainee/learner in a special school for
students with multiple disability period of six weeks During the placement the learner is
expected to work in all the classes ranging from early intervention/pre school to vocational
training and placement. The internship should be guided by faculty supervisor.
The student trainee/ learner is expected to carry out the following activities and submit report
endorsed by the school authority along with the certification of completion of internship.

1. Assessment of students using formal and informal tools and identify the specific
learning problems (atleast one in each level/class) and write a comprehensive report .
2. Develop an appropriate individualised educational plan (IEP) (current level, annual
goals, short term objectives, methods and material and evaluation) and implement
using appropriate method and material/TLM ( atleast 7 sessions for each child each
session not less than 45 minutes.).
Collaborate with the class teachers and plan group teaching lessons for each class in at
least two different areas. After getting the lessons plans approved teach in the
respective classes. (At least 4 lessons /class).
3. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher.
4. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the student trainee.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 262
 INTERNSHIP AT INCLUSIVE SCHOOL

Course code: F3 (MD) Credits: 6 Hours: 180

The internship should be guided by faculty supervisor. The internship will be for 4 weeks.
The learner is expected to be present in the placement premises on the working days during
the internship .The student trainee/ learner is expected to carry out the following activities
and submit report endorsed by the school authority along with the certification of completion
of internship.

1. Assessment of students with special educational needs in the inclusive classs using
formal and informal tools and identify the specific learning problems ( atleast five
students in different classes), consult the respective class teacher and write a
comprehensive report.
2. Develop an appropriate educational programme with accommodations and
modification for each of the students. Collaborate with the class teachers and plan
group teaching lessons for each inclusive class where the assessed students are placed.
(atleast 5 lessons for each student to be taught in inclusive class with all other
students.
3. In addition, plan and co teach/team teach with the class teacher in different inclusive
classes in at least three different subjects . (in each class co teach five lessons.)
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher with inclusion in focus.
5. Use technology effectively for all the activities during internship. .
6. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the student trainee.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 263
 Internship in Other Disability Special School
Course code: F4 (MD) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

The internship will be guided by the course supervisor, lasting for two weeks. The learner is
expected to be present in the placement premises on the working days during the internship.

The student trainee has to carry out the following during the placement period and report
after getting the certificate and endorsement of the school authority.

1. Observe the classes. With the help of the class teacher assess at least 3 children with
the specific disability using the appropriate tools and write a report.
2. Develop an educational plan, and with the approval of the concerned teacher execute
the lessons for the children who were assessed. (at least 5 lessons each).
3. Develop at least 5 lessons in suitable class levels in different subjects, get it approved
by the teacher and teach the whole class group with the supervision of the class
teacher. ..
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher with inclusion in focus.
5. Use technology effectively for all the activities during internship. .
6. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the student trainee.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 264
 AREA F
SUPPORTIVE SKILLS AND SCHOOL
INTERNSHIP

Specific Learning Disability (SLD)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 265
 Supportive Skill Training - Assistive Technology, Other Accessibility
Measures

Course Code: F1 (SLD) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

All the practical work in the area E and the internship in Area F require to have the assistive
technology and accessibility measures incorporated suitably. The assistive devices, or the
assistive technology to be used while transacting the curricular content must be identified.
Measures must be taken to fulfill the needs. Use of technology during individualised and
group teaching, adoption of teaching used blended mode and simulation of teaching using the
technology must be demonstrated.

In addition, the following tasks must be undertaken.

Sr. Task for the Hours Description

No. learners
1 AT and ICT 30 Identify the accessibility needs of students in the given
use context. The learner must conduct the assessment of two
students with SLD for the AT and ICT needs. Create a plan to
incorporate AT and ICT for classroom teaching. Submit a
report along with the illustrative low-cost devices/ aids.
2 Curriculum 90 Adapt two chapters in two different subjects at two different
adaptation levels for students with SLD. Submit the curriculum
adaptation along with the required aids and TLMs.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 266
 Internship in Disability Specialisation

Course Code: F2 (SLD) Credits: 10 Hours: 300

Internship involves placement of the [Link]. Spl. Ed. learner in a special school for students
with learning difficulties / clinic / centre catering to students with SLD for a period of 6
weeks. During the placement the learner is expected to work with students in all the classes
ranging from primary school to secondary school. The internship should be guided by
faculty supervisor.
The learner is expected to carry out the following activities and submit report endorsed by the
school authority along with the certification of completion of internship.

1. Assessment of students using formal and informal tools and identify the specific
learning problems ( atleast one in each level/class) and write a comprehensive report .
2. Develop an appropriate individualised educational plan (IEP) (current level, annual
goals, short term objectives, methods and material and evaluation) and implement
using appropriate method and material/TLM ( atleast 7 sessions for each child each
session not less than 45 minutes.).
3. Collaborate with the class teachers and plan group teaching lessons for each class in at
least two different areas. After getting the lessons plans approved teach in the
respective classes. (At least 4 lessons /class).
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher.
5. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the learner.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 267
 INTERNSHIP AT INCLUSIVE SCHOOL

Course code: F 3 (SLD) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

The internship should be guided by faculty supervisor. The internship will be for 2 weeks.
The learner is expected to be present in the placement premises on the working days during
the internship .The learner is expected to carry out the following activities and submit report
endorsed by the school authority along with the certification of completion of internship.

