Physical Education in History and Development
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GeraldinePhysical Education in History and Development
Uploaded by
GeraldineBEED 17
(Teaching PE and Health in the
Elementary Grades)
MODULE 1
Instructor: Rachel Arantza T. Miral
Name: Bajo, Geraldine P.
Course & Year: BEED (General Curriculum) – III
Time: TTH 1:00 – 2:00 P.M.
Section: A
Lesson 1 – Activity #1
1. After reading the NORSU's vision, mission, and policy. Create your own vision
and mission.
Vision
A state with a highly competitive individuals.
Mission
The University shall provide good facilities, enough allocation, and high quality
education.
Lesson 1 – Activity #2
After scanning and listening to the NORSU hymn, I want you to make a video
presentation singing the NORSU hymn and post it on the comment section under this
module.
(Nacomment na nako akoang video ma'am.)
Assessment:
1. What are the factors that had affected physical education in primitive society and
ancient countries and what are the effects of these factors to the lives of their
people?
The factors that affected physical education in the primitive society and ancient
countries includes people's way of living and their religious beliefs. In which they
are more focused on other things like securing their safety and other necessity
other than building a physically strong body. Also, the asceticism and
scholasticism, the movements that tremendously affected physical education.
The effects of these factors to the people's lives is that they are living a sedentary
life, which is good but with the absence of physical education, their body might
be weak. Also having such focus on their way of living (primitive society), their
physical activities were not organized. In dark ages, as the movement paved the
way, the physical education were stopped and the customs and practices
resulted in poor health and shattered nervous system of many people.
2. What are the contributions of various men and countries in the modern western
world to the growth and development of physical education which have
influenced the changing concepts of this field?
The contributions of various men and countries to the growth and development of
physical education are:
In Ancient China, the form of medical gymnastics.
In India, the yoga exercise.
Greece laid the foundation for the present Olympic Games.
Herodutos, who recognizes the use of physical education as an aid to
medicine.
Galen, who stated that physical education is part of hygiene and
subordinate to medicine.
Hippocrates, proclaimed the use and disuse of parts of the body.
Socrates, gave emphasis to the importance of physical education in
attaining health.
Plato, considered gymnastics and music as the two important subjects in
the curriculum.
Aristotle, recognized the interrelationship of body and soul.
Xenophon, thought of physical education as important in terms of military.
Johann Bernhard Basedow, established a school called Philanthropinum,
a school that offered a program where physical education was a part of
the curriculum.
Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths, wrote the books Gymnastics for
the Young and Games.
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, instilled in the youth a love for gymnastics and
believe that physical education is a means of aiding the growth and
development of the children.
Adolf Spiess, the founder of school gymnastics in Germany.
Per Henrick Ling, established the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics to
prepare teachers in 3 categories: educational, military, or medical.
Lars Gabriel Branting, spent his time in medical gymnastics.
Gustaf Nybelus, specialized in military gymnastics.
Hjalmar Fredrik Ling, organized educational gymnastics in Sweden and is
responsible for making P.E. as school subject.
Franz Nachtegall, introduced physical education in Denmark.
Niels Bukh, introduced “Primitive Gymnastics”
Great Britain is known as the home of the outdoor sports.
Archibald Maclaren, devised sa system of physical education for the
British Army.
Thomas Dennison Wood, introduced Natural Gymnastics.
Clark Hetherington, emphasized on children's play activity.
Jessie Bancroft, influenced the development of physical education as a
responsibility of homeroom teachers in the elementary schools.
Jacob Riis, symbolic of the playground in Now York.
3. What do you think are the current developments of physical education and their
relevance to national development?
The current developments of P.E. is that it is included in the curriculum in schools
and is compulsory. Also, it is so much known this time as many people engage in
sports and became a known figure in the world. As sports became known to the
world, people began to engage themselves into it and became known in the
whole world, bringing the pride of their nationality/country.
Common questions
Powered by AIHistorical contributions included Ancient China's medical gymnastics and India's yoga. Greece introduced the Olympic Games foundation, and figures like Herodotos advocated for physical education as medical aid. Galen connected physical education to hygiene, while Hippocrates emphasized use and disuse, and Socrates highlighted health benefits. In education, Plato and Aristotle incorporated physical training in curricula. Johann Basedow's school formalized physical education, and Friedrich Jahn popularized gymnastics in youth culture, influencing modern physical education .
Physical education's inclusion and compulsory status in school curricula contribute to national development by promoting health, fostering discipline, and supporting social integration. Sports prominence on the global stage enhances national pride and identity, enabling individuals to achieve international recognition, thereby uplifting national consciousness .
Military training has historically emphasized physical robustness and discipline, traits which translated into modern curricula forms that incorporate structured, disciplined physical regimens. Xenophon's emphasis on military importance, Ling's categorization of military gymnastics, and Britain's development of British Army physical training all influenced contemporary curricula to incorporate systematic physical discipline .
John Basedow's establishment of Philanthropinum integrated physical education in academic settings, formalizing it as a standard curricular component. Friedrich Jahn's influence instilled a cultural affinity for gymnastics, promoting physical education's broader acceptance and motivation in academic spheres, reinforcing its value across educational institutions .
The primary factors influencing physical education in primitive society and ancient countries included the people's way of living and religious beliefs, which prioritized safety and necessity over physical strength. These factors resulted in a sedentary lifestyle with unorganized physical activities. In the Dark Ages, the influence of movements like asceticism and scholasticism halted physical education, contributing to poor health and a shattered nervous system among people .
Per Henrick Ling founded the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics, preparing teachers in educational, military, or medical categories, laying a systematic foundation for physical education. Hjalmar Fredrik Ling organized educational gymnastics in Sweden, making physical education a school subject, which formalized its role in European education systems .
Socrates emphasized the connection between physical education and health, advocating its importance in personal wellbeing. Plato considered gymnastics essential alongside music in educational curricula for balanced development. Aristotle recognized the interrelationship between body and soul, integrating physical activities into broader educational philosophies, which helped institutionalize physical training in educational settings .
Adolf Spiess founded school gymnastics in Germany, structuring physical activities into educational systems, significantly impacting the formalization of physical education in schools. Niels Bukh introduced 'Primitive Gymnastics,' which emphasized natural movements, impacting the methodology of physical education by focusing on simplicity and foundational exercises .
Herodotos identified physical education as complementary to medicine, suggesting its therapeutic potential in enhancing health. Galen further aligned physical education with hygiene practices, acknowledging its role in preventive health measures. These associations enriched the understanding of physical education as vital for holistic health and well-being, promoting its integration into medical and health sciences .
Greek traditions, highlighting physical education through the Olympic emphasis, integrated sports deeply into cultural identity, viewing physical and intellectual excellence as intertwined. Philosophers like Plato promoted this integration within educational curricula, altering education paradigms by embedding physical training. This ideation framed modern perceptions, establishing athletics as central to educational and societal constructs .