CIENCIA DE DATOS & IA
IA Fundamentals
Introduction
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda
2024
Overview
1
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
2
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Lesson Objectives
3
Lesson Objectives
▶ Understand the definition of intelligence.
▶ Understand the AI.
▶ Discover the fields and applications of AI.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
4
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Artificial Intelligence
Definition 5
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Artificial Intelligence
Definition 5
What is Artificial Intelligence?
“AI is a branch of Computer Science,
which is mainly concerned with
automation of Intelligent behavior” [1].
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Artificial Intelligence
Definition 5
What is Artificial Intelligence?
“AI is a branch of Computer Science,
which is mainly concerned with
automation of Intelligent behavior” [1].
“AI is technology that enables
computers and machines to simulate
human intelligence and
problem-solving capabilities.” (IBM).
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Artificial Intelligence
Examples
6
Give some examples of AI technology
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Artificial Intelligence
7
VIDEO
[Link]
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
8
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Alan Turing
Enigma and Turing machine
9
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
The Turing Test
10
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
The Turing Test
11
Some questions:
▶ What is your most memorable childhood event and how has that impacted you
today?
▶ Describe yourself using only colors and shapes.
▶ What historical event changed you the most and where were you when it
happened?
▶ Which of the previous questions was the most difficult to answer and why?
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
The Turing Test
12
The first machine to pass the Turing test in 2014. It convinced 33% of judges.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
The Turing Test
Work in groups
13
Look for another programs that pass the Turing test.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
The Turing Test
Work in groups
14
Do you think Turing test is enough to distinguish intelligence?
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
The Turing Test
15
Arguments against Turing test [1]:
▶ It takes human being as a reference for intelligent behavior, rather than debating
over the true nature of intelligence.
▶ Biased towards only symbolic problem solving.
▶ Perceptual skills or dexterity cannot be checked.
▶ ...
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
16
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Speech Processing
17
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Speech Recognition
18
Whisper
[Link]
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Speech Recognition
19
Vocal removal
[Link]
[Link]
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Speech Processing
20
Assign each application with the technology type (Quizizz task):
▶ YouTube auto generated captions.
▶ Data compression to send audio
through internet. ▶ Speaker recognition.
▶ Google text-to-speech. ▶ Speech recognition.
▶ Your cellphone is unlocked just ▶ Speech synthesis.
when you speak. ▶ Speech enhancement.
▶ Automatic software for quality ▶ Speech coding.
improvement of voices.
▶ Amazon Alexa.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
21
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Natural Language Processing
22
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Natural Language Processing
23
Assign each application with the technology type: (1) machine translation, (2) text
generation, (3) text classification, (4) Paraphrasing, (4) Summarization.
(a) Google search (b) Email filter
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Natural Language Processing
24
Assign each application with the technology type: (1) machine translation, (2) text
generation, (3) text classification, (4) Paraphrasing, (4) Summarization.
(c) Google translate (d) ChatGPT
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Natural Language Processing
25
LM studio
[Link]
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
26
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Optimization problems
Planning
27
Task of finding a procedural course of action for a:
▶ Declaratively described system
▶ To reach its goals
▶ While optimizing overall performance measures
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning
Example
28
Let’s say you have a team of field technicians who must travel to different work
locations.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning
Example
29
Let’s say you have a team of field technicians who must travel to different work
locations.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning
Example
30
Let’s say you have a team of field technicians who must travel to different work
locations.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning for Workforce scheduling problems
Timetabling
31
How to schedule workers:
▶ Employees shall have two days off in sequence.
▶ At least two workers daily.
▶ ...
Table: Workforce scheduling example.
EMPLOYEE MO TU WE TH FR SA SU
Alice X X X . X . X
Bob X . . X X X X
Charlie . X X X X X .
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning for Workforce scheduling problems
Contract mix 32
Find the best mix of contracts (full-time, weekend, night, temporary) taking into
consideration vacations, official holidays and seasonality of demand.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning for Workforce scheduling problems
Job shop problem
33
For instance, in a car-making
manufacturing plant:
▶ We have machines to accomplish
different tasks.
▶ We have jobs specifically for each
car model.
▶ How do we schedule the jobs
performed by each machine to get
the major productivity?.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning for Workforce scheduling problems
Job shop problem
34
Each machine can process only one job at a time and each job has a specific
processing time. Moreover, there are precedence rules (Cost O(2n )).
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Job shop problem
35
Example
Simulation
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Planning
Cost 36
The running times of different algorithms, for a processor performing a million
instructions per second. Very long time > 1025
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
37
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Computer Vision
Object detection ans segmentation
38
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Computer Vision
Ship detection
39
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Computer Vision
Face recognition
40
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Computer Vision
Autonomous Driving
41
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Computer Vision
Healthcare 42
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Computer Vision
Quality Assurance
43
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
My projects
44
My projects
[Link]
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
45
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Expert Systems
46
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
RAG Systems
47
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Overview
48
Introduction
Objectives
Definition
The Turing Test
Fields of Study of AI
Speech Processing
Natural Language Processing
Optimization problems
Computer Vision
Expert Systems
Bioinformatics
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Bioinformatics
Protein function prediction
49
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Bioinformatics
Protein-drug binding prediction
50
Figure: Example of protein-drug binding prediction using artificial intelligence. Source: [2].
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Bioinformatics
Precision medicine 51
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Tets
Quizizz 52
Quizizz activy (introduction)
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
Activity
53
Work in group of 4 students and look for a real problem that artificial intelligence could
solve.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals
References I
54
[1] KR Chowdhary,
Fundamentals of artificial intelligence,
Springer, 2020.
[2] Hannes Stärk, Octavian Ganea, Lagnajit Pattanaik, Regina Barzilay, and Tommi
Jaakkola,
“Equibind: Geometric deep learning for drug binding structure prediction,”
in International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 2022, pp. 20503–20521.
Ph.D. Vicente Machaca Arceda | IA Fundamentals