1. Assessment of students with special educational needs in the inclusive class using
formal and informal tools and identify the specific learning problems ( at least two
students in different classes), consult the respective class teacher and write a
comprehensive report.
2. Develop an appropriate educational programme with accommodations and
modification for each of the students. Collaborate with the class teachers and plan
group teaching lessons for each inclusive class where the assessed students are placed.
( at least two lessons for each student to be taught in inclusive class with all other
students).
3. In addition, plan and co teach/team teach with the class teacher in different inclusive
classes in at least three different subjects (in each class co teach two lessons.)
4. Organise at least one parent training programme, one cultural programme, social
event or sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher with inclusion in focus.
5. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the learner.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 268
 Internship in Other Disability Special School

Course code: F4 (SLD) Credits:6 Hours: 180

The internship will be guided by the course supervisor, lasting for 3 weeks. The learner is
expected to be present in the placement premises on the working days during the internship.

The learner must carry out the following during the placement period and report after getting
the certificate and endorsement of the school authority.

1. Observe the classes. With the help of the class teacher assess at least 3 children with
the specific disability using the appropriate tools and write a report.
2. Develop an educational plan, and with the approval of the concerned teacher execute
the lessons for the children who were assessed (at least 3 lessons each).
3. Develop at least 5 lessons in suitable class levels in different subjects, get it approved
by the teacher and teach the whole class group with the supervision of the class
teacher.
4. Organise at least one parent training programme /one cultural programme /social
event/ sports event in school in consultation with the principal and respective class
teacher.
5. Any other academic/ cultural activity in the school for which the school authorities
seek the involvement of the learner.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 269
 AREA F
SUPPORTIVE SKILLS AND SCHOOL
INTERNSHIP

Visual Impairment (VI)

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 270
 Supportive Skill Training
(Functional Academic Skills, Assistive Technologies and Other ECC Components)

Course Code: F1 (VI) Credits: 6 Hours: 180

Brief description: With the use of the Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) including
functional academic skills and assistive technologies, learners can gain the fundamental
abilities needed for accessible and efficient support while dealing with students with visual
impairment. The goal is to equip teachers with the knowledge and skills needed to create
inclusive classrooms and improve the educational experience for students with visual
impairment.

Educational Settings: Special Education-Teacher Education Institute (Training

Institute)

Sl. Domain Specific activities Hours

No.
1 Learning Functional Preparing Reading Readiness Materials 60
Academic Skills Reading & Writing Braille: Learning English
Braille Grade 1 & 2 ; and Learning Bharti
Braille (Hindi or Any one regional Language)
2 Assistive Teaching Manual Technologies (Abacus. Taylor 30
Technologies Frame, Geometry Kit, etc.)
(Manual, Electronic Magnifiers, Non-Optical Devices,
DAISY Players
& Advanced)
Advanced Assistive Technologies (RBD/
Notetakers, Screen Readers, Screen Magnifiers,
Braille Translators, Embossers, Smart Cane
etc.)
5 Sensory Efficiency Sensory training for optimal use of remaining 15
senses (including remaining vision)
6 Independent Living Personal Hygiene, eating skills/Etiquettes, food 15
Skills preparation, time and money management,
clothing care, and household tasks.
7 Orientation & Learning Orientation and Mobility skills 30
Mobility (Learning) including sighted guide techniques, protective
techniques, searching techniques, cane
techniques,
8 Other ECC Hands on training on special leisure & 30
Components recreational devices for CwVI, Exercises on
Improving social communication skills, Self-
Determination, Facilitating Career Education
180

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 271
 Internship in Disability Specialization
Course Code: F2 (VI) Credits: 10 Hours: 300

Brief description: The comprehensive practical focuses on visual impairment in special

education settings. This intensive programme enhances teaching abilities, supports
prospective special educators in the real world, and promotes holistic growth. While working
closely with experienced special education teachers, learners will be exposed to a variety of
settings, including classrooms and extracurricular activities. This will provide them with a
deeper understanding of the difficulties and insights into the field of special education, as
well as first-hand knowledge from the children with visual disability. The internship places a
strong emphasis on tailored mentoring, cultural sensitivity, diversity, and incorporating
technology into instructional practices. After finishing, individuals will have an advantage in
the professional field and a solid basis for future career advancement in the disability
specialisation field.

Educational Settings: Special Schools for Students with Visual Impairment (Low
vision and Blindness)

Sl. Domain Specific activities Hours

No.
1 Practicing asa Undertaking teaching lessons at Special 120
Special Educator - Schools per the assigned time-table by the
Intern / Assistant organization using daily diary system for
planning and recording.
Teacher
for the CwVI Maintaining Records and Reports including
feedback from the stakeholders (mentors /
other teachers) and reflection on how to make
the teaching-learning process better.

