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Pulse Digital Modulation Techniques

The document discusses various pulse modulation techniques, including Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), Delta Modulation (DM), and Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM). It outlines the steps, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each technique, highlighting their efficiency in digital signal processing. Additionally, it compares the techniques based on bits per sample, bandwidth, complexity, and usage.

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sikendrakr645
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24 views3 pages

Pulse Digital Modulation Techniques

The document discusses various pulse modulation techniques, including Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), Delta Modulation (DM), and Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM). It outlines the steps, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each technique, highlighting their efficiency in digital signal processing. Additionally, it compares the techniques based on bits per sample, bandwidth, complexity, and usage.

Uploaded by

sikendrakr645
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit 1: Pulse Analog Modulation Techniques

Unit 2: Pulse Digital Modulation Techniques

2.1 PCM - Pulse Code Modulation

PCM ek technique hai jisme analog signal ko digital form me convert kiya jata hai.

Steps of PCM:

1. Sampling - Analog signal ko regular intervals pe sample kiya jata hai.

2. Quantization - Sampled values ko nearest fixed level pe round off karte hain.

3. Encoding - Quantized values ko binary numbers me convert karte hain.

Example:

Ek microphone ka analog audio signal, PCM ke through digital banake computer me store kiya jata hai.

Quantization Types:

- Uniform Quantization - Equal level steps.

- Non-Uniform Quantization - Small amplitude ke liye small steps; better accuracy at low signal levels.

Advantages:

- Noise resistant.

- Easily compressible and encryptable.

Disadvantages:

- High bandwidth required.

Waveform Description:

Analog signal -> Sampled steps -> Rounded off levels -> Binary output.

2.2 DPCM - Differential Pulse Code Modulation


Unit 1: Pulse Analog Modulation Techniques

Isme previous sample se current sample ka difference encode hota hai.

Example:

Voice over internet calls (VoIP) me bandwidth bachane ke liye DPCM use hota hai.

Advantage:

Data size reduce hota hai.

2.3 Delta Modulation (DM)

Delta modulation me sirf signal ka change (increase ya decrease) transmit hota hai - sirf 1 bit use hoti hai.

- 1 -> Increase

- 0 -> Decrease

Waveform Description:

Input analog signal ke aas-paas staircase waveform banta hai.

Problem - Slope Overload:

Jab signal jaldi badalta hai, toh DM usko follow nahi kar pata.

Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM):

- Step size signal ke speed ke according adjust hoti hai.

- Fast signal = Badi step size

- Slow signal = Chhoti step size

Use: Wireless audio transmission.

2.4 TDM - Time Division Multiplexing

TDM ek multiplexing technique hai jisme multiple digital signals ko ek hi channel me bhej dete hain, alag-alag time slots
Unit 1: Pulse Analog Modulation Techniques

me.

Example:

Telephone exchanges me TDM use hota hai to connect multiple users.

Working:

Har input signal ko ek fixed time slot diya jata hai.

Sab signals ek ke baad ek transmit hote hain.

Waveform Description:

Signal 1, 2, 3... ko time slots me divide karke ek combined stream banate hain.

Advantages:

- Efficient bandwidth use

- No interference between signals

Comparison Table: PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM

Technique | Bits per Sample | Bandwidth | Complexity | Usage

--------- | ---------------- | ---------- | ----------- | -------

PCM | High | High | High | Audio, Telephony

DPCM | Medium | Medium | Medium | VoIP, Video

DM | 1-bit/sample | Low | Simple | Audio

ADM | Variable | Adaptive | Medium | Wireless Comm

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