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Understanding Leveling Techniques

The document outlines the process of leveling, which involves determining the relative heights of points on the earth's surface using tools like an automatic level instrument and tripod. It defines key terms such as elevation, benchmark, back sight, and fore sight, explaining their roles in the leveling process. The document also includes a table format for organizing elevation readings from the leveling experiment.

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3 views8 pages

Understanding Leveling Techniques

The document outlines the process of leveling, which involves determining the relative heights of points on the earth's surface using tools like an automatic level instrument and tripod. It defines key terms such as elevation, benchmark, back sight, and fore sight, explaining their roles in the leveling process. The document also includes a table format for organizing elevation readings from the leveling experiment.

Uploaded by

xtz364
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Exp.

4
Part 2
By:
Lect. Assist. Ruba H. Majeed

Leveling
Object:
• Levelling

Tools & Instruments:


• Automatic Level Instrument
• Tripod
• Staff
• Leveling: is defined as the process of
determining the relative heights or elevations
of points or objects on the earth’s surface.
• The elevation of a point: is defined as its
vertical distance measured above or below a
reference level which is called datum. The
most widely used datum surface is the Mean
Sea Level, M.S.L
• Mean Sea Level (MSL): It is used as a datum
line for the measurements.

What is Leveling?
• Benchmark (BM) : A relatively permanent
object, natural or artificial having a marked point
whose elevation above or below a reference
datum is known. Common Examples are metals
disk set in a concrete.

What is Bench Mark, BM?


• Back Sight (BS) : It is the first reading taken on a point of Elevation .
• Fore Sight (FS) : It is the last reading taken on a point before shifting the
instrument. It is usually the point whose elevation is to be measured.

What is Back Sight BS & Fore Sight FS?


• Sight towards the staff using the gun sight. Take the reading.

Sighting
Station Point BS HI FS Elevation

ST1 BM ???? 30.000

Pt 1 ???? ???? ?????

Pt 2 ???? ????

Pt 3 ???? ????

How to arrange readings in table


At the end of this experiment you
can find the elevation of any
unmeasured point using level
instrument depending on bench
mark elevation or a known point

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