7 Assessment & Assist the teachers in developing teacher made 30

Remedial Support tests, conducting unit tests, Exam supervision,
Evaluation of answer scripts & Reporting.
2 Supporting Revision on Braille 60
Functional Braille Reading Drills with CwVI
Academic Skills Braille Writing Drills with CwVI
Large Print Materials Reading & Wriing Drills
3 Accessible Creating Braille Books/Epub/Talking Book 30
Learning Materials Creating Tactile Graphics & Maps,
Creation Preparation and Adaptation of Teaching Learning
Materials (TLMs),
4 Orientation & Teaching Sighted Guide Techniques & Protective 30
Mobility Techniques, Drill on Searching Techniques, Drill
(Training) on Cane Techniques, Orientation Strategies,

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 272
 Development of Mobility Map

8 Cross-Curricular Conducting various activities of art, craft, drama, 30

Activities painting, yoga, etc.
Adapted sports and physical education for
students with Visual Impairment.
Managing Recreational & Leisure Activities
300

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 273
 Internship at Inclusive School
Course Code: F3 (VI) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

Brief description: Participating in an internship programme in an inclusive school setting is

the specific emphasis of this practical course. It also focuses on the hands-on experience in
undertaking responsibility by assisting the special educators or mainstream teachers in
inclusive schools/settings.

Educational Settings: Inclusive Education Setting / Inclusive School

Sl. Domain Specific activities Hours

No.
1 Planning Studying the background of the children in the 15
allotted class and reading and reporting on
Academic Calendars, Time Table, Diaries,
Work-Books, Progress Reports, Case files,
Parent Meeting Records, Different Formats and
Assessment
2 Role of Teacher Assisting Teachers at Inclusive Schools in 30
Assistant/ Team Classroom Teaching
Teaching (should also include 5 hours of training in Basics
Braille for other students)
3 Review on Barrier- Studying the extent of a barrier-free 30
Free Environment environment
available at the inclusive school in consultation
with the school Principal/Teacher
4 Assessments & Assist the teachers in developing teacher-made 15
Remedial Support tests, conducting unit tests, Marking schemes,
Exam supervision, Evaluation of answer scripts
and reporting.
5 Undertaking Cross- Conducting various activities of art, craft, drama, 30
Curricular painting, yoga, adapted sports and physical
Activities education, celebrations of festivals, etc.

120

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 274
 Internship in Other Disability
Course Code: F4 (VI) Credits: 4 Hours: 120

Brief description: This practical mostly focuses on participating in an internship

programme in a field other than the learners' selected disability specialization area (i.e.
Visual Disability). Additionally, by helping special education teachers at the special schools
for different disabilities, it is expected that trainee teachers will enrich the practical
experience.

Educational Settings: Special Schools of Other Disability

Sl. Domain Specific activities Hours

No.
1 Planning Studying the background of the children in the 15
allotted class and reading and reporting on
Academic Calendars, Time Table, Diaries,
Work-Books, Progress Reports, Case files,
Parent Meeting Records, Different Formats
and Assessment
2 Role of Teacher Assisting Teachers at Special Schools in 30
Assistant/ Team Classroom Teaching
Teaching

3 Additional Skills Acquiring the basics of additional skills 30

(Other Disabilities) required for supporting children with other
disabilities. Eg. ISL, Behavior Modification
Training, etc.

Preparing TLM; etc.

4 Assessments Assist the teachers in developing Teacher-made 15
tests, conducting unit tests, Exam supervision,
Evaluation of answer scripts and reporting, and
applying adaptations.

5 Undertaking Conducting various activities of art, craft, 30

Cross-Curricular drama, painting, yoga, special or adapted sports
Activities and physical education, celebrations of
festivals, etc.
120

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 275
 AREA G – EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS
Course Code Title Credit Hours
G EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS 2 60

The resources are freely downloadable at [Link]. This module will

enable and empower the trainees with readiness skills for applying, preparing for
interviews and developing soft skills for working as professionals in supporting diverse
clients across different setups.

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 276
 Contributions

Writers & Editors

Dr Ajit Kumar Dr Akhil Paul
Dr Amitav Mishra Dr Aparna Nandurkar
Dr Apoorva Panshikar Mr A.S. Narayanan
Dr Harish Soni Dr Jayanti Pujari
Dr Jayanthi Narayan Dr Sr. Jeesa Grace
Dr Jignya Shah Mr Ketan Kothari
Dr Muthaiah N Dr Nidhi Singhal
Ms Pallavi Kulshrestha Dr Pankaj Kumar
Dr Rajesh Ramachandran Prof. S. R. Mittal
Dr Sudha Kaul Dr J. Sujathamalini
Mr Sunil Sahasrabudhe Dr Uttam Kumar
Dr Varsha Gathoo Prof. Victoria Naomi
Dr Vinay Kumar Singh Prof. Sangeeta

Coordinators and Compilers

Dr Sandeep Tambe
Dr Varsha Gathoo
Dr Pankaj Kumar

[Link]./2024-25
Rehabilitation Council of India